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1. A Case of Unilateral Periorbital Cellulitis and Mandibular Osteomyelitis in a Turkey Flock

Author:
Corrand L.; Lucas M. N.; Douet J. Y.; Etienne C. L.; Albaric O.; Cadec A.; Guérin J. L.
Source:
Avian diseases 2012 v.56 no.2 pp. 427-431
ISSN:
1938-4351
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; beak; cellulitis; diet; farms; flocks; osteomyelitis; poultry diseases; sinusitis; skull; toxicity; turkeys
Abstract:
... A farm of meat turkeys was affected by a condition, clinically characterized by unilateral inflammation of the orbital region and progressive crossing of the beak, observed in three successive flocks in 2010. While no toxic, genetic, technical, or diet causes could be found, pathologic and bacteriologic analyses were conducted to investigate the case. Pathologic analyses of the heads of affected b ...
DOI:
10.1637/9910-083111-Case.1

2. A Destructive Leaf Spot and Blight Caused by Alternaria kareliniae sp. nov. on a Sand-Stabilizing Plant, Caspian Sea Karelinia

Author:
Biao Xu; Jiage Song; Pinggen Xi; Minhui Li; Tom Hsiang; Zide Jiang
Source:
Plant disease 2018 v.102 no.1 pp. 172-178
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; adenosinetriphosphatase; agar; basins; beak; blight; calmodulin; carrots; disease control; fungi; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; mortality; new species; pathogen identification; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; phylogeny; potatoes; stems; translation (genetics); Caspian Sea; China
Abstract:
... Leaf spots and stem lesions causing widespread mortality of Caspian Sea karelinia (Karelinia caspia) were observed in desert regions of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Fifteen samples were collected from five widely distributed counties of Tarim and Junggar Basins in 2016. The pathogen was identified using morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses based on combined partial seq ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-17-0842-RE

3. A Disseminated Cryptococcus gattii VGIIa Infection in a Citron-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) in Québec, Canada

Author:
Édouard O. Maccolini; Philippe J. Dufresne; Sophie Ann Aschenbroich; Brittany McHale; Julie-Hélène Fairbrother; Christian Bédard; Julie A. Hébert
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2017 v.31 no.2 pp. 142-151
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Cacatua sulphurea; Cryptococcus gattii; beak; birds; brain; coasts; fluconazole; genotype; lungs; males; mammals; microbial culture; minimum inhibitory concentration; necropsy; spleen; subtropics; Africa; Australia; Quebec; South America; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Cryptococcus gattii infection in mammals and birds has been confined historically to tropical and subtropical regions in Australia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Since the early 2000s, numerous reports describe the emergence of C. gattii on the Pacific Coast of North America. We report on a C. gattii infection in an 8-year-old male citron-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocri ...
DOI:
10.1647/2016-193

4. A Novel DNA Virus Associated with Feather Inclusions in Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

Author:
K. S. Latimer; P. M. Rakich; W. L. Steffens; I. M. Kircher; B. W. Ritchie; F. D. Niagro; P. D. Lukert
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.28 no.4 pp. 300-304
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Agapornis; Amazona; Beak and feather disease virus; Cacatuidae; animal pathology; beak; biopsy; cell nucleus; enzymes; epithelial cells; epithelium; feathers; histopathology; macrophages; parrots; pulp; viral antigens; virion
Abstract:
... The nature of feather inclusions was characterized in 32 psittacine birds (30 cockatoos, one peachfaced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis), and one red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis autumnalis)) with naturally-acquired psittacine beak and feather disease. Intranuclear inclusions within feather epithelial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusions within macrophages in the feather epithelium and ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098589102800406

5. A chicken-sized crane precursor from the early Oligocene of France

Author:
Gerald Mayr
Source:
Naturwissenschaften 2005 v.92 no.8 pp. 389-393
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
Gruidae; beak; birds; fossils; grasslands; skeleton; France
Abstract:
... A skeleton of a chicken-sized crane precursor is described from the Lower Oligocene of the Lubéron in Southern France. Parvigrus pohli gen. et sp. nov. is the most substantial Paleogene fossil record of the Grues (Aramidae [limpkin] + Gruidae [cranes]), and among its oldest representatives. The fossil species is classified in the new taxon Parvigruidae, which is shown to be the sister group of ext ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-005-0007-8

6. A combination of rules govern fruit trait preference by frugivorous bat and bird species: nutrients, defence and size

Author:
Tobias Nicolas Rojas; Octavio Augusto Bruzzone; Iris Catiana Zampini; María Inés Isla; Pedro G. Blendinger
Source:
Animal behaviour 2021 v.176 pp. 111-123
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Chiroptera; animal behavior; beak; birds; captive animals; diet; energy; frugivores; fruits; geometry; mouth; optimal nutrition; toxicity
Abstract:
... Several hypotheses explain how sensory, anatomical and physiological constraints drive fruit preference in frugivores. Optimal diet theory (ODT) states that frugivores make decisions based on the energy contained in food. In contrast, geometry of nutrition (GN) states that animals balance their macronutrient intake instead, opting for rough energy. The defence trade-off hypothesis (DTH) assumes a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.04.001

7. A comparative analysis of the foraging behaviour of the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus coexisting in the Alps

Author:
ROLANDO, ANTONIO; LAIOLO, PAOLA; FORMICA, MASSIMO
Source:
Ibis 1997 v.139 no.3 pp. 461-467
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
adults; autumn; beak; correlation; diet; foraging; habitats; juveniles; pastures; summer; Alps region
Abstract:
... The foraging behaviour of the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus was studied during summer and autumn in the western Italian Alps. We assessed feeding times, feeding rates and foraging techniques associated with different foraging habitats. The Alpine Chough is mainly a ground surface feeder, stays for a rela-tively short time at a feeding site (on average 2. ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.1997.tb04659.x

8. A comparison of the labrum-paragnath complex in five species of calanoid copepods

Author:
Alan Lewis
Source:
Crustaceana v.87 no.10 pp. 1200-1224
ISSN:
0011-216X
Subject:
Copepoda; beak; carnivores; detritivores; ingestion; sclerotization
Abstract:
... Although some information is available on how calanoid copepods collect and handle food, there is very little information on the labrum and paragnaths, structures that are the last to receive food before trituration and ingestion. Five species were used to examine the nature of and differences between the labrum-paragnath complex, species with a variety of feeding modes ranging from detritivore to ...
DOI:
10.1163/15685403-00003319

9. A geometric morphometric appraisal of beak shape in Darwin’s finches

Author:
D. J. FOSTER; J. PODOS; A. P. HENDRY
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2008 v.21 no.1 pp. 263-275
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Fringillidae; beak; morphometry; morphs
Abstract:
... Beak size and shape in Darwin’s finches have traditionally been quantified using a few univariate measurements (length, depth, width). Here we show the improved inferential resolution of geometric morphometric methods, as applied to three hierarchical levels: (i) among seven species on Santa Cruz Island, (ii) among different sites on Santa Cruz for a single species (Geospiza fortis), and (iii) bet ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01449.x
PubMed:
18021202

10. A meta-analysis on the effect of environmental enrichment on feather pecking and feather damage in laying hens

Author:
Nienke van Staaveren; Jennifer Ellis; Christine F. Baes; Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.2 pp. 397-411
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; cages; environmental enrichment; farms; meta-analysis; multivariate analysis; prediction; statistical models; systematic review
Abstract:
... Feather pecking (FP) is a significant issue in laying hens, which impacts societal acceptance of poultry farming, farm productivity, and bird welfare. Environmental enrichment—modifications of the environment to stimulate biological functioning and psychological well-being of animals—is one management strategy farmers can use to mitigate FP. However, inconsistent results of environmental enrichmen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.006

11. A multi-locus analysis of phylogenetic relationships within grass subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) inferred from sequences of nuclear single copy gene regions compared with plastid DNA

Author:
Anne Hochbach; Julia Schneider; Martin Röser
Source:
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2015 v.87 pp. 14-27
ISSN:
1055-7903
Subject:
Brachyelytrum; beak; grasses; hybrids; loci; chloroplast DNA; data collection; nuclear genome; monophyly; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; phytochrome; exons; Ampelodesmos mauritanicus
Abstract:
... To investigate phylogenetic relationships within the grass subfamily Pooideae we studied about 50 taxa covering all recognized tribes, using one plastid DNA (cpDNA) marker (matK gene–3′trnK exon) and for the first time four nuclear single copy gene loci. DNA sequence information from two parts of the nuclear genes topoisomerase 6 (Topo6) spanning the exons 8–13 and 17–19, the exons 9–13 encoding p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.010

12. A new isolate of beak and feather disease virus from endemic wild red-fronted parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in New Zealand

Author:
Ortiz-Catedral, Luis; Kurenbach, Brigitta; Massaro, Melanie; McInnes, Kate; Brunton, Dianne H.; Hauber, Mark E.; Martin, Darren P.; Varsani, Arvind
Source:
Archives of virology 2010 v.155 no.4 pp. 613-620
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; feathers; genes; genotype; parakeets; parrots; phylogeny; viruses; Australia; Europe; New Zealand; Thailand
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a viral disease distributed worldwide with a potentially critical impact on many rare parrots. While efforts have been made to determine its prevalence in wild and captive psittacines, only limited work has been done to document complete genomes of its causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). Here, we describe five full genomes of BFDV i ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-010-0607-2
PubMed:
20180139

13. A new passeriform (Aves: Passeriformes) from the early Oligocene of Poland sheds light on the beginnings of Suboscines

Author:
Zbigniew M. Bochenski; Teresa Tomek; Małgorzata Bujoczek; Grzegorz Salwa
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2021 v.162 no.2 pp. 593-604
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Oligocene epoch; Passeriformes; beak; birds; forests; fruits; ornithology; tail; trees; Poland
Abstract:
... The paper describes a complete specimen of a passerine bird from the early Oligocene of Poland, preserved as imprints of bones and feathers on two slabs. Crosnoornis nargizia gen. et sp. nov. is just the fifth passerine species described from the Paleogene worldwide and the fourth complete. The features preserved in the distal elements of the wing exclude Acanthisittidae and Oscines and indicate t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-021-01858-0

14. A new phylogeny of tetraodontiform fishes (Tetraodontiformes, Acanthomorpha) based on 22 loci

Author:
Francesco Santini; Laurie Sorenson; Michael E. Alfaro
Source:
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2013 v.69 no.1 pp. 177-187
ISSN:
1055-7903
Subject:
Tetraodontiformes; beak; bones; data collection; fins; fish; loci; nucleotides; phylogeny
Abstract:
... Tetraodontiform fishes represent one of the most peculiar radiations of teleost fishes. In spite of this, we do not currently have a consensus on the phylogenetic relationships among the major tetraodontiform lineages, with different morphological and molecular datasets all supporting contrasting relationships. In this paper we present the results of the analysis of tetraodontiform interrelationsh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.014
PubMed:
23727595

15. A novel concept of Fe-mineral-based magnetoreception: histological and physicochemical data from the upper beak of homing pigeons

Author:
Fleissner, Gerta; Stahl, Branko; Thalau, Peter; Falkenberg, Gerald; Fleissner, Günther
Source:
Naturwissenschaften 2007 v.94 no.8 pp. 631-642
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
Columba livia; X-radiation; absorption; axons; beak; birds; dendrites; fluorescence; histology; iron; maghemite; magnetic fields; magnetite; nerve tissue; posture; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Animals make use of the Earth's magnetic field for navigation and regulation of vegetative functions; however, the anatomical and physiological basis for the magnetic sense has not been elucidated yet. Our recent results from histology and X-ray analyses support the hypothesis that delicate iron-containing structures in the skin of the upper beak of homing pigeons might serve as a biological magne ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-007-0236-0
PubMed:
17361399

16. A pattern of unique embryogenesis occurring via apomixis in Carya cathayensis

Author:
B. Zhang; Z. J. Wang; S. H. Jin; G. H. Xia; Y. J. Huang; J. Q. Huang
Source:
Biologia plantarum 2012 v.56 no.4 pp. 620-627
ISSN:
0006-3134
Subject:
beak; embryo sac; Carya; cotyledons; trees; apomixis; zygote; embryogenesis
Abstract:
... Apomixis represents an alteration of classical sexual plant reproduction to produce seeds that have essentially clonal embryos. In this report, hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.), which is an important oil tree, is identified as a new apomictic species. The ovary has a chamber containing one ovule that is unitegmic and orthotropous. Embryological investigations indicated that the developmental patt ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10535-012-0256-2

17. A preliminary in vivo study on the potential application of a novel method of e-tracking in the poultry food chain and its potential impact on animal welfare

Author:
Barry Mc Inerney; Gerard Corkery; Gashaw Ayalew; Shane Ward; Kevin Mc Donnell
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2011 v.79 no.1 pp. 51-62
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
in vivo studies; beak; broiler chickens; screening; barcoding; weight gain; ownership; industry; animal welfare; readability; food chain; fraud; traceability
Abstract:
... The feasibility of using DataMatrix (DM) barcodes laser printed onto the beaks of poultry as a possible method of identification and therefore traceability of the individual was examined in this study, including a preliminary live trial on broiler chicks in a commercial environment. In vitro trials were initially conducted to select the optimal laser type and the optimal laser settings for this pa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2011.08.004

18. A preliminary in vivo study on the potential application of e-tracking in poultry using ink printed 2D barcodes

Author:
Mc Inerney, Barry; Corkery, Gerard; Ayalew, Gashaw; Ward, Shane; Mc Donnell, Kevin
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2010 v.73 no.2 pp. 112-117
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
broiler chickens; animal identification; barcoding; printing inks; beak; abrasion resistance; adhesion; poultry production
Abstract:
... A preliminary study on the potential application of electronic tracking in poultry in vivo has been conducted. The experimental procedure for this study was based on previous in vitro findings () as part of the same research programme. The study consisted of two phases whereby an initial experiment using inkjet printing of 10×10 DataMatrix barcodes onto the beaks of broiler chickens in a live comm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2010.06.004

19. A sixth species of Pictolejeunea (Jungermanniopsida) from the Venezuelan Guyana

Author:
T. Pócs
Source:
Acta botanica Hungarica 2007 v.49 no.1-2 pp. 109-119
ISSN:
1588-2578
Subject:
Jungermanniopsida; beak; national parks; perianth; Guyana
Abstract:
... Pictolejeunea piconii Pócs is described from the Canaima National Park in Venezuelan Guyana. It differs from the previously known five species by its sharply refracted lobe, by the parallelly elongated cells of free lobule margin, by the broad reniform underleaves of 2–3x stem width with rounded lobes and by its perianth with auriculate wings, fimbriately dentate margin and exserted beak. ...
DOI:
10.1556/abot.49.2007.1-2.12

20. A skull of a very large crane from the late Miocene of Southern Germany, with notes on the phylogenetic interrelationships of extant Gruinae

Author:
Gerald Mayr; Thomas Lechner; Madelaine Böhme
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2020 v.161 no.4 pp. 923-933
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Leucogeranus leucogeranus; Miocene epoch; beak; fossils; freshwater; ornithology; phylogeny; skull; Germany
Abstract:
... We describe a partial skull of a very large crane from the early late Miocene (Tortonian) hominid locality Hammerschmiede in southern Germany, which is the oldest fossil record of the Gruinae (true cranes). The fossil exhibits an unusual preservation in that only the dorsal portions of the neurocranium and beak are preserved. Even though it is, therefore, very fragmentary, two morphological charac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-020-01799-0

21. A small, narrow‐beaked albatross from the Pliocene of New Zealand demonstrates a higher past diversity in the feeding ecology of the Diomedeidae

Author:
Gerald Mayr; Alan J. D. Tennyson
Source:
Ibis 2020 v.162 no.3 pp. 723-734
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Diomedeidae; Pliocene epoch; beak; extinction; fauna; new species; piscivores; seabirds; skull; squid; New Zealand
Abstract:
... We describe a nearly complete, three‐dimensionally preserved skull of a new albatross species from the late Pliocene (3.0–3.4 million years ago) Tangahoe Formation of New Zealand. Aldiomedes angustirostris, n. gen. et sp. has only about 90% of the length of the skull of the smallest extant albatross and is the geologically youngest record of a small‐sized albatross known to date. The new species i ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12757

22. A test of pollinator specificity and morphological convergence between nectarivorous birds and rainforest tree flowers in New Guinea

Author:
Brown, E.D.; Hopkins, M.J.G.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.103 no.1 pp. 89-100
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
beak; tropical rain forests; flowers; trees; wild birds; pollination; Papua New Guinea
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328429

23. A unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in South Africa

Author:
Varsani, Arvind; de Villiers, Gillian K.; Regnard, Guy L.; Bragg, Robert R.; Kondiah, Kulsum; Hitzeroth, Inga I.; Rybicki, Edward P.
Source:
Archives of virology 2010 v.155 no.3 pp. 435-439
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; budgerigars; farms; feathers; genome; genotype; sequence analysis; South Africa; Thailand
Abstract:
... Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) infects psittaciformes worldwide. We provide an annotated sequence record of three full-length unique genomes of BFDV isolates from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) from a breeding farm in South Africa. The isolates share >99% nucleotide sequence identity with each other and ~96% nucleotid ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-010-0589-0
PubMed:
20127375

24. Acute Beak and Feather Disease in juvenile African Grey parrots - an uncommon presentation of a common disease

Author:
Doneley, R.J.T.
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2003 v.81 no.4 pp. 206-207
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Psittacus erithacus; beak; case studies; chronic diseases; death; feathers; lesions (animal); parrots
Abstract:
... Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease is commonly diagnosed all over the world as a viral disease of psittacine birds that primarily results in abnormalities of the feathers and beak. The clinical presentation of this disease varies between species and age groups, but in the majority of cases the course of the disease is chronic. This case report documents an acute form of the disease in African Gre ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11472.x

25. Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant

Author:
Gregory B. Noe; Meghan Q.N. Fellows; Lorraine Parsons; Janelle West; John Callaway; Sally Trnka; Mark Wegener; Joy Zedler
Source:
Restoration ecology 2019 v.27 no.4 pp. 750-757
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum; adaptive management; annuals; beak; bees; birds; canopy; case studies; conservation areas; desalination; germination; global warming; grasses; indigenous species; introduced plants; littoral zone; monitoring; parasitism; perennials; pollinators; rain; regression analysis; reproduction; roots; salt marsh plants; salt marshes; temperature; tides; upland soils; California
Abstract:
... In theory, extirpated plant species can be reintroduced and managed to restore sustainable populations. However, few reintroduced plants are known to persist for more than a few years. Our adaptive‐management case study illustrates how we restored the endangered hemiparasitic annual plant, Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum (salt marsh bird's beak), to Sweetwater Marsh, San Diego Bay National ...
DOI:
10.1111/rec.12934

26. Adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches revisited using whole genome sequencing

Author:
Markus Sällman Almén; Sangeet Lamichhaney; Jonas Berglund; B. Rosemary Grant; Peter R. Grant; Matthew T. Webster; Leif Andersson
Source:
BioEssays 2016 v.38 no.1 pp. 14-20
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
Fringillidae; adaptive radiation; beak; biodiversity; birds; evolutionary adaptation; genetic relationships; genome; haplotypes; hybridization; loci; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... We recently used genome sequencing to study the evolutionary history of the Darwin's finches. A prominent feature of our data was that different polymorphic sites in the genome tended to indicate different genetic relationships among these closely related species. Such patterns are expected in recently diverged genomes as a result of incomplete lineage sorting. However, we uncovered conclusive evi ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.201500079

27. Adjustment of female reproductive investment according to male carotenoid-based ornamentation in a gallinaceous bird

Author:
Carlos Alonso-Alvarez; Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez; María Ester Ferrero; Esther García de-Blas; Fabián Casas; Francois Mougeot
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2012 v.66 no.5 pp. 731-742
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Alectoris rufa; beak; clutch size; eggs; energy; eyes; females; males; partridges; progeny; testosterone
Abstract:
... Carotenoid-based ornaments (many yellow–orange–red colourations) may signal the genetic or parental quality of the bearer. Thus, their expression could influence the amount of resources/energy that the mate will invest in the production of offspring, thereby optimising its reproductive fitness. The differential allocation hypothesis (DAH) predicts that females mated with more attractive males shou ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-012-1321-8

28. Advances in genetic selection and breeder practice improve commercial layer hen welfare

Author:
Greg Underwood; Daniel Andrews; Tin Phung
Source:
Animal production science 2021 v.61 no.10 pp. 856-866
ISSN:
1836-0939
Subject:
beak; egg production; egg quality; feed intake; genetic analysis; genetic selection; heterosis; issues and policy; laying hens; markets; meat; quantitative traits; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Modern commercial layer breeds represent the culmination of ~7000 years of natural genetic selection. This selection was driven in former times by a combination of genetic-shift and -drift events, that led to chickens being favoured as domesticated species for meat and egg production. More recently, in the early 20th century, the concept of hybrid vigour was discovered and accelerated the natural ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN20383

29. Advances in research on genetic relationships of waterfowl parvoviruses

Author:
Yanhui Chen; Ruth Afumba; Fusheng Pang; Rongxin Yuan; Hao Dong
Source:
Journal of Veterinary Research 2021 v.65 no.4 pp. 391-399
ISSN:
2450-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; beak; ducks; dwarfing; epidemiology; industry; morbidity; mortality; necropsy; veterinary medicine; viruses; waterfowl; weight loss; China
Abstract:
... Derzsy’s disease and Muscovy duck parvovirus disease have become common diseases in waterfowl culture in the world and their potential to cause harm has risen. The causative agents are goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), which can provoke similar clinical symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates. In recent years, duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome has been prevalen ...
DOI:
10.2478/jvetres-2021-0063

30. Age Validation in Octopus vulgaris Beaks Across the Full Ontogenetic Range: Beaks as Recorders of Life Events in Octopuses

Author:
Perales-Raya Catalina; Almansa Eduardo; Bartolomé Aurora; Felipe Beatriz C.; Iglesias José; Sánchez Francisco Javier; Carrasco José Francisco; Rodríguez Carmen
Source:
Journal of shellfish research 2014 v.33 no.2 pp. 481-493
ISSN:
0730-8000
Subject:
Octopus vulgaris; adults; aquariums; beak; jaws; life events; ontogeny; wild animals
Abstract:
... This study demonstrates the daily deposition of increments in Octopus vulgaris beaks for both lateral wall surfaces (LWS) and rostrum sagittal sections (RSS). Forty-nine marked wild animals kept in aquaria (weight range, 158–3,521 g) and 24 captive-reared known-age individuals (paralarvae, 0–98 days old; adults, 200–734 days old) were studied, encompassing for the first time the full age range of ...
DOI:
10.2983/035.033.0217

31. Age validation in Octopus maya (Voss and Solís, 1966) by counting increments in the beak rostrum sagittal sections of known age individuals

Author:
Guadalupe Villegas Bárcenas; Catalina Perales-Raya; Aurora Bartolomé; Eduardo Almansa; Carlos Rosas
Source:
Fisheries research 2014 v.152 pp. 93-97
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Octopodidae; analysis of covariance; animals; beak; diet; juveniles; periodicity
Abstract:
... The present study was carried out to validate the daily deposition and age estimation by using beak rostrum sagittal sections increments of cultivated Octopus maya (Voss and Solís, 1966). This study validates for first time the periodicity of beak increments by using animals of known age. We analyzed the rostrum sagittal sections (RSS) of upper and lower beaks in 40 juveniles of O. maya divided in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2013.08.007

32. Age, growth and population structure of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone based on beak microstructure

Author:
Guanyu Hu; Zhou Fang; Bilin Liu; Dan Yang; Xinjun Chen; Yong Chen
Source:
Fisheries science 2016 v.82 no.4 pp. 597-604
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Dosidicus gigas; animal age; animal growth; autumn; beak; body weight; females; gender differences; hatching; males; microstructure; population structure; spawning; squid; summer
Abstract:
... The beak is a hard structure of cephalopods with relatively constant shape, which records a lot of biological and ecological information. Based on samples collected by Chinese squid jigging vessels off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone from July to October 2013, we explored the feasibility of age estimation and growth pattern with the upper beak of Dosidicus gigas. The internal rostral axis and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-016-0991-y

33. Alternaria species associated with early blight epidemics on tomato and other Solanaceae crops in northwestern Algeria

Author:
Nabahat Bessadat; Romain Berruyer; Bruno Hamon; Nelly Bataille-Simoneau; Soumaya Benichou; Mabrouk Kihal; Djamel E. Henni; Philippe Simoneau
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2017 v.148 no.1 pp. 181-197
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Alternaria; Solanaceae; beak; blight; conidia; crops; disease outbreaks; fungi; leaves; mixed infection; pathogenicity; sporulation; synergism; tomatoes; Algeria
Abstract:
... Early blight is a common disease of Solanaceae crops worldwide. The occurrence of Alternaria spp. was studied during three epidemics on tomato in northwestern Algeria. Alternaria was detected in more than 80 % of the diseased plant samples and accounted for more than 50 % of the total fungal isolates recovered from these samples. Morphological and molecular investigations revealed that small-spore ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-016-1081-9

34. Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Amygdalus triloba in Xinjiang of China

Author:
X. F. Chen; Y. Q. He; A. M. He; J. X. He; Q. Q. Li; J. H. Zhang; L. Z. Du
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.3 pp. 705
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; Alternaria tenuissima; DNA; Prunus triloba; beak; beautification; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; defoliation; disease control; disease transmission; ecology; ethanol; fungi; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; histones; internal transcribed spacers; landscapes; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; olives; pathogenicity; pathogens; polygalacturonase; sequence analysis; shrubs; China
Abstract:
... Amygdalus triloba (Rosaceae; previously Prunus triloba) is a deciduous, flowering shrub that is widely used in the greening and beautification of lawns, parks, and courtyards in China. In late May 2019, a leaf spot disease of A. triloba was observed on approximately 35% of plants in the Xinjiang Alaer city (40°33′20′′N, 81°17′19′′E). The disease symptoms began as small, suborbicular, brown spots o ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1244-PDN

35. American Kestrel (Falco spaverius) Fledgling With Severe Bilateral Periorbital Swelling and Infection With Mycoplasma buteonis, Avibacterium (Pasteurella) gallinarum, and Staphylococcus pasteuri

Author:
Bezjian Marisa; Kollias George V.
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2014 v.28 no.2 pp. 127-131
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Falco sparverius; Mycoplasma; Pasteurella; Staphylococcus pasteuri; beak; birds of prey; breathing; cellulitis; debridement; drug therapy; eyes; females; fistula; fledglings; mixed infection; sinusitis; tissues
Abstract:
... A female American kestrel (Falco spaverius) fledgling was found on the ground with a suspected trauma to the right eye and open-mouth breathing. During the first 2 days of hospitalization, the bird developed severe bilateral periorbital cellulitis, blepharoedema, and sinusitis. The periocular tissues of the right globe were devitalized and communicated with a fistula at the commissure of the right ...
DOI:
10.1647/2013-021

36. An Old World hummingbird from the Oligocene: a new fossil from Polish Carpathians

Author:
Zygmunt Bochenski; Zbigniew M. Bochenski
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2008 v.149 no.2 pp. 211-216
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Apodidae; animal morphology; beak; fossils; humerus; hummingbirds; new species; paleozoology; skeleton; ulna; Germany; Poland
Abstract:
... A near-complete, partially articulated skeleton of a hummingbird was recently found in the menilite shales of the Polish Flysh Carpathians. The specimen is dated to the Early Oligocene (Rupelian, approx. 31 Myr). It shares derived characters with extant hummingbirds and plesiomorphic characters with swifts. Its long, thin beak and short and stout humerus and ulna are typical for hummingbirds, but ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-007-0261-y

37. An altered gut microbiota in duck-origin parvovirus infection on cherry valley ducklings is associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction

Author:
Qihui Luo; Xinyu Lei; Jing Xu; Asad Jahangir; Junbo He; Chao Huang; Wentao Liu; Anchun Cheng; Li Tang; Yi Geng; Zhengli Chen
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.4 pp. 101021
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Protoparvovirus; Streptococcus; atrophy; beak; cytokines; diarrhea; dwarfing; dysbiosis; flora; ileum; inflammation; intestinal microorganisms; metabolites; pathogenesis; permeability; tight junctions
Abstract:
... Duck-origin parvovirus disease is an epidemic disease mainly caused by duck-origin goose parvovirus (D-GPV), which is characterized by beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome. Its main symptoms are persistent diarrhea, skeletal dysplasia, and growth retardation. However, the pathogenesis of Cherry Valley ducks infected by D-GPV has not been studied thoroughly. To perceive the distribution of D-GPV in t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101021

38. An attempt to develop an operant conditioning paradigm to test for magnetic discrimination behavior in a migratory songbird

Author:
D. Kishkinev; H. Mouritsen; C. V. Mora
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2012 v.153 no.4 pp. 1165-1177
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
beak; cages; eyes; magnetic fields; migratory behavior; nerve tissue; operant conditioning; pigeons; songbirds
Abstract:
... Birds are thought to possess two magnetosensory systems: (1) a chemical sensor in the bird’s eye, and (2) a magnetoreceptor innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) and presumably located in the upper beak. It has been recently demonstrated that the visually mediated magnetosensory system is crucial to the magnetic compass of the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula). In cont ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-012-0847-x

39. An eye for beauty: Lateralized visual stimulation of courtship behavior and mate preferences in male zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata

Author:
Jennifer J. Templeton; Brianna G. McCracken; Melissa Sher; D. James Mountjoy
Source:
Behavioural processes 2014 v.102 pp. 33-39
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; beak; cognition; color; courtship; eyes; females; genes; males; sexual selection
Abstract:
... Research on intersexual selection focuses on traits that have evolved for attracting mates and the consequences of mate choice. However, little is known about the cognitive and neural mechanisms that allow choosers to discriminate among potential mates and express an attraction to specific traits. Preferential use of the right eye during lateral displays in zebra finches, and lateralized expressio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2013.11.001

40. Analysis of Eurasian Stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) microbial flora reveals the presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in agro-pastoral areas of Sicily (Italy)

Author:
Maria Foti; Rosario Grasso; Vittorio Fisichella; Antonietta Mascetti; Manuel Andrea Zafarana; Marco Colnaghi; Maria Grasso; Maria Teresa Spena
Source:
Heliyon 2020 v.6 no.10 pp. e05401
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
Burhinus; agar; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; beak; disk diffusion antimicrobial test; eyes; feces; humans; microbiome; multiple drug resistance; risk; wild birds; wildlife; Italy; Sicily
Abstract:
... Spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in natural environments pose a risk to human and animal health. Wild birds are considered to be reservoirs of human pathogens and vectors of antimicrobial resistance distribution in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in isolates from bird specimens living in three agro-pastoral areas of t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05401

41. Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates evidence of multiple introduction events into Saudi Arabia

Author:
Mahmoud Mohamed; Ibrahim El-Sabagh; Yoya Vashi; Vipin Jagrit; Mohamed Abd Elmonem Salem; M.A. Al-Ramadan; Ahmed M. Al-Ali; Sachin Kumar
Source:
Virus research 2021 v.295 pp. 198279
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittacidae; beak; databases; epidemiology; genetic variation; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; research; risk; trade; viral genome; viruses; Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a highly contagious disease in wild and captive psittacine populations and has an almost global presence. However, the BFDV infection in Saudi Arabia remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report the full genome sequence of BFDV strains from Saudi Arabia and its genetic diversity. The complete ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198279

42. Anatomical Descriptions of The Nasal Cavity of The Aquatic and Non-Aquatic Birds

Author:
Fatma Madkour
Source:
SVU- International Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2019 v.2 no.2 pp. 101-110
ISSN:
2535-1877
Subject:
beak; doves; ducks; geese; nasal cavity; quails
Abstract:
... This study attested the anatomical and morphometrical descriptions of the nasal cavity in duck, goose as the aquatic birds and quail, dove as the non-aquatic birds. This study elucidated in the aquatic birds that the nasal cavity remarkable increased in width caudally and had relatively larger nasal conchae and greater of the middle nasal concha than the non-aquatic birds. The nostrils without ope ...
DOI:
10.21608/SVU.2019.14982.1022

43. And the beak shall inherit – evolution in response to invasion

Author:
Scott P. Carroll; Jenella E. Loye; Hugh Dingle; Michael Mathieson; Thomas R. Famula; Myron P. Zalucki
Source:
Ecology letters 2005 v.8 no.9 pp. 944-951
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Sapindus saponaria; beak; evolution; host range; introduced species; museums; vines; weeds
Abstract:
... The increased demographic performance of biological invaders may often depend on their escape from specifically adapted enemies. Here we report that native taxa in colonized regions may swiftly evolve to exploit such emancipated exotic species because of selection caused by invaders. A native Australian true bug has expanded it host range to include a vine imported from tropical America that has b ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00800.x

44. Annual and Seasonal Variation in the Growth Rates of Young Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Western Australia

Author:
B.C. Wienecke; J.S. Bradley; R.D. Wooller
Source:
Emu 2000 v.100 no.2 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
Eudyptula minor; beak; chicks; fledglings; islands; nestlings; seasonal variation; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Four linear measurements and body mass were used to measure the growth of Little Penguin Eudytula minor nestlings on Penguin Island, Western Australia, from 1989 to 1991. In general, beak length and beak depth increased more slowly than flipper and tarsus lengths, and body mass increased rapidly. Growth rates did not differ significantly between years. However, second-hatched chicks grew more slow ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU9856

45. Antimicrobial capacity is related to body colouration and reproductive success in female spotless starlings

Author:
Magdalena Ruiz‐Rodríguez; Manuel Azcárate‐García; Cristina Ruiz‐Castellano; Gustavo Tomás; Silvia Díaz‐Lora; Tomás Pérez‐Contreras; Juan J. Soler
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2020 v.51 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Sturnus; agglutination; antigens; appearance (quality); bacteria; beak; blood plasma; breeding; color; feathers; females; hosts; humoral immunity; information; males; nestlings; parasites; reproductive success; secretion; sexual selection; strains; throat; uropygial gland; volume
Abstract:
... Pathogenic microorganisms select for a plethora of defensive mechanisms on their hosts. In males of some species, flashy traits might signal antimicrobial capacity and, thus, they might be favoured in scenarios of sexual selection. Antimicrobial capacity of individuals may predict reproductive success in males, and it could be adapted to changing environments. However, evidence for these associati ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.02425

46. Applying new tools to cephalopod trophic dynamics and ecology: perspectives from the Southern Ocean Cephalopod Workshop, February 2-3, 2006

Author:
Jackson, G. D.; Bustamante, P.; Cherel, Y.; Fulton, E. A.; Grist, E. P. M.; Jackson, C. H.; Nichols, P. D.; Pethybridge, H.; Phillips, K.; Ward, R. D.; Xavier, J. C.
Source:
Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 2007 v.17 no.2-3 pp. 79-99
ISSN:
0960-3166
Subject:
Cephalopoda; DNA barcoding; beak; biologists; ecosystems; fatty acids; food chain; heavy metals; models; parasites; population dynamics; researchers; squid; stable isotopes; taxonomy; tracer techniques; Tasmania
Abstract:
... A two day workshop on Southern Ocean cephalopods was held in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia prior to the triennial 2006 Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC) symposium. The workshop provided a second international forum to present the current state of research and new directions since the last Southern Ocean cephalopod meeting held in 1993. A major focus of the workshop was trophic ecology ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11160-007-9055-9

47. Architecture-Driven Fast Droplet Transport without Mass Loss

Author:
Kai Zhuang; Yao Lu; Xiaolei Wang; Xiaolong Yang
Source:
Langmuir 2021 v.37 no.43 pp. 12519-12528
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
beak; biotechnology; droplets; energy; equations; foil; gravity; hydrophilicity; peristome; theoretical models; topology
Abstract:
... Spontaneous droplet transport without mass loss has great potential applications in the fields of energy and biotechnology, but it remains challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient driving force for the transport while suppressing droplet mass loss. Learning from the slippery peristome of Nepenthes alata and wedge topology of a shorebird beak that can spontaneously feed water aga ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01608

48. Aspects of breeding biology of Cattle Egret, bubulcus ibis coromandus (boddaert) in Jammu, India

Author:
Deep Novel Kour; D.N. Sahi
Source:
International journal of environmental sciences 2013 v.3 no.5 pp. 1547-1561
ISSN:
0976-4402
Subject:
Bubulcus ibis; Mangifera indica; Vachellia nilotica; beak; breeding; chicks; clutch size; courtship; egg quality; eggs; environmental science; hatching; information; length; nesting sites; nests; oviposition; parents; reproductive success; survival rate; volume; weaning; weight; India
Abstract:
... An attempt has been made to gather a firsthand information regarding the various aspects of the breeding biology of Cattle Egrets like courtship displays, location and selection of nesting site, egg laying, egg characteristics, clutch size, incubation period, hatching, nesting success, hatching success, nest life, weaning period etc. The breeding period was discerned to be starting from March to J ...
DOI:
10.6088/ijes.2013030500025

49. Aspects of the Nesting Biology of the Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata: Incubation Period, Hatching Synchrony and Patterns of Nest Attendance and Defence

Author:
Peter J. Whitehead
Source:
Emu 1999 v.99 no.2 pp. 121-134
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
aggression; beak; eggs; feet; females; flocks; hatching; human-wildlife relations; males; nesting; nests; radio telemetry; solar radiation; temperature; waterfowl; wings
Abstract:
... The period between clutch initiation and departure of family groups from successful Magpie Goose nests ranged from 31 to 33 d. Incubation period was 25 days and family groups remained at the nest up to 4 d after the first egg hatched. Hatching was poorly synchronised relative to many other waterfowl, probably due to variable but often elevated egg temperatures (up to 36.6°C) during the 5–10 d layi ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU99015

50. Associations between neck plumage and beak darkness, as well as comb size measurements and scores with ranging frequency of Sasso and Green-legged Partridge chickens

Author:
Patryk Sztandarski; Joanna Marchewka; Franciszek Wojciechowski; Anja B. Riber; Stefan Gunnarsson; Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.9 pp. 101340
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; color; computer software; eyes; genetic selection; meat; neck; partridges; plumage; poultry production
Abstract:
... Despite the intensive genetic selection in modern poultry, variability of domestic fowl phenotypes has remained, especially in breeds adapted to local conditions. The relevance of this variability to the chicken outdoor ranging activities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if external features were associated with the ranging frequency of the 48 female chickens from each of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101340

51. Astragalus ihsancalisii (Fabaceae), a new species from Erzurum province, E Turkey

Author:
Alı A. Dönmez; Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydin
Source:
Willdenowia 2018 v.48 no.3 pp. 399-404
ISSN:
1868-6397
Subject:
Astragalus; Willdenowia; beak; conservation status; flowers; leaves; legumes; new species; pedicel; photographs; racemes; scanning electron microscopy; Iran; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Astragalus ihsancalisii Dönmez & Uğurlu (Fabaceae) is described as a new species from Erzurum province in E Turkey. The new species belongs to A. sect. Incani DC. and is similar and possibly related to A.glaucophyllus Bunge and A.guzelsuensis F. Ghahrem. & al. from Turkey and A.siahcheshmehensis Maassoumi & Podlech from Iran. Astragalus ihsancalisii is clearly distinguished from those three specie ...
DOI:
10.3372/wi.48.48309

52. Astragalus nuoergongensis (Fabaceae), a New Species from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China

Author:
Xu Ri; Li-Qing Zhao
Source:
Annales botanici Fennici 2018 v.55 no.4-6 pp. 405-407
ISSN:
0003-3847
Subject:
Astragalus; beak; calyx; flowering; hairs; legumes; new species; scientific illustration; taxon descriptions; China
Abstract:
... Astragalus nuoergongensis L.Q. Zhao & Xu Ri (Fabaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically quite similar especially to A. scabrisetus, but its calyx is densely covered with appressed bifurcate hairs, its calyx teeth are 1/2–3/4 the length of the calyx tube, and its legumes are covered with appressed bifurcate hairs and have a b ...
DOI:
10.5735/085.055.0421

53. Attachment and performance of Argos satellite tracking devices fitted to black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.)

Author:
Christine Groom; Kris Warren; Anna Le Souef; Rick Dawson
Source:
Wildlife research 2014 v.41 no.7 pp. 571-583
ISSN:
1035-3712
Subject:
batteries; beak; birds; feathers; flight; habitats; mastication; molting; monitoring; research projects; risk; satellites; tail; wildlife; United States
Abstract:
... Context Studying interactions between a wildlife species and its spatial environment can enable a deeper understanding of its ecology. Studies of spatial ecology are generally undertaken by attaching tracking devices to selected individuals and following their movements. Highly mobile species, such as black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.), that occupy habitats with patchy resources are ideal cand ...
DOI:
10.1071/WR14138

54. Avian keratin disorder of Alaska black-capped chickadees is associated with Poecivirus infection

Author:
Maxine Zylberberg; Caroline Van Hemert; Colleen M. Handel; Joseph L. DeRisi
Source:
Virology journal 2018 v.15 no.1 pp. 100
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
Poecile atricapillus; beak; birds; blood sampling; cloaca; epizootic diseases; etiology; feces; in situ hybridization; keratin; polymerase chain reaction; screening; virus replication; viruses; Alaska
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an epizootic of debilitating beak deformities, first documented in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska during the late 1990s. Similar deformities have now been recorded in dozens of species of birds across multiple continents. Despite this, the etiology of AKD has remained elusive, making it difficult to assess the impacts of this di ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-018-1008-5
PubMed:
29903045
PubMed Central:
PMC6003155

55. Avian malaria in a boreal resident species: long-term temporal variability, and increased prevalence in birds with avian keratin disorder

Author:
Laura C. Wilkinson; Colleen M. Handel; Caroline Van Hemert; Claire Loiseau; Ravinder N.M. Sehgal
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2016 v.46 no.4 pp. 281-290
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
Plasmodium; Poecile atricapillus; avian malaria; beak; birds; blood sampling; climate change; correlation; cytochrome b; environmental factors; genes; keratin; latitude; monitoring; parasites; prediction; sequence analysis; summer; temperature; temporal variation; weather; Alaska
Abstract:
... The prevalence of vector-borne parasitic diseases is widely influenced by biological and ecological factors. Environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation can have a marked effect on haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that cause malaria and those that cause other malaria-like diseases in birds. However, there have been few long-term studies monitoring haemosporidian infect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.008

56. Aviisotricha hoazini n. gen., n. sp., the Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of an Anaerobic Ciliate from the Crop of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin), the Cow Among the Birds

Author:
Christian F. Bardele; Sigrid Schultheiß; Denis H. Lynn; André-Denis G. Wright; Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello; Nestor E. Obispo
Source:
Protist 2017 v.168 no.3 pp. 335-351
ISSN:
1434-4610
Subject:
beak; foregut; ribosomal RNA; phylogeny; digestion; scanning electron microscopy; genes; cows; odors; new genus; fermentation; Entodiniomorphida; transmission electron microscopy; Eubacteria; Dasytricha; taxonomic revisions; Balantioides; Isotricha; birds; staining; Archaea; vegetation
Abstract:
... The hoatzin is the only known avian species that has evolved a foregut fermentation system similar to that of ruminant animals. Due to the closeness of the bird’s fermentation chamber, the crop, to the bird’s beak it exudes an unpleasant odour; therefore, the hoatzin is called the “cow among the birds”. In addition to Eubacteria and Archaea, responsible for digestion of the vegetation they consume ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.protis.2017.02.002

57. Bayesian estimation of competitiveness in male house finches: small-billed males are more competitive

Author:
Masaru Hasegawa; Mathieu Giraudeau; Nobuyuki Kutsukake; Mamoru Watanabe; Kevin J. McGraw
Source:
Animal behaviour 2015 v.108 pp. 207-214
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Carpodacus mexicanus; beak; birds; cages; foraging; males; motivation; seeds; social dominance
Abstract:
... A common method for assessing the competitiveness of animals, especially in birds, is to pit pairs of unfamiliar individuals against each other in contests for limited resources under controlled conditions. Although this approach can clarify dominant–subordinate relationships within dyads, it is often difficult to determine competitiveness for a large group of individuals. Here, by using Bayesian ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.027

58. Beak abnormality hinders provisioning ability and reduces body condition of a female House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)

Author:
Christine J. Hodges; Dylan M. Poorboy; Beth M. Weber; Charles F. Thompson
Source:
Wilson journal of ornithology 2019 v.131 no.1 pp. 128-134
ISSN:
1559-4491
Subject:
Troglodytes aedon; beak; body condition; breeding season; clutch size; females; nestlings; nests; progeny; rearing; wild birds
Abstract:
... Beak abnormalities have been reported in a wide range of species but typically affect only a small portion (<1%) of wild bird populations. Most research has focused on the prevalence, morphology, and causes of beak deformities, resulting in relatively little information on the consequences of these deformities for individual birds. Birds with abnormal beaks likely struggle to feed themselves, a si ...
DOI:
10.1676/18-50
PubMed:
31105481
PubMed Central:
PMC6519477

59. Beak and feather disease virus carriage by Knemidocoptes pilae in a sulphur‐crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)

Author:
T Portas; B Jackson; S Das; S Shamsi; SR Raidal
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2017 v.95 no.12 pp. 486-489
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Cacatua; Epidermoptidae; Raillietina; antigens; beak; brain; ectoparasites; encephalitis; fomites; fungi; hyphae; immunohistochemistry; immunosuppression; inflammation; intestines; mange; mites; necrosis; pathogens
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: This paper describes the pathology associated with psittacine beak and feather disease in a wild sulphur‐crested cockatoo with concurrent knemidocoptic mange, cestodiasis and mycotic encephalitis. METHODS & RESULTS: Large numbers of Knemidocoptes pilae Lavoipierre and Griffiths, 1951 (Acari: Epidermoptidae, Knemidokoptinae) were identified in affected skin associated with enhanced expr ...
DOI:
10.1111/avj.12649

60. Beak and feather disease virus in wild and captive parrots: an analysis of geographic and taxonomic distribution and methodological trends

Author:
Deborah J. Fogell; Rowan O. Martin; Jim J. Groombridge
Source:
Archives of virology 2016 v.161 no.8 pp. 2059-2074
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; aviculture; beak; diagnostic techniques; epidemiological studies; flocks; immunologic techniques; parrots; screening; trade; viruses; Africa; Asia; North America; South America
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) has emerged in recent years as a major threat to wild parrot populations and is an increasing concern to aviculturists and managers of captive populations. Pathological and serological tests for screening for the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) are a critical component of efforts to manage the disease and of epidemiological studies. Sinc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-016-2871-2
PubMed:
27151279
PubMed Central:
PMC4947100

61. Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Author:
Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.1 pp. 339-344
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; feathers; parrots; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; viral load; South Africa
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), the most prevalent viral disease affecting psittacines, is caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). This study assessed viral load using qPCR in a wild Cape parrot population affected by PBFD and compared it to overall physical condition based on clinical signs attributable to PBFD. A significant inverse correlation between viral load and overall ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2225-x
PubMed:
25193072

62. Beak and feather disease viruses circulating in Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Author:
Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.1 pp. 47-54
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; blood; breeding; budgerigars; coat proteins; disease outbreaks; feathers; genome; parrots; phylogeny; risk; viruses; South Africa
Abstract:
... Captive and wild psittacines are vulnerable to the highly contagious psittacine beak and feather disease. The causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), was recently detected in the largest remaining population of endangered Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus), which are endemic to South Africa. Full-length genomes were isolated and sequenced from 26 blood samples collected from wild ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2226-9
PubMed:
25209153

63. Beak colour reflects circulating carotenoid and vitamin A levels in spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor)

Author:
Navarro, Carlos; Pérez-Contreras, Tomás; Avilés, Jesús M.; Mcgraw, Kevin J.; Soler, Juan J.
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2010 v.64 no.7 pp. 1057-1067
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
beak; birds; correlation; physiological state; feathers; polygyny; nutrients; males; sexual selection; adults; color; chest; Sturnus; vitamin A; females; breeding season; nestlings
Abstract:
... Many colourful sexually selected signals in animals are carotenoid-dependent and, because carotenoids function as antiradicals and immunostimulating molecules, carotenoid-dependent signals may honestly reflect the health state of individuals. Some others nutrients like vitamin A may also enhance health and colouration, but these have rarely been tested alongside carotenoids in colourful birds. Her ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-010-0920-5

64. Beak condition and cage density determine abundance and spatial distribution of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and chicken body lice, Menacanthus stramineus, on caged laying hens

Author:
Mullens, B.A.; Chen, B.L.; Owen, J.P.
Source:
Poultry science 2010 v.89 no.12 pp. 2565-2572
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; stocking rate; laying hens; Menacanthus stramineus; parasitoses; spatial distribution; mites; White Leghorn; population density; beak trimming; lice; body condition; cages; Ornithonyssus sylviarum
Abstract:
... Adult White Leghorn hens (Hy-Line strain W-36) were inoculated with either northern fowl mites or chicken body lice, and the ectoparasite populations were monitored over periods of 9 to 16 wk. Two beak conditions (beak trimmed or beak intact) and 2 housing densities (1 or 2 hens per 25 x 31 cm suspended wire cage) were tested. Populations of both ectoparasites were at least 10 times lower on beak- ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2010-00955

65. Beak identification of four dominant octopus species in the East China Sea based on traditional measurements and geometric morphometrics

Author:
Zhou Fang; Jiangtao Fan; Xinjun Chen; Yangyang Chen
Source:
Fisheries science 2018 v.84 no.6 pp. 975-985
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Octopodidae; analysis of variance; artificial intelligence; beak; discriminant analysis; fisheries; geometry; morphometry; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Octopus is the most abundant genus in the family Octopodidae and accounts for more than half of the total cephalopod landing in neritic fisheries. A taxonomic problem still exists due to synonymous scientific names and limited genetic information. The cephalopod beak is a stable structure that allows an effective solution to the problem of the species and stock identification. Beak shape variation ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-018-1235-0

66. Beak keratoacanthomas in two budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with Knemidocoptes spp. infection

Author:
Christina Doukaki; Nikolaos Papaioannou; Minh Huynh
Source:
Journal of exotic pet medicine 2021 v.36 pp. 80-83
ISSN:
1557-5063
Subject:
beak; broiler chickens; budgerigars; epithelium; females; hair follicles; histology; households; keratin; males; mites; skin lesions; squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract:
... Keratoacanthoma is a common cutaneous neoplasia in humans that most often occurs on sun exposed sites and is considered a rapidly growing pseudomalignancy, resembling squamous cell carcinoma.Beak keratoacanthomas were diagnosed in two birds from two different households: in a 10-year-old male and in a 1-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The main clinical findings in both birds we ...
DOI:
10.1053/j.jepm.2019.06.008

67. Beak marks on butterfly wings with special reference to Japanese black swallowtail

Author:
Keizi Kiritani; Hanae Yamashita; Kohji Yamamura
Source:
Population ecology 2013 v.55 no.3 pp. 451-459
ISSN:
1438-3896
Subject:
Papilio polyxenes; Wagyu; adults; autumn; beak; birds; body size; butterflies; correlation; flight; grasslands; life history; models; predation; predators; spring; surveys; survival rate; wings; woodlands
Abstract:
... Birds are believed to be one of the principal predators of butterflies. The beak marks (BMs) left on the butterfly wings are useful indices of bird predation. We performed 84 collections in grasslands and woodlands during 2002-2006 in Ito, Shizuoka prefecture, and collected 893 specimens belonging to 48 species. In general, the larger was the body size the higher was the BM rate. There were two pe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10144-013-0375-4

68. Beak marks on the wings of butterflies and predation pressure in the field

Author:
Masato Ota; Masahide Yuma; Yoshito Mitsuo; Yuki Togo
Source:
Entomological science 2014 v.17 no.4 pp. 371-375
ISSN:
1343-8786
Subject:
Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Papilionidae; Pieridae; beak; butterflies; predation; predator-prey relationships; predators; wings; Japan
Abstract:
... Beak marks on butterfly wings have been used as an indicator of predation pressure. The relationship between butterflies and their predators in the field was examined to evaluate the beak mark rate as an indicator of predation pressure. Transect censuses were conducted to measure the beak mark rate on butterflies from May to November, 2010, in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. A total of 1216 butterflies o ...
DOI:
10.1111/ens.12076

69. Beak microstructure analysis as a tool to identify potential rearing stress for Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Author:
Rita Melo Franco‐Santos; Catalina Perales‐Raya; Eduardo Almansa; Marleen De Troch; Diego Garrido
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.9 pp. 3001-3015
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Octopus vulgaris; aquaculture; beak; biomarkers; diet; experimental design; jaws; light intensity; microstructure; rearing; survival rate
Abstract:
... Octopus vulgaris is a viable candidate for commercial aquaculture, but rearing procedures might stress individuals and result in diminished growth and survival. This study investigated the relationship between possible stress sources (tank transposition and syphoning) when rearing O. vulgaris paralarvae and the deposition pattern of growth increments in their beak microstructure. Light intensity a ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12753

70. Beak morphology and song features covary in a population of Darwin's finches (Geospiza fortis)

Author:
HUBER, SARAH K.; PODOS, JEFFREY
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2006 v.88 no.3 pp. 489-498
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Fringillidae; assortative mating; beak; correlation; natural selection; population size; songbirds
Abstract:
... Animal mating signals evolve in part through indirect natural selection on anatomical traits that influence signal expression. In songbirds, for example, natural selection on beak form and function can influence the evolution of song features, because of the role of the beak in song production. In this study we characterize the relationship between beak morphology and song features within a bimoda ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00638.x

71. Beak morphology predicts apparent survival of crossbills: due to selective survival or selective dispersal?

Author:
David Gómez‐Blanco; Simone Santoro; Antoni Borrás; Josep Cabrera; Juan Carlos Senar; Pim Edelaar
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2019 v.50 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Loxia curvirostra; Pinus uncinata; beak; conifers; food intake; forests; immigration; mark-recapture studies; models; mortality; natural selection; Northern European region
Abstract:
... Dozens of morphologically differentiated populations, subspecies and species of crossbills (genus Loxia) exist. It has been suggested that this divergence is due to variation in the conifer cones that each population specialises upon, requiring a specific beak size to efficiently separate the cone scales. If so, apparent survival should depend on beak size. To test this hypothesis, we undertook mu ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.02107

72. Beak necrosis in Hungarian partridges (Perdix perdix) associated with beak-bits and avian poxvirus infection

Author:
Brower, Alexandra I.; Cigel, Francine; Radi, Craig; Toohey-Kurth, Kathy
Source:
Avian pathology 2010 v.39 no.3 pp. 223-225
ISSN:
0307-9457
Subject:
beak; etiology; partridges; animal care equipment; animal pathology; palate; lesions (animal); nasal cavity; necrosis; poultry diseases; epithelium; plastics; Poxviridae; pharynx; Perdix perdix; pathogenesis; case studies; foreign bodies; Hungary
Abstract:
... Proliferative growth, consistent with poxvirus infection, encapsulated plastic beak-bits and covered the dorsal portion of the upper beak and nares of adult male and female captive-raised Hungarian partridges. Three representative birds were submitted to the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Lesions in the necropsied birds extended through the nares, where the plastic bit en ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079451003781841
PubMed:
20544429

73. Beak of the pinch: anti-parasite traits are similar among Darwin’s finch species

Author:
Scott M. Villa; Jennifer A. H. Koop; Céline Le Bohec; Dale H. Clayton
Source:
Evolutionary ecology 2018 v.32 no.5 pp. 443-452
ISSN:
0269-7653
Subject:
Passeriformes; adaptive radiation; animal morphology; beak; birds; ectoparasites; feather mites; parasite load; preening
Abstract:
... Darwin’s finches are an iconic example of adaptive radiation. The size and shape of the beaks of different finch species are diversified for feeding on different size seeds and other food resources. However, beaks also serve other functions, such as preening for the control of ectoparasites. In diverse groups of birds, the effectiveness of preening is governed by the length of the overhanging tip ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10682-018-9949-0

74. Beak trimming methods

Author:
Glatz, P.C.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
chicks; turkeys; hens; beak trimming; beak; cannibalism; disease control; automation; robots; lasers; surgery; freeze drying; strain differences; ergonomics; animal welfare; environmental enrichment; behavior change; selection response
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2000.1619

75. Beak trimming of turkeys. 1. Effects of three methods of beak trimming on body weight and mortality of six genetic lines

Author:
Noble, D.O.; Krueger, K.K.; Nestor, K.E.
Source:
Poultry science 1996 v.75 no.6 pp. 702-704
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
turkeys; beak trimming; body weight; mortality; line differences; gender differences; beak
Abstract:
... An experiment was designed to compare BW and mortality of turkeys when three methods of beak trimming were utilized. Turkeys from six genetic lines were assigned to three beak trimming methods: are beak trimming at hatching, hot-blade block trimming at 13 d, or hot-blade top-beak-only trimming at 13 d. Beak trimming method influenced 8-wk BW of three lines of females, but did not affect female BW ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.0750702
PubMed:
8737833

76. Beak trimming of turkeys. 2. Effects of arc beak trimming on weight gain, feed intake, feed wastage, and feed conversion

Author:
Noble, D.O.; Nestor, K.E.
Source:
Poultry science 1997 v.76 no.5 pp. 668-670
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
turkeys; beak trimming; beak; feed intake; liveweight gain; gender differences; strain differences; feed conversion
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted to study the effects of arc beak trimming on feed consumption, weight gain, and feed wastage in males and females from two large-bodied strains and one medium-bodied strain of turkeys. Birds were placed in wire-floored battery cages from 3 to 8 wk of age and feed intake, weight gains, and feed spilled into dropping pans were recorded for each of the 5 wk of each trial. ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/76.5.668
PubMed:
9154617

77. Beak trimming reduces feeding efficiency of hens

Author:
Prescott, N.B.; Bonser, R.H.C.
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2004 v.13 no.3 pp. 468-471
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
laying hens; food animals; ingestion; beak trimming; beak; pelleted feeds; hen feeding; animal welfare; feed deprivation
DOI:
10.1093/japr/13.3.468

78. Begging form and growth pattern of nestlings correlate with parental food-allocation patterns in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)

Author:
Bo Du; Chang-Jing Liu; Shi-Jie Bao
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 2015 v.93 no.4 pp. 273-279
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Eremophila alpestris; adults; beak; fledglings; life history; nestlings; parenting; parents; reproductive success
Abstract:
... Life-history theory assumes that selection favors parents that can maximize their reproductive success via behavioral strategies. As brood size determines the reproductive value of each nestling, parents may adjust their food-allocation patterns according to brood size. We test this assumption in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris (L., 1758)). Our findings revealed that nestling begging forms v ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjz-2014-0235

79. Behavior influences range limits and patterns of coexistence across an elevational gradient in tropical birds

Author:
Benjamin G. Freeman; Joseph A. Tobias; Dolph Schluter
Source:
Ecography 2019 v.42 no.11 pp. 1832-1840
ISSN:
0906-7590
Subject:
aggression; beak; interspecific competition; territoriality; tropical birds; Peru
Abstract:
... Does competition influence patterns of coexistence between closely related taxa? Here we address this question by analyzing patterns of range overlap between related species of birds (‘sister pairs’) co‐occurring on a tropical elevational gradient. We explicitly contrast the behavioral dimension of interspecific competition (interference competition) with similarity in resource acquisition traits ...
DOI:
10.1111/ecog.04606

80. Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks

Author:
Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Fox, A.; Waddington, D.
Source:
British poultry science 1997 v.38 no.5 pp. 453-463
ISSN:
0007-1668
Subject:
beak; animal behavior; body weight; feed conversion; histology; animal anatomy; age; liveweight gain; feed intake; length; feathers; chicks; beak trimming
DOI:
10.1080/00071669708418022
PubMed:
9510987

81. Benefits to the germination of seeds provided by birds that mandibulate fleshy fruits

Author:
Román A. Ruggera; Tobias N. Rojas; M. Daniela Gomez; M. Gabriela Salas; Pedro G. Blendinger
Source:
Acta oecologica 2021 v.111 pp. 103746
ISSN:
1146-609X
Subject:
Neotropics; beak; birds; digestive tract; frugivores; fruits; pulp; seed dispersal; seed germination
Abstract:
... The effect of fruit removal and passage through the digestive tract of frugivorous birds on seed germination has been mostly studied in species that swallow the whole fruit without mandibulating (“gulpers”), and defecate or regurgitate seeds without pulp away from the maternal plant. Functional groups with other fruit-handling methods, while often quantitatively important in removing fruits, are p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actao.2021.103746

82. Bioindicative potential of shell abnormalities occurring in the clam Macoma balthica (L.) from the Baltic Sea

Author:
Katarzyna Smolarz; Katarzyna Bradtke
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2011 v.62 no.7 pp. 1421-1426
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
beak; biomarkers; clams; cost effectiveness; deformation; environmental health; environmental indicators; exoskeleton; ligaments; males; population; sex ratio; spatial variation; water pollution; Baltic Sea; Sweden
Abstract:
... This study reports the occurrence of shell deformities in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from the Northern Baltic Sea (Trösa Archipelago, Sweden). The functional significance and the bioindicative potential of observed exoskeleton’ anomalies was assessed using a suite of physiological and morphological biomarkers. Analyzed shell deformations (SD) included damages of the dorsal margin visible as s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.031

83. Bioinspired Plate-Based Fog Collectors

Author:
Heng Xin; Luo Cheng
Source:
ACS applied materials 2014 v.6 no.18 pp. 16257-16266
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Coleoptera; beak; collectors; fog (meteorology); glass; grasses; silica; water harvesting; wire
Abstract:
... In a recent work, we explored the feeding mechanism of a shorebird to transport liquid drops by repeatedly opening and closing its beak. In this work, we apply the corresponding results to develop a new artificial fog collector. The collector includes two nonparallel plates. It has three advantages in comparison with existing artificial collectors: (i) easy fabrication, (ii) simple design to scale ...
DOI:
10.1021/am504457f

84. Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak

Author:
Fox Justin D.; Capadona Jeffrey R.; Marasco Paul D.; Rowan Stuart J.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013 v.135 no.13 pp. 5167-5174
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
beak; cellulose; crosslinking; exposure duration; nanocomposites; nanocrystals; squid
Abstract:
... Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as ...
DOI:
10.1021/ja4002713

85. Birds at the Winter Feeder do not Recognize an Artificially Coloured Predator

Author:
Petr Veselý; Markéta Buršíková; Roman Fuchs
Source:
Ethology 2016 v.122 no.12 pp. 937-944
ISSN:
0179-1613
Subject:
Accipiter; Columba livia; Cyanistes caeruleus; Parus major; animal behavior; beak; body size; claws; color; eyes; legs; pigeons; predators; prey species; winter
Abstract:
... It is supposed that coloration may affect the recognition of predators by prey species; nevertheless, the significance of the coloration and its particular components in the recognition process remains unknown. We presented dummies of the European sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) with changed body coloration, but with all other typical features preserved (body size and shape, beak, eyes, legs), to gr ...
DOI:
10.1111/eth.12565

86. Black beak tip coloration as a signal of phenotypic quality in a migratory seabird

Author:
Møller, A. P.; Flensted-Jensen, E.; Mardal, W.
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2007 v.61 no.10 pp. 1561-1571
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
North Atlantic Oscillation; Sterna; adults; beak; breeding; breeding season; breeding sites; clutch size; coastal water; color; environmental factors; fertilizer rates; melanin; migratory behavior; prediction; seabirds; wintering grounds; Antarctic region; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Many different seabirds including terns have black color at the tip of their beak, but a yellow, orange, or red color of the rest of the beak. The tip of the beak of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea is black, while the rest of the beak is deep red during the breeding season. We hypothesized that the black coloration of the tip of the beak is a reliable signal of phenotypic quality maintained by the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-007-0388-0

87. Black cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758) as a vector of fungi and parasites occurring in the gastrointestinal tract

Author:
Anna Biedunkiewicz; Janina Dziekońska-Rynko; Jerzy Rokicki
Source:
Biologia 2012 v.67 no.2 pp. 417-424
ISSN:
1336-9563
Subject:
Candida krusei; Contracaecum; Debaryomyces hansenii; Phalacrocorax carbo; Platyhelminthes; beak; birds; cloaca; digesta; duodenum; esterases; fungi; ileum; jejunum; stomach; tapeworms
Abstract:
... The study reported in this manuscript is a part of extended investigations on transmission of fungi potentially pathogenic to man as well as parasitic flatworms and nematodes by wild fowl. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of fungi and parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cormorants. Mycological and parasitological analyses were carried out on swabs taken from ontoceno ...
DOI:
10.2478/s11756-012-0012-2

88. Blood Serum Chemistry of Wild Alaskan Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with Avian Keratin Disorder

Author:
Van Hemert Caroline; Handel Colleen M.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.4 pp. 927-930
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Poecile atricapillus; aspartate transaminase; beak; birds; blood chemistry; blood serum; creatine kinase; fasting; keratin; lactate dehydrogenase; malnutrition; normal values; uric acid; Alaska
Abstract:
... We measured serum chemistries in wild Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) from Alaska to test for potential differences associated with beak deformities characteristic of avian keratin disorder. Lower uric acid in affected birds was the only difference detected between groups, although sample sizes were small. This difference could be associated with fasting or malnutrition in birds wit ...
DOI:
10.7589/2016-02-034

89. Body condition and colonization by fungi of House Sparrows Passer domesticus in the urban and rural environment

Author:
B. Dulisz; M. Dynowska; J. J. Nowakowski
Source:
The European zoological journal 2021 v.88 no.1 pp. 152-164
ISSN:
2475-0263
Subject:
Candida krusei; Passer domesticus; adults; beak; body condition; body weight; fungi; hemoglobin; juveniles; mycoses; rural areas; tail; urban population
Abstract:
... Mycoses of wild birds are rarely addressed in scientific research. We tested the hypothesis that urban populations of House Sparrow Passer domesticus, which in many cities showed downward trends in their number and are characterized by lower body mass and poorer body condition, would be more frequently colonized by fungi. To evaluate the degree of bird colonization by fungi, swabs were taken from ...
DOI:
10.1080/24750263.2020.1857447

90. Breeding biology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) on Woody Island, Western Australia

Author:
C. D. L. Powell; R. D. Wooller; J. S. Bradley
Source:
Emu 2007 v.107 no.4 pp. 275-283
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
Puffinus; adults; beak; breeding; burrows; coasts; eggs; fecundity; fledglings; growth models; hatching; juveniles; longline fisheries; mortality; reproductive success; seabirds; soil; tarsus (bone); New Zealand; Western Australia
Abstract:
... The Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) is a pelagic seabird that breeds predominantly around southern Australia and New Zealand. Its breeding biology is poorly known, particularly in Western Australia where the species is known to have suffered mortality during long-line fishing operations. We studied the breeding biology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater on Woody Island, off the southern c ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU07005

91. Breeding on the leading edge of a northward range expansion: differences in morphology and the stress response in the arctic Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow

Author:
Jesse S. Krause; Helen E. Chmura; Jonathan H. Pérez; Lisa N. Quach; Ashley Asmus; Karen R. Word; Michaela A. McGuigan; Shannan K. Sweet; Simone L. Meddle; Laura Gough; Natalie Boelman; John C. Wingfield
Source:
Oecologia 2016 v.180 no.1 pp. 33-44
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
arthropods; beak; biomass; birds; body condition; body size; breeding; females; glucocorticoids; males; molting; morphometry; muscles; phenotype; stress response; temperature
Abstract:
... Individuals at the forefront of a range shift are likely to exhibit phenotypic traits that distinguish them from the population breeding within the historic range. Recent studies have examined morphological, physiological and behavioral phenotypes of individuals at the edge of their range. Several studies have found differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in response ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-015-3447-7
PubMed:
26423267
PubMed Central:
PMC4698297

92. Broiler stress responses to light intensity, flooring type, and leg weakness as assessed by heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, serum corticosterone, infrared thermography, and latency to lie

Author:
Shawna L. Weimer; Robert F. Wideman; Colin G. Scanes; Andy Mauromoustakos; Karen D. Christensen; Yvonne Vizzier-Thaxton
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.7 pp. 3301-3311
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; blood sampling; blood serum; broiler chickens; chicks; corticosterone; eyes; floors; leg weakness; light intensity; males; poultry production; stress response; surface temperature; thermography
Abstract:
... Stress and leg weakness are detrimental to broiler production, health, and welfare. Traditional methods to evaluate stress may be stressful to the bird because they are invasive and require handling and restraint. Two studies examined the effects of light intensity and flooring on the following in broilers: 1) traditional methods for assessing stress using heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and serum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.028
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.028

93. Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak

Author:
Ségolène Riamon; Martin Pickford; Brigitte Senut; Antoine Louchart
Source:
Ibis 2021 v.163 no.2 pp. 715-721
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Bucerotidae; Bucorvidae; Miocene epoch; beak; fossils; phylogeny; Uganda
Abstract:
... Hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae) are among the most recognizable groups of birds. Their large, curved beak topped by a casque is their most obvious feature. Here, we describe the earliest fossil of a hornbill, and more precisely a Bucerotidae, from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. This fossil is a proximal part of a maxilla that can be tentatively assigned to the genus Tockus and which at ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12907

94. Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert

Author:
Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Martina Carrete; Daniel Chamorro; Carolina Bravo; Fernando Hiraldo; José L. Tella
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Prosopis alba; Prosopis nigra; Prosopis pallida; beak; ecosystems; endozoochory; feces; flight; flocks; genetic structure; keystone species; livestock; parrots; predation; pulp; satiety; viability; Argentina
Abstract:
... Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus and two ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13050204

95. Can Non-Beak Treated Hens be Kept in Commercial Furnished Cages? Exploring the Effects of Strain and Extra Environmental Enrichment on Behaviour, Feather Cover, and Mortality

Author:
Krysta L. H. Morrissey; Sarah Brocklehurst; Laurence Baker; Tina M. Widowski; Victoria Sandilands
Source:
Animals 2016 v.6 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; cages; environmental enrichment; farm management; laying hens; models; mortality; pecking; ropes
Abstract:
... Commercial laying hens are prone to injurious pecking (IP), a common multifactorial problem. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design assessed the effects of breed (Lohmann Brown Classic (L) or Hyline Brown (H)), beak treatment (infra-red treated (T) or not (NT)), and environment (extra enrichment (EE) or no extra enrichment (NE)) on mortality, behaviour, feather cover, and beak shape. Hens were allocated to ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani6030017
PubMed:
26927190
PubMed Central:
PMC4810045

96. Canary Pox in Sparrows and Canaries (Fringillidae) and in Weavers (Ploceidae); Pathology and Host Specificity of the Virus

Author:
W. E. Giddens; L. J. Swango; J. D. Henderson; R. A. Lewis; D. S. Farner; A. Carlos; W. C. Dolowy
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.8 no.3 pp. 260-280
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Fringillidae; Passer domesticus; Ploceidae; Zonotrichia atricapilla; animal pathology; beak; cages; canaries; chickens; cytoplasmic inclusions; dermatitis; epithelial cells; eyes; host specificity; mortality; peritonitis; pigeons; pleurisy; pneumonia; rhinitis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); turkeys; viruses
Abstract:
... An epornitie of canary pox occurred in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli), golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus), which had been caught in the wild and were being studied in laboratories. Of 900 exposed birds, 100 died naturally with the disease and 200 with clinical signs, and their 600 cage mates were killed. The earliest ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098587100800308

97. Captive husbandry and veterinary care of northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) during the CV Rena oil-spill response

Author:
B. D. Gartrell; R. Collen; J. E. Dowding; H. Gummer; S. Hunter; E. J. King; L. Laurenson; C. D. Lilley; K. J. Morgan; H. M. McConnell; K. Simpson; J. M. Ward
Source:
Wildlife research 2013 v.40 no.7 pp. 624-632
ISSN:
1035-3712
Subject:
Charadrius; artificial diets; aspergillosis; aviaries; beaches; beak; birds; captive animals; feathers; heart; legs; oil spills; oxen; risk; survival rate; washing; wildlife; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Context Oil spills cause significant detrimental impacts on many shoreline species. There is limited information in the scientific literature about the management and response of shorebirds to oil spills. Northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) were pre-emptively captured as part of the oiled wildlife response to the container vessel Rena oil spill, to ensure the survival o ...
DOI:
10.1071/WR13120

98. Carex socotrana, a New Endemic Species from Socotra Island

Author:
Radomír Řepka; Petr Maděra; Martin Cˇermák; Alan Forrest
Source:
Novon 2017 v.25 no.4 pp. 467-472
ISSN:
1055-3177
Subject:
Carex; awns; beak; biological nomenclature; indigenous species; leaves; mountains; plant taxonomy; Yemen
Abstract:
... We describe Carex socotrana Rěpka & Maděra, a new endemic species found in the Hajhir Mountains on Socotra Island. It differs from the morphologically similar African continental species C. steudneri Boeckeler in having a shorter stem, smaller leaf length and width, completely smooth leaf blades and margins, and pistillate scales without a whitish membranous margin and with distinctive awns at the ...
DOI:
10.3417/D-16-00004

99. Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Composite Inspired by Mussel Thread Coating and Squid Beak Interfacial Chemistry

Author:
Zvarec Ondrej; Purushotham Sreekanth; Masic Admir; Ramanujan Raju V.; Miserez Ali
Source:
Langmuir 2013 v.29 no.34 pp. 10899-10906
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
beak; biocompatible materials; biocomposites; catechol; chitosan; coatings; ferric oxide; moieties; mussels; nanoparticles; pH; squid; synthetic products; temperature
Abstract:
... Biological materials offer a wide range of multifunctional and structural properties that are currently not achieved in synthetic materials. Herein we report on the synthesis and preparation of bioinspired organic/inorganic composites that mimic the key physicochemical features associated with the mechanical strengthening of both squid beaks and mussel thread coatings using chitosan as an initial ...
DOI:
10.1021/la401858s

100. Cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of keratinocytes in the developing beak and egg-tooth of the turtle Emydura macquarii

Author:
Lorenzo Alibardi
Source:
Protoplasma 2020 v.257 no.5 pp. 1433-1445
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Emydura; adhesion; antibodies; beak; beta catenin; cell proliferation; developmental stages; egg tooth; epithelium; keratinization; keratinocytes; turtles
Abstract:
... The development of the beak in turtles is poorly known. Beak development has been analyzed by immunofluorescent methods for studying cell proliferation and localization of specific proteins. The flat two-layered epidermis covering the turtle embryo at mid stage of development becomes columnar in the oral region and is associated with an increase of mesenchymal density as in placodes. Using 5BrdU, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-020-01518-9