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You searched for: Subject term annealing Remove constraint Subject term: annealing Subject term Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Remove constraint Subject term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
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1. A Simple, Low Cost Ink System for Drop-on-Demand Printing High Performance Metal Oxide Dielectric Film at Low Temperature

Author:
Zhennan Zhu; Jianhua Zhang; ZhongWei Zhou; Honglong Ning; Wei Cai; Jinglin Wei; Shangxiong Zhou; Rihui Yao; Xubing Lu; Junbiao Peng
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2019 v.11 no.5 pp. 5193-5199
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; absorption; annealing; dielectric properties; electronics; gelation; gels; microstructure; polymerization; polymers; raw materials; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... We have successfully developed an ink system containing inexpensive raw materials through a simple process and have printed ZrOₓ dielectric film at a relatively low annealing temperature of 250 °C. The ZrOₓ dielectric film afforded a leakage current density of 5.4 × 10–⁶ A/cm² at 1 MV/cm and a dielectric constant of 10 and shows a promising future for flexible electronics. The ink system shows a t ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.8b14328

2. A convenient quantitative study of polymer mesophase induced by isothermal annealing

Author:
Yang Feng; Guangming Chen; Jianjun Wang
Source:
RSC advances 2013 v.3 no.31 pp. 12631-12634
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; absorptivity; annealing; polystyrenes; temperature
Abstract:
... A convenient quantitative study of a mesophase of syndiotactic polystyrene induced by isothermal annealing was carried out via FT-IR spectroscopy. The absorptivity ratio of mesophase to amorphous phase was found to be independent of annealing time, and varied with annealing temperature. The fraction of mesophase firstly increased with annealing time, then tended to reach a plateau. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ra41484a

3. A high-performance aromatic co-polyimide fiber: structure and property relationship during gradient thermal annealing

Author:
Xiaona Yan; Mengying Zhang; Shengli Qi; Guofeng Tian; Hongqing Niu; Dezhen Wu
Source:
Journal of materials science 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 2193-2207
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; glass transition temperature; heat treatment; modulus of rupture; nitrogen; spinning; thermal properties; thermogravimetry; weight loss
Abstract:
... A high-performance aromatic co-polyimide (co-PI) fiber was prepared by thermal treating the polyamic acid (PAA) precursor fiber produced through a wet spinning technique. A gradient thermal treatment protocol, which was selected based on the thermogravimetric analysis of PAA fibers, was employed for achieving the best structure and fiber performance. The structural and morphological variations of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-017-1552-1

4. A novel composite silver nanoparticles loaded calcium oxide stemming from egg shell recycling: A potent photocatalytic and antibacterial activities

Author:
Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi; Amr Mohamed Nassar; Tarek Ahmed Seaf Elnasr; Ben amar Cheba
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.248 pp. 119274
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gram-positive bacteria; X-ray diffraction; air; annealing; antibacterial properties; calcium oxide; catalysts; chickens; decolorization; drug resistance; dyeing; dyes; economic valuation; egg shell; energy; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; equations; fabrics; heat treatment; indigo carmine; industrial wastewater; industry; irradiation; models; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; nanosilver; oxalates; pH; photocatalysis; scanning electron microscopy; silver; solar radiation; temperature; transmittance; water reuse
Abstract:
... Industrial wastewater resulted from textile dyeing process is considered as a big environmental problem. Therefore, recycling of wastewater offers environmental and economic values specially if the materials used are resulted from recycling of other kinds of waste. From this point of view and for the first time this work deals with the study the wastewater recycling by calcium oxide resulted from ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119274

5. A novel strategy for the synthesis of sulfur-doped carbon nanotubes as a highly efficient Pt catalyst support toward the methanol oxidation reaction

Author:
Jing-Jing Fan; You-Jun Fan; Rui-Xiang Wang; Sheng Xiang; Hua-Guo Tang; Shi-Gang Sun
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2017 v.5 no.36 pp. 19467-19475
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; carbon nanotubes; catalysts; durability; electrochemistry; electron transfer; fuel cells; graphene; methanol; nanohybrids; nanoparticles; oxidation; platinum; sulfur; surface area; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Doped nanocarbon materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene) are considered as effective electrocatalyst supports for fuel cells, and their electrochemical properties are closely related to the synthetic methods and the types of doping elements. In the current paper, we report a novel approach to synthesize sulfur-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs) as a highly efficient support materi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ta05102f

6. A road to environmentally friendly materials chemistry: low-temperature synthesis of nanosized K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃ powders through peroxide intermediates in water

Author:
Gaj Stavber; Barbara Malič; Marija Kosec
Source:
Green chemistry 2011 v.13 no.5 pp. 1303-1310
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acetates; annealing; aqueous solutions; green chemistry; nanomaterials; nitrates; pH; particle size; powders; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... In the framework of research devoted to development of new synthetic methods for alkali niobates with emphasis on the principles of green chemistry, the first example of the efficient synthesis of K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃ powders from pure aqueous solution under normal reaction conditions is presented. Aqueous solutions of stable Nb(v)–peroxo–citrate at pH 8.50 or Nb(v)–peroxo–glycine at pH 5.50 chelate comp ...
DOI:
10.1039/c0gc00750a

7. Abiotic degradation of LDPE and LLDPE formulated with a pro-oxidant additive

Author:
Alejandro Benítez; Johan J. Sánchez; María L. Arnal; Alejandro J. Müller; Oliverio Rodríguez; Graciela Morales
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2013 v.98 no.2 pp. 490-501
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; air; annealing; crystal structure; differential scanning calorimetry; environmental degradation; exposure duration; fractionation; gel chromatography; mechanical properties; polyethylene; weathering
Abstract:
... This article investigates the influence of a pro-oxidant additive on the accelerated and environmental degradation of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Extruded cast films (100 μm) were prepared with various amounts of a pro-oxidant (a so-called “Oxo” additive) (0%, 1% and 2% w/w). The films were subjected to either environmental weathering or air oven ag ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.011

8. Adsorption of Ultrathin Ethylene Carbonate Films on Pristine and Lithiated Graphite and Their Interaction with Li

Author:
Maral Bozorgchenani; Florian Buchner; Katrin Forster-Tonigold; Jihyun Kim; Axel Groß; R. Jürgen Behm
Source:
Langmuir 2018 v.34 no.29 pp. 8451-8463
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; ambient temperature; annealing; density functional theory; desorption; electrolytes; graphene; lithium; lithium batteries; solvents
Abstract:
... Aiming at a better understanding of the solid–electrolyte interphase formation in Li-ion batteries, we have investigated the interaction of ultrathin films of ethylene carbonate (EC), which is a key solvent of battery electrolytes, with pristine and lithiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and with postdeposited Li. Employing X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy as well as F ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01054

9. Advantageous use of SSA technique to observe effects of thickness, antioxidant and oxygen in gamma irradiated low density polyethylene

Author:
C.J. Pérez; M.D. Failla; J.M. Carella
Source:
Thermochimica acta 2012 v.538 no. pp. 67-74
ISSN:
0040-6031
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; antioxidants; chemical structure; oxygen; polyethylene
Abstract:
... Information obtained from successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) technique is analyzed, paying special attention to the observable effects of samples thickness and antioxidant and oxygen concentrations. Molecular structure changes for low density polyethylene (LDPE) samples, irradiated under three different atmospheres for doses between 33 and 222kGy were analyzed, with emphasis on the cha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tca.2012.03.020

10. An impedimetric ammonia sensor based on nanostructured α-Fe₂O₃

Author:
Padmanathan Karthick Kannan; Ramiah Saraswathi
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2013 v.2 no.2 pp. 394-401
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
1-propanol; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; acetone; ammonia; annealing; atomic force microscopy; butanol; capacitance; combustion; crystal structure; ethanol; ferric oxide; methanol; vapors
Abstract:
... An impedimetric sensor has been developed for the detection of ammonia vapour using a highly crystalline α-Fe₂O₃ synthesized by a solution combustion method. The as-prepared α-Fe₂O₃ requires annealing at 600 °C for 2 h to obtain high crystallinity and good purity. The material is characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and AFM. AC impedance data reveal a systematic variation in charge transfer resistance ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ta13553e

11. Annealing behavior and thermal stability of nanoporous polymer films based on high-performance Cyanate Ester Resins

Author:
Kristina Gusakova; Jean-Marc Saiter; Olga Grigoryeva; Fabrice Gouanve; Alexander Fainleib; Olga Starostenko; Daniel Grande
Source:
Polymer Degradation and Stability 2015 v.120 pp. 402-409
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; desorption; films (materials); glass transition; glass transition temperature; polymers; resins; thermal stability; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... The present study discloses the annealing behavior and thermal stability of nanoporous film materials based on Cyanate Ester Resins (CERs) obtained by the chemically induced phase separation technique through the use of porogenic molecules of different sizes and concentrations. Measurements were performed by means of thermogravimetric analysis in dynamic and isothermal modes as well as by Fourier ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.009

12. Annealing effect on the structural, optical and thermoluminescent properties of ZnAl2O4:Cr3+

Author:
Geeta Rani
Source:
Powder technology 2017 v.312 pp. 354-359
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; aqueous solutions; chromium; crystal structure; crystallites; hot water treatment; ions; nanocrystals; optical properties; particle size; photoluminescence; powders; temperature; thermoluminescence; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; urea
Abstract:
... The nanocrystalline phosphor of ZnAl2O4:Cr³⁺ has been prepared by the hydrothermal method which utilizes the adjournment of cationic precursors in a urea aqueous solution. The as-prepared sample was annealed at different temperatures and the effect of thermal annealing with Cr³⁺ impurity ions on the structural, optical and thermoluminescence properties of the obtained samples was investigated. X-r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.040

13. Annealing effects on the structural and dielectric properties of (Nb + In) co-doped rutile TiO₂ ceramics

Author:
Lanling Zhao; Jun Wang; Zhigang Gai; Jichao Li; Jian Liu; Jiyang Wang; Chunlei Wang; Xiaolin Wang
Source:
RSC advances 2019 v.9 no.15 pp. 8364-8368
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; air; annealing; ceramics; density functional theory; dielectric permittivity; dielectric properties; oxygen; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... Density functional theory calculations were conducted to investigate the electronic structures of rutile Ti₁₆O₃₂, Ti₁₃Nb₂InO₃₂, and Ti₁₃Nb₂InO₃₁ systems. High density (Nb + In) co-doped rutile TiO₂ ceramics were successfully prepared by one modified solid state method. XRD, XPS, Raman scattering and FT-IR measurements were performed to investigate the structural properties of the (Nb + In) co-dope ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ra00564a

14. Annealing of silica to reduce the concentration of isolated silanols and peak tailing in reverse phase liquid chromatography

Author:
Josh J. Newby; Michael A. Legg; Benjamin Rogers; Mary J. Wirth
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2011 v.1218 no.31 pp. 5131-5135
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorption; annealing; heat treatment; hydrogen bonding; lysozyme; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; silica; surface roughness; temperature; topography
Abstract:
... Non-porous, colloidal silica particles were annealed at three different temperatures, 800, 900 and 1050°C. The adsorption of lysozyme, a probe of surface roughness, was consistent with progressively reduced surface roughness as temperature increased. The heat treated silica particles were rehydroxylated and then used to pack UHPLC columns. The cationic protein lysozyme was used to probe silanol ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.080

15. Annealing of silicon carbonitride nanostructured thin films: interdependency of hydrogen content, optical, and structural properties

Author:
Z. Khatami; C. Nowikow; J. Wojcik; P. Mascher
Source:
Journal of materials science 2018 v.53 no.2 pp. 1497-1513
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; chemical bonding; coatings; desorption; hydrogen; photovoltaic cells; quantitative analysis; refractive index; silicon; silicon carbide; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; vapors
Abstract:
... Silicon carbonitride (SiCₓNy) materials, inspired by their outstanding multifunctional properties, are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields, including as next generation solar cells and hard coatings. Hydrogenated SiCₓNy thin films, along with binary submatrices of stoichiometric SiC and SiN₃ as a reference, were deposited using electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemic ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-017-1576-6

16. Application of FTIR spectra for evaluating interfacial reactions in metal matrix composites

Author:
Kúdela, S. Jr.; Oswald, S.; Kúdela, S.; Wetzig, K.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2008 v.390 no.6 pp. 1477-1486
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorption; alloys; annealing; bromine; ions; lithium; melting
Abstract:
... Manufacturing of Saffil/MgLi metal matrix composites by the melt infiltration process is accompanied by extensive interfacial redox reaction between δ-Al₂O₃ fibers (Saffil) and lithium. The present paper deals with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination of Saffil fibers isolated from Mg-8 wt% Li alloy by the bromine/methylacetate agent focusing on the insertion of Li⁺ ions into δ- ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-007-1820-z
PubMed:
18204998

17. Aqueous Synthesis of High-Quality Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals and Their Thermal Annealing Characteristics

Author:
Cameron Ritchie; Anthony S. R. Chesman; Mark Styles; Jacek J. Jasieniak; Paul Mulvaney
Source:
Langmuir 2018 v.34 no.4 pp. 1655-1665
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; additives; annealing; heat treatment; ligands; nanocrystals; sulfides; temperature; thiourea; tin; zinc
Abstract:
... Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanocrystal inks are promising candidates for the development of cheap, efficient, scalable, and nontoxic photovoltaic (PV) devices. However, optimization of the synthetic chemistry to achieve these goals remains a key challenge. Herein we describe a single-step, aqueous-based synthesis that yields high-quality CZTS nanocrystal inks while also minimizing residual org ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03885

18. Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of microporous silica membranes for gas separation

Author:
Hiroki Nagasawa; Yuta Yamamoto; Nobukazu Tsuda; Masakoto Kanezashi; Tomohisa Yoshioka; Toshinori Tsuru
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2017 v.524 pp. 644-651
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; annealing; argon (noble gases); artificial membranes; atmospheric pressure; carbon; carbon dioxide; nitrogen; oxygen; porous media; silica; temperature; vapors
Abstract:
... Microporous silica membranes with high permselectivity are fabricated by atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) using hexamethyldisiloxane as the precursor in plasma working gases of pure argon, and mixture of argon with oxygen or nitrogen. A silica membrane grown using plasma composed of a mixture of argon and nitrogen displays highly efficient gas separation, w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.067

19. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-Based Nanografting for the Study of Self-Assembled Monolayer Formation of Organophosphonic Acids on Al2O3 Single-Crystal Surfaces

Author:
Torun Boray; Ozkaya Berkem; Grundmeier Guido
Source:
Langmuir 2012 v.28 no.17 pp. 6919-6927
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acids; adsorption; aluminum oxide; annealing; atomic force microscopy; image analysis; wettability
Abstract:
... Adsorption, stability, and organization kinetics of organophosphonic acids on single-crystalline alumina surfaces were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based imaging, nanoshaving, and nanografting. AFM friction and phase imaging have shown that chemical etching and subsequent annealing led to heterogeneities on single-crystalline surfaces with (0001) orientation. Self-assembl ...
DOI:
10.1021/la300687y

20. Atomic Layer Deposited Molybdenum Nitride Thin Film: A Promising Anode Material for Li Ion Batteries

Author:
Nandi Dip K.; Sen Uttam K.; Choudhury Devika; Mitra Sagar; Sarkar Shaibal K.
Source:
ACS applied materials 2014 v.6 no.9 pp. 6606-6615
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; ammonia; annealing; anodes; batteries; carbon; chemistry; molybdenum; nitrides; quartz; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Molybdenum nitride (MoNₓ) thin films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)₆] and ammonia [NH₃] at varied temperatures. A relatively narrow ALD temperature window is observed. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements reveal the self-limiting growth nature of the deposition that is further verified with ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry a ...
DOI:
10.1021/am500285d

21. Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly beyond Hydrogen Bonding

Author:
Hagaman Daniel; Enright Timothy P.; Sidorenko Alexander
Source:
Macromolecules 2012 v.45 no.1 pp. 275-282
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; additives; annealing; atomic force microscopy; composite polymers; hydrogen bonding; molecular weight; periodicity; porosity; solvents; thiophene; vapors
Abstract:
... Supramolecular assemblies of block copolymers (BSAs) with low molecular weight additives require preferential interactions between the additive and one of the blocks. So far, only hydrogen bonds (HB) were explored to obtain BSAs. We report on three novel BSAs of block copolymer PS-block-P4VP with commercially valuable additives of the EDOT family. Two of the additives ((3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma2011798

22. Boron/phosphorus doping for retarding the oxidation of reduced graphene oxide

Author:
Bihe Yuan; Weiyi Xing; Yixin Hu; Xiaowei Mu; Junling Wang; Qilong Tai; Guojun Li; Lu Liu; Kim Meow Liew; Yuan Hu
Source:
Carbon 2016 v.101 pp. 152-158
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; active sites; annealing; boric acid; boron; gasification; graphene; graphene oxide; oxidation; oxidative stability; phosphoric acid; phosphorus; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; weight loss
Abstract:
... B, N- and P, N-doped reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are prepared through high temperature annealing method using boric acid and phosphoric acid as the B and P sources, respectively. The synthesized RGO and dual-doped RGO are well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.080

23. Broad red-emission of Sr₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂:Eu²⁺ garnet phosphors under blue excitation for warm WLED applications

Author:
Sk. Khaja Hussain; Jae Su Yu
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.22 pp. 13281-13288
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; color; europium; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; ions; light emitting diodes; mixing; photoluminescence; sol-gel processing; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; white light
Abstract:
... Eu²⁺ ions activated Sr₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂ (SYGO) phosphors were synthesized by an efficient pechini-type sol–gel method. X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and spectrofluorometry measurements were performed to characterize the prepared phosphor samples after annealing under thermal CO reducing atmosphere. The phosphors showed nearl ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra28069b

24. CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase CaI

Author:
Michael W. Ratzloff; Jacob H. Artz; David W. Mulder; Reuben T. Collins; Thomas E. Furtak; Paul W. King
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018 v.140 no.24 pp. 7623-7628
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Clostridium acetobutylicum; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; cysteine; geometry; hydrides; hydrogen; hydrogen production; isotopes; models; temperature
Abstract:
... The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H₂ases) catalyze reversible H₂ activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe–4S]H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe–2S] ([2Fe]H) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H₂ bond activation have been proposed. We have examined th ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.8b03072

25. Cellulose derived nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon-based catalysts for catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

Author:
Xiong Xie; Jie Shi; Yuan Pu; Zhiyong Wang; Liang-Liang Zhang; Jie-Xin Wang; Dan Wang
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2020 v.571 pp. 100-108
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ambient temperature; annealing; catalysts; catalytic activity; cellulose; chemical reduction; crystallites; density functional theory; diammonium phosphate; forest industries; freeze drying; hydrogels; nitrogen; p-nitrophenol; phosphorus; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; wastewater
Abstract:
... The cellulose, which is one of the most abundant solid by-products of agriculture and forestry industry, has been successfully tested for the synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon-based metal-free catalysts (NPC) via freeze-drying the mixture of cellulose crystallite and ammonium phosphate, followed by annealing of the hydrogel under nitrogen atmosphere at 800 °C for 2 h. Different ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.035

26. Ceramic coatings by ion irradiation of polycarbosilanes and polysiloxanes: Part I Conversion mechanism

Author:
J. C Pivin; P Colombo
Source:
Journal of materials science 1997 v.32 no.23 pp. 6163-6173
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; annealing; carbon monoxide; ceramics; coatings; energy; graphene; heat treatment; hydrogen; ions; irradiation; methane; polymers; silanes; temperature
Abstract:
... Changes of composition and structure of various types of polysiloxanes and polycarbosilanes when submitted to irradiation with ions of increasing mass, were analysed by means of several ion-beam analytical techniques, Raman and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopies. Ion irradiations is as efficient as annealing at temperatures above 1000°C for releasing hydrogen from these organic-inorganic po ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1018664406046

27. Characterization of thermally aged polyetheretherketone fibres – mechanical, thermal, rheological and chemical property changes

Author:
Ville Mylläri; Tero-Petri Ruoko; Jyrki Vuorinen; Helge Lemmetyinen
Source:
Polymer Degradation and Stability 2015 v.120 pp. 419-426
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; crosslinking; crystals; differential scanning calorimetry; glass transition temperature; melting point; reflectance spectroscopy; rheology; scanning electron microscopy; strength (mechanics); thermal degradation; thermal stability; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... This paper investigates the effects of thermal degradation on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fibres. PEEK samples were aged at a constant temperature of 250 °C for 1–128 days and characterized with mechanical tests, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), rheology, TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and UV–Vis diffuse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.003

28. Characterization of thermally annealed PEEK and CFR-PEEK composites: Structure-properties relationships

Author:
Marco Regis; Anuj Bellare; Tommaso Pascolini; Pierangiola Bracco
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2017 v.136 pp. 121-130
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; carbon fibers; crystal structure; differential scanning calorimetry; heat treatment; mechanical properties; modulus of elasticity; polymers; small-angle X-ray scattering; wide-angle X-ray scattering
Abstract:
... The structure-properties correlation of neat and carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) PEEK, subjected to thermal annealing, was investigated. The polymer and its composites (30% w/w carbon fibers, PAN or pitch based) underwent annealing treatments at 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 °C. The resulting morphology was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.005

29. Combined study of the effect of deposition temperature and post-deposition annealing on the photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots embedded in chlorinated silicon nitride thin films

Author:
M. A. Serrano-Núñez; A. Rodríguez-Gómez; L. Escobar-Alarcón; J. C. Alonso-Huitrón
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.81 pp. 77440-77451
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ammonia; annealing; chemical analysis; chemical composition; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; heat treatment; hydrogen; optical properties; oxidation; photoluminescence; quantum dots; scanning electron microscopy; silicon; silicon nitride; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; vapors
Abstract:
... Chlorinated-silicon nitride (SiNₓ:Cl) thin films with embedded silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) were grown by remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using SiH₂Cl₂, H₂, NH₃ and Ar at different deposition temperatures (DT) in the range of 50 to 350 °C and using steps of 50 °C. After that, each sample was subjected to annealing treatments at temperatures (AT) of 400, 700 and 1000 °C. The evolu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra15723h

30. Conformation-specific Self-assembly of Thermo-responsive Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polypeptide Diblock Copolymer

Author:
Shen Junyang; Chen Chongyi; Fu Wenxin; Shi Linqi; Li Zhibo
Source:
Langmuir 2013 v.29 no.21 pp. 6271-6278
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; aqueous solutions; composite polymers; electron microscopy; ethylene glycol; hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic bonding; hydrophobicity; micelles; polyethylene glycol; polymerization; temperature
Abstract:
... Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-(2-methoxyethoxy)esteryl-l-glutamate) (PEG-b-poly-l-EG₂Glu) was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-EG₂Glu N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) using PEG-NH₂ as macroinitiator. This diblock contained a thermo-responsive poly-l-EG₂Glu block, which adopted primarily helical conformation in pristine aqueous solution. We found that PEG-b-poly-l-EG₂Glu diblock ...
DOI:
10.1021/la401095s

31. Conformational Identification and Phase Transition Behavior of Poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate) α-Form Modification

Author:
Liang Yongri; Lee Han Sup
Source:
Macromolecules 2015 v.48 no.16 pp. 5697-5705
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; carbon dioxide; conformational isomers; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; oxygen; packaging; polyesters; small-angle X-ray scattering
Abstract:
... Poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PTN) is one of the 1,3-propanediol (PDO)-based aromatic polyesters which has potential applications for special barrier films and packaging due to its excellent oxygen and carbon dioxide gas barrier property. In this work, we investigated the chain conformation and phase transition behavior of poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalene) (PTN) α-form crystal with synchrot ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01087

32. Controllable synthesis and enhanced gas sensing properties of a single-crystalline WO₃–rGO porous nanocomposite

Author:
Qin Hao; Tie Liu; Jingyuan Liu; Qi Liu; Xiaoyan Jing; Hongquan Zhang; Guoqing Huang; Jun Wang
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.23 pp. 14192-14199
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; chemical composition; crystal structure; graphene; graphene oxide; nanocomposites; nitrogen dioxide; pollutants; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; tungsten oxide; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... In this paper, we report on a facile hydrothermal approach combined with a subsequent annealing process for the controllable synthesis of a single-crystalline WO₃–rGO porous nanocomposite. The crystal structure, morphology and chemical composition of the as-obtained product were well-characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier tra ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra28379a

33. Controlled cutting of single-walled carbon nanotubes and low temperature annealing

Author:
Fang Ren; Stacy A. Kanaan; Fatemeh Khalkhal; Codruta Zoican Loebick; Gary L. Haller; Lisa D. Pfefferle
Source:
Carbon 2013 v.63 no. pp. 61-70
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; annealing; carbon; carbon nanotubes; cutting; ethanol; grinding; oxidants; statistical analysis; temperature; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Many applications in nanotechnology require short and unentangled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Liquid-phase oxidative cutting gives nonuniform short tubes and causes significant material loss. Mechanical cutting is good for shortening SWCNT, but it leaves collapsed tube ends and might not be favorable for further manipulation. Solid-state reaction cutting is better for multi-walled carb ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.039

34. Controlled release of thiram pesticide from poly (L-lactic acid) nanofibers

Author:
Behnad Roshani; Hossein Tavanai; Mohammad Morshed; Jahangir Khajehali
Source:
The journal of the Textile Institute 2017 v.108 no.9 pp. 1504-1509
ISSN:
1754-2340
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; cost effectiveness; fabrics; fungi; nanofibers; polylactic acid; scanning electron microscopy; thiram
Abstract:
... Controlled release of pesticides is eco-friendly and cost-effective. Thiram is a pesticide for fighting fungi and protection of cultivated products. This research aimed at controlled release of thiram pesticide from Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous matrix. Solutions of PLLA (9% w/v) in chloroform-methanol (80–20 v/v) containing 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w) thiram relative to the PLLA were e ...
DOI:
10.1080/00405000.2016.1258950

35. Correlation between in Situ Diagnostics of the Hydrogen Plasma and the Interface Passivation Quality of Hydrogen Plasma Post-Treated a-Si:H in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Author:
Anishkumar Soman; Ugochukwu Nsofor; Ujjwal Das; Tingyi Gu; Steven Hegedus
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2019 v.11 no.17 pp. 16181-16190
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; annealing; diagnostic techniques; hydrogen; microstructure; nanocrystals; silicon; solar cells; wafers
Abstract:
... Passivation of the interface defect states is crucial to mitigate the recombination losses in silicon solar cells. In this work, we have investigated the role of hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT) to passivate the interfacial defects between crystalline (c-Si) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. For the first time, we have found a correlation betwe ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.9b01686

36. Crystal structure and photocatalytic properties of titanate nanotubes prepared by chemical processing and subsequent annealing

Author:
Saima Ali; Henrika Granbohm; Yanling Ge; Vivek Kumar Singh; Frans Nilsén; Simo-Pekka Hannula
Source:
Journal of materials science 2016 v.51 no.15 pp. 7322-7335
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; aqueous solutions; crystal structure; decolorization; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; heat; hydrochloric acid; methylene blue; nanoparticles; nanorods; nanotubes; photocatalysis; processing chemistry; sodium; sodium hydroxide; sol-gel processing; surface area; temperature; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet radiation; washing
Abstract:
... Anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized from sol–gel processing, and they were used as a precursor for titanate nanotubes (TNT) formation. TNT were synthesized under reflux heating of anatase TiO₂ in concentrated NaOH solution followed by repeated washing with distilled water and 0.1 M HCl. The nanotubular structure was preserved till 450 °C, above which nanorod formation started. The as-synth ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-016-0014-5

37. Crystal-to-Crystal Transition and the Structure Development of Electrospun Poly(ethylene 2,6 naphthalate) (PEN) Nanofibers from Solution

Author:
Murat Yaman; Ping Lu; Nadarajah Vasanthan
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2019 v.123 no.27 pp. 5954-5961
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; annealing; cold; crystal structure; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; evaporation; nanofibers; scanning electron microscopy; solvents; spectral analysis; spinning; temperature
Abstract:
... Poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) nanofiber membranes were prepared using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent. Crystallization and conformation of PEN nanofibers were characterized for the first time by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. SEM micrographs revealed that the size and ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04278

38. Defects in Oxygen-Depleted Titanate Nanostructures

Author:
Vittadini Andrea; Schirmer Michael; Walz Marie-Madeleine; Vollnhals Florian; Lukasczyk Thomas; Steinrück Hans-Peter; Marbach Hubertus; Riss Alexander; Elser Michael J.; Schürer Benedikt; Diwald Oliver
Source:
Langmuir 2012 v.28 no.20 pp. 7851-7858
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; cations; nanowires; oxygen; prediction; scanning electron microscopy; sodium
Abstract:
... The identification of defects and their controlled generation in titanate nanostructures is a key to their successful application in photoelectronic devices. We comprehensively explored the effect of vacuum annealing on morphology and composition of Na₂Ti₃O₇ nanowires and protonated H₂Ti₃O₇ nanoscrolls using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, Auger and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR ...
DOI:
10.1021/la301129v

39. Development of liquid repellent coating on cotton fabric by simple binary silanization with excellent self-cleaning and oil-water separation properties

Author:
Anita Panda; Priya Varshney; Soumya S. Mohapatra; Aditya Kumar
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2018 v.181 pp. 1052-1060
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; coatings; contact angle; cotton fabric; detergents; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; ethylene glycol; glycerol; hydrophobicity; industrial applications; liquids; moieties; pH; petroleum; scanning electron microscopes; silane; solvents; temperature; thermal stability; ultrasonic treatment; ultraviolet radiation; wettability
Abstract:
... This paper aims to develop a facile and single step method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic coating on cotton fabric. The coating has been prepared by using two silane trichloro(octadecyl)silane and (pentaflurophenyl)triethoxy silane by solution immersion technique. The wettability, surface topography and chemical compostion of the cotton fabric before and after treatment were charecterized ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.044

40. Development of polypropylene microporous hydrophilic membranes by blending with PP-g-MA and PP-g-AA

Author:
Amir Saffar; Pierre J. Carreau; Abdellah Ajji; Musa R. Kamal
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2014 v.462 pp. 50-61
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; acrylic acid; annealing; crystal structure; maleic anhydrides; melting; microporous membranes; mixing; oxygen; permeability; polypropylenes; porosimetry; porosity; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; tensile strength; water vapor
Abstract:
... Cast films based on polypropylene (PP) blended with commercial maleic anhydride or acrylic acid grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA and PP-g-MA) at different weight ratios were prepared by melt extrusion. These films were used to produce hydrophilic microporous membranes. The membranes were prepared by annealing at elevated temperatures followed by cold and hot stretching, respectively. DSC, FTIR and S ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2014.03.024

41. Direct Imprinting of Liquid Silicon

Author:
Masuda Takashi; Takagishi Hideyuki; Yamazaki Ken; Shimoda Tatsuya
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 v.8 no.15 pp. 9969-9976
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; crosslinking; electronics; gases; manufacturing; polymers; shrinkage; silicon; solidification; temperature; thermal analysis
Abstract:
... A polymeric precursor solution for semiconducting silicon called “liquid silicon” was synthesized and directly imprinted to form well-defined and fine amorphous silicon patterns. The spin-coated film was cured and imprinted followed by annealing at 380 °C to complete the polymer-to-silicon conversion. A pattern with dimensions of several hundreds of nanometers or less was obtained on a substrate. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.6b01617

42. Direct fabrication of La0.7Sr 0.3FeO 3 nanofibers with tunable hollow structures by electrospinning and their gas sensing properties

Author:
Peng-Jun Yao; Jing Wang; Qiao Qiao; Hai-ying Du
Source:
Journal of materials science 2015 v.50 no.3 pp. 1338-1349
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
nanofibers; annealing; X-ray diffraction; thermogravimetry; nitrogen; iron; strontium; scanning electron microscopy; nitrates; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy; temperature; formaldehyde
Abstract:
... La₀.₇Sr₀.₃FeO₃nanofibers with tunable hollow structures are prepared by a facile single capillary electrospinning and annealing process. The hollow nanofibers are characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen physisorption isotherms. The tu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-014-8694-1

43. Dopant-free oxygen-rich titanium dioxide: LED light-induced photocatalysis and mechanism insight

Author:
Jun Yan Tai; Kah Hon Leong; Pichiah Saravanan; Azrina Abd Aziz; Lan Ching Sim
Source:
Journal of materials science 2017 v.52 no.19 pp. 11630-11642
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; absorption; annealing; hydroxyl radicals; methylene blue; oxygen; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; superoxide anion; temperature; texture; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... In this work, we successfully synthesized visible light-responsive oxygen-rich titanium dioxide (O₂–TiO₂) photocatalysts. Through hydrothermal decomposition of peroxo-titania complex, the in situ generation of oxygen significantly shifted the light absorption toward visible region. The existence and contribution of oxygen excess defect present in O₂–TiO₂ was confirmed through FTIR and XPS analysis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-017-1334-9

44. Economic procedure for facile and eco-friendly reduction of graphene oxide by plant extracts; a comparison and property investigation

Author:
Hossein Khojasteh; Hamed Safajou; Sobhan Mortazavi-Derazkola; Masoud Salavati-Niasari; Kamran Heydaryan; Morteza Yazdani
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.229 pp. 1139-1147
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Mentha; Raman spectroscopy; Tribulus terrestris; X-ray diffraction; annealing; antioxidant activity; desalination; electronics; energy; graphene; graphene oxide; humans; industry; inhibitory concentration 50; ions; iron; medicine; mint; nanocomposites; oxidants; oxygen; plant extracts; prices; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; toxicity; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Hummer’s method which uses concentrated acid and oxidant agents, still is the most productive procedure for production of graphene oxide (GO). However, the reduction of the prepared GO sheets to the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is the main problem for practical applications. However, the main problem is that prepared GO needs to reduce to graphene for practical applications. Some of the industries ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.350

45. Effect of CdS nanocrystals on the photoluminescence of Eu³⁺-doped silicophosphate sol gel glass

Author:
F. Ben Slimen; Z. Zaaboub; M. Haouari; N. Bel Haj Mohamed; H. Ben Ouada; S. Chaussedent; N. Gaumer
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.24 pp. 14552-14561
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; energy transfer; europium; gels; glass; ions; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; phosphorus; photoluminescence; quantum dots; silicates; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... In this work, we investigate the effect of co-doping with CdS nanoparticles on the photoluminescence properties of Eu³⁺ doped silicophosphate glass prepared via the sol gel method. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the insertion of phosphorus within the silicate network. XRD and TEM analyses revealed the presence of CdS nanoparticles dispersed in the glass matrix. Based on the optical study an ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ra01313b

46. Effect of N-doping on the photocatalytic activity of sol–gel TiO₂

Author:
Nicholas T. Nolan; Damian W. Synnott; Michael K. Seery; Steven J. Hinder; Axel Van Wassenhoven; Suresh C. Pillai
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2012 v.211-212 no. pp. 88-94
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
annealing; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; solar radiation; chelating agents; nitrogen; absorption; methylene blue; titanium dioxide; differential scanning calorimetry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; temperature; photocatalysts; sol-gel processing
Abstract:
... In order to study the visible light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen doped titanium dioxide, the interaction between nitrogen dopant sources and titania precursors during sol–gel synthesis is investigated. N–TiO₂ was synthesised using the sol–gel method using 1,3-diaminopropane as a nitrogen source. Samples were annealed several temperatures and the percentage of rutile present determined by X- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.074

47. Effect of PVDF characteristics on extruded film morphology and porous membranes feasibility by stretching

Author:
Sadeghi, F.; Tabatabaei, S.H.; Ajji, A.; Carreau, P.J.
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2009 v.47 no.12 pp. 1219-1229
ISSN:
0887-6266
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; cold; crystal structure; crystallization; extrusion; melting; mixing; molecular weight; permeability; polymers; resins; rheology; water vapor
Abstract:
... Three different polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resins were selected to develop porous membranes through melt extrusion and stretching. The effect of the polymer rheology on chain elongation in the melt state was studied. The possibility of generating a row-nucleated lamellar crystallization for precursor films was investigated. The arrangement and orientation of the crystalline phase were examined ...
DOI:
10.1002/polb.21725

48. Effect of Thermal History on the Microstructure of a Poly(tetramethylene oxide)-Based Polyurea

Author:
Castagna Alicia M.; Pangon Autchara; Dillon Gregory P.; Runt James
Source:
Macromolecules 2013 v.46 no.16 pp. 6520-6527
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray scattering; annealing; atomic force microscopy; heat; microstructure; nanomaterials; polymers; temperature; thermal analysis
Abstract:
... The role of thermal history on the nanoscale segregated structure of a bulk polymerized polyurea containing oligomeric poly(tetramethylene oxide) soft segments is investigated in the present study. Temperature-dependent unlike segment demixing was explored in two series of experiments: at constant heating (and cooling) rate and on annealing at selected elevated temperatures. Tapping mode atomic fo ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma400856w

49. Effect of casting solvent and annealing temperature on recast Nafion membranes for vanadium redox flow battery

Author:
Jicui Dai; Xiangguo Teng; Yiqiao Song; Jing Ren
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2017 v.522 pp. 56-67
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; annealing; artificial membranes; batteries; dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethylformamide; ethanol; mechanical properties; microstructure; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; permeability; scanning electron microscopes; scanning electron microscopy; solvents; temperature; vanadium
Abstract:
... The effect of casting solvent and annealing temperature on microstructure, proton conductivity, vanadium permeability, mechanical properties as well as single cell performances of recast Nafion membranes for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) are conducted experimentally. Membranes are prepared from NMP (N-methly-2-pyrrolidone), DMF(dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and EtOH (ethanol/wa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.014

50. Effect of crystal form and particle size of titanium dioxide on the photodegradation behaviour of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/low density polyethylene composite

Author:
Zhongyang Liu; Jing Jin; Shuangjun Chen; Jun Zhang
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2011 v.96 no.1 pp. 43-50
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acetates; annealing; color; composite polymers; correlation; crystal structure; crystallization; crystals; differential scanning calorimetry; mechanical properties; nanocomposites; particle size; photolysis; photostability; polyethylene; thermogravimetry; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... The photodegradation behaviour of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) composite containing four different types of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was investigated through colour difference, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests. The results showed that the performanc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.010

51. Effect of guanidinium chloride in eliminating O₂⁻ electron extraction barrier on a SnO₂ surface to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells

Author:
Miao Yu; Lijia Chen; Guannan Li; Cunyun Xu; Chuanyao Luo; Meng Wang; Gang Wang; Yanqing Yao; Liping Liao; Sam Zhang; Qunliang Song
Source:
RSC advances 2020 v.10 no.33 pp. 19513-19520
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; annealing; chlorides; electron transfer; energy; guanidinium; nanoparticles; oxygen; solar cells; superoxide anion; tin dioxide
Abstract:
... Owing to their low cost, easy fabrication and excellent chemical stability properties, tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles have been widely employed as an electron transfer material in many high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). However, the adsorbed oxygen species (i.e. O₂⁻) on the surface of the SnO₂ layer, which are induced by the annealing process under ambient environment, have always b ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra01501f

52. Effect of inner oxygen on the interfacial layer formation for HfO2 gate dielectric

Author:
Ran Jiang; E. Q. Xie; Z. F. Wang
Source:
Journal of materials science 2007 v.42 no.17 pp. 7343-7347
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; energy; oxidation; oxygen; silica; silicon; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The interfacial layer (IL) formed at the HfO₂/Si interface was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Differently with the previous reports, it is concluded that the inner oxygen from bulk film predominates the oxidation process in interface region rather than the oxygen introduced f ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-007-1584-z

53. Effect of organic montmorillonite on cold crystallization and hydrolytic degradation of poly(l-lactide)

Author:
Haiming Chen; Jingwei Chen; Jie Chen; Jinghui Yang; Ting Huang; Nan Zhang; Yong Wang
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2012 v.97 no.11 pp. 2273-2283
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; cold; crystal structure; crystallites; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; heat; hydrophilicity; microstructure; montmorillonite; nanocomposites
Abstract:
... The effect of organic montmorillonite (OMMT) on cold crystallization of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) in different conditions including during the DSC heating process and during the annealing treatment was evaluated. The variations of crystalline structure of PLLA in different samples were comparatively investigated by using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.07.037

54. Effect of single and dual-modifications on stability and structural characteristics of foxtail millet starch

Author:
Ayenampudi Surendra Babu; Rangarajan Jagan Mohan; Ramanathan Parimalavalli
Source:
Food chemistry 2019 v.271 pp. 457-465
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Setaria italica; amylose; annealing; freeze-thaw cycles; gels; modified starch; resistant starch; sonication; texture; viscosity
Abstract:
... Foxtail millet starch was modified by annealing (AS), ultra-sonication (US) and a combination of the two treatments (annealing and ultra-sonication (AUS) or ultra-sonication and annealing (UAS)) and they were characterized. Compared to the native starch (NS), modified starches particularly UAS contained the highest amylose (27.96%). Ultra-sonication prior to annealing had a predominant effect on r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.197

55. Effects of annealing above Tg on the physical aging of quenched PLLA studied by modulated temperature FTIR

Author:
Valerio Di Lisio; Elisa Sturabotti; Iolanda Francolini; Antonella Piozzi; Andrea Martinelli
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2019 v.57 no.3 pp. 174-181
ISSN:
0887-6266
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; glass transition temperature; liquids; polymers; vitrification
Abstract:
... The effect of the annealing few degrees above the glass transition temperature (Tdₐ = 62 °C) on the physical aging (Tₚₐ = 51 °C) of amorphous quenched poly(l‐lactide) is investigated by an implementation of variable temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). By using a temperature program composed of a linear heating ramp superimposed to a temperature modulation (modulated temperature FTIR), t ...
DOI:
10.1002/polb.24769

56. Effects of annealing ambient on the photoluminescence properties of Si-rich oxide/SiO2 multilayer films containing Si-nanocrystals

Author:
Xinzhan Wang; Xiang Yu; Wei Yu; Huina Feng; Jin Wang; Chenchen Yin; Wanbing Lu; Guangsheng Fu
Source:
Journal of materials science 2014 v.49 no.3 pp. 1353-1358
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; energy; hydrogen; nitrogen; photoluminescence; separation; silica; silicon; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... In this study, Si-nanocrystals (Si-NCs) have been prepared by annealing Si-rich oxide (SRO)/SiO₂multilayer films in Ar and N₂, and the effects of annealing ambient on the photoluminescence (PL) properties are studied. XPS results show that the chemical compositions for the SRO and SiO₂layers are SiO₁.₁and SiO₂, respectively. FTIR results show that phase separation between Si and SiO₂occurs after a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-013-7819-2

57. Effects of annealing temperature on the optical, bonding, structural and electrical properties of nitrogenated amorphous carbon thin films grown by surface wave microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Author:
M. Rusop; A. M. M. Omer; S. Adhikari; S. Adhikary; H. Uchida; T. Soga; T. Jimbo; M. Umeno
Source:
Journal of materials science 2006 v.41 no.2 pp. 537-547
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; absorption; alcohols; ambient temperature; annealing; camphor; carbon; electrical properties; quartz; vapors
Abstract:
... We have studied the effects of annealing temperature (AT) on the properties of nitrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:N) films grown at room temperature (RT) on quartz substrates by surface wave microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (SWMP-CVD) using camphor alcohol gas as carbon plasma sources. The thickness, optical, bonding, structural and electrical properties of the as-grown (RT) and anneal-t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-005-2635-y

58. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the ordered structure including double helices and V-type single helices of rice starch

Author:
Chao Wang; Yong Xue; Laraib Yousaf; Jinrong Hu; Qun Shen
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2020 v.144 pp. 1034-1042
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; crystal structure; differential scanning calorimetry; gelatinization; heat; heat treatment; high pressure treatment; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; rice starch; stable isotopes; starch
Abstract:
... This study mainly aimed to investigate the influents of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the ordered structures of starch, for this purpose, we compared the ordered structure of rice starch treated by HHP and heat, including long- and short-range ordered structures and thermodynamic properties at similar levels of gelatinization degree (DG). X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.180

59. Effects of the graphene content and the treatment temperature on the supercapacitive properties of VOx/graphene nanocomposites

Author:
Hongling Li; Jiao Wei; Yanan Qian; Jianling Zhang; Jian Yu; Guosheng Wang; Guangwen Xu
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2014 v.449 pp. 148-156
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; capacitance; dielectric spectroscopy; electrochemistry; electrodes; energy; graphene; heat treatment; microstructure; nanocomposites; nanosheets; oxides; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; vanadium
Abstract:
... The vanadium oxides (VOx)/graphene hybrid materials constructed from 2D graphene nanosheets (GNS) and VOx are successfully prepared by a simple two-step procedure including solvothermal method and subsequent thermal treatment. Effects of the GNS content and the annealing temperature on the microstructure and morphology of as-obtained composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.001

60. Electrochemically synthesized tungsten trioxide nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting: Influence of heat treatment on physicochemical properties, photocurrent densities and electron shuttling

Author:
Tao Zhu; Meng Nan Chong; Yi Wen Phuan; Eng-Seng Chan
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2015 v.484 pp. 297-303
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; crystallites; dielectric spectroscopy; electrochemistry; electrodes; heat treatment; image analysis; nanomaterials; phase transition; physicochemical properties; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; thermodynamics; tungsten oxide
Abstract:
... The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of heat treatment on the physicochemical properties, photocurrent densities and capacity for electron shuttling of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films prepared via an electrochemical deposition method. The as-deposited amorphous WO3 films were further subjected to heat treatment at various annealing temperatures to transf ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.08.016

61. Electronic structure and luminescence assets in white-light emitting Ca₂V₂O₇, Sr₂V₂O₇ and Ba₂V₂O₇ pyro-vanadates: X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations

Author:
Aditya Sharma; Mayora Varshney; Keun-Hwa Chae; Sung Ok Won
Source:
RSC advances 2018 v.8 no.46 pp. 26423-26431
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; absorption; annealing; assets; barium; calcium; chemical precipitation; crystal structure; energy; geometry; metal ions; optical properties; photoluminescence; rare earth elements; scanning electron microscopy; strontium; white light
Abstract:
... Ca₂V₂O₇, Sr₂V₂O₇, and Ba₂V₂O₇ pyro-vanadates were synthesized using a modified chemical precipitation method and annealing. Detailed crystal structure, morphology, electronic structure and optical properties were investigated by XRD, UV-visible absorption, FTIR, Raman, FE-SEM, XANES, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Rietveld refinement on the XRD patterns of Ca₂V₂O₇, Sr₂V₂O₇, and Ba₂V₂O₇ has co ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ra03347a

62. Elucidating the Surface Reaction Mechanisms During Atomic Layer Deposition of LixAlySizO by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Author:
Cho Jea; Kim Taeseung; Seegmiller Trevor; Chang Jane P.
Source:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016 v.120 no.22 pp. 11837-11846
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; activation energy; aluminum; aluminum oxide; annealing; lithium; nitrogen; physical chemistry; reaction mechanisms; silica; silicates; silicon
Abstract:
... Reaction mechanisms in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of LiₓAlySizO (LASO) using a LiOC(CH₃)₃/H₂O–Al(CH₃)₃/H₂O–Si(OCH₂CH₃)₄/H₂O chemistry were studied via in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at 225 °C. ALD deposition of Al₂O₃ using an Al(CH₃)₃/H₂O chemistry and LiOH using a LiOC(CH₃)₃/H₂O chemistry demonstrated ideal ALD growth. ALD deposition of SiO₂ alone by Si(OCH₂CH₃)₄/H₂ ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b09212

63. Enhanced Cross-Linked Density by Annealing on Fluorinated Polymers Synthesized via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition To Prevent Surface Reconstruction

Author:
Yagüe Jose Luis; Gleason Karen K.
Source:
Macromolecules 2013 v.46 no.16 pp. 6548-6554
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; atomic force microscopy; composite polymers; contact angle; crosslinking; fluorocarbon polymers; hysteresis; mineral oil; physicochemical properties; solvents; vapors
Abstract:
... Thin films of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate copolymerized with the cross-linker divinylbenzene (p(PFDA-co-DVB)) were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The vapor deposited approach is significant as the fluorinated monomer and hydrocarbon cross-linker lack a common solvent. Changes in physical and chemical properties in the copolymers before and after an annealing tr ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma4010633

64. Enhanced Thermal Protection of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle by Insulating Nanoporous Char Layer: Effect of Core Size and Char Layer Properties

Author:
C. Anushree; D. Nanda Gopala Krishna; B. B. Lahiri; John Philip
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2020 v.124 no.10 pp. 5702-5714
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; carboxymethylcellulose; insulating materials; iron; magnetite; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; nanopores; particle size; physical chemistry; temperature; theoretical models; thermal degradation; thermal stability; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... We report an enhanced thermal insulation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle by nanoporous char layer formed during thermal decomposition of Fe₃O₄@carboxymethyl cellulose. The role of char layer properties, decomposition pathways at different Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratio, and the initial core size on thermal stability are evaluated using XRD, HRTEM, SAXS, TGA, FTIR, XPS, and laser Raman scattering. In situ high temperature ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11660

65. Enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) yields and antibacterial activity of spongy ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ hybrid micro-hexahedra selectively synthesized through a versatile glucose-engineered co-precipitation/annealing process

Author:
Guoxiu Tong; Fangfang Du; Wenhua Wu; Ruonan Wu; Fangting Liu; Yan Liang
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry B 2013 v.1 no.20 pp. 2647-2657
ISSN:
2050-7518
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; absorption; adenosine triphosphate; annealing; antibacterial properties; coprecipitation; ferric oxide; iron; light; oxalates; oxidative stress; probability; reactive oxygen species; scanning electron microscopy; surface area; temperature; texture; thermal degradation; transmission electron microscopy; zinc; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... In this study, sponge-like ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ hybrid micro-hexahedra with diverse textures and compositions were fabricated by the thermal decomposition of hexahedral zinc/iron oxalate precursors, starting from a glucose-engineered co-precipitation process. The resulting ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ micro-hexahedra were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, sca ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3tb20229a

66. Evidence of Ion-Beam-Induced Annealing in Graphene Oxide Films Using in Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Spectroscopy Techniques

Author:
Chetna Tyagi; S. A. Khan; Indra Sulania; R. Meena; D. K. Avasthi; Ambuj Tripathi
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2018 v.122 no.17 pp. 9632-9640
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; carbon nanotubes; crystal structure; fullerene; gold; graphene; graphene oxide; ions; irradiation
Abstract:
... Ion beam irradiation is one of the methods to tune the properties of graphene oxide (GO) by modifying the ratio of sp² and sp³ hybridization. However, the inherent defects present in GO during its synthesis deteriorate its properties (e.g., reduction efficiency) and are difficult to remove. We have earlier demonstrated the annealing of defects in carbon nanostructures (fullerene, carbon nanotube, ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10699

67. Experimental and Theoretical Infrared Signatures of REMO3 (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and M = Co, Fe) Perovskites

Author:
Emile Haye; Erwan Andre; Fabien Capon; Silvère Barrat; Marco De La Pierre; Roberto Dovesi; Cedric Carteret
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2018 v.122 no.19 pp. 10519-10525
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; air; annealing; cobalt; density functional theory; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; geometry; iron; physical chemistry
Abstract:
... The aim of this work is to investigate the consequences of lattice distortion on the vibrational features of rare-earth perovskites. To this end, a series of REMO₃ compounds has been synthesized with different rare earths (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm) and different transition metals (M = Fe, Co) to evaluate their respective role on lattice distortion. Thin films of these materials have been deposited by m ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01433

68. Fabrication and characterization of novel lignocellulosic biomass tailored Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites: influence of annealing temperature and chlorazol black E sequestration

Author:
Md. Juned K. Ahmed; M. Ahmaruzzaman
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.130 pp. 107466-107473
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Carica papaya; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; adsorption; annealing; biomass; chemical precipitation; crystal structure; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; hydrogen bonding; iron oxides; leaves; lignocellulose; magnetic properties; nanocomposites; nitrogen; particle size; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; wastes
Abstract:
... This study discusses the prospect of using a waste biomass material in the development of novel technological materials for sustainable environmental applications. Novel iron oxide nanocomposites (IONCs) were fabricated using a waste lignocellulosic biomass (LB) material (papaya leaves) by employing the chemical precipitation technique. The IONCs were subjected to annealing temperatures of 353, 57 ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra20605g

69. Fabrication and optical study of dye doped TiO₂–SiO₂ multilayer colloidal structures

Author:
Naresh Dhiman; B.P. Singh; Arvind K. Gathania
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2012 v.409 no. pp. 69-73
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; annealing; chemical bonding; colloids; energy; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; optical properties; scanning electron microscopy; silica; temperature; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Multilayer colloidal structures of TiO₂ coated silica microspheres have been synthesized by using self-assembly vertical deposition technique and optical properties of these structures were also investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Morphology, elemental distribution and chemical bonding information is analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (E ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.004

70. Fabrication of 3D Hierarchical MoS2/Polyaniline and MoS2/C Architectures for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Author:
Hu Lianren; Ren Yumei; Yang Hongxia; Xu Qun
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2014 v.6 no.16 pp. 14644-14652
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; anodes; carbon; crystal structure; electrochemistry; lithium batteries; nanoflowers; nanosheets; nitrogen; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... In this work, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical MoS₂/polyaniline (PANI) nanoflowers were successfully fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method. The crystal structure and morphology of the MoS₂/PANI nanoflowers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR spectra, revealing that the nanoflowers were composed of ultrathin nanoplates which consisted of few-layered MoS₂ nanosheets with enl ...
DOI:
10.1021/am503995s

71. Fabrication of carboxyl and amino functionalized carbonaceous microspheres and their enhanced adsorption behaviors of U(VI)

Author:
Lei Li; Shuyi Huang; Tao Wen; Ran Ma; Ling Yin; Jiaxing Li; Zhongshan Chen; Tasawar Hayat; Baowei Hu; Xiangke Wang
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2019 v.543 pp. 225-236
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; annealing; engineering; ionic strength; microparticles; moieties; pH; polymerization; porosity; remediation; sorption isotherms; surface area; temperature; uranium; water pollution
Abstract:
... Design and fabrication of materials with abundant functional groups represent an important and promising direction in the remediation of aqueous contaminants. In recent years, carbon-based materials have drawn widespread concern on account of their low cost, large specific surface area, good chemical stability as well as controllable porosity. The U(VI) binding onto raw carbon-based materials is s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.060

72. Facile and Environmentally Friendly Solution-Processed Aluminum Oxide Dielectric for Low-Temperature, High-Performance Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

Author:
Xu Wangying; Wang Han; Xie Fangyan; Chen Jian; Cao Hongtao; Xu Jian-Bin
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015 v.7 no.10 pp. 5803-5810
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; aluminum oxide; annealing; atomic force microscopy; dielectric spectroscopy; dielectrics; differential scanning calorimetry; electric power; electronics; nitrates; temperature; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... We developed a facile and environmentally friendly solution-processed method for aluminum oxide (AlOₓ) dielectrics. The formation and properties of AlOₓ thin films under various annealing temperatures were intensively investigated by thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated ...
DOI:
10.1021/am508775c

73. Facile fabrication of NiOxHy films and their unique electrochromic properties

Author:
Fang Liu; Xin Zhang; Kang-Wei Zhu; Yu Song; Zhen-Hua Shi; Bo-Xue Feng
Source:
Journal of materials science 2009 v.44 no.22 pp. 6028-6034
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; absorbance; annealing; atomic force microscopy; color; crystallization; differential thermal analysis; films (materials); nickel; nickel oxide; organic matter; reflectance; scanning electron microscopy; sol-gel processing; temperature; thermogravimetry; transmittance; xerogels
Abstract:
... The electrochromic (EC) NiOₓHy films were fabricated through a facile sol–gel method. The formation of high quality NiOₓHy films came from adding the xerogel back into the sol and prolonging the annealing time at gradually increasing temperature up to 250 °C. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterizations indicated films were compact, homogenous, and smooth. Glance angl ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-009-3816-x

74. Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic microporous membranes by spray-coating ytterbium oxide particles for efficient oil-water separation

Author:
Asif Matin; Umair Baig; M.A. Gondal; Sultan Akhtar; S.M. Zubair
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2018 v.548 pp. 390-397
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; coatings; contact angle; dispersions; gravity; hydrophobicity; microporous membranes; oils; oxides; scanning electron microscopy; stainless steel; temperature; wettability; ytterbium
Abstract:
... For oil-water separation, micron-sized stainless steel membranes were fabricated by spray-coating using dispersions of ytterbium oxide (Yb₂O₃). The operational parameters such as particles concentration and annealing temperature were optimized to achieve the best separation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (Yb₂O₃) particles revealed that annealing at 200°C results in sharp- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.045

75. Facile synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of manganese ferrite/carbon composites

Author:
Eliza Muntean; Marcela Stoia; Cornelia Păcurariu
Source:
Thermochimica acta 2018 v.667 pp. 122-131
ISSN:
0040-6031
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; air; alcohols; annealing; carbon; composite materials; differential scanning calorimetry; ferric compounds; gels; ions; magnetic properties; nitrates; nitrogen; temperature; thermal degradation; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... Manganese ferrite/carbon (MnFe₂O₄/C) composites were prepared by the thermal decomposition of Mn(NO₃)₂-Fe(NO₃)₃-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels with different PVA content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the redox interaction between PVA and nitrate ions at around 100 °C. The effect of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tca.2018.07.015

76. Far-UV Annealed Inkjet-Printed In2O3 Semiconductor Layers for Thin-Film Transistors on a Flexible Polyethylene Naphthalate Substrate

Author:
Jaakko Leppäniemi; Kim Eiroma; Himadri Majumdar; Ari Alastalo
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. 8774-8782
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; annealing; ethylene glycol; heat treatment; manufacturing; nitrates; semiconductors; temperature
Abstract:
... The inkjet-printing process of precursor solutions containing In nitrate dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol is optimized using ethylene glycol as a cosolvent that allows the stabilization of the droplet formation, leading to a robust, repeatable printing process. The inkjet-printed precursor films are then converted to In₂O₃ semiconductors at flexible-substrate-compatible low temperatures (150–200 °C) ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.6b14654

77. Fast pyrolysis of large coal particles in a novel hot plate reactor: Effects of the reaction atmosphere on the porous structure and char reactivity

Author:
Carlos F. Valdés; Farid Chejne
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2018 v.133 pp. 39-47
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; carbon dioxide; coal; combustion; heat; nitrogen; pyrolysis; thermoplastics
Abstract:
... Fast pyrolysis of large particles of coal semi-anthracite (SA) in a novel Hot Plate Reactor (HPR) was carried out. Advantages of gas flow control of the HPR were used to compare the effect of the reaction atmosphere on the fast pyrolysis process, mainly in aspects such as chemical and porous structure, also in char reactivity. The effects of the heating rate and the reaction atmosphere were evalua ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2018.05.003

78. Formation of larger-area graphene from small GO sheets in the presence of basic divalent sulfide species and its use in biomass conversion

Author:
Xuyan Wang; Kunmei Su; Zhenhuan Li; Bowen Cheng
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.14 pp. 11176-11184
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; biomass; cellobiose; cellulose; electrical conductivity; fructose; glucose; graphene; graphene oxide; heat; hydroxymethylfurfural; mass spectrometry; organic matter; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Basic divalent sulfide species exhibit unique chemical activity in that they react with organic matter and function as a redox reagent. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) was modified by basic divalent sulfide species, and the modified materials were characterized by FT-IR spectra, XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, TG-MS analysis, Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. The results indic ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra24287h

79. Fully Solution-Processed Low-Voltage Aqueous In2O3 Thin-Film Transistors Using an Ultrathin ZrOx Dielectric

Author:
Liu Ao; Liu Guo Xia; Zhu Hui Hui; Xu Feng; Fortunato Elvira; Martins Rodrigo; Shan Fu Kai
Source:
ACS applied materials 2014 v.6 no.20 pp. 17364-17369
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; atomic force microscopy; electric field; ozonation; temperature; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... We reported here “aqueous-route” fabrication of In₂O₃ thin-film transistors (TFTs) using an ultrathin solution-processed ZrOₓ dielectric thin film. The formation and properties of In₂O₃ thin films under various annealing temperatures were intensively examined by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The solution-processed ZrOₓ thin film f ...
DOI:
10.1021/am505602w

80. Functionalization of SiO2 Surfaces for Si Monolayer Doping with Minimal Carbon Contamination

Author:
Maart van Druenen; Gillian Collins; Colm Glynn; Colm O’Dwyer; Justin D. Holmes
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2018 v.10 no.2 pp. 2191-2201
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; capacitance; carbon; electric power; electrochemistry; materials science; phosphorous acid; semiconductors; silica; silicon
Abstract:
... Monolayer doping (MLD) involves the functionalization of semiconductor surfaces followed by an annealing step to diffuse the dopant into the substrate. We report an alternative doping method, oxide-MLD, where ultrathin SiO₂ overlayers are functionalized with phosphonic acids for doping Si. Similar peak carrier concentrations were achieved when compared with hydrosilylated surfaces (∼2 × 10²⁰ atoms ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.7b16950

81. Functionalized Nanoporous Thin Films and Fibers from Photocleavable Block Copolymers Featuring Activated Esters

Author:
Zhao Hui; Gu Weiyin; Thielke Michael W.; Sterner Elizabeth; Tsai Tsunghan; Russell Thomas P.; Coughlin E. Bryan; Theato Patrick
Source:
Macromolecules 2013 v.46 no.13 pp. 5195-5201
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; acrylates; annealing; composite polymers; confocal microscopy; contact angle; esters; fluorescence; methanol; nanopores; polymerization; solvents; washing
Abstract:
... A series of poly(pentafluorophenyl (methyl)acrylates)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) with o-nitrobenzyl ester photocleavable junctions (PPFP(M)A-hv-PEO) were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. The block copolymers were used to fabricate thin films and fibers by spin-coating and electrospinning, respectively. After solvent annealing, UV exposure, and washing with methanol/water to remove the minor PEO ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma400659h

82. Growth and characterization of high resistivity c-axis oriented ZnO films on different substrates by RF magnetron sputtering for MEMS applications

Author:
Ravindra Singh; Mahesh Kumar; Sudhir Chandra
Source:
Journal of materials science 2007 v.42 no.12 pp. 4675-4683
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; air; annealing; atomic force microscopy; electric field; films (materials); heat; surface roughness; temperature; transmittance; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... In the present work, we report the deposition of high resistivity c-axis oriented ZnO films by RF magnetron sputtering. The deposition parameters such as RF power, target-to-substrate spacing, substrate temperature, and sputtering gas composition affect the crystallographic properties of ZnO films, which were evaluated using XRD analysis. The self-heating of the substrate in plasma during film dep ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-006-0372-5

83. Heat treated or not heat treated: Archaeological and experimental interpretation of flint assemblage from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Yiftahel

Author:
Dmitry Yegorov; Ofer Marder; Hamoudi Khalaily; Ianir Milevski; Steven A Rosen
Source:
Journal of archaeological science: Reports 2020 v.29 pp. 102090
ISSN:
2352-409X
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; aesthetics; annealing; archaeology; color; economic valuation; heat; heat treatment; raw materials; trade; Israel
Abstract:
... Recent examination of the lithic assemblage from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (MPPNB, 10,100–9,250 BP cal.) layers of Yiftahel in the Lower Galilee, Israel, revealed a relatively large number of flint artifacts showing evidence of intentional heating. Heat treatment of siliceous raw materials is a worldwide phenomenon usually used during the initial stages of a chaîne opértoire for the impro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102090

84. High-performance polyamide-imide films and electrospun aligned nanofibers from an amide-containing diamine

Author:
Gaigai Duan; Shuwu Liu; Shaohua Jiang; Haoqing Hou
Source:
Journal of materials science 2019 v.54 no.8 pp. 6719-6727
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; annealing; condensation reactions; differential scanning calorimetry; filtration; heat treatment; mechanical properties; nanofibers; temperature; thermal stability; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... Polyamide-imides (PAIs) are highly desired in many applications because of their superior thermal and mechanical properties. In this work, PAI was prepared from an amide-containing diamine and dianhydride by polycondensation and thermal treatment. Both PAI films and aligned electrospun nanofibers (ANFs) were fabricated. FT-IR was used to determine the structure formation of PAI at different anneal ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-019-03326-w

85. High-performance ultra-low-k fluorine-doped nanoporous organosilica films for inter-layer dielectric

Author:
Ganglong Li; Guang Zheng; Zijun Ding; Lei Shi; Junhui Li; Zhuo Chen; Liancheng Wang; Andrew A. O. Tay; Wenhui Zhu
Source:
Journal of materials science 2019 v.54 no.3 pp. 2379-2391
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; chemical composition; dielectric properties; electronic circuits; irradiation; mechanical properties; modulus of elasticity; molecular conformation; nanopores; porosity; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Development of low-k materials is critical for further improving the performance of integrated circuits. In this work, a novel type of fluorine-doped ultra-low-k porous SiCOH films has been produced. The chemical composition and bond configurations of the nanometer-scale porous films were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A low dielectri ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-018-3013-x

86. Highly Sensitive Thin-Film Field-Effect Transistor Sensor for Ammonia with the DPP-Bithiophene Conjugated Polymer Entailing Thermally Cleavable tert-Butoxy Groups in the Side Chains

Author:
Yang Yang; Zhang Guanxin; Luo Hewei; Yao Jingjing; Liu Zitong; Zhang Deqing
Source:
ACS applied materials 2016 v.8 no.6 pp. 3635-3643
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; amines; ammonia; annealing; nanopores; polymers
Abstract:
... The sensing and detection of ammonia have received increasing attention in recent years because of the growing emphasis on environmental and health issues. In this paper, we report a thin-film field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor for ammonia and other amines with remarkable high sensitivity and satisfactory selectivity by employing the DPP-bithiophene conjugated polymer pDPPBu-BT in which te ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.5b08078

87. Highly robust SiCOH/mesoporous SiO₂ ultralow dielectric films with heterostructures

Author:
Jong-Min Park; Kyoung Hwan Kim; Cheng Jin An; Ming Liang Jin; Jun-Hee Hahn; Byung-Seon Kong; Hee-Tae Jung
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.54 pp. 28409-28416
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; composite films; composite materials; dielectric properties; hardness; hydrocarbons; mechanical properties; polyethylene glycol; porosity; porous media; scanning electron microscopy; silica; stoichiometry; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... We report here a new dual-coating method for the deposition of SiCOH (elementally descriptive but not representing the stoichiometry) ATMS (allyltrimethylsilane) low-k films on mesoporous SiO₂ (SBA-15)/PEG (polyethylene glycol) composite films to improve the dielectric constant and mechanical properties of SiCOH/SBA-15 dual forms. The deposition was achieved via a two-step process: (i) pre-treatme ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra03604b

88. Humic acid-assisted synthesis of stable copper nanoparticles as a peroxidase mimetic and their application in glucose detection

Author:
Nan Wang; Bingchen Li; Fengmin Qiao; Jianchao Sun; Hai Fan; Shiyun Ai
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry B 2015 v.3 no.39 pp. 7718-7723
ISSN:
2050-7518
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; colorimetry; copper nanoparticles; detection limit; glucose; humans; humic acids; hydrogen peroxide; oxidation; pear juice; peroxidase; scanning electron microscopy; stabilizers
Abstract:
... In this report, stable copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were prepared through a facile annealing process using humic acid as the reducing and stabilizing agents. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Cu NPs show remarkably intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, which can rapidly catalyze the oxi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5tb00684h

89. Hybrid Organotin and Tin Oxide-based Thin Films Processed from Alkynylorganotins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas Sensing Properties.

Author:
Renard Laetitia; Brötz Joachim; Fuess Hartmut; Gurlo Aleksander; Riedel Ralf; Toupance Thierry
Source:
ACS applied materials 2014 v.6 no.19 pp. 17093-17101
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; air; annealing; atomic force microscopy; carbon monoxide; contact angle; films (materials); hydrogen; nanocrystals; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; tin; tin dioxide
Abstract:
... Hydrolysis–condensation of bis(triprop-1-ynylstannyl)butylene led to nanostructured bridged polystannoxane films yielding tin dioxide thin layers upon UV-treatment or annealing in air. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microsco ...
DOI:
10.1021/am504723t

90. Hydrophilic, fluorescent and superparamagnetic iron oxide-carbon composite nanoparticles

Author:
Tamal Sarkar; Sachchidanand Tiwari; Kamla Rawat; Pratima R. Solanki; H.B. Bohidar
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2017 v.514 pp. 218-225
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
Eucalyptus; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; air; annealing; behavior change; carbon; crystal structure; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fluorescence; hydrophilicity; leaves; light scattering; magnetite; molecular conformation; nanoparticles; particle size; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... In this study, surface modification of iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles through annealing with eucalyptus leaves, a benign source of carbon, was accomplished. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and eucalyptus leaves were used as precursors to prepare iron oxide-carbon composite NPs by annealing the base Fe3O4 NPs at different temperature (500, 600, 700, and 800°C) in air. The variations in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.061

91. Hydrothermal synthesis and competitive growth of flake-like M-type strontium hexaferrite

Author:
Yilong Jing; Lijun Jia; Yuhang Zheng; Huaiwu Zhang
Source:
RSC advances 2019 v.9 no.57 pp. 33388-33394
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; byproducts; ferric oxide; ferrimagnetic materials; iron; magnetic properties; magnetism; metal ions; particle size; scanning electron microscopy; strontium
Abstract:
... In this paper, single flake-like strontium hexaferrite was directly synthesized via a modified hydrothermal approach without high-temperature annealing. To determine the main factors governing the formation of the hexaferrite phase and impurity α-Fe₂O₃, effects of alkali environment and concentrations of metal ions on phase composition, grain growth, and magnetic properties were systematically ana ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ra06246g

92. In Situ ATR-FTIR Studies on MgCl2-Diisobutyl Phthalate Interactions in Thin Film Ziegler–Natta Catalysts

Author:
Cheruvathur Ajin V.; Langner Ernie H. G.; Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans); Thüne Peter C.
Source:
Langmuir 2012 v.28 no.5 pp. 2643-2651
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; annealing; catalysts; crystals; desorption; ethanol; ethylene; magnesium chloride; phthalates; polymerization; silicon; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... To study the surface structure of MgCl₂ support and its interaction with other active components in Ziegler–Natta catalyst, such as electron donors, we prepared a thin film analogue for Ziegler–Natta ethylene polymerization catalyst support by spin-coating a solution of MgCl₂ in ethanol, optionally containing a diester internal donor (diisobutyl-ortho-phthalate, DIBP) on a flat Si crystal surface. ...
DOI:
10.1021/la203972k

93. In situ prepared nano-crystalline TiO₂–poly(methyl methacrylate) hybrid enhanced composite polymer electrolyte for Li-ion batteries

Author:
Jiang Cao; Li Wang; Xiangming He; Mou Fang; Jian Gao; Jianjun Li; Lingfeng Deng; Hong Chen; Guangyu Tian; Jianlong Wang; Shoushan Fan
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2013 v.1 no.19 pp. 5955-5961
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; ceramics; composite polymers; crystallization; dispersibility; electrochemistry; electrodes; electrolytes; lithium batteries; nanohybrids; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Nano-sized ceramic fillers provide a promising approach to enhancing polymer electrolytes in terms of the interfacial chemistry, ionic conductivity, and C-rate performance of Li-ion cells, if their dispersibility and compatibility in a polymer matrix can be well managed. In this work, a nano-crystalline TiO₂–PMMA hybrid is prepared by in situ crystallization, and its structure and properties are c ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ta00086a

94. In-plane oriented highly ordered lamellar structure formation of poly(N-dodecylacrylamide) induced by humid annealing

Author:
Yuki Hashimoto; Takuma Sato; Ryosuke Goto; Yuki Nagao; Masaya Mitsuishi; Shusaku Nagano; Jun Matsui
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.11 pp. 6631-6635
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; ambient temperature; annealing; coatings; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; glass transition temperature; image analysis; melting; polymers; relative humidity
Abstract:
... In this paper, we report that poly(N-dodecylacrylamide) (pDDA) formed a well-ordered lamellar structure by annealing in humid conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of pDDA showed that the crystallized part of the dodecyl side chain in nanodomains melted at −28.5 °C and a glass transition temperature of 73.6 °C, indicating that pDDA is an amorphous polymer at room temperature ( ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra27994e

95. In-situ synthesis and cross-linking of polyamide thin film composite (TFC) membranes for bioethanol applications

Author:
Jian Zuo; Juin-Yih Lai; Tai-Shung Chung
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2014 v.458 pp. 47-57
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; bioethanol; crosslinking; electrons; ethanol; pervaporation; physicochemical properties; polyamides; polymerization; temperature; thin film composite membranes; toluene
Abstract:
... A novel and effective two-step approach has been developed to fabricate cross-linked polyamide thin film composite (TFC) membranes for pervaporation dehydration of bioethanol. The first step is to in situ graft the cross-linker toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) into the polyamide selective layer during the interfacial polymerization while the second step is to produce the TDI cross-linked TFC membran ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.041

96. Influence of ethylene glycol vapor annealing on structure and property of wet-spun PVA/PEDOT:PSS blend fiber

Author:
Xinyue Wang; Gu-yu Feng; Ming-qiao Ge
Source:
Journal of materials science 2017 v.52 no.12 pp. 6917-6927
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; atomic force microscopy; chemical composition; chemical structure; electrical conductivity; ethylene glycol; modulus of elasticity; polyvinyl alcohol; scanning electron microscopy; separation; styrene; tensile strength; vapors
Abstract:
... In this study, blend fibers composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared via wet-spinning technology. Ethylene glycol (EG) vapor annealing was employed to improve the electrical conductivity and tensile properties of blend fibers. The effects of EG vapor annealing on structures and properties of blend fibers were investigate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-017-0756-8

97. Influence of physico-structural properties on the photocatalytic activity of sol-gel derived TiO2 thin films

Author:
M. Fallet; S. Permpoon; J. L. Deschanvres; M. Langlet
Source:
Journal of materials science 2006 v.41 no.10 pp. 2915-2927
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; crystallites; crystallization; malic acid; photocatalysis; photolysis; porosity; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... Sol-gel TiO₂ films were deposited from various sols and heat-treated at different temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy methods have been used to study physico-structural properties of the films. These properties are discussed with respect to the experimental parameters. It is shown that, depending on sol formulatio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-006-5077-2

98. Influences of Annealing on the Perfluorosulfonate Ion-Exchanged Membranes Prepared by Melt Extrusion

Author:
Wang Jing; Yang Miaokun; Dou Peng; Wang Xuejun; Zhang Heng
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.36 pp. 14175-14182
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; crystal structure; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; endothermy; engineering; extrusion; glass transition temperature; mechanical properties; melting; plasticizers; thermogravimetry; water uptake
Abstract:
... Perfluorosulfonate ion-exchanged membranes (PFSIEMs) have been prepared by the melt-extrusion method. Subsequently, the effect of annealing on the properties of PFSIEMs was studied. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis suggested that −SO₃– groups could be brought to the membrane surface, presumably by side chain movement during the course of therm ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie502037p

99. Influences of melt-draw ratio and annealing on the crystalline structure and orientation of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) casting films

Author:
Ai-ping Ma; Li-yang Xu; Bo Yin; Ming-bo Yang; Bang-hu Xie
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.67 pp. 62038-62044
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; annealing; crystal structure; crystals; differential scanning calorimetry; melting; scanning electron microscopy; temperature
Abstract:
... Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) casting films with row-nucleated lamellar structure were extruded through a slit die followed by stretching using a chill roll. The influences of melt draw ratio, annealing temperature, annealing time and supplied strain level on the crystalline morphology and orientation of the poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) casting films were carefully investigated by means of scanning electro ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra08156h

100. Informing rational design of graphene oxide through surface chemistry manipulations: properties governing electrochemical and biological activities

Author:
Yan Wang; Leanne M. Gilbertson
Source:
Green chemistry 2017 v.19 no.12 pp. 2826-2838
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; annealing; atomic force microscopy; bioactive properties; carbon nanotubes; chemical reduction; electrical conductivity; electrochemistry; graphene oxide; green chemistry; moieties; oxygen; physicochemical properties; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... It is increasingly realized that rational design is critical to advance potential applications and proactively preclude adverse consequences of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Central to this approach is the establishment of parametric relationships that correlate material properties to both their functional performance and inherent hazard. This work aims to decouple the causative mechanisms of mater ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7gc00159b