U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject term annealing Remove constraint Subject term: annealing
Start Over

Search

6,982  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 6,982 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. (E)-1,2-Di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene based high mobility polymer for efficient photovoltaic devices without any post treatment

Author:
Junzhen Ren; Yongchao Zhang; Fushuai Liu; Yan Yan; Meng Qiu; V. A. L. Roy; Huilin Zheng; Mingliang Sun; Renqiang Yang
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.72 pp. 68049-68057
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
absorption; additives; annealing; chemical interactions; photovoltaic cells; polymers; thiophene; transistors
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the effect of an (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT) unit on the hole mobility and photovoltaic properties of dithienyl-difluorobenzothiadiazole (DTBT) based polymers, two conjugated polymers PDT-DTBT-DT (thiophene backboned) and PTVT-DTBT-DT (TVT backboned) were synthesized. Compared to PDT-DTBT-DT, the backbone conformation of PTVT-DTBT-DT could be well modulated by the ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra13970a

2. (NH₄)₃FeF₆ mesocrystals grown by electric field-assisted in situ dissolution and the reaction of anodic iron oxides

Author:
Hui Li; Zixue Su
Source:
Chemical communications 2022 v.58 no.12 pp. 1922-1925
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
annealing; chemical communication; crystals; electric field; geometry; iron oxides
Abstract:
... (NH₄)₃FeF₆ mesocrystalline octahedrons are formed by in situ dissolution and the reaction of anodic iron oxides, followed by a non-classical crystal growth process involving electrical polarization and subsequent alignment of primary (NH₄)₃FeF₆ particles under an external electric field. The obtained (NH₄)₃FeF₆ can be converted to nano-micro hierarchical α-Fe₂O₃ octahedrons by thermal annealing. ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1cc05980g

3. 1,3,5-Benzenetribenzoic Acid on Cu(111) and Graphene/Cu(111): A Comparative STM Study

Author:
Li Jun; Gottardi Stefano; Solianyk Leonid; Moreno-López Juan Carlos; Stöhr Meike
Source:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016 v.120 no.32 pp. 18093-18098
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
annealing; carboxylic acids; copper; graphene; hydrogen bonding; scanning tunneling microscopy
Abstract:
... The self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (BTB) molecules on both Cu(111) and epitaxial graphene grown on Cu(111) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. On Cu(111), the BTB molecules were found to mainly arrange in close-packed structures through H-bonding between the (partially) deprotonated carboxy ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05541
PubMed:
27588158
PubMed Central:
PMC5002934

4. 141 Inhibition of ice recrystallization by antifreeze proteins

Author:
Shiran Zalis; Maya Bar Dolev; Ido Braslavsky
Source:
Cryobiology 2013 v.67 no.3 pp. 438
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
additives; annealing; antifreeze proteins; binding proteins; cold; cold zones; cooling; cryopreservation; crystallization; crystals; fish; fluorescence; freezing point; frozen foods industry; ice; ice cream; insects; light microscopes; lighting; sucrose; survival rate; temperature; texture; thawing; tissues
Abstract:
... Ice recrystallization (IR) is a process in which large ice crystals grow at the expense of smaller ones. It occurs constantly in nature and in industrial processes in conditions of moderate cooling of a partially frozen environment or at accelerated rate due to temperature fluctuations of frozen substances. IR is one of the major causes of smooth texture loss and deterioration of frozen food such ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.147

5. 142 Ice growth in the presence of an antifreeze protein

Author:
Maddalena Bayer-Giraldi; Ilka Weikusat; Cornelia Isert
Source:
Cryobiology 2013 v.67 no.3 pp. 438
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Escherichia coli; affinity chromatography; annealing; antifreeze proteins; crystallization; crystals; dominant species; freezing; ice; industrial applications; light microscopy; mechanical damage; sublimation; temperature; tissues
Abstract:
... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have evolved in cold-adapted organisms to control ice crystal growth when exposed to sub-zero temperature conditions. It has been suggested that the effect of the proteins results in small ice crystal size, thus avoiding the mechanical damage to frozen tissues and cells caused by large ice grains. The polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, a dominant species within sea-i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.148

6. 19-Fold thermal conductivity increase of carbon nanotube bundles toward high-end thermal design applications

Author:
Yangsu Xie; Tianyu Wang; Bowen Zhu; Chaoyi Yan; Peixin Zhang; Xinwei Wang; Gyula Eres
Source:
Carbon 2018 v.139 pp. 445-458
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; ambient temperature; annealing; carbon; carbon nanotubes; electrical resistance; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; vapors
Abstract:
... In high temperature annealing of carbon nanotube (CNTs) bundles for structure and thermal conductivity (κ) improvement, the statistical errors from sample-wide structure variation and sample transfer/preparation significantly overshadows the understanding of structure-κ correlation and change. In this work, the sequential process of current-induced thermal annealing (CITA) on improving the structu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.07.009

7. 2-Methylimidazole-mediated hierarchical Co3O4/N-doped carbon/short-carbon-fiber composite as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber

Author:
Zehao Zhao; Kaichang Kou; Hongjing Wu
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2020 v.574 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
annealing; carbon; carbon fibers; cobalt oxide; electromagnetic radiation
Abstract:
... At present, efficient and stable low-cost electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials have been widely explored, but further improvement is still necessary. In this research, three types of hierarchical Co₃O₄/N-doped carbon/short carbon fiber (SCF) composites with different assembly structures were produced by annealing the ZIF-67/SCF and Co-LDHs/SCF precursors at 700 °C. The obtained Co₃O₄/N-do ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.037

8. 21. A lesson from Nature for controlling ice during organ cryopreservation by vitrification

Author:
Kelvin Brockbank; Lia H. Campbell; Henry Vu; John G. Duman
Source:
Cryobiology 2015 v.71 no.1 pp. 170
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
annealing; antifreeze proteins; cell viability; cold tolerance; cooling; cryopreservation; cryoprotectants; cytotoxicity; diapause; fish; freezing; frogs; glycerol; glycolipids; hibernation; hysteresis; ice; insect larvae; insects; mannose; patients; proline; reperfusion injury; temperature; therapeutics; tissue banks; tissues; trehalose; vitrification; winter; xylose; Alaska
Abstract:
... Banking of organs using current tissue banking practices employing conventional cryopreservation by freezing is not feasible due to the well known damage caused by intra and extra-cellular ice formation. An alternative cryopreservation approach is known as vitrification. There has been considerable success in ice-free vitrification of small tissue samples but better ice control is required for sam ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.05.027

9. 2D holey cobalt sulfide nanosheets derived from metal–organic frameworks for high-rate sodium ion batteries with superior cyclability

Author:
Yanfeng Dong; Wen Shi; Pengfei Lu; Jieqiong Qin; Shuanghao Zheng; Bingsen Zhang; Xinhe Bao; Zhong-Shuai Wu
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry 2018 v.6 no.29 pp. 14324-14329
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
active sites; annealing; anodes; batteries; chemical bonding; cobalt; cobalt sulfide; coordination polymers; electrolytes; energy; nanopores; nanosheets; screening; simulation models
Abstract:
... Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) for large-scale grid applications are facing great challenges in terms of development of high-performance electrode materials and screening of suitable electrolytes. Herein, a versatile and scalable protocol for synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) holey cobalt sulfide (h-Co₄S₃) nanosheets is demonstrated for high-rate and long-life SIBs in an ether-based electrolyte of 1. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ta05612a

10. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene-Based Isomer-Free Quinoidal Building Block and Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Author:
Kyoungtae Hwang; Min-Hye Lee; Jihong Kim; Yeon-Ju Kim; Yunseul Kim; Hansu Hwang; In-Bok Kim; Dong-Yu Kim
Source:
Macromolecules 2020 v.53 no.6 pp. 1977-1987
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
annealing; aromatic compounds; crystal structure; density functional theory; electrical properties; isomers; polymerization; polymers; thiophene; transistors
Abstract:
... Since quinoidal molecules have double-bond linkages between aromatic rings, they have many advantages for efficient charge transport resulting from high planarity and extended π-conjugation length. However, they unavoidably generate some isomers, which cause difficulty in purification and characterization. In this study, sulfur–oxygen conformation locking and steric repulsion approach is introduce ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02237

11. 30-Fold efficiency enhancement achieved in the perovskite light-emitting diodes

Author:
Xing-Juan Ma; Zhi-Qiang Wang; Zi-Yang Xiong; Yue Zhang; Fu-Xing Yu; Ping Chen; Zu-Hong Xiong; Chun-Hong Gao
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.80 pp. 50571-50577
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
annealing; cesium; dissociation; lead; light emitting diodes
Abstract:
... Efficient cesium lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are demonstrated using nearly 100% coverage of CsPbBr₃ film as the emitter. The PeLEDs with only a pumping away process deposited from equimolar PbBr₂–CsBr exhibit more than 30 fold electroluminescent (EL) performance improvement compared to the ones with both pumping away and annealing processes. And to further improve the EL ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ra09484a

12. 3D Co–Ni Nanocone Array Shielded with Conducting Amorphous Carbon Used as Fused, Separable, and Stable Mimicking Peroxidases for RGB-Color Intensiometric pH Indication

Author:
Yongqi Ding; Jia Liu; Minghui Guo; Yuqing Lin
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2019 v.11 no.43 pp. 40382-40392
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
annealing; carbon; catalase; catalytic activity; cobalt; color; colorimetry; computer software; electron transfer; foams; instrumentation; nickel; pH; peroxidase; physiology
Abstract:
... We demonstrate an in situ synthesis for preparing a carbon-shielded three-dimensional Co–Ni nanocone array on Ni foam (CoNi NCs/NF@C) via the solvothermal and thermal annealing processes. It is found that the easily separable CoNi NCs/NF@C possesses high peroxidase/catalase dual-mimic activity and good catalytic stability. The fusion of the amorphous carbon sheath with the Co–Ni nanocones (1) effe ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.9b07508

13. 3D Flowerlike α-Fe2O3@TiO2 Core–Shell Nanostructures: General Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Author:
Liu Jun; Yang Shuanglei; Wu Wei; Tian Qingyong; Cui Shuyuan; Dai Zhigao; Ren Feng; Xiao Xiangheng; Jiang Changzhong
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2015 v.3 no.11 pp. 2975-2984
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
aluminum; annealing; copper; ferric oxide; nanocrystals; photocatalysis; zinc
Abstract:
... The 3D flowerlike α-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ core–shell nanocrystals with thorhombic, cubic, and discal morphologies are synthesized for photocatalytic application. α-Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals were prepared via a Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ ion-mediated hydrothermal route. The α-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ core–shell nanocrystals are obtained via a hydrothermal and annealing process. The shape-dependent photocatalytic activities of these as- ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00956

14. 3D Hierarchical Pt-Nitrogen-Doped-Graphene-Carbonized Commercially Available Sponge as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

Author:
Zhao Lei; Sui Xu-Lei; Li Jia-Long; Zhang Jing-Jia; Zhang Li-Mei; Wang Zhen-Bo
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 v.8 no.25 pp. 16026-16034
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
annealing; catalysts; catalytic activity; energy; fuel cells; graphene; methanol; nanoparticles; oxygen; polyols; surface area
Abstract:
... Three-dimensional hierarchical nitrogen-doped graphene (3D-NG) frameworks were successfully fabricated through a feasible solution dip-coating method with commercially available sponges as the initial backbone. A spongy template can help hinder the graphene plates restacking in the period of the annealing process. The Pt/3D-NG catalyst was synthesized employing a polyol reduction process. The resu ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.6b03520

15. 3D hierarchical bayberry-like Ni@carbon hollow nanosphere/rGO hybrid as a new interesting electrode material for simultaneous detection of small biomolecules

Author:
Lei Zhang; Jing Zhang
Source:
Talanta 2018 v.178 pp. 608-615
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
annealing; ascorbic acid; coordination polymers; dopamine; electrodes; electrolytes; graphene; graphene oxide; humans; nanospheres; nickel; quantitative analysis; uric acid; urine
Abstract:
... Metal-organic framework derived hierarchical bayberry-like Ni@carbon hollow nanosphere/reduced graphene oxide (Ni@CHS/rGO) hybrid was synthesized by combining a simple solvothermal reaction with a further annealing treatment. 3D hierarchical bayberry-like Ni@CHS/rGO hybrid not only offered a continuous highly conductive Ni metal and graphene matrix to facilitate the charge transfer, but also allow ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.086

16. 3D hierarchical porous ZnO/ZnCo₂O₄ nanosheets as high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Author:
Xiaohong Xu; Kangzhe Cao; Yijing Wang; Lifang Jiao
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2016 v.4 no.16 pp. 6042-6047
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
annealing; anodes; electrochemistry; lithium batteries; nanohybrids; nanoparticles; nanosheets; porosity; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... Hierarchical porous ZnO/ZnCo₂O₄ (denoted as ZZCO) nanosheets have been successfully synthesized by one-step thermal annealing of the as-prepared Zn–Co-MOF precursor. The ZZCO nanosheets are composed of uniform sized, interconnected primary ZnO and ZnCo₂O₄ (donated as ZCO) nanoparticles (NPs), which are homogeneously dispersed in the products. Moreover, it possesses favorable features, such as a th ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ta00723f

17. 3D nanoporous Ni/V₂O₃ hybrid nanoplate assemblies for highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Author:
Mei Ming; Yuling Ma; Yun Zhang; Lin-Bo Huang; Lu Zhao; Yu-Yun Chen; Xing Zhang; Guangyin Fan; Jin-Song Hu
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2018 v.6 no.43 pp. 21452-21457
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
active sites; annealing; catalysts; catalytic activity; durability; electrical properties; electrochemistry; hydrogen production; mass transfer; nanopores; nickel; structure-activity relationships; vanadium
Abstract:
... Nickel-based non-noble-metal materials have emerged as promising catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production in view of their attractive intrinsic activities, electrical properties and low cost. Exploring new candidates for further improving the performances of nickel-based catalysts and understanding the structure–activity relationship are still necessary to reduce the overpotential of the ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ta07701k

18. 3D printed graphene/nickel electrodes for high areal capacitance electrochemical storage

Author:
Guijun Li; Xiaoyong Mo; Wing-Cheung Law; Kang Cheung Chan
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2019 v.7 no.8 pp. 4055-4062
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
annealing; capacitance; durability; electric potential difference; electrical conductivity; electrochemistry; electrodes; foams; graphene; mobile telephones; nickel; surface area
Abstract:
... Consumer grade supercapacitors as power supply resources require outstanding electrode materials with large conductivity, high durability and retention rates, as well as large capacity. Graphene is a promising functional material as an electrical double layer capacitance electrode due to its large surface area, high chemical stability and moderate conductivity. However, the existing graphene synth ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ta11121a

19. 3D printing strong and conductive geo-polymer nanocomposite structures modified by graphene oxide

Author:
Jing Zhong; Guo-Xiang Zhou; Pei-Gang He; Zhi-Hua Yang; De-Chang Jia
Source:
Carbon 2017 v.117 pp. 421-426
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
annealing; carbon; ceramics; electrical conductivity; extrusion; graphene oxide; hydrophilicity; mechanical properties; nanocomposites; rheology
Abstract:
... Preparation of inks with proper rheology performance is the key for extrusion based 3D printing. In this work, extrusion based 3D printing graphene oxide (GO)/geopolymer (GOGP) nanocomposite was reported for the first time. The addition of GO in geopolymeric aqueous mixture (alumiosilicate and alkaline-source particles) dramatically changes its rheology properties, and enable the 3D printing that ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2017.02.102

20. 3D-printed rolling circle amplification chip for on-site colorimetric detection of inorganic mercury in drinking water

Author:
Ji Won Lim; Tai-Yong Kim; Sung-Wook Choi; Min-Ah Woo
Source:
Food chemistry 2019 v.300 pp. 125177
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
annealing; circular DNA; color; colorimetry; drinking water; enzymatic reactions; enzyme substrates; mercury; peroxidase; point-of-care testing; poisoning; risk reduction; spectrophotometers; thymine
Abstract:
... A point-of-care testing chip was developed for the colorimetric detection of inorganic mercury ion (Hg²⁺). The disposable chip fabricated by three-dimensional printing technology contains DNAzymes produced by rolling circle amplification (RCA); a color change caused by the enzymatic reaction between DNAzymes and the peroxidase substrate 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) is meas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125177