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1. 1-MCP can prevent ethylene-induced damage to fruit trees during cold storage

Author:
Maas, F.M.; Schaik, A.C.R. van; Hof, M.C.J.; Anbergen, R.H.N.; Ravesloot, M.B.M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 v. no.884 pp. 559-563
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
1-methylcyclopropene; autumn; bark; branches; buds; callus; cold; cold storage; death; discoloration; ethylene; fruit trees; leaves; pears; planting; spring; storage time; temperature; tree damage; winter
Abstract:
... At present, about 50% of the young fruit trees is stored for more than one month in cold rooms between lifting in the nursery and planting in spring in the orchard with a maximum storage duration of 5-6 months. Storage of fruit trees requires the absence of ethylene in the storage room, as this gaseous plant growth regulator may induce damage to the trees during storage, which eventually may lead ...

2. A Comparison of Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical Bayesian Approaches for Fitting Allometric Larch (Larix.spp.) Biomass Equations

Author:
Dongsheng Chen; Xingzhao Huang; Xiaomei Sun; Wu Ma; Shougong Zhang
Source:
Forests 2016 v.7 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Larix; allometry; bark; biomass; branches; carbon sequestration; equations; forests; leaves; models; monitoring; plantations; roots; stemwood; trees; China
Abstract:
... Accurate biomass estimations are important for assessing and monitoring forest carbon storage. Bayesian theory has been widely applied to tree biomass models. Recently, a hierarchical Bayesian approach has received increasing attention for improving biomass models. In this study, tree biomass data were obtained by sampling 310 trees from 209 permanent sample plots from larch plantations in six reg ...
DOI:
10.3390/f7010018

3. A Complete Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Above and Belowground Biomass Components of a Hybrid Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern Brazil

Author:
Márcio Viera; Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus urophylla; bark; belowground biomass; branches; canopy; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; clones; ecosystem services; fine roots; hybrids; indigenous species; inventories; leaves; plantations; soil; soil carbon; trees; understory; wood; Brazil
Abstract:
... Hybrid eucalypt clones are grown for fiber production worldwide and to provide an ecosystem service that can store atmospheric carbon at a very fast rate. This study assessed the carbon stocks in the soil and various tree fractions in a 10-year-old plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Southern Brazil. Four experimental plots were established, and an ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10070536

4. A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Quercus Species

Author:
Ema Burlacu; Adrian Nisca; Corneliu Tanase
Source:
Forests 2020 v.11 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Quercus brantii; Quercus infectoria; Quercus robur; acorns; antineoplastic activity; antioxidants; bark; biocompatible materials; branches; chemical constituents of plants; cosmetics; dietary supplements; fatty acids; galls; leaves; phenolic compounds; phytochemicals; seeds; sterols; traditional medicine; volatile organic compounds; wines; wood
Abstract:
... The Quercus genus provides a large amount of biomaterial with many applications in fields like pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and foodstuff areas. Due to the worldwide dissemination of the genus, many species were used for centuries in traditional healing methods or in the wine maturing process. This review aims to bring together the results about phytoconstituents from oak extracts and their biologica ...
DOI:
10.3390/f11090904

5. A Method for Determining Water Transport in Trees

Author:
C. R. Daum
Source:
Ecology 1967 v.48 no.3 pp. 425-431
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
bark; branches; energy; heat transfer; leaves; rain; thermocouples; transpiration; tree trunk; trees; xylem
Abstract:
... A new form of heat—flow analysis was developed to measure water transport in tree trunks. The application of the energy budget required the installation of heat—flow plates and thermocouples under the bark to measure the natural heat exchange between the water—conducting layer of xylem and the adjacent parts of the tree. The equipment was installed on two large branches of an ash tree and on the m ...
DOI:
10.2307/1932677

6. A Method for Validating the Structural Completeness of Understory Vegetation Models Captured with 3D Remote Sensing

Author:
Samuel Hillman; Luke Wallace; Karin Reinke; Bryan Hally; Simon Jones; Daisy S. Saldias
Source:
Remote Sensing 2019 v.11 no.18 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
bark; branches; canopy; data collection; fire behavior; forest ecosystems; forests; fuels (fire ecology); leaves; models; remote sensing; surface area; understory; wildfires; wildlife habitats
Abstract:
... Characteristics describing below canopy vegetation are important for a range of forest ecosystem applications including wildlife habitat, fuel hazard and fire behaviour modelling, understanding forest recovery after disturbance and competition dynamics. Such applications all rely on accurate measures of vegetation structure. Inherent in this is the assumption or ability to demonstrate measurement ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs11182118

7. A Refuge for Red Scale Under Control by Aphytis: Structural Aspects

Author:
William W. Murdoch; Robert F. Luck; Sandra J. Walde; John D. Reeve; Dicky S. Yu
Source:
Ecology 1989 v.70 no.6 pp. 1707-1714
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Aphytis melinus; Encarsia; adults; bark; branches; field experimentation; grapefruits; instars; lemons; orchards; parasitism; parasitoids; trees; California
Abstract:
... Red scale populations in eight grapefruit trees in a grove in southern California were sampled over 18 mo. We established that the interior of the trees was an area of partial refugee from parasitism by the major control agent, the parasitoid Aphytis melinus, and also by Encarsia, which was the second major parasitoid in the system. The refuge (interior) population contained > 75% of the scale and ...
DOI:
10.2307/1938105

8. A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes

Author:
B.N.I. Eskelson; H. Temesgen; J.C. Hagar
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2012 v.272 no. pp. 26-34
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
snags; trees; Landsat; topography; tree and stand measurements; forest stands; climate; wildlife management; models; logit analysis; private lands; tree classes; branches; wildlife; prediction; public lands; probability; forest inventory; forest types; bark; Oregon
Abstract:
... Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate estimation of snag density by snag quality class. Usi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.041

9. A continuum of dead wood with various habitat elements maintains the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in an old-growth boreal forest

Author:
Anna Ruokolainen; Ekaterina Shorohova; Reijo Penttilä; Vera Kotkova; Helena Kushnevskaya
Source:
European journal of forest research 2018 v.137 no.5 pp. 707-718
ISSN:
1612-4669
Subject:
Picea; bark; boreal forests; branches; coarse woody debris; conifers; fruiting bodies; fungal communities; fungi; indicator species; linear models; multidimensional scaling; niches; old-growth forests; species diversity; surveys; tree mortality; trees; wood
Abstract:
... Evidence on habitat associations of threatened wood-inhabiting species in boreal forests may contribute to a better understanding of their ecology and conservation needs. We examined the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungal communities in an old-growth boreal forest with high substrate availability and continuity based on repeated surveys of fruit bodies. The number of species in morphological and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10342-018-1135-y

10. A flavanone and antimicrobial activities of the constituents of extracts from Mundulea sericea

Author:
Ofentse Mazimba; Ishmael B. Masesane; Runner R.T. Majinda
Source:
Natural product research 2012 v.26 no.19 pp. 1817-1823
ISSN:
1478-6427
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Mundulea; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; anti-infective properties; bark; branches; leaves; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... In this study, 12 compounds, which include a new flavanone 5-methoxy mundulin (1), were isolated from the leaves, stem bark and twigs of Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev. (Fabaceae; Papilionoideae). The structures of the compounds were identified based on spectral data analyses. The constituents of M. sericea also showed antimicrobial activities (MIQ = 0.01–100 µg) against Staphylococcus aureus, ...
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2011.616504

11. A forest biomass yield table based on an empirical model

Author:
Tomohiro Nishizono; Toshio Iehara; Hirofumi Kuboyama; Miki Fukuda
Source:
Journal of forest research 2005 v.10 no.3 pp. 211-220
ISSN:
1610-7403
Subject:
Cryptomeria japonica; Larix kaempferi; bark; biomass; branches; forests; leaves; models; stem form; stumps; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood; Japan
Abstract:
... We report an empirical model for estimating unutilized wood biomass, and its application to Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Larix kaempferi in Tohno City, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan. Outputs from the model are the quantity of unutilized wood biomass and merchantable volume produced by timber harvest. The unutilized wood biomass is divided into stumps, tops, branches, foliages, small trees, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10310-004-0133-8

12. A fungal pathogen in time and space: the population dynamics of Beauveria bassiana in a conifer forest

Author:
Ormond, Emma L.; Thomas, Alison P.M.; Pugh, Philip J.A.; Pell, Judith K.; Roy, Helen E.
Source:
FEMS microbiology ecology 2010 v.74 no.1 pp. 146-154
ISSN:
0168-6496
Subject:
Beauveria bassiana; Pinus nigra; Pseudotsuga; bark; branches; coniferous forests; conifers; decline; entomopathogens; environmental factors; fungi; niches; population dynamics; selective media; soil; space and time
Abstract:
... The fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana is ubiquitous in below-ground systems; however, there is a dearth of information on the above-ground diversity, temporal and spatial distribution of this fungus. Therefore, we assessed its occurrence in a conifer forest (Pseudotsuga monziesii and Pinus nigra var. maritima) using selective media to isolate B. bassiana from soil, branch and bark samples c ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00939.x
PubMed:
20662927

13. A machine-learning approach for classifying defects on tree trunks using terrestrial LiDAR

Author:
Van-Tho Nguyen; Thiéry Constant; Bertrand Kerautret; Isabelle Debled-Rennesson; Francis Colin
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2020 v.171 pp. 105332
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
Abies; Fagus; Pinus; Quercus; artificial intelligence; automation; bark; branches; burl wood; epicormics; forestry; lidar; roughness; tree trunk; wood quality
Abstract:
... Three-dimensional data are increasingly prevalent in forestry thanks to terrestrial LiDAR. This work assesses the feasibility for an automated recognition of the type of local defects present on the bark surface. These singularities are frequently external markers of inner defects affecting wood quality, and their type, size, and frequency are major components of grading rules. The proposed approa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2020.105332

14. A new endoconidial black meristematic genus, Atramixtia, associated with declining white spruce and phylogenetically allied to a lineage of dothidealean conifer pathogens

Author:
Tsuneda, A.; Davey, M.L.; Currah, R.S.
Source:
Botany 2011 v.89 no.5 pp. 323-338
ISSN:
1916-2804
Subject:
Picea glauca; Sydowia; bark; branches; conifers; fungi; hyphae; meristems; mycelium; pathogens; periderm; phylogeny; Alberta
Abstract:
... An endoconidial, black meristematic taxon Atramixtia arboricola gen. et. sp. nov. (Dothideales) from the black subicula found on twigs of declining white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, in Alberta is described. It is morphologically distinguishable from other endoconidial taxa by the conidioma composed of clumps of endoconidial conidiogenous cells, scattered meristematically dividing cells, de ...
DOI:
10.1139/b11-019

15. A new opportunity for biomagnetic monitoring of particulate pollution in an urban environment using tree branches

Author:
Karen Wuyts; Jelle Hofman; Shari Van Wittenberghe; Gert Nuyts; Karolien De Wael; Roeland Samson
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2018 v.190 pp. 177-187
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
Platanus acerifolia; air pollution; atmospheric chemistry; bark; branches; chromium; copper; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; internodes; leaves; magnetism; manganese; monitoring; particulates; scanning electron microscopy; surface area; trees; urban areas; zinc
Abstract:
... Environmental magnetism, and the magnetic leaf signal in particular, is amply investigated and applied as proxy for atmospheric particulate matter pollution. In this study, we investigated the magnetic signal of annual segments of tree branches, and the composition of particles deposited hereon. Branches are, contrary to leaves of deciduous trees, available during leaf-off seasons and exposed to a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.014

16. A review of 137Cs and 40K soil-to-plant transfer factors in tropical plants

Author:
H. Velasco; R.M. Anjos
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2021 v.235-236 pp. 106650
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
Capsicum frutescens; Carica papaya; Citrus aurantiifolia; Citrus sinensis; Manihot esculenta; Psidium guajava; Punica granatum; accidents; bananas; bark; branches; cassava; cesium radioisotopes; guavas; hot peppers; human nutrition; ingestion; leaves; lemons; pomegranates; radioactivity; soil; Brazil
Abstract:
... In this work we critically assess the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁴⁰K in edible fleshy organs of tropical plants that are often components of the human diet. Radionuclide concentrations in soil and plants were obtained from previous investigations developed in Brazil, after the Goiânia radiological accident occurred in 1987. Transfer factors were determined in specific plant ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106650

17. A set of descriptors for evaluating guayule germplasm

Author:
Terry Coffelt; Lauren Johnson
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2011 v.34 no.2 pp. 1252-1255
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Hevea; Parthenium argentatum; agronomists; bark; biomass; botanists; branches; buds; commercialization; dormancy breaking; germplasm; guayule; labor; leaves; plant variety protection; resins; rubber; scientists; seeds
Abstract:
... Commercialization of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) as a source of rubber is receiving world-wide attention as an alternative to Hevea in order to meet increasing demand for natural rubber. As more breeders, agronomists, botanists and other scientists become involved in evaluating and developing guayule germplasm, it is imperative that a uniform set of germplasm descriptors is available. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.004

18. A spatial analysis of woodfuel based on WISDOM GIS methodology: Multiscale approach in Northern Spain

Author:
Sandra Sánchez-García; Elena Canga; Eduardo Tolosana; Juan Majada
Source:
Applied energy 2015 v.144 pp. 193-203
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
Eucalyptus; agricultural land; bark; biomass; branches; conservation areas; decision making; electricity; energy; filters; forestry; forests; geographic information systems; georeferencing; heat; inventories; issues and policy; land use; leaves; planning; power plants; pulp and paper industry; spatial data; supply balance; wastes; wood processing; Spain
Abstract:
... Given the complexity of generating energy from biomass, the need has arisen for support tools to assist in balancing energy and forestry policies which are sufficiently flexible to address the issues of planning and management at small and large scales.The present study aims to adapt WISDOM GIS methodology for application in the autonomous region of Asturias (Northern Spain) and thereby, by creati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.099

19. A three level system for estimating the biomass of Castanea sativa Mill. coppice stands in north-west Spain

Author:
María Menéndez-Miguélez; Elena Canga; Marcos Barrio-Anta; Juan Majada; Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2013 v.291 pp. 417-426
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Castanea sativa; aboveground biomass; bark; branches; data collection; equations; felling; leaves; prediction; stand density; stumps; trees; wood; Spain
Abstract:
... Aboveground biomass was studied in Castanea sativa Mill. coppice stands in north-west Spain, and biomass equations were fitted at three levels (individual tree, stool and stand). Four systems of biomass estimation were developed. In two of the systems, the following individual tree variables were taken into account: standing tree variables and stump dimension variables. In the other two systems, b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.040

20. Above Ground Leafless Woody Biomass and Nutrient Content within Different Compartments of a P. maximowicii × P. trichocarpa Poplar Clone

Author:
Christopher Morhart; Jonathan Sheppard; Heinrich Spiecker
Source:
Forests 2013 v.4 no.2 pp. 471-487
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Populus; abandoned land; bark; biomass; branches; buds; hybrids; models; nutrient content; nutrients; ovens; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood
Abstract:
... In this study the quantification of biomass within all relevant compartments of a three-year-old poplar clone (P. maximowicii × P. trichocarpa) planted on abandoned agricultural land at a density of 5000 trees ha−1 is presented. A total of 30 trees within a diameter range of 1.8 cm to 8.9 cm, at breast height (dbh at 1.3 m), were destructively sampled. In order to analyze the biomass, the complete ...
DOI:
10.3390/f4020471

21. Above- and below-ground N stocks in coniferous boreal forests in Finland: Implications for sustainability of more intensive biomass utilization

Author:
Päivi Merilä; Kaisa Mustajärvi; Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari; Sari Hilli; Antti-Jussi Lindroos; Tiina M. Nieminen; Pekka Nöjd; Pasi Rautio; Maija Salemaa; Liisa Ukonmaanaho
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2014 v.311 pp. 17-28
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; air; bark; biofuels; biomass; boreal forests; branches; climate change; coniferous forests; cutting; exports; forest ecosystems; forest management; ground vegetation; humus; logging; mineral soils; nitrogen; roots; stumps; temperature; trees; understory; Finland
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) is typically the growth-limiting factor in boreal forest ecosystems. Therefore, knowledge on forest N stocks and fluxes is crucial in order to predict and evaluate the effects of different anthropogenic factors (e.g. climate change, air pollutant deposition, forest management practices) on the condition, development and sustainability of boreal forests. In this study, we evaluated the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.029

22. Aboveground Biomass Allocation and Additive Allometric Models for Natural Larix gmelinii in the Western Daxing’anling Mountains, Northeastern China

Author:
Shengwang Meng; Quanquan Jia; Qijing Liu; Guang Zhou; Huimin Wang; Jian Yu
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Larix gmelinii; aboveground biomass; allometry; bark; branches; data collection; dry matter partitioning; equations; forests; leaves; models; mountains; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood; China
Abstract:
... Accurate estimates of tree component and aboveground biomass strongly depend on robust and precise allometric equations. However, site-specific and suitable biomass equations are currently scarce for natural Larix gmelinii forests in the western Daxing’anling Mountains, northeastern China. This study aimed to evaluate the biomass allocation patterns within tree components and develop additiv ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10020150

23. Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species

Author:
Martin, J.G.; Kloeppel, B.D.; Schaefer, T.L.; Kimbler, D.L.; Mcnulty, S.G.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1998 v.28 no.11 pp. 1648-1659
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
interspecific variation; sapwood; forest trees; nitrogen content; surface area; nitrogen; allometry; wood; volume; diameter; leaf area; bark; branches; biomass; dry matter partitioning; leaves; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species (Acer rubrum L., Betula lenta L., Carya spp., Cornus florida L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC., Quercus alba L., Quercus coccinea Muenchh., Quercus prinus L., and Quercus rubra L.) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following depen ...
DOI:
10.1139/x98-146

24. Aboveground dry matter partitioning, size variation, and competitive processes within second-growth black spruce stands

Author:
Newton, P.F.; Jolliffe, P.A.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1993 v.23 no.9 pp. 1917-1929
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Picea mariana; stand density; plant competition; bark; branches; dry matter partitioning; leaves; Newfoundland and Labrador
Abstract:
... Three density-stressed black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) populations that naturally regenerated following harvesting in 1970 were selected for study within central insular Newfoundland. Employing historical tree and stand reconstruction techniques, bark, stem, branch, foliage, and total mass distributions were estimated by age-class. Regression analysis was used to assess the effect of d ...
DOI:
10.1139/x93-242

25. Accumulation and distribution of aboveground biomass and nutrients in pure and mixed stands of guachapele and eucalyptus

Author:
Balieiro, F.C.; Fontes, R.L.F.; Dias, L.E.; Franco, A.A.; Campello, E.F.C.; Faria, S.M. de.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 2002 v.25 no.12 pp. 2639-2654
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
nutrient content; trees; phosphorus; nitrogen content; Fabaceae; nutrient uptake; Eucalyptus grandis; leaves; calcium; potassium; branches; biomass; dry matter partitioning; mixed forests; wood; nitrogen; forest litter; magnesium; forest plantations; bark; Brazil
Abstract:
... The biomass accumulation and the distribution of nutrients in the different components of the aerial parts (leaves, branch, bark, and wood) of pure and mixed stands of guachapele [Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms] and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) were quantified in Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Mixed stands had the highest production of stem tissue (204 m3/ha ...
DOI:
10.1081/PLN-120015528

26. Accumulation of cadmium and zinc in Evodiopanax innovans

Author:
Takenaka, Chisato; Kobayashi, Motoharu; Kanaya, Shotaro
Source:
Environmental geochemistry and health 2009 v.31 no.6 pp. 609-615
ISSN:
0269-4042
Subject:
Araliaceae; bark; biomass; branches; cadmium; oxalic acid; petioles; phytoremediation; polluted soils; seasonal variation; secondary forests; silver; trees; woody plants; zinc
Abstract:
... The use of tree species for phytoremediation of contaminated soil offers the advantage of a large biomass in which to store contaminants. We investigated the cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) accumulation ability of Evodiopanax innovans, a common deciduous tree species belonging to the Araliaceae family and widely found in secondary forests in Japan. Sampling was conducted at an old silver mine. Leaf sam ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10653-008-9205-6
PubMed:
18850317

27. Accumulation of constitutive diterpenoids in the rhytidome and secondary phloem of the branch bark of Larix gmelinii var. japonica

Author:
Kazuto Seki; Ken Orihashi; Mayumi Sato; Masanori Kishino; Naoto Saito
Source:
Journal of wood science 2012 v.58 no.5 pp. 437-445
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
Larix gmelinii; abietic acid; acetates; bark; biosynthesis; branches; conifers; diterpenoids; ethers; natural enemies; oleoresins; secondary phloem; trees
Abstract:
... The quantitative compositions of the major constitutive diterpenoids in the rhytidome and secondary phloem of the branch bark of Kuril larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) were investigated. The eight major diterpenoids were isolated from a diethyl ether extract of the branch bark of L. gmelinii var. japonica and identified as 13-epimanool (1), larixol (2), larixyl acetate (3), 13-epitorulosyl ace ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-012-1271-9

28. Aggregation pheromones of bark beetles, Pityogenes quadridens and P. bidentatus, colonizing Scotch pine: olfactory avoidance of interspecific mating and competition

Author:
John A. Byers; Göran Birgersson; Wittko Francke
Source:
Chemoecology 2013 v.23 no.4 pp. 251-261
ISSN:
0937-7409
Subject:
Curculionidae; Pinus sylvestris; Pityogenes bidentatus; acetaldehyde; aggregation pheromones; bark; bark beetles; bioassays; branches; ethanol; females; flight; foods; gas chromatography; head; hosts; males; mass spectrometry; monoterpenoids; pentane; phloem; sibling species; walking; Sweden
Abstract:
... The bark beetles Pityogenes bidentatus and Pityogenes quadridens (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are sibling species that feed and reproduce in bark areas on branches of Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris. To identify aggregation pheromone components of both species, hindguts and head/thoraxes of males and females of both species feeding in hosts were extracted in pentane and analyzed by gas ch ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00049-013-0139-9

29. Agrilozodes Suarezi (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) as Secondary Colonizer of a Sclerolobium sp. Branch Girdled by Oncideres Saga (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Author:
Carlos A. Corrêa; Iara S. Sampaio; José C. Zanuncio; Letizia J. Migliore; Gianfranco Curletti; Sérvio P. Ribeiro
Source:
Florida entomologist 2019 v.102 no.1 pp. 254-256
ISSN:
1938-5102
Subject:
Buprestidae; Oncideres cingulata; adults; bark; branches; cardboard; dead wood; ecological succession; eggs; girdling; host plants; insects; invertebrates; life history; microclimate; phloem; progeny; state parks; Brazil
Abstract:
... A large number of invertebrates use dead wood as shelter, food, and as a microclimate refuge. Ecological succession in this substrate depends on primary colonization, stimulating or inhibiting future successions. Twig girdler beetles girdle and lay eggs inside the bark of branches and trunks of different host plants. Branch girdling blocks the phloem flow, making it more nutritive for offspring an ...
DOI:
10.1653/024.102.0146

30. Alien Scolytines on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Author:
Jhunior A. Morillo; Amy Berkov
Source:
Florida entomologist 2019 v.102 no.3 pp. 486-489
ISSN:
1938-5102
Subject:
Curculionidae; Fabaceae; Lecythidaceae; Sapotaceae; Xylosandrus crassiusculus; ambrosia beetles; bark; branches; canopy; ecological balance; females; haploidy; insect pests; international trade; introduced species; landscapes; life history; old-growth forests; packaging materials; population growth; rearing; secondary forests; sons; trees; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Alien (exotic) insects threaten trees, landscapes, and ecosystem stability. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are saproxylic beetles that spend most of their life cycles under bark, and often are introduced to new locations through wooden packing materials used in international trade. This project reports the identification of 4 alien species reared on the Osa Penin ...
DOI:
10.1653/024.102.0301

31. Alkali Pretreatment for Improvement of Biogas and Ethanol Production from Different Waste Parts of Pine Tree

Author:
Salehian Peyman; Karimi Keikhosro
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2013 v.52 no.2 pp. 972-978
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
Pinus; alkali treatment; bark; biogas; branches; crystal structure; engineering; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol; ethanol production; leaves; lignin; sodium hydroxide; temperature; trees; wastes
Abstract:
... Improvement of biogas, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol production from different pine tree wastes, that is, needle leaves, branches, cones, and bark, were investigated using an alkali pretreatment. The pretreatment was performed with 8.0% w/w NaOH solution either at 0 °C for 60 min or 100 °C for 10 min. Different parts of the tree had dissimilar composition and properties, and effectiveness of t ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie302805c

32. Alkaloids from Microcos paniculata with Cytotoxic and Nicotinic Receptor Antagonistic Activities

Author:
Still Patrick C.; Yi Bitna; González-Cestari Tatiana F.; Pan Li; Pavlovicz Ryan E.; Chai Hee-Byung; Ninh Tran Ngoc; Li Chenglong; Soejarto Djaja Djendoel; McKay Dennis B.; Kinghorn A. Douglas
Source:
Journal of natural products 2013 v.76 no.2 pp. 243-249
ISSN:
1520-6025
Subject:
antagonists; anticarcinogenic activity; bark; branches; colon; colorectal neoplasms; cytotoxicity; humans; leaves; neoplasm cells; nicotinic receptors; piperidine alkaloids; shrubs; trees; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Microcos paniculata is a large shrub or small tree that grows in several countries in South and Southeast Asia. In the present study, three new piperidine alkaloids, microgrewiapines A–C (1–3), as well as three known compounds, inclusive of microcosamine A (4), 7′-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propenamide (5), and liriodenine (6), were isolated from cytotoxic fractions of the se ...
DOI:
10.1021/np3007414
PubMed:
23327794
PubMed Central:
PMC3580017

33. Allometric and growth data of an evergreen oak, Quercus glauca, in a secondary broadleaved forest

Author:
Hiroki Itô; Akihiro Sumida
Source:
Ecological research 2017 v.32 no.2 pp. 105
ISSN:
0912-3814
Subject:
Quercus glauca; allometry; bark; biomass; branches; carbon dioxide fixation; climate change; deciduous forests; diameter; growth rings; leaf area index; leaves; national forests; photons; photosynthesis; secondary succession; stem elongation; tree and stand measurements; trees; Japan
Abstract:
... The evergreen oak Quercus glauca often dominates secondary broadleaved forests in Western Japan. It is regarded as a mid-successional species, whose diameter and height growth fall between those of early- and late-successional species. Despite the ecological importance of this evergreen oak in the secondary succession of the evergreen broadleaved forest zone in Japan, tree-felling data that allow ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11284-016-1424-1

34. Allometric biomass, nutrient and carbon stock models for Kandelia candel of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh

Author:
Mahmood Hossain; Chameli Saha; S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah; Sanjoy Saha; Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique
Source:
Trees 2016 v.30 no.3 pp. 709-717
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Kandelia candel; aboveground biomass; allometry; bark; branches; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; equations; leaves; linear models; mangrove forests; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; potassium; shrubs; trees; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : Present study recommends DBH as independent variable of the derived allometric models and Biomass = a + b DBH ² has been selected for total above-ground biomass, nutrients and carbon stock. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce is a shrub to small tree of the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to derive the allometric models for estimating above-ground biomass, n ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-015-1314-0

35. Allometric equations for aboveground biomass estimation by size class for Pinus brutia Ten. trees growing in North and South Aegean Islands, Greece

Author:
Dimitris Zianis; Gavriil Xanthopoulos; Kostas Kalabokidis; George Kazakis; Dany Ghosn; Olga Roussou
Source:
European journal of forest research 2011 v.130 no.2 pp. 145-160
ISSN:
1612-4669
Subject:
Pinus brutia; Pinus halepensis; Pinus nigra; aboveground biomass; bark; branches; carbon; equations; fire behavior; forests; islands; models; stand structure; tree crown; tree trunk; trees; wood density; Aegean Sea; Crete; Greece; North Sea
Abstract:
... Empirical allometric equations relating biomass of aboveground components to dendrometric variables for Pinus brutia Ten. trees are derived in this paper. They are based on data collected from Lesvos (North Aegean Sea) and Crete (South Aegean Sea) Islands. Comparisons to published equations for the same species growing in northwestern and southeastern Turkey, for Pinus nigra A. growing in Turkey a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10342-010-0417-9

36. Allometric equations for predicting mineralomass in high-forest chestnut stands in Portugal

Author:
M. S. Patrício; M. Tomé
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2018 v. no.1220 pp. 125-132
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Castanea sativa; adults; allometry; bark; biomass; branches; calcium; ecosystems; equations; felling; flowers; harvesting; least squares; leaves; magnesium; models; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; potassium; prediction; trees; woodlands; Portugal
Abstract:
... The assessment of nutrients in biomass tree-components is a time-consuming and expensive process, often involving tree felling, not always possible or desirable. Thus, mineralomass prediction equations are an important tool for the quantification of the nutrients exported in management and harvesting activities towards its replacement and sustainable management, as well as to evaluate the effect o ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1220.19

37. Allometric models for biomass, nutrients and carbon stock in Excoecaria agallocha of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh

Author:
Mahmood Hossain; Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique; Sanjoy Saha; S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah
Source:
Wetlands ecology and management 2015 v.23 no.4 pp. 765-774
ISSN:
0923-4861
Subject:
Excoecaria agallocha; aboveground biomass; allometry; antimony; bark; branches; carbon; carbon sinks; forests; leaves; managers; models; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrients; phosphorus; potassium; tree and stand measurements; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Allometric relationships between easily measurable independent variables like diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH) and biomass of leaf, branch, bark, stem without bark, and total above-ground biomass of Excoecaria agallocha L. were tested. Similarly, relationships between independent variables (DBH and HT); and nutrients (N, P and K) and carbon content in total above-ground biomas ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11273-015-9419-1

38. Allometric models for estimation of aboveground biomass of Gmelina arborea Roxb. in pulpwood plantations of Bangladesh

Author:
Lulu Rayhan Khushi; Mahmood Hossain; SM Rubaiot Abdullah; Sanjoy Saha; Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique
Source:
Southern forests 2019 v.81 no.1 pp. 45-48
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Gmelina arborea; aboveground biomass; allometry; bark; branches; carbon; equations; forests; indigenous species; leaves; linear models; nitrogen; phosphorus; plantations; potassium; pulpwood; trees; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Gmelina arborea Roxb. is a fast-growing, deciduous tree species native to Bangladesh. It has been widely planted since 1992 for commercial production of pulpwood in hilly areas of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to derive well-fitting allometric models for estimation of aboveground biomass, and carbon and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) stocks in G. arborea to ensure sustai ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2018.1488209

39. Alterations in forest detritus inputs influence soil carbon concentration and soil respiration in a Central-European deciduous forest

Author:
István Fekete; Zsolt Kotroczó; Csaba Varga; Péter Tamás Nagy; Gábor Várbíró; Richard D. Bowden; János Attila Tóth; Kate Lajtha
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2014 v.74 pp. 106-114
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
bark; branches; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks; climate change; deciduous forests; greenhouse gas emissions; microclimate; models; plant litter; seasonal variation; soil formation; soil organic matter; soil respiration; soil temperature; summer; trenching; winter; wood; Hungary
Abstract:
... In a Quercetum petraeae–cerris forest in northeastern Hungary, we examined effects of litter input alterations on the quantity and quality soil carbon stocks and soil CO2 emissions. Treatments at the Síkfőkút DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) experimental site include adding (by doubling) of either leaf litter (DL) or wood (DW) (including branches, twigs, bark), and removing all abovegr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.006

40. An Assessment of Epiphytic Lichen Diversity and Environmental Quality in Knocksink Wood Nature Reserve, Ireland

Author:
Lenka Brodeková; Alan Gilmer; Paul Dowding; Howard Fox; Anna Guttová
Source:
Biology and environment 2006 v.106 no.3 pp. 215-223
ISSN:
0791-7945
Subject:
Arthonia; Fraxinus; Hypogymnia; Opegrapha; Parmelia; Pertusaria; Quercus; bark; branches; conservation areas; environmental assessment; environmental quality; epiphytes; flora; lichens; poverty; species diversity; tree trunk; trees; wood; woodlands; Ireland
Abstract:
... Epiphytic lichens are extremely sensitive to environmental perturbations. This research work has adapted and applied recently developed methods of assessing epiphytic lichen species diversity to the Irish semi–natural acidophilous woodlands of Knocksink Wood Nature Reserve, Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. The study has focused on the differences that arise in relation to acidophilous oak versus ...
DOI:
10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.215

41. An approach to predict probability and extent of red coloured heartwood in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Author:
Thomas Knoke; Stephanie Schulz Wenderoth
Source:
Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 2001 v.120 no.1-6 pp. 154-172
ISSN:
0015-8003
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; bark; branches; color; data analysis; heartwood; oxygen; risk; trees; wood
Abstract:
... This study analyses data collected from 195 felled beech trees. Probability of occurrence and heart-wood diameter were used as dependent variables.The dependent variables were significantly affected by the dbh of the stem, the height on the stem where colouration occurred, and mean diameter increment. The most important result of the analyses, from a silvicultural point of view, is that fast-growi ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02796089

42. An assessment of the movement behaviour of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.) under dynamic wind loading using triaxial accelerometers

Author:
Duncan Slater; Roland Ennos
Source:
Arboricultural journal 2016 v.38 no.4 pp. 183-203
ISSN:
2168-1074
Subject:
Corylus avellana; accelerometers; bark; branches; data collection; direct contact; roots; trees; wind
Abstract:
... Accelerometers are potentially a valuable tool in analysing the movement behaviour of trees and their component parts. Most previous research using similar tools has assessed the stability of tree stems and roots under wind loading, but accelerometers can assess a wider range of component parts of trees, associated defects and growth forms. In this study, the movement of sixteen bifurcations in se ...
DOI:
10.1080/03071375.2016.1210859

43. Analyses of early rough bark phenotype found in seedlings of a cross between the European pear ‘Bartlett’ and the Chinese pear ‘Yali’

Author:
Akiko Ogata; Akihiro Itai; Manabu Nishiyama; Hiroki Ikeda; Koki Kanahama; Yoshinori Kanayama
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2012 v.148 no. pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
Pyrus communis; bark; branches; carbon; carbon sequestration; cork; crossing; cultivars; elderly; fruit trees; pears; phenotype; planting; seedlings; shoots; starch; sucrose; tree age
Abstract:
... One of the morphological symptoms of old age in trees is the development of rough bark on trunks and branches. Here we characterized pear seedlings with a unique phenotype, early rough bark (ERB). Eight-year-old normal and ERB seedlings from a cross between the European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivar ‘Bartlett’ and the Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) cultivar ‘Yali’ were used for morphological ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.010

44. Analysis of Essential Oils from Cassia Bark and Cassia Twig Samples by GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis

Author:
Xuejiao Deng; Qiongfeng Liao; Xinjun Xu; Meicun Yao; Yuting Zhou; Manna Lin; Peiting Zhang; Zhiyong Xie
Source:
Food analytical methods 2014 v.7 no.9 pp. 1840-1847
ISSN:
1936-9751
Subject:
Cinnamomum aromaticum; bark; branches; cinnamon; discriminant analysis; essential oils; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolites; metabolome
Abstract:
... Cinnamomum cassia is one of several species of Cinnamomum which has been widely used as a spice. In this study, the chemical profiles of its bark and twig were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate data analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) of GC-MS data provided a clear s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12161-014-9821-y

45. Analysis of salicylic acid in willow barks and branches by an electrochemical method

Author:
Petrek, J.; Havel, L.; Petrlova, J.; Adam, V.; Potesil, D.; Babula, P.; Kizek, R.
Source:
Russian journal of plant physiology 2007 v.54 no.4 pp. 553-558
ISSN:
1021-4437
Subject:
Salix; bark; branches; capacitance; detection limit; electrochemistry; salicylic acid
Abstract:
... An electrochemical method for measuring free salicylic acid (SA) was optimized and used to detect its content in barks and branches of thirteen Salix species. We utilized square wave voltammetry method in combination with pencil lead, the detection limit of which was 1.7 ng/ml of salicylic acid. The highest contents of free SA were observed in the bark of S. laponum (3.0 mg/g fr wt) and in the bra ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1021443707040188

46. Anatomical and chemical characteristics of leaves and branches of Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana (Cupressaceae): A potential source of raw materials for the perfume and sweet candies industries

Author:
Maite Lascurain Rangel; José A. Guerrero-Analco; Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva; Ana L. Kiel-Martínez; Sergio Avendaño-Reyes; Juan P. Díaz Abad; Israel Bonilla-Landa; Raymundo Dávalos-Sotelo; José L. Olivares-Romero; Guillermo Angeles
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2018 v.113 pp. 50-54
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Juniperus deppeana; bark; branches; candy; cortex; cosmetics; essential oils; health services; indigenous species; industry; leaves; perfumes; phloem; physicochemical properties; polyphenols; raw materials; resin canals; wood; xylem; Mexico
Abstract:
... In North America, the genus Juniperus has a high commercial value because of the natural products derived from its wood, bark and leaves. In Mexico, the species of this genus are commonly known as junípero, sabino, enebro and táscate and they could represent potential sources of valuable products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dealing with the anatomy and the phytochemistr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.046

47. Anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity of compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L.

Author:
Eun Bi Kuk; A. Ra Jo; Seo In Oh; Hee Sook Sohn; Su Hui Seong; Anupom Roy; Jae Sue Choi; Hyun Ah Jung
Source:
Archives of pharmacal research 2017 v.40 no.3 pp. 338-349
ISSN:
0253-6269
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; Morus alba; acetylcholinesterase; active ingredients; amino acids; amyloid; bark; branches; cholinesterase; enzyme inhibition; fruits; hydrogen bonding; leaves; molecular models
Abstract:
... The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) plays important roles in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the individual parts of Morus alba L. including root bark, branches, leaves, and fruits, the root bark showed the most potent enzyme inhibitory activities. Therefore, the aim ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12272-017-0891-4

48. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of leaves, twigs and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia Reissek

Author:
Aline Augusti Boligon; Vanessa Janovik; Janaína Kieling Frohlich; Tatiana Borba Spader; Amanda Luana Forbrig Froeder; Sydney Hartz Alves; Margareth Linde Athayde
Source:
Natural product research 2012 v.26 no.10 pp. 939-944
ISSN:
1478-6427
Subject:
Artemia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Scutia; Staphylococcus aureus; anti-infective properties; bark; branches; butanol; cytotoxicity; ethyl acetate; high performance liquid chromatography; isoquercitrin; leaves; lethal dose 50; methylene chloride; minimum inhibitory concentration; quercetin; quercitrin; rutin; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions from the leaves, twigs and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia were evaluated using the broth microdilution method and the brine shrimp lethality method, respectively. Phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimi ...
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2010.535151

49. Antioxidant activities of different parts of Gnetum gnemon L.

Author:
Dayana Wazir; Syahida Ahmad; Radzali Muse; Maziah Mahmood; M. Y. Shukor
Source:
Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology 2011 v.20 no.2 pp. 234-240
ISSN:
0971-7811
Subject:
Gnetum gnemon; antioxidant activity; bark; branches; chloroform; ethanol; free radical scavengers; hexane; leaves; methanol; plant extracts; seeds
Abstract:
... Analyses on biological activities of Gnetum gnemon were done to determine the total phenolic and antioxidants of the plant. Four parts of G. gnemon were used in this study, which were leaf, bark, twig, and seeds of the plant. All parts were extracted in methanol, ethanol, hexane, chloroform and hot water using reflux. The total phenolic content of the plant extracts were determined by using Folin- ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13562-011-0051-8

50. Antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) twigs and root bark

Author:
Lee-Wen Chang; Lih-Jeng Juang; Bor-Sen Wang; Mei-Ying Wang; Huo-Mu Tai; Wei-Jing Hung; Yun-Ju Chen; Ming-Hsing Huang
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2011 v.49 no.4 pp. 785-790
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Morus alba; antioxidants; bark; branches; free radicals; high performance liquid chromatography; isoquercitrin; mulberries; phospholipids; protective effect; resveratrol; rutin; toxicology
Abstract:
... The antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of the ethanolic extract of mulberry twigs (EEMT) were investigated. The results showed that EEMT exhibited radical scavenging and reducing activity, as well as ferrous ion-chelating activity. In addition, EEMT also protected phospholipids against free radicals, indicating that EEMT could protect biomolecules from oxidative damage. Meanwhile, in the ra ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.045

51. Antiproliferative activity of ginnalin A isolated from Acer ginnala Maxim. against human and mouse neuroblastoma cell line

Author:
Un-Hye Ryu
Source:
Medicinal Plants 2021 v.13 no.1 pp. 66-71
ISSN:
0975-6892
Subject:
Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala; antineoplastic activity; antineoplastic agents; bark; branches; human cell lines; humans; leaves; medicinal plants; mice; phenolic compounds; planting
Abstract:
... Phenolic-enriched extracts of various Acer plants (maples) were reported to show anticancer effects. Despite ginnalin A, which is considered as the major phenolic compound of maple, was firstly isolated from Acer ginnala Maxim., the contents of ginnalin A in different parts of A. ginnala have not been investigated. In this study, leaves, twigs and barks of A. ginnala were evaluated for ginnalin A ...
DOI:
10.5958/0975-6892.2021.00008.3

52. Applicability of semi-destructive method to derive allometric model for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon stock in the Hill zone of Bangladesh

Author:
Hossain Mahmood; Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique; S. M. Zahirul Islam; S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah; Henry Matieu; Md. Zaheer Iqbal; Mariam Akhter
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2020 v.31 no.4 pp. 1235-1245
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
aboveground biomass; allometry; bark; branches; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate change; forest inventory; forests; hills; leaves; models; national forests; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood density; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Biomass estimation using allometric models is a nondestructive and popular method. Selection of an allometric model can influence the accuracy of biomass estimation. Bangladesh Forest Department initiated a nationwide forest inventory to assess biomass and carbon stocks in trees and forests. The relationship between carbon storage and sequestration in a forest has implications for climate change m ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-019-00881-5

53. Application of a rapid thin section method for observations on decomposing litter in mor humus form in a subalpine coniferous forest

Author:
Xing-jun Tian; Hiroshi Takeda; Tatsuo Ando
Source:
Ecological research 1997 v.12 no.3 pp. 289-300
ISSN:
0912-3814
Subject:
Betula; forest litter; Abies; mesophyll; mor; coniferous forests; degradation; tissue distribution; branches; humus; bark; stomata
Abstract:
... Morphological changes in the decomposing litter of Abies spp. and Betula spp. in a mor humus form were studied by a rapid thin section method. According to the morphological characteristics, the epidermis, mesophyll and vascular bundleof Abies needle litter were classified into four types: (i) newly fallen; (ii) slightly decomposed; (iii) moderately decomposed; and (iv) greatly decomposed. The dis ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02529458

54. Application of methyl jasmonate on Picea abies (Pinaceae) stems induces defense-related responses in phloem and xylem

Author:
Franceschi, V.R.; Krekling, T.; Christiansen, E.
Source:
American journal of botany 2002 v.89 no.4 pp. 578-586
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
Ceratocystis; resins; necrosis; application rate; jasmonic acid; wound periderm; Picea abies; disease resistance; apoptosis; defense mechanisms; phloem; induced resistance; branches; cambium; xylem; internodes; chemical constituents of plants; bark; phenolic compounds
Abstract:
... Application of 100 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MJ) to the intact bark of 30-yr-old Norway spruce induced anatomical reactions related to defense. Within 30 d, a single MJ treatment induced swelling of existing polyphenolic parenchyma cells (PP cells) and an increase in their phenolic contents and formation of additional PP cells and of traumatic resin ducts (TDs) at the cambial zone. These changes oc ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.89.4.578
PubMed:
21665658

55. Are Reintroduced Wisents a Threat to Mountain Forests?

Author:
Baraniewicz Marcin; Perzanowski Kajetan
Source:
Annales zoologici Fennici 2015 v.52 no.5–6 pp. 301-312
ISSN:
0003-455X
Subject:
Bison bonasus; bark; brambles; branches; browsing; diet; flora; logging; montane forests; shrubs; snow; trees; woody plants
Abstract:
... The diet of wisents (Bison bonasus) inhabiting the Carpathians, studied during a snow-cover period, consisted of 46.8% of woody species consumed in the following manners: debarking (86.3% of dry mass), gnawing (12.6%) and browsing (1.1%). The top two species consumed were the common ash (39.5%) and fir (22.9%). Of the 23 consumed tree and shrub species, 19 species were debarked and 10 were browsed ...
DOI:
10.5735/086.052.0505

56. Aridity and competition drive fire resistance trait covariation in mountain trees

Author:
Thibaut Fréjaville; Albert Vilà‐Cabrera; Thomas Curt; Christopher Carcaillet
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.12 pp. e02493
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
bark; branches; dry environmental conditions; dry forests; ecosystems; fire regime; fire resistance; fuels; montane forests; species diversity; temperature; tree and stand measurements; tree height; trees; variance; Alps region
Abstract:
... Fire resistance traits drive tree species composition in surface‐fire ecosystems, but how they covary at different scales of variation and with the environment is not well documented. We assessed the covariation of bark thickness (BT), tree height, and crown base‐to‐height ratio across Alpine forests, after accounting for the effects of tree diameter and competition for light on individual trait v ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2493

57. Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species part 3: Combustion of five spruce samples

Author:
Johan Werkelin; Daniel Lindberg; Dan Boström; Bengt-Johan Skrifvars; Mikko Hupa
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.1 pp. 725-733
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
bark; branches; chemical equilibrium; combustion; forests; fouling; fuels; leaves; models; phosphates; risk; shoots; silicates; tree crown; trees; vapors; wood
Abstract:
... Forest residue is the remaining fraction after the outtake of timber, which comprises the tree tops and branches. It may as fuel cause damage to the combustion device through ash slagging and fouling. The objective of this work was to model the ash composition from well-specified samples of a spruce tree: wood, bark, twigs, needles, and shoots. Their ash at 1000 °C was modelled using global chem ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.010

58. Aspalathus abbottii (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae), a new species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author:
C.H. Stirton; A.M. Muasya
Source:
South African journal of botany 2011 v.77 no.3 pp. 675-679
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Fabaceae; bark; bracts; branches; flowering; flowers; grasslands; new species; rain; shoots; summer; South Africa
Abstract:
... A new species Aspalathus abbottii C.H. Stirt. & Muasya, is described. The species is known only from Oribi Flats, KwaZulu-Natal, where it grows in grassland vegetation. The new species is characterised by its rigid spreading habit, densely and shortly villous branches, glabrous bracts and bracteoles, and 1(2) bright yellow flowers borne on short lateral shoots. It is most similar to other grasslan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2011.02.006

59. Aspidosperma species: A review of their chemistry and biological activities

Author:
Vera Lúcia de Almeida; Cláudia Gontijo Silva; Andréia Fonseca Silva; Priscilla Rodrigues Valadares Campana; Kenn Foubert; Júlio César Dias Lopes; Luc Pieters
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2019 v.231 pp. 125-140
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
Aspidosperma; diabetes mellitus; medicinal plants; plant extracts; indole alkaloids; genes; flavonoids; mass spectrometry; hypercholesterolemia; digital libraries; aril; patents; languages; antiplasmodial properties; secondary metabolites; databases; leaves; traditional medicine; antineoplastic activity; bioactive compounds; branches; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; biosynthesis; monoterpenoids; meta-analysis; biochemical pathways; new drugs; bark; antimalarials
Abstract:
... Species of Aspidosperma are known popularly as “peroba, guatambu, carapanaúba, pau-pereiro” and “quina”. The genus can be found in the Americas, mainly between Mexico and Argentina. Many species of Aspidosperma are used by the population in treating cardiovascular diseases, malaria, fever, diabetes and rheumatism. The phytochemical aspects of the species of the genus Aspidosperma have been studied ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.039

60. Assessing corewood acoustic velocity and modulus of elasticity with two impact based instruments in 11-year-old trees from a clonal-spacing experiment of Pinus radiata D. Don

Author:
Lasserre, J.P.; Mason, E.G.; Watt, M.S.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2007 v.239 no.1-3 pp. 217-221
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
forest trees; Pinus radiata; wood; modulus of elasticity; acoustic properties; clones; wood quality; tree and stand measurements; stand density; branches; bark; wood strength
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.009

61. Assessing specialized metabolite diversity of Alnus species by a digitized LC–MS/MS data analysis workflow

Author:
Kyo Bin Kang; Sunmin Woo; Madeleine Ernst; Justin J.J. van der Hooft; Louis-Félix Nothias; Ricardo R. da Silva; Pieter C. Dorrestein; Sang Hyun Sung; Mina Lee
Source:
Phytochemistry 2020 v.173 pp. 112292
ISSN:
0031-9422
Subject:
Alnus hirsuta; Alnus japonica; active ingredients; alcohol abuse; alpha-glucosidase; bark; branches; burns (injuries); chemotypes; computer simulation; diarrhea; enzyme inhibition; fever; flavonoids; fruits; gallic acid; hemorrhage; leaves; liquid chromatography; metabolites; models; plant extracts; tandem mass spectrometry; tannins; traditional medicine
Abstract:
... Alnus spp. (Betulaceae) have been used for treatments of hemorrhage, burn injuries, antipyretic fever, diarrhea, and alcoholism in traditional medicines. In this study, a digitized LC–MS/MS data analysis workflow was applied to provide an overview on chemical diversity of 15 Alnus extracts prepared from bark, twigs, leaves, and fruits of A. japonica, A. firma, A. hirsuta, and A. hirsuta var. sibir ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112292

62. Assessing the effects of vegetation types on carbon storage fifteen years after reforestation on a Chinese fir site

Author:
Wang, Qinkui; Wang, Silong; Zhang, Jianwei
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2009 v.258 no.7 pp. 1437-1441
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Alnus; mixed forests; Kalopanax septemlobus; wood; forest litter; Cunninghamia lanceolata; mixed stands; forest stands; carbon sequestration; pure stands; forest soils; forest growth; forest plantations; branches; biomass; bark; roots; leaves; understory
Abstract:
... Forest ecosystems play a significant role in sequestering carbon (C) in biomass and soils. Plantations established in subtropical China since the 1980s, mainly of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) in monocultures, have proved to be major C sinks. However, information is lacking about whether mixing Chinese fir with broadleaved tree species will increase stand growth and C sequestr ...
Handle:
10113/32999
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.050

63. Assessment of Critical Loads in Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India

Author:
Mukesh Kumar Gautam; Ashutosh Kumar Tripathi; Rajesh Kumar Manhas
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2011 v.218 no.1-4 pp. 235-264
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
Shorea robusta; aboveground biomass; acidification; acidity; anions; atmospheric deposition; bark; base saturation; branches; cation exchange capacity; cations; climate; forest ecosystems; leaves; nitrogen; parents; primary productivity; soil mineralogy; sulfur; temperature; texture; tree trunk; tropical forests; valleys; weathering; India
Abstract:
... The present study was conducted in tropical Sal forest ecosystem of the Doon valley in the Indian Himalayas to assess the critical load of sulfur and nitrogen and their exceedances. The observed pattern of throughfall ionic composition in the study are Ca2+>K+>Mg2+>Cl−> HCO3−> Na+>NO3 −> SO3 2−≥ NH4 +>F−. The sum of cation studied is 412.29 μeq l−1 and that of anions is 196.98 μeq l−1, showing cat ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-010-0638-z

64. Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers

Author:
F. Douglas Shields Jr.; Carlos V. Alonso
Source:
Water Resources Research 2012 v.48 no.4 pp. 1-16
Subject:
bark; branches; branching; drag coefficient; ecology; rivers; roughness; steady flow; stream flow; streams; submergence; wind tunnels; wood
Abstract:
... Large wood (LW) exerts an important influence on the geomorphology and ecology of streams and rivers. The magnitudes of flow forces on LW are needed to support stream management activities and are typically computed using time mean lift and drag coefficients determined in laboratory flumes using small, smooth cylinders. Herein we report measurements of forces on LW of varying complexity (simple cy ...
Handle:
10113/58924
DOI:
10.1029/2011WR011547

65. Association of a mangrove dwelling euphthiracarid mite, Acrotritia clavata (Märkel 1964) (Acari: Oribatida) with the epiphytic alga, Microspora sp.

Author:
P.K. Syamjith; N. Ramani
Source:
International journal of acarology 2013 v.39 no.8 pp. 615-619
ISSN:
1945-3892
Subject:
rearing; legs; epiphytes; feces; mites; Sarcoptiformes; Avicennia marina; claws; acarology; ecosystems; branches; bark
Abstract:
... Acrotritia clavata (Märkel 1964) is an oribatid mite, seen in association with the epiphytic alga, Microspora sp. attached to the mangrove plant, Avicennia marina . Live specimens collected from the Kadalundi–Vallikkunnu community reserve mangrove were reared in culture cells on Microspora sp. The species exhibited voracious feeding on both fresh and decayed filaments of the alga. Intensive feedin ...
DOI:
10.1080/01647954.2013.862568

66. Association of citrus psorosis B symptoms with a sequence variant of the Citrus psorosis virus RNA 2

Author:
K. Velázquez; J. A. Pina; L. Navarro; P. Moreno; J. Guerri
Source:
Plant pathology 2012 v.61 no.3 pp. 448-456
ISSN:
0032-0862
Subject:
Citrus; Citrus psorosis virus; RNA; bark; branches; coat proteins; greenhouses; inoculum; leaves; monitoring; plant diseases and disorders; seedlings; single-stranded conformational polymorphism; trees; virion; viruses
Abstract:
... Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), the type species of genus Ophiovirus, is the presumed causal agent of a bark scaling disease in citrus plants. CPsV virions are kinked filaments composed of three negative‐strand RNA molecules and a ∼48‐kDa coat protein. The virus induces two different syndromes: psorosis A (PsA), characterized by limited bark scaling lesions in the trunk and main limbs, and a m ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02525.x

67. Association of tree and plot characteristics with microhabitat formation in European beech and Douglas-fir forests

Author:
Susanne Winter; Josef Höfler; Alexa K. Michel; Andreas Böck; Donna P. Ankerst
Source:
European journal of forest research 2015 v.134 no.2 pp. 335-347
ISSN:
1612-4669
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica; Pseudotsuga menziesii; bark; biodiversity; branches; forest management; forests; microhabitats; models; stand density; tree age; tree and stand measurements; tree cavities; trees; Germany; United States
Abstract:
... Process-orientated, unmanaged forest remnants are not sufficient for halting the loss of forest biodiversity. Thus, integrated biodiversity-promoting management for forest inhabitants is needed. Microhabitats, such as tree cavities or bark pockets, are essential for the preservation of saproxylic species and of critical importance for endangered ones. This study investigates (1) which factors trig ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10342-014-0855-x

68. Atmospheric particulate matter accumulation on trees: A comparison of boles, branches and leaves

Author:
Xiaowu Xu; Xinxiao Yu; Li Mo; Yansen Xu; Le Bao; Xiaoxiu Lun
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.226 pp. 349-356
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
bark; branches; epicuticular wax; ions; leaves; nitrates; particle size; particulates; sulfur dioxide; tree trunk; trees; water solubility
Abstract:
... A quantitative comparative analysis of PM accumulation on boles, branches and leaves is necessary to better understand the reduction of airborne PM by trees. This study compared the total water-insoluble particle accumulation mass per unit area, the distribution of water-insoluble particle size fractions, and the accumulation masses and compositions of water-soluble ions among different vegetative ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.072

69. Aurifilum, a new fungal genus in the Cryphonectriaceae from Terminalia species in Cameroon

Author:
Begoude, Aime Didier B.; Gryzenhout, Marieka; Wingfield, Michael J.; Roux, Jolanda
Source:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010 v.98 no.3 pp. 263-278
ISSN:
0003-6072
Subject:
Cryphonectriaceae; DNA; Terminalia ivorensis; bark; branches; fruiting; fungi; internal transcribed spacers; new species; pathogenicity; pathogens; seedlings; social benefit; trees; tubulin; Cameroon; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Native Terminalia spp. in West Africa provide a popular source of construction timber as well as medical, spiritual and social benefits to rural populations. Very little is, however, known regarding the diseases that affect these trees. During an investigation into possible diseases of Terminalia spp. in Cameroon, orange to yellow fungal fruiting structures, resembling those of fungi in the Crypho ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10482-010-9467-8
PubMed:
20559872

70. Avoidance of harvesting and sampling artefacts in hydraulic analyses: a protocol tested on Malus domestica

Author:
Barbara Beikircher; Stefan Mayr
Source:
Tree physiology 2016 v.36 no.6 pp. 797-803
ISSN:
1758-4469
Subject:
Malus domestica; bark; branches; cutting; harvesting; seasonal variation; tree physiology; wood; xylem
Abstract:
... A prerequisite for reliable hydraulic measurements is an accurate collection of the plant material. Thereby, the native hydraulic state of the sample has to be preserved during harvesting (i.e., cutting the plant or plant parts) and preparation (i.e., excising the target section). This is particularly difficult when harvesting has to be done under transpiring conditions. In this article, we presen ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/tpv130
PubMed:
26705311
PubMed Central:
PMC4910940

71. BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants: Ecological Archives E096‐128

Author:
Daniel S. Falster; Remko A. Duursma; Masae I. Ishihara; Diego R. Barneche; Richard G. FitzJohn; Angelica Vårhammar; Masahiro Aiba; Makoto Ando; Niels Anten; Michael J. Aspinwall; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Christopher Baraloto; Michael Battaglia; John J. Battles; Ben Bond-Lamberty; Michiel van Breugel; James Camac; Yves Claveau; Lluís Coll; Masako Dannoura; Sylvain Delagrange; Jean-Christophe Domec; Farrah Fatemi; Wang Feng; Veronica Gargaglione; Yoshiaki Goto; Akio Hagihara; Jefferson S. Hall; Steve Hamilton; Degi Harja; Tsutom Hiura; Robert Holdaway; Lindsay S. Hutley; Tomoaki Ichie; Eric J. Jokela; Anu Kantola; Jeff W. G. Kelly; Tanaka Kenzo; David King; Brian D. Kloeppel; Takashi Kohyama; Akira Komiyama; Jean-Paul Laclau; Christopher H. Lusk; Douglas A. Maguire; Guerric le Maire; Annikki Mäkelä; Lars Markesteijn; John Marshall; Katherine McCulloh; Itsuo Miyata; Karel Mokany; Shigeta Mori; Randall W. Myster; Masahiro Nagano; Shawna L. Naidu; Yann Nouvellon; Anthony P. O'Grady; Kevin L. O'Hara; Toshiyuki Ohtsuka; Noriyuki Osada; Olusegun O. Osunkoya; Pablo Luis Peri; Any Mary Petritan; Lourens Poorter; Angelika Portsmuth; Catherine Potvin; Johannes Ransijn; Douglas Reid; Sabina C. Ribeiro; Scott D. Roberts; Rolando Rodríguez; Angela Saldaña-Acosta; Ignacio Santa-Regina; Kaichiro Sasa; N. Galia Selaya; Stephen C. Sillett; Frank Sterck; Kentaro Takagi; Takeshi Tange; Hiroyuki Tanouchi; David Tissue; Toru Umehara; Hajime Utsugi; Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur; Fernando Valladares; Petteri Vanninen; Jian R. Wang; Elizabeth Wenk; Richard Williams; Fabiano de Aquino Ximenes; Atsushi Yamaba; Toshihiro Yamada; Takuo Yamakura; Ruth D. Yanai; Robert A. York
Source:
Ecology 2015 v.96 no.5 pp. 1445
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
allometry; bark; biomass; biosphere; branches; carbon cycle; carbon sinks; data collection; databases; dry matter partitioning; ecosystems; energy flow; equations; fine roots; heartwood; leaf area; leaves; models; nitrogen content; ontogeny; plant growth; sapwood; surface area; trees; vegetation types; wood; wood density; woody plants
Abstract:
... Understanding how plants are constructed—i.e., how key size dimensions and the amount of mass invested in different tissues varies among individuals—is essential for modeling plant growth, carbon stocks, and energy fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. Allocation patterns can differ through ontogeny, but also among coexisting species and among species adapted to different environments. While a vari ...
DOI:
10.1890/14-1889.1

72. Bacterial Canker Disease on Populus × euramericana Caused by Lonsdalea populi in Serbia

Author:
Milica Zlatković; Imola Tenorio-Baigorria; Tamás Lakatos; Tímea Tóth; András Koltay; Predrag Pap; Miroslav Marković; Saša Orlović
Source:
Forests 2020 v.11 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Populus deltoides subsp. deltoides; Populus nigra; bacteria; bacterial canker; bark; branches; breeding programs; dieback; essential genes; exudation; hybrid poplars; interspecific hybridization; multilocus sequence typing; nucleotide sequences; pathogen identification; pathogenicity; phylogeny; plant breeding; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; root cuttings; trees; Serbia
Abstract:
... Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier clone (cl.) “I-214” is a fast-growing interspecific hybrid between Eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh) and European black poplar (Populus nigra L.). Populus × euramericana was introduced into Serbia in the 1950s and has become one of the most widely grown poplar species. In September 2019, cankers were observed on stems and branches of P. × euram ...
DOI:
10.3390/f11101080

73. Bacterial canker of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri caused by a putative Pseudomonas syringae

Author:
Sakamoto, Y.; Takikawa, Y.; Takao, Y.; Sasaki, K.
Source:
Forest pathology 2000 v.30 no.1 pp. 19-27
ISSN:
1437-4781
Subject:
infection; bacteria; Maackia amurensis; Pseudomonas syringae; branches; bark; etiology; pathogenicity; tree trunk; Japan
DOI:
10.1046/j.1439-0329.2000.00180.x

74. Bark anatomy in Croton draco var. draco (Euphorbiaceae)

Author:
Farías, Feliza Ramón; Williamson, June Simpson; Rodríguez, Silvia Valdés; Angeles, Guillermo; Portugal, Victor Olalde
Source:
American journal of botany 2009 v.96 no.12 pp. 2155-2167
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
Croton; bark; branches; essential oils; latex; physicians; secondary metabolites; traditional medicine; trees; vegetation types
Abstract:
... Many arboreal forms of the genus Croton (ca. 800 spp.), amply distributed in the Americas, have latex-producing cells in their bark, which is widely used in traditional medicine to treat skin infections and some forms of cancer. Studies validate its ethnomedicinal use--more than 20 pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites have been reported for its latex and bark--but anatomical and ecolog ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.0900035
PubMed:
21622332

75. Bark canker disease on walnut in Hungary

Author:
A. Végh; G. Borsos; I. Tenorio-Baigorria; G. Bujdoso; F. Izsépi; L. Palkovics
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 v. no.1149 pp. 47-52
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Juglans regia; bacteria; bark; branches; gardens; lakes; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; staining; summer; trees; walnuts; California; France; Hungary; Iran; Spain
Abstract:
... During August 2012, vertical oozing cankers have been observed on trunks and branches of walnut trees (Juglans regia) in the city of Zánka, near Lake Balaton and other parts of Hungary. Cankers were observed on trunks and branches, where brown-to-black exudates staining appeared on the bark mainly in the summer. The causative agent, a bacterium was first reported in California (Wilson et al., 1957 ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1149.9

76. Bark cells and xylem cells in Japanese white birch twigs initiate deacclimation at different temperatures

Author:
Maya Takeuchi; Jun Kasuga
Source:
Cryobiology 2018 v.80 pp. 96-100
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
Betula; ambient temperature; bark; branches; climate change; deacclimation; electrolytes; frost resistance; overwintering; perennials; supercooling; trees; xylem
Abstract:
... Appropriate timing of cold deacclimation is an important component of winter survival of perennial plants, such as trees, in temperate and boreal zones. Recently, concerns about predicted global climate change disturbing deacclimation timing have been increasing. The relationship between ambient temperatures and the manner by which cells' freezing resistance changes is essential for forecasting th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.11.007

77. Bark ecology of twigs vs. main stems: functional traits across eighty-five species of angiosperms

Author:
Julieta A. Rosell; Matiss Castorena; Claire A. Laws; Mark Westoby
Source:
Oecologia 2015 v.178 no.4 pp. 1033-1043
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
temperature; meristems; fire regime; Angiospermae; photosynthesis; savannas; water content; branches; bark; habitats
Abstract:
... Although produced by meristems that are continuous along the stem length, marked differences in bark morphology and in microenvironment would suggest that main stem and twig bark might differ ecologically. Here, we examined: (1) how closely associated main stem and twig bark traits were, (2) how these associations varied across sites, and (3) used these associations to infer functional and ecologi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-015-3307-5

78. Bark salicylates and condensed tannins reduce vole browsing amongst cultivated dark-leaved willows (Salix myrsinifolia)

Author:
Heiska, Susanne; Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka; Rousi, Matti; Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta
Source:
Chemoecology 2007 v.17 no.4 pp. 245-253
ISSN:
0937-7409
Subject:
Salix; bark; branches; browsing; clones; crop-weed competition; dormancy; epigallocatechin; genotype; herbal medicines; image analysis; leaves; nitrogen content; plastic film mulches; proanthocyanidins; raw materials; salicortin; salicylates; tannins; voles
Abstract:
... Vole feeding amongst herbal willows that have a high concentration of salicylates in their bark and leaves, and may therefore be cultivated for use as raw material for herbal medicine was tested in the field and in laboratory conditions. Eight clones of dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia Salisb.) were cultivated for two years with six different methods combining three fertilisation levels (non ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00049-007-0385-9

79. Bark water uptake promotes localized hydraulic recovery in coastal redwood crown

Author:
J. Mason Earles; Or Sperling; Lucas C. R. Silva; Andrew J. McElrone; Craig R. Brodersen; Malcolm P. North; Maciej A. Zwieniecki
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 2016 v.39 no.2 pp. 320-328
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
Sequoia sempervirens; bark; branches; habitats; hydraulic conductivity; image analysis; isotope labeling; leaves; meteorological data; micro-computed tomography; osmotic pressure; rain; tracheids; transpiration; trees; water potential; water uptake
Abstract:
... Coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), the world's tallest tree species, rehydrates leaves via foliar water uptake during fog/rain events. Here we examine if bark also permits water uptake in redwood branches, exploring potential flow mechanisms and biological significance. Using isotopic labelling and microCT imaging, we observed that water entered the xylem via bark and reduced tracheid emboliz ...
DOI:
10.1111/pce.12612

80. Bark-stripping on Norway spruce by red deer in Sweden: level of damage and relation to tree characteristics

Author:
Johan Månsson; Anders Jarnemo
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2013 v.28 no.2 pp. 117-125
ISSN:
1651-1891
Subject:
Cervus elaphus; Picea abies; bark; branches; risk; trees; Scandinavia; Sweden
Abstract:
... Red deer are increasing and spreading in Scandinavia. The species is capable of causing severe damage to Norway spruce through bark-stripping. We studied occurrence of bark-stripping on 18,000 trees in six study areas within two different regions in Sweden. The susceptibility for damage was related to morphological characters of the trees (bark thickness, branchiness, stem diameter) and whether th ...
DOI:
10.1080/02827581.2012.701323

81. Beetles and nematodes associated with wither Scots pines

Author:
Olena Andreieva; Oleksandr Korma; Olena Zhytova; Ivan Martynchuk; Anatoliy Vyshnevskyi
Source:
Central European Forestry Journal 2020 v.66 no.1 pp. 49-59
ISSN:
2454-0358
Subject:
Fuchsia; Ips acuminatus; Nematoda; Pinus sylvestris; adults; bark; branches; entomopathogenic nematodes; fungi; insects; morphometry; predators; pure stands; trees; wood
Abstract:
... This study focused on the occurrence of xylophagous beetles and nematodes in the different parts of Pinus sylvestris L. trees of different health condition in the pure stands in Zhytomyr region (Central Polissya). Stem fragments with thin, thick and transitional bark, branches and twigs were examined in each of 12 model trees. Xylophagous beetles were identified by adults or by galleries. Nematode ...
DOI:
10.2478/forj-2020-0001

82. Bioactive constituents from Manilkara obovata (Sabine & G.Don) J.H.Hemsl

Author:
Emmanuel Akosung; Sidonie Beactrice Kenmogne; Jules Lobe Songue; Jean Pierre Longue Ekon; Mehreen Lateef; Emmanuel Ngeufa Happi; Moses Kiprotich Langat; Georges Bellier Tabekoueng; Flavien Aristide Alfred Toze; Hans-Georg Stammler; Bruno Ndjakou Lenta; Jean Duplex Wansi; Norbert Sewald; Muhammad Shaiq Ali; Alain François Kamdem Waffo
Source:
Natural product research 2021 v.35 no.22 pp. 4347-4356
ISSN:
1478-6427
Subject:
Manilkara; X-ray diffraction; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; bark; branches; food industry; phytochemicals; research; spectroscopy; triterpenoids; urease; xanthone
Abstract:
... The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extracts of roots, stem bark, leaves and twigs of Manilkara obovata has led to the isolation of one new friedelane triterpene, lacefriedelic acid or 3β,23-dihydroxy D:A-friedooleanan-28-oic acid (1) and one new prenylated xanthone, lacexanthone or 4,7-dihydroxy-2,3,3,9,9-pentamethyl-2,2-dihydrofurano[2,3-a]pyrano[2,3-i]xanthen-13(9H)-one (2) alongs ...
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2020.1713123

83. Bioethanol production from forestry residues: A comparative techno-economic analysis

Author:
Balázs Frankó; Mats Galbe; Ola Wallberg
Source:
Applied energy 2016 v.184 pp. 727-736
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
bark; bioethanol; biogas; biorefining; branches; cellulose; electricity; energy efficiency; ethanol; ethanol production; forestry; heat; hemicellulose; market prices; pellets; production costs; profitability; pulpwood; raw materials; sawdust; sugars; wood chips; Sweden
Abstract:
... A techno-economic analysis was conducted to assess the feasibility of using forestry residues with different bark contents for bioethanol production. A proposed cellulosic ethanol biorefinery in Sweden was simulated with Aspen Plus. The plant was assumed to convert different forestry assortments (sawdust and shavings, fuel logs, early thinnings, tops and branches, hog fuel and pulpwood) to ethanol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.011

84. Biological and molecular detection of Citrus psorosis virus in the Northwest region of Morocco

Author:
Asmae Achachi; Mohammed Ibriz
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 no.1065 pp. 831-836
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Citrus; Citrus psorosis virus; bark; basins; branches; grapefruits; indicator species; mandarins; oranges; pathogens; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; surveys; trees; Morocco
Abstract:
... Psorosis is a well-known citrus disease causing serious losses in many countries, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. Psorosis-like bark scaling is frequently observed on trunks and branches of sweet orange, mandarin and grapefruit trees in Morocco. To determine if these symptoms are associated with the presence of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), RT-PCR was performed on 24 citrus trees from the ...

85. Biology of Scolytus piceae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Northern Idaho and Notes on Comparative Anatomical Features of the Larva

Author:
Malcolm M. Furniss; Sandra J. Kegley
Source:
Environmental entomology 2017 v.46 no.3 pp. 440-444
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Curculionidae; Picea engelmannii; Polygraphus rufipennis; Scolytus piceae; adults; bark; bark beetles; branches; ecological differentiation; flight; forests; head; hosts; larvae; sapwood; species recruitment; teeth; Idaho; Rocky Mountain region
Abstract:
... The forests of the northern Rocky Mountains are hosts of nine species of Nearctic conifer-infesting bark beetles of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy. One of these, Scolytus piceae Swaine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), infests spruces across the continent including Picea engelmannii Parry (Pinaceae) in Idaho. Mature larvae overwintered before transforming to adults, which infested new hosts in early June. ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvx048

86. Biomasa nadzemnoga dijela stabla obične jele, europskoga ariša i crnoga

Author:
Zečić, Željko; Vusić, Dinko; Štimac, Zoran; Cvekan, Matija; Šimić, Ante
Source:
Croatian journal of forest engineering 2011 v.32 no.1 pp. 369-377
ISSN:
1848-9672
Subject:
Abies alba; Larix decidua; Pinus nigra; aboveground biomass; bark; branches; equations; graphs; stemwood; trees; water content; wood volume
Abstract:
... This paper presents the research of abovegroud biomass of silver fir, European larch and black pine trees. The results are presented as oven-dry mass of stem wood, stem bark and branches. The research was conducted at three sites in Craotia (Fig. 2). The sample consisted of 15 silver fir trees, 28 European larch trees and 40 black pine trees (Fig. 1). Stem wood and bark volume were measured by sec ...

87. Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Wild Fruit Species in Southwest Serbia

Author:
Sabahudin Hadrović; Filip Jovanović; Sonja Braunović; Saša Eremija; Zoran Miletić; Snežana Stajić; Igor Golić
Source:
HortScience 2021 v.56 no.6 pp. 657-658
ISSN:
2327-9834
Subject:
Malus sylvestris; bark; biomass production; carbon; cherries; fruits; nitrogen; nitrogen content; pears; walnuts; wood; Serbia
Abstract:
... To select woody fruit species for biomass cropping, a study of the carbon and nitrogen content of the bark and wood of five wild fruit species in Southwest Serbia was conducted. Compared with common hazel, wild cherry, walnut, and european pear, the european crab apple has a high potential for carbon and nitrogen storage, representing a promising fruit species for biomass production. ...
DOI:
10.21273/HORTSCI15804-21

88. Biomass Losses Caused by Teratosphaeria Leaf Disease in Eucalyptus globulus Short Rotation Forestry

Author:
Severiano Pérez; Carlos J. Renedo; Alfredo Ortiz; Félix Ortiz; Agustín Santisteban
Source:
Forests 2017 v.8 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Eucalyptus globulus; Populus; bark; bioenergy; biomass; branches; clones; disease resistance; energy; foliar diseases; leaves; open pollination; seeds; short rotation forestry; tree height; trees; Europe
Abstract:
... This article presents the results of a study that examines the loss of biomass and energy, per hectare, caused by Teratosphaeria leaf disease (TLD) in Eucalyptus globulus short rotation forestry. The 95 Eucalyptus globulus taxa analyzed are from seeds of open pollinated families of both Spanish and Australian origin. Tree height and diameter were measured and the crown damage index (CDI) assessed ...
DOI:
10.3390/f8110447

89. Biomass Modeling of Larch (Larix spp.) Plantations in China Based on the Mixed Model, Dummy Variable Model, and Bayesian Hierarchical Model

Author:
Dongsheng Chen; Xingzhao Huang; Shougong Zhang; Xiaomei Sun
Source:
Forests 2017 v.8 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Larix; allometry; bark; biomass; branches; conifer needles; equations; forest plantations; forests; monitoring; prediction; roots; statistical models; stemwood; trees; China
Abstract:
... With the development of national-scale forest biomass monitoring work, accurate estimation of forest biomass on a large scale is becoming an important research topic in forestry. In this study, the stem wood, branches, stem bark, needles, roots and total biomass models for larch were developed at the regional level, using a general allometric equation, a dummy variable model, a mixed effects model ...
DOI:
10.3390/f8080268

90. Biomass and aboveground net primary production in a subtropical mangrove stand of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong at Manko Wetland, Okinawa, Japan

Author:
Khan, Md. Nabiul Islam; Suwa, Rempei; Hagihara, Akio
Source:
Wetlands ecology and management 2009 v.17 no.6 pp. 585-599
ISSN:
0923-4861
Subject:
primary productivity; longevity; aboveground biomass; leaf area index; trees; wet season; seasonal variation; branches; bark; roots; leaves; Ryukyu Archipelago
Abstract:
... Biomass and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a monospecific pioneer stand of a mangrove Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong were quantified. The estimated biomasses in leaves, branches, stems, roots, aboveground and total were 5.61 (3.68%), 28.8 (18.9%), 46.1 (30.2%), 71.8 (47.2%), 80.5 (52.8%) and 152 Mg ha⁻¹ (100%), respectively. Stem phytomass increment per tree was estimated using allom ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11273-009-9136-8

91. Biomass and nutrient allocation to aboveground components in fertilized Eucalyptus saligna and E. urograndis plantations

Author:
Márcio Viera; Mauro Valdir Schumacher; Darlan Michel Bonacina; Luiz Otavio de Oliveira Ramos; Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro
Source:
New forests 2017 v.48 no.3 pp. 445-462
ISSN:
0169-4286
Subject:
Acrisols; Eucalyptus saligna; Leptosols; Vertisols; aboveground biomass; bark; biogeochemical cycles; branches; business enterprises; calcium; canopy; copper; dry matter partitioning; ecosystems; fertilizers; grasslands; leaves; magnesium; nutrient content; nutrients; nutritional status; plantations; planting; potassium; pulp; risk; soil nutrients; wood; Brazil
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass allocation and nutrient pools in aboveground biomass components in 18-month-old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna and E. urophylla × E. grandis (i.e. E. urograndis) in Brazil. The plantations were established by pulp companies in a large area comprising three soil types (Acrisols, Vertisols and Leptosols) in the grassland biome in southern Brazil ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11056-017-9572-x

92. Biomass and nutrient content of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stem and branches in a mixed stand in southern Belgium

Author:
André, Frédéric; Jonard, Mathieu; Ponette, Quentin
Source:
Science of the total environment 2010 v.408 no.11 pp. 2285-2294
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; Quercus petraea; bark; biomass; branches; clearcutting; equations; forests; harvesting; nutrient content; nutrients; soil; statistical models; trees; wood; Belgium
Abstract:
... Accurate estimates of the amounts of nutrients immobilised in the organs and tissues of different tree species are of prime importance to make appropriate tree species selection and determine the harvesting regime that will ensure forest sustainability. Sixteen sessile oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) (64-129years; stem diameters: 17-57cm) and twelve beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) (43-86years; ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.040
PubMed:
20231032

93. Biomass and nutrient element dynamics in Douglas-fir: effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization over 18 years

Author:
Mitchell, A.K.; Barclay, H.J.; Brix, H.; Pollard, D.F.W.; Benton, R.; deJong, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1996 v.26 no.3 pp. 376-388
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
nutrient intake; nutrient content; plant nutrition; branches; nitrogen; calcium; tree age; chemical constituents of plants; magnesium; potassium; forest plantations; Pseudotsuga menziesii; phosphorus; bark; biomass; leaves; nitrogen fertilizers; British Columbia
Abstract:
... The effects of thinning (two-thirds of basal area removed) and N fertilization (448 kg N/ha as urea) on biomass and nutrition of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand at Shawnigan Lake were studied over 18 years. At years 0, 9, and 18 after treatments, the aboveground biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of stemwood, stem bark, foliage, and dead and live branch ...
DOI:
10.1139/x26-042

94. Biomass and stand characteristics of a highly productive mixed douglas-fir and western hemlock plantation in coastal Washington

Author:
Harrison, Robert B.; Terry, Thomas A.; Licata, Christopher W.; Flaming, Barry L.; Meade, Rod; Guerrini, Irae A.; Strahm, Brian D.; Xue, Dongsen; Lolley, M. Reese; Sidell, Amy R.; Wagoner, Gage L.; Briggs, David; Turnblom, Eric C.
Source:
Western journal of applied forestry 2009 v.24 no.4 pp. 180-186
ISSN:
0885-6095
Subject:
Pseudotsuga menziesii; aboveground biomass; bark; branches; equations; leaves; rivers; stand characteristics; stemwood; trees; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Aboveground biomass predictive equations were developed for a highly productive 47-year-old mixed Douglas-fir and western hemlock stand in southwest Washington State to characterize the preharvest stand attributes for the Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity Study. The equations were developed using detailed biomass data taken from 31 Douglas-fir and 11 western hemlock trees within the original ...

95. Biomass equations for selected drought-tolerant eucalypts in South Africa

Author:
Darius Phiri; Pierre Ackerman; Brand Wessels; Ben du Toit; Marie Johansson; Harald Säll; Sven-Olof Lundqvist; Thomas Seifert
Source:
Southern forests 2015 v.77 no.4 pp. 255-262
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; allometry; bark; biomass; branches; branchwood; carbon sequestration; coasts; drought tolerance; equations; forests; leaves; models; stemwood; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... In the water-scarce environment of South Africa, drought-tolerant eucalypt species have the potential to contribute to the timber and biomass resource. Biomass functions are a necessary prerequisite to predict yield and carbon sequestration. In this study preliminary biomass models for Eucalyptus cladocalyx , E. gomphocephala and E. grandis · E. camaldulensis from the dry West Coast of South Afric ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2015.1055542

96. Biomass functions and nutrient contents of European beech, oak, sycamore maple and ash and their meaning for the biomass supply chain

Author:
Kai Husmann; Sabine Rumpf; Jürgen Nagel
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2018 v.172 pp. 4044-4056
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
Acer pseudoplatanus; Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica; Fraxinus; Quercus; bark; biomass; branches; deciduous forests; forest stands; industry; models; nutrient content; prediction; processing technology; raw materials; regression analysis; stemwood; supply chain; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood utilization; Germany
Abstract:
... Woody biomass from forests has great potential to provide a continuous and largely carbon-neutral raw material supply for the biobased industry. As the demand for forestry products is already very high and steadily increasing, the question arises how to match the limited available wood resources to the growing demand for raw materials. Thus, there is an initial need to properly estimate the availa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.019

97. Biomass functions applicable to Scots pine

Author:
Cienciala, E.; Černý, M.; Tatarinov, F.; Apltauer, J.; Exnerová, Z.
Source:
Trees 2006 v.20 no.4 pp. 483-495
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
height; altitude; measurement; tree and stand measurements; conifers; statistical models; forest trees; tree crown; equations; temperate zones; Pinus sylvestris; bark; branches; tree growth; tree age; allometry; regression analysis; conifer needles; seed cones; Central European region; Czech Republic
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-006-0064-4

98. Biomass yield and energy potential of short-rotation energy plantations of Gmelina arborea one year old in Costa Rica

Author:
Carolina Tenorio; Roger Moya; Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar; Elemer Briceño-Elizondo
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2016 v.82 pp. 63-73
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Gmelina arborea; ash content; bark; bioenergy; biomass production; branches; carbon; energy; energy crops; multivariate analysis; nitrogen; plantations; planting; specific gravity; tree and stand measurements; trees; water content; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Short-rotation woody plantations have been recently established in Costa Rica and Gmelina arborea has gained popularity The present work assesses tree diameter and height, biomass distribution, specific gravity, green density, moisture content, calorific value, ash content, volatile materials, carbon, nitrogen, extractives and production of energy in one-year-old short-rotation energy plantations ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.005

99. Biomass, Annual Net Primary Production, and Dynamics of Six Mineral Elements in a Post Oak‐Blackjack Oak Forest

Author:
Forrest L. Johnson; Paul G. Risser
Source:
Ecology 1974 v.55 no.6 pp. 1246-1258
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Quercus stellata; bark; biomass production; branches; calcium; forests; leaf area index; leaves; magnesium; manganese; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; primary productivity; roots; stand structure; understory; Oklahoma
Abstract:
... Dimension analysis was used to estimate biomass and annual net primary production for a post oak—blackjack oak (Quercus stellata—Q. marilandica) forest in central Oklahoma. Concentrations of six mineral elements in various plant tissues were determined and used with biomass and production estimates to calculate the annual cycle of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn in the forest. Total organic material in th ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935453

100. Biomass, basic density and biomass expansion factor functions for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Denmark

Author:
Jens Peter Skovsgaard; Thomas Nord-Larsen
Source:
European journal of forest research 2012 v.131 no.4 pp. 1035-1053
ISSN:
1612-4669
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica; aboveground biomass; bark; branches; dry matter partitioning; forest stands; model validation; models; root systems; stand density; tree and stand measurements; trees; wood density; Denmark
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to analyse the within-tree allocation of biomass and to develop biomass functions for above- and below-ground components of European beech in Denmark. Separate functions were developed for stem, branches, below-ground stump and root system, total above-ground biomass and total tree biomass. For each of these components or aggregate components, models were also devel ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10342-011-0575-4