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1. Acute Beak and Feather Disease in juvenile African Grey parrots - an uncommon presentation of a common disease

Author:
Doneley, R.J.T.
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2003 v.81 no.4 pp. 206-207
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Psittacus erithacus; beak; case studies; chronic diseases; death; feathers; lesions (animal); parrots
Abstract:
... Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease is commonly diagnosed all over the world as a viral disease of psittacine birds that primarily results in abnormalities of the feathers and beak. The clinical presentation of this disease varies between species and age groups, but in the majority of cases the course of the disease is chronic. This case report documents an acute form of the disease in African Gre ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11472.x

2. Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant

Author:
Gregory B. Noe; Meghan Q.N. Fellows; Lorraine Parsons; Janelle West; John Callaway; Sally Trnka; Mark Wegener; Joy Zedler
Source:
Restoration ecology 2019 v.27 no.4 pp. 750-757
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum; adaptive management; annuals; beak; bees; birds; canopy; case studies; conservation areas; desalination; germination; global warming; grasses; indigenous species; introduced plants; littoral zone; monitoring; parasitism; perennials; pollinators; rain; regression analysis; reproduction; roots; salt marsh plants; salt marshes; temperature; tides; upland soils; California
Abstract:
... In theory, extirpated plant species can be reintroduced and managed to restore sustainable populations. However, few reintroduced plants are known to persist for more than a few years. Our adaptive‐management case study illustrates how we restored the endangered hemiparasitic annual plant, Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum (salt marsh bird's beak), to Sweetwater Marsh, San Diego Bay National ...
DOI:
10.1111/rec.12934

3. Adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches revisited using whole genome sequencing

Author:
Markus Sällman Almén; Sangeet Lamichhaney; Jonas Berglund; B. Rosemary Grant; Peter R. Grant; Matthew T. Webster; Leif Andersson
Source:
BioEssays 2016 v.38 no.1 pp. 14-20
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
Fringillidae; adaptive radiation; beak; biodiversity; birds; evolutionary adaptation; genetic relationships; genome; haplotypes; hybridization; loci; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... We recently used genome sequencing to study the evolutionary history of the Darwin's finches. A prominent feature of our data was that different polymorphic sites in the genome tended to indicate different genetic relationships among these closely related species. Such patterns are expected in recently diverged genomes as a result of incomplete lineage sorting. However, we uncovered conclusive evi ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.201500079

4. Adjustment of female reproductive investment according to male carotenoid-based ornamentation in a gallinaceous bird

Author:
Carlos Alonso-Alvarez; Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez; María Ester Ferrero; Esther García de-Blas; Fabián Casas; Francois Mougeot
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2012 v.66 no.5 pp. 731-742
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Alectoris rufa; beak; clutch size; eggs; energy; eyes; females; males; partridges; progeny; testosterone
Abstract:
... Carotenoid-based ornaments (many yellow–orange–red colourations) may signal the genetic or parental quality of the bearer. Thus, their expression could influence the amount of resources/energy that the mate will invest in the production of offspring, thereby optimising its reproductive fitness. The differential allocation hypothesis (DAH) predicts that females mated with more attractive males shou ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-012-1321-8

5. Advances in genetic selection and breeder practice improve commercial layer hen welfare

Author:
Greg Underwood; Daniel Andrews; Tin Phung
Source:
Animal production science 2021 v.61 no.10 pp. 856-866
ISSN:
1836-0939
Subject:
beak; egg production; egg quality; feed intake; genetic analysis; genetic selection; heterosis; issues and policy; laying hens; markets; meat; quantitative traits; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Modern commercial layer breeds represent the culmination of ~7000 years of natural genetic selection. This selection was driven in former times by a combination of genetic-shift and -drift events, that led to chickens being favoured as domesticated species for meat and egg production. More recently, in the early 20th century, the concept of hybrid vigour was discovered and accelerated the natural ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN20383

6. Advances in research on genetic relationships of waterfowl parvoviruses

Author:
Yanhui Chen; Ruth Afumba; Fusheng Pang; Rongxin Yuan; Hao Dong
Source:
Journal of Veterinary Research 2021 v.65 no.4 pp. 391-399
ISSN:
2450-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; beak; ducks; dwarfing; epidemiology; industry; morbidity; mortality; necropsy; veterinary medicine; viruses; waterfowl; weight loss; China
Abstract:
... Derzsy’s disease and Muscovy duck parvovirus disease have become common diseases in waterfowl culture in the world and their potential to cause harm has risen. The causative agents are goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), which can provoke similar clinical symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates. In recent years, duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome has been prevalen ...
DOI:
10.2478/jvetres-2021-0063

7. Age Validation in Octopus vulgaris Beaks Across the Full Ontogenetic Range: Beaks as Recorders of Life Events in Octopuses

Author:
Perales-Raya Catalina; Almansa Eduardo; Bartolomé Aurora; Felipe Beatriz C.; Iglesias José; Sánchez Francisco Javier; Carrasco José Francisco; Rodríguez Carmen
Source:
Journal of shellfish research 2014 v.33 no.2 pp. 481-493
ISSN:
0730-8000
Subject:
Octopus vulgaris; adults; aquariums; beak; jaws; life events; ontogeny; wild animals
Abstract:
... This study demonstrates the daily deposition of increments in Octopus vulgaris beaks for both lateral wall surfaces (LWS) and rostrum sagittal sections (RSS). Forty-nine marked wild animals kept in aquaria (weight range, 158–3,521 g) and 24 captive-reared known-age individuals (paralarvae, 0–98 days old; adults, 200–734 days old) were studied, encompassing for the first time the full age range of ...
DOI:
10.2983/035.033.0217

8. Age validation in Octopus maya (Voss and Solís, 1966) by counting increments in the beak rostrum sagittal sections of known age individuals

Author:
Guadalupe Villegas Bárcenas; Catalina Perales-Raya; Aurora Bartolomé; Eduardo Almansa; Carlos Rosas
Source:
Fisheries research 2014 v.152 pp. 93-97
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Octopodidae; analysis of covariance; animals; beak; diet; juveniles; periodicity
Abstract:
... The present study was carried out to validate the daily deposition and age estimation by using beak rostrum sagittal sections increments of cultivated Octopus maya (Voss and Solís, 1966). This study validates for first time the periodicity of beak increments by using animals of known age. We analyzed the rostrum sagittal sections (RSS) of upper and lower beaks in 40 juveniles of O. maya divided in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2013.08.007

9. Age, growth and population structure of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone based on beak microstructure

Author:
Guanyu Hu; Zhou Fang; Bilin Liu; Dan Yang; Xinjun Chen; Yong Chen
Source:
Fisheries science 2016 v.82 no.4 pp. 597-604
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Dosidicus gigas; animal age; animal growth; autumn; beak; body weight; females; gender differences; hatching; males; microstructure; population structure; spawning; squid; summer
Abstract:
... The beak is a hard structure of cephalopods with relatively constant shape, which records a lot of biological and ecological information. Based on samples collected by Chinese squid jigging vessels off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone from July to October 2013, we explored the feasibility of age estimation and growth pattern with the upper beak of Dosidicus gigas. The internal rostral axis and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-016-0991-y

10. Alternaria species associated with early blight epidemics on tomato and other Solanaceae crops in northwestern Algeria

Author:
Nabahat Bessadat; Romain Berruyer; Bruno Hamon; Nelly Bataille-Simoneau; Soumaya Benichou; Mabrouk Kihal; Djamel E. Henni; Philippe Simoneau
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2017 v.148 no.1 pp. 181-197
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Alternaria; Solanaceae; beak; blight; conidia; crops; disease outbreaks; fungi; leaves; mixed infection; pathogenicity; sporulation; synergism; tomatoes; Algeria
Abstract:
... Early blight is a common disease of Solanaceae crops worldwide. The occurrence of Alternaria spp. was studied during three epidemics on tomato in northwestern Algeria. Alternaria was detected in more than 80 % of the diseased plant samples and accounted for more than 50 % of the total fungal isolates recovered from these samples. Morphological and molecular investigations revealed that small-spore ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-016-1081-9

11. Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Amygdalus triloba in Xinjiang of China

Author:
X. F. Chen; Y. Q. He; A. M. He; J. X. He; Q. Q. Li; J. H. Zhang; L. Z. Du
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.3 pp. 705
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; Alternaria tenuissima; DNA; Prunus triloba; beak; beautification; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; defoliation; disease control; disease transmission; ecology; ethanol; fungi; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; histones; internal transcribed spacers; landscapes; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; olives; pathogenicity; pathogens; polygalacturonase; sequence analysis; shrubs; China
Abstract:
... Amygdalus triloba (Rosaceae; previously Prunus triloba) is a deciduous, flowering shrub that is widely used in the greening and beautification of lawns, parks, and courtyards in China. In late May 2019, a leaf spot disease of A. triloba was observed on approximately 35% of plants in the Xinjiang Alaer city (40°33′20′′N, 81°17′19′′E). The disease symptoms began as small, suborbicular, brown spots o ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1244-PDN

12. American Kestrel (Falco spaverius) Fledgling With Severe Bilateral Periorbital Swelling and Infection With Mycoplasma buteonis, Avibacterium (Pasteurella) gallinarum, and Staphylococcus pasteuri

Author:
Bezjian Marisa; Kollias George V.
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2014 v.28 no.2 pp. 127-131
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Falco sparverius; Mycoplasma; Pasteurella; Staphylococcus pasteuri; beak; birds of prey; breathing; cellulitis; debridement; drug therapy; eyes; females; fistula; fledglings; mixed infection; sinusitis; tissues
Abstract:
... A female American kestrel (Falco spaverius) fledgling was found on the ground with a suspected trauma to the right eye and open-mouth breathing. During the first 2 days of hospitalization, the bird developed severe bilateral periorbital cellulitis, blepharoedema, and sinusitis. The periocular tissues of the right globe were devitalized and communicated with a fistula at the commissure of the right ...
DOI:
10.1647/2013-021

13. Analysis of Eurasian Stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) microbial flora reveals the presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in agro-pastoral areas of Sicily (Italy)

Author:
Maria Foti; Rosario Grasso; Vittorio Fisichella; Antonietta Mascetti; Manuel Andrea Zafarana; Marco Colnaghi; Maria Grasso; Maria Teresa Spena
Source:
Heliyon 2020 v.6 no.10 pp. e05401
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
Burhinus; agar; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; beak; disk diffusion antimicrobial test; eyes; feces; humans; microbiome; multiple drug resistance; risk; wild birds; wildlife; Italy; Sicily
Abstract:
... Spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in natural environments pose a risk to human and animal health. Wild birds are considered to be reservoirs of human pathogens and vectors of antimicrobial resistance distribution in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in isolates from bird specimens living in three agro-pastoral areas of t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05401

14. Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates evidence of multiple introduction events into Saudi Arabia

Author:
Mahmoud Mohamed; Ibrahim El-Sabagh; Yoya Vashi; Vipin Jagrit; Mohamed Abd Elmonem Salem; M.A. Al-Ramadan; Ahmed M. Al-Ali; Sachin Kumar
Source:
Virus research 2021 v.295 pp. 198279
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittacidae; beak; databases; epidemiology; genetic variation; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; research; risk; trade; viral genome; viruses; Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a highly contagious disease in wild and captive psittacine populations and has an almost global presence. However, the BFDV infection in Saudi Arabia remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report the full genome sequence of BFDV strains from Saudi Arabia and its genetic diversity. The complete ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198279

15. Anatomical Descriptions of The Nasal Cavity of The Aquatic and Non-Aquatic Birds

Author:
Fatma Madkour
Source:
SVU- International Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2019 v.2 no.2 pp. 101-110
ISSN:
2535-1877
Subject:
beak; doves; ducks; geese; nasal cavity; quails
Abstract:
... This study attested the anatomical and morphometrical descriptions of the nasal cavity in duck, goose as the aquatic birds and quail, dove as the non-aquatic birds. This study elucidated in the aquatic birds that the nasal cavity remarkable increased in width caudally and had relatively larger nasal conchae and greater of the middle nasal concha than the non-aquatic birds. The nostrils without ope ...
DOI:
10.21608/SVU.2019.14982.1022

16. Anatomical, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of cavum nasi of the common quails (Coturnix coturnix. Erlangeri)

Author:
Walaa Abdelwahab Abdeghani Basha; Sameh Mohamed Farouk; Said Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2022 v.51 no.4 pp. 468-476
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Coturnix coturnix; beak; epithelium; histology; keratinization; nasal cavity; quails
Abstract:
... Ten normal, mature and common quails were used to study in detail the gross anatomy, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity. The relationship between the structure and function of the nasal cavity also were assessed. The quail nasal cavity was divided into the vestibule, nasal cavity proper and fundus. The nasal cavity began rostrally by two slit‐like externa ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12808

17. And the beak shall inherit – evolution in response to invasion

Author:
Scott P. Carroll; Jenella E. Loye; Hugh Dingle; Michael Mathieson; Thomas R. Famula; Myron P. Zalucki
Source:
Ecology letters 2005 v.8 no.9 pp. 944-951
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Sapindus saponaria; beak; evolution; host range; introduced species; museums; vines; weeds
Abstract:
... The increased demographic performance of biological invaders may often depend on their escape from specifically adapted enemies. Here we report that native taxa in colonized regions may swiftly evolve to exploit such emancipated exotic species because of selection caused by invaders. A native Australian true bug has expanded it host range to include a vine imported from tropical America that has b ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00800.x

18. Annual and Seasonal Variation in the Growth Rates of Young Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Western Australia

Author:
B.C. Wienecke; J.S. Bradley; R.D. Wooller
Source:
Emu 2000 v.100 no.2 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
Eudyptula minor; beak; chicks; fledglings; islands; nestlings; seasonal variation; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Four linear measurements and body mass were used to measure the growth of Little Penguin Eudytula minor nestlings on Penguin Island, Western Australia, from 1989 to 1991. In general, beak length and beak depth increased more slowly than flipper and tarsus lengths, and body mass increased rapidly. Growth rates did not differ significantly between years. However, second-hatched chicks grew more slow ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU9856

19. Antimicrobial capacity is related to body colouration and reproductive success in female spotless starlings

Author:
Magdalena Ruiz‐Rodríguez; Manuel Azcárate‐García; Cristina Ruiz‐Castellano; Gustavo Tomás; Silvia Díaz‐Lora; Tomás Pérez‐Contreras; Juan J. Soler
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2020 v.51 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Sturnus; agglutination; antigens; appearance (quality); bacteria; beak; blood plasma; breeding; color; feathers; females; hosts; humoral immunity; information; males; nestlings; parasites; reproductive success; secretion; sexual selection; strains; throat; uropygial gland; volume
Abstract:
... Pathogenic microorganisms select for a plethora of defensive mechanisms on their hosts. In males of some species, flashy traits might signal antimicrobial capacity and, thus, they might be favoured in scenarios of sexual selection. Antimicrobial capacity of individuals may predict reproductive success in males, and it could be adapted to changing environments. However, evidence for these associati ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.02425

20. Applying new tools to cephalopod trophic dynamics and ecology: perspectives from the Southern Ocean Cephalopod Workshop, February 2-3, 2006

Author:
Jackson, G. D.; Bustamante, P.; Cherel, Y.; Fulton, E. A.; Grist, E. P. M.; Jackson, C. H.; Nichols, P. D.; Pethybridge, H.; Phillips, K.; Ward, R. D.; Xavier, J. C.
Source:
Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 2007 v.17 no.2-3 pp. 79-99
ISSN:
0960-3166
Subject:
Cephalopoda; DNA barcoding; beak; biologists; ecosystems; fatty acids; food chain; heavy metals; models; parasites; population dynamics; researchers; squid; stable isotopes; taxonomy; tracer techniques; Tasmania
Abstract:
... A two day workshop on Southern Ocean cephalopods was held in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia prior to the triennial 2006 Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC) symposium. The workshop provided a second international forum to present the current state of research and new directions since the last Southern Ocean cephalopod meeting held in 1993. A major focus of the workshop was trophic ecology ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11160-007-9055-9

21. Architecture-Driven Fast Droplet Transport without Mass Loss

Author:
Kai Zhuang; Yao Lu; Xiaolei Wang; Xiaolong Yang
Source:
Langmuir 2021 v.37 no.43 pp. 12519-12528
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
beak; biotechnology; droplets; energy; equations; foil; gravity; hydrophilicity; peristome; theoretical models; topology
Abstract:
... Spontaneous droplet transport without mass loss has great potential applications in the fields of energy and biotechnology, but it remains challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient driving force for the transport while suppressing droplet mass loss. Learning from the slippery peristome of Nepenthes alata and wedge topology of a shorebird beak that can spontaneously feed water aga ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01608

22. Aspects of breeding biology of Cattle Egret, bubulcus ibis coromandus (boddaert) in Jammu, India

Author:
Deep Novel Kour; D.N. Sahi
Source:
International journal of environmental sciences 2013 v.3 no.5 pp. 1547-1561
ISSN:
0976-4402
Subject:
Bubulcus ibis; Mangifera indica; Vachellia nilotica; beak; breeding; chicks; clutch size; courtship; egg quality; eggs; environmental science; hatching; information; length; nesting sites; nests; oviposition; parents; reproductive success; survival rate; volume; weaning; weight; India
Abstract:
... An attempt has been made to gather a firsthand information regarding the various aspects of the breeding biology of Cattle Egrets like courtship displays, location and selection of nesting site, egg laying, egg characteristics, clutch size, incubation period, hatching, nesting success, hatching success, nest life, weaning period etc. The breeding period was discerned to be starting from March to J ...
DOI:
10.6088/ijes.2013030500025

23. Aspects of the Nesting Biology of the Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata: Incubation Period, Hatching Synchrony and Patterns of Nest Attendance and Defence

Author:
Peter J. Whitehead
Source:
Emu 1999 v.99 no.2 pp. 121-134
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
aggression; beak; eggs; feet; females; flocks; hatching; human-wildlife relations; males; nesting; nests; radio telemetry; solar radiation; temperature; waterfowl; wings
Abstract:
... The period between clutch initiation and departure of family groups from successful Magpie Goose nests ranged from 31 to 33 d. Incubation period was 25 days and family groups remained at the nest up to 4 d after the first egg hatched. Hatching was poorly synchronised relative to many other waterfowl, probably due to variable but often elevated egg temperatures (up to 36.6°C) during the 5–10 d layi ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU99015

24. Associations between neck plumage and beak darkness, as well as comb size measurements and scores with ranging frequency of Sasso and Green-legged Partridge chickens

Author:
Patryk Sztandarski; Joanna Marchewka; Franciszek Wojciechowski; Anja B. Riber; Stefan Gunnarsson; Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.9 pp. 101340
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; color; computer software; eyes; genetic selection; meat; neck; partridges; plumage; poultry production
Abstract:
... Despite the intensive genetic selection in modern poultry, variability of domestic fowl phenotypes has remained, especially in breeds adapted to local conditions. The relevance of this variability to the chicken outdoor ranging activities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if external features were associated with the ranging frequency of the 48 female chickens from each of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101340

25. Astragalus ihsancalisii (Fabaceae), a new species from Erzurum province, E Turkey

Author:
Alı A. Dönmez; Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydin
Source:
Willdenowia 2018 v.48 no.3 pp. 399-404
ISSN:
1868-6397
Subject:
Astragalus; Willdenowia; beak; conservation status; flowers; leaves; legumes; new species; pedicel; photographs; racemes; scanning electron microscopy; Iran; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Astragalus ihsancalisii Dönmez & Uğurlu (Fabaceae) is described as a new species from Erzurum province in E Turkey. The new species belongs to A. sect. Incani DC. and is similar and possibly related to A.glaucophyllus Bunge and A.guzelsuensis F. Ghahrem. & al. from Turkey and A.siahcheshmehensis Maassoumi & Podlech from Iran. Astragalus ihsancalisii is clearly distinguished from those three specie ...
DOI:
10.3372/wi.48.48309

26. Astragalus nuoergongensis (Fabaceae), a New Species from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China

Author:
Xu Ri; Li-Qing Zhao
Source:
Annales botanici Fennici 2018 v.55 no.4-6 pp. 405-407
ISSN:
0003-3847
Subject:
Astragalus; beak; calyx; flowering; hairs; legumes; new species; scientific illustration; taxon descriptions; China
Abstract:
... Astragalus nuoergongensis L.Q. Zhao & Xu Ri (Fabaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically quite similar especially to A. scabrisetus, but its calyx is densely covered with appressed bifurcate hairs, its calyx teeth are 1/2–3/4 the length of the calyx tube, and its legumes are covered with appressed bifurcate hairs and have a b ...
DOI:
10.5735/085.055.0421

27. Attachment and performance of Argos satellite tracking devices fitted to black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.)

Author:
Christine Groom; Kris Warren; Anna Le Souef; Rick Dawson
Source:
Wildlife research 2014 v.41 no.7 pp. 571-583
ISSN:
1035-3712
Subject:
batteries; beak; birds; feathers; flight; habitats; mastication; molting; monitoring; research projects; risk; satellites; tail; wildlife; United States
Abstract:
... Context Studying interactions between a wildlife species and its spatial environment can enable a deeper understanding of its ecology. Studies of spatial ecology are generally undertaken by attaching tracking devices to selected individuals and following their movements. Highly mobile species, such as black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.), that occupy habitats with patchy resources are ideal cand ...
DOI:
10.1071/WR14138

28. Avian keratin disorder of Alaska black-capped chickadees is associated with Poecivirus infection

Author:
Maxine Zylberberg; Caroline Van Hemert; Colleen M. Handel; Joseph L. DeRisi
Source:
Virology journal 2018 v.15 no.1 pp. 100
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
Poecile atricapillus; beak; birds; blood sampling; cloaca; epizootic diseases; etiology; feces; in situ hybridization; keratin; polymerase chain reaction; screening; virus replication; viruses; Alaska
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an epizootic of debilitating beak deformities, first documented in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska during the late 1990s. Similar deformities have now been recorded in dozens of species of birds across multiple continents. Despite this, the etiology of AKD has remained elusive, making it difficult to assess the impacts of this di ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-018-1008-5
PubMed:
29903045
PubMed Central:
PMC6003155

29. Avian malaria in a boreal resident species: long-term temporal variability, and increased prevalence in birds with avian keratin disorder

Author:
Laura C. Wilkinson; Colleen M. Handel; Caroline Van Hemert; Claire Loiseau; Ravinder N.M. Sehgal
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2016 v.46 no.4 pp. 281-290
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
Plasmodium; Poecile atricapillus; avian malaria; beak; birds; blood sampling; climate change; correlation; cytochrome b; environmental factors; genes; keratin; latitude; monitoring; parasites; prediction; sequence analysis; summer; temperature; temporal variation; weather; Alaska
Abstract:
... The prevalence of vector-borne parasitic diseases is widely influenced by biological and ecological factors. Environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation can have a marked effect on haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that cause malaria and those that cause other malaria-like diseases in birds. However, there have been few long-term studies monitoring haemosporidian infect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.008

30. Aviisotricha hoazini n. gen., n. sp., the Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of an Anaerobic Ciliate from the Crop of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin), the Cow Among the Birds

Author:
Christian F. Bardele; Sigrid Schultheiß; Denis H. Lynn; André-Denis G. Wright; Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello; Nestor E. Obispo
Source:
Protist 2017 v.168 no.3 pp. 335-351
ISSN:
1434-4610
Subject:
beak; foregut; ribosomal RNA; phylogeny; digestion; scanning electron microscopy; genes; cows; odors; new genus; fermentation; Entodiniomorphida; transmission electron microscopy; Eubacteria; Dasytricha; taxonomic revisions; Balantioides; Isotricha; birds; staining; Archaea; vegetation
Abstract:
... The hoatzin is the only known avian species that has evolved a foregut fermentation system similar to that of ruminant animals. Due to the closeness of the bird’s fermentation chamber, the crop, to the bird’s beak it exudes an unpleasant odour; therefore, the hoatzin is called the “cow among the birds”. In addition to Eubacteria and Archaea, responsible for digestion of the vegetation they consume ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.protis.2017.02.002

31. Bayesian estimation of competitiveness in male house finches: small-billed males are more competitive

Author:
Masaru Hasegawa; Mathieu Giraudeau; Nobuyuki Kutsukake; Mamoru Watanabe; Kevin J. McGraw
Source:
Animal behaviour 2015 v.108 pp. 207-214
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Carpodacus mexicanus; beak; birds; cages; foraging; males; motivation; seeds; social dominance
Abstract:
... A common method for assessing the competitiveness of animals, especially in birds, is to pit pairs of unfamiliar individuals against each other in contests for limited resources under controlled conditions. Although this approach can clarify dominant–subordinate relationships within dyads, it is often difficult to determine competitiveness for a large group of individuals. Here, by using Bayesian ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.027

32. Beak Microstructure Estimates of the Age, Growth, and Population Structure of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) in the Xisha Islands Waters of the South China Sea

Author:
Ziyue Chen; Huajie Lu; Wei Liu; Kai Liu; Xinjun Chen
Source:
Fishes 2022 v.7 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2410-3888
Subject:
autumn; beak; body weight; linear models; microstructure; population structure; squid; South China Sea
Abstract:
... This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an upper beak microstructure to estimate the age of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). From these microstructures, the age and growth of squid caught from January to March and May to August in 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the waters surrounding the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea were determined. We found three typical growth ...
DOI:
10.3390/fishes7040187

33. Beak abnormality hinders provisioning ability and reduces body condition of a female House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)

Author:
Christine J. Hodges; Dylan M. Poorboy; Beth M. Weber; Charles F. Thompson
Source:
Wilson journal of ornithology 2019 v.131 no.1 pp. 128-134
ISSN:
1559-4491
Subject:
Troglodytes aedon; beak; body condition; breeding season; clutch size; females; nestlings; nests; progeny; rearing; wild birds
Abstract:
... Beak abnormalities have been reported in a wide range of species but typically affect only a small portion (<1%) of wild bird populations. Most research has focused on the prevalence, morphology, and causes of beak deformities, resulting in relatively little information on the consequences of these deformities for individual birds. Birds with abnormal beaks likely struggle to feed themselves, a si ...
DOI:
10.1676/18-50
PubMed:
31105481
PubMed Central:
PMC6519477

34. Beak and feather disease virus carriage by Knemidocoptes pilae in a sulphur‐crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)

Author:
T Portas; B Jackson; S Das; S Shamsi; SR Raidal
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2017 v.95 no.12 pp. 486-489
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Cacatua; Epidermoptidae; Raillietina; antigens; beak; brain; ectoparasites; encephalitis; fomites; fungi; hyphae; immunohistochemistry; immunosuppression; inflammation; intestines; mange; mites; necrosis; pathogens
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: This paper describes the pathology associated with psittacine beak and feather disease in a wild sulphur‐crested cockatoo with concurrent knemidocoptic mange, cestodiasis and mycotic encephalitis. METHODS & RESULTS: Large numbers of Knemidocoptes pilae Lavoipierre and Griffiths, 1951 (Acari: Epidermoptidae, Knemidokoptinae) were identified in affected skin associated with enhanced expr ...
DOI:
10.1111/avj.12649

35. Beak and feather disease virus in wild and captive parrots: an analysis of geographic and taxonomic distribution and methodological trends

Author:
Deborah J. Fogell; Rowan O. Martin; Jim J. Groombridge
Source:
Archives of virology 2016 v.161 no.8 pp. 2059-2074
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; aviculture; beak; diagnostic techniques; epidemiological studies; flocks; immunologic techniques; parrots; screening; trade; viruses; Africa; Asia; North America; South America
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) has emerged in recent years as a major threat to wild parrot populations and is an increasing concern to aviculturists and managers of captive populations. Pathological and serological tests for screening for the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) are a critical component of efforts to manage the disease and of epidemiological studies. Sinc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-016-2871-2
PubMed:
27151279
PubMed Central:
PMC4947100

36. Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Author:
Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.1 pp. 339-344
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; feathers; parrots; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; viral load; South Africa
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), the most prevalent viral disease affecting psittacines, is caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). This study assessed viral load using qPCR in a wild Cape parrot population affected by PBFD and compared it to overall physical condition based on clinical signs attributable to PBFD. A significant inverse correlation between viral load and overall ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2225-x
PubMed:
25193072

37. Beak and feather disease viruses circulating in Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Author:
Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.1 pp. 47-54
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; blood; breeding; budgerigars; coat proteins; disease outbreaks; feathers; genome; parrots; phylogeny; risk; viruses; South Africa
Abstract:
... Captive and wild psittacines are vulnerable to the highly contagious psittacine beak and feather disease. The causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), was recently detected in the largest remaining population of endangered Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus), which are endemic to South Africa. Full-length genomes were isolated and sequenced from 26 blood samples collected from wild ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2226-9
PubMed:
25209153

38. Beak colour reflects circulating carotenoid and vitamin A levels in spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor)

Author:
Navarro, Carlos; Pérez-Contreras, Tomás; Avilés, Jesús M.; Mcgraw, Kevin J.; Soler, Juan J.
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2010 v.64 no.7 pp. 1057-1067
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
beak; birds; correlation; physiological state; feathers; polygyny; nutrients; males; sexual selection; adults; color; chest; Sturnus; vitamin A; females; breeding season; nestlings
Abstract:
... Many colourful sexually selected signals in animals are carotenoid-dependent and, because carotenoids function as antiradicals and immunostimulating molecules, carotenoid-dependent signals may honestly reflect the health state of individuals. Some others nutrients like vitamin A may also enhance health and colouration, but these have rarely been tested alongside carotenoids in colourful birds. Her ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-010-0920-5

39. Beak condition and cage density determine abundance and spatial distribution of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and chicken body lice, Menacanthus stramineus, on caged laying hens

Author:
Mullens, B.A.; Chen, B.L.; Owen, J.P.
Source:
Poultry science 2010 v.89 no.12 pp. 2565-2572
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; stocking rate; laying hens; Menacanthus stramineus; parasitoses; spatial distribution; mites; White Leghorn; population density; beak trimming; lice; body condition; cages; Ornithonyssus sylviarum
Abstract:
... Adult White Leghorn hens (Hy-Line strain W-36) were inoculated with either northern fowl mites or chicken body lice, and the ectoparasite populations were monitored over periods of 9 to 16 wk. Two beak conditions (beak trimmed or beak intact) and 2 housing densities (1 or 2 hens per 25 x 31 cm suspended wire cage) were tested. Populations of both ectoparasites were at least 10 times lower on beak- ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2010-00955

40. Beak identification of four dominant octopus species in the East China Sea based on traditional measurements and geometric morphometrics

Author:
Zhou Fang; Jiangtao Fan; Xinjun Chen; Yangyang Chen
Source:
Fisheries science 2018 v.84 no.6 pp. 975-985
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Octopodidae; analysis of variance; artificial intelligence; beak; discriminant analysis; fisheries; geometry; morphometry; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Octopus is the most abundant genus in the family Octopodidae and accounts for more than half of the total cephalopod landing in neritic fisheries. A taxonomic problem still exists due to synonymous scientific names and limited genetic information. The cephalopod beak is a stable structure that allows an effective solution to the problem of the species and stock identification. Beak shape variation ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-018-1235-0

41. Beak keratoacanthomas in two budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with Knemidocoptes spp. infection

Author:
Christina Doukaki; Nikolaos Papaioannou; Minh Huynh
Source:
Journal of exotic pet medicine 2021 v.36 pp. 80-83
ISSN:
1557-5063
Subject:
beak; broiler chickens; budgerigars; epithelium; females; hair follicles; histology; households; keratin; males; mites; skin lesions; squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract:
... Keratoacanthoma is a common cutaneous neoplasia in humans that most often occurs on sun exposed sites and is considered a rapidly growing pseudomalignancy, resembling squamous cell carcinoma.Beak keratoacanthomas were diagnosed in two birds from two different households: in a 10-year-old male and in a 1-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The main clinical findings in both birds we ...
DOI:
10.1053/j.jepm.2019.06.008

42. Beak marks on butterfly wings with special reference to Japanese black swallowtail

Author:
Keizi Kiritani; Hanae Yamashita; Kohji Yamamura
Source:
Population ecology 2013 v.55 no.3 pp. 451-459
ISSN:
1438-3896
Subject:
Papilio polyxenes; Wagyu; adults; autumn; beak; birds; body size; butterflies; correlation; flight; grasslands; life history; models; predation; predators; spring; surveys; survival rate; wings; woodlands
Abstract:
... Birds are believed to be one of the principal predators of butterflies. The beak marks (BMs) left on the butterfly wings are useful indices of bird predation. We performed 84 collections in grasslands and woodlands during 2002-2006 in Ito, Shizuoka prefecture, and collected 893 specimens belonging to 48 species. In general, the larger was the body size the higher was the BM rate. There were two pe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10144-013-0375-4

43. Beak marks on the wings of butterflies and predation pressure in the field

Author:
Masato Ota; Masahide Yuma; Yoshito Mitsuo; Yuki Togo
Source:
Entomological science 2014 v.17 no.4 pp. 371-375
ISSN:
1343-8786
Subject:
Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Papilionidae; Pieridae; beak; butterflies; predation; predator-prey relationships; predators; wings; Japan
Abstract:
... Beak marks on butterfly wings have been used as an indicator of predation pressure. The relationship between butterflies and their predators in the field was examined to evaluate the beak mark rate as an indicator of predation pressure. Transect censuses were conducted to measure the beak mark rate on butterflies from May to November, 2010, in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. A total of 1216 butterflies o ...
DOI:
10.1111/ens.12076

44. Beak microstructure analysis as a tool to identify potential rearing stress for Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Author:
Rita Melo Franco‐Santos; Catalina Perales‐Raya; Eduardo Almansa; Marleen De Troch; Diego Garrido
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.9 pp. 3001-3015
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Octopus vulgaris; aquaculture; beak; biomarkers; diet; experimental design; jaws; light intensity; microstructure; rearing; survival rate
Abstract:
... Octopus vulgaris is a viable candidate for commercial aquaculture, but rearing procedures might stress individuals and result in diminished growth and survival. This study investigated the relationship between possible stress sources (tank transposition and syphoning) when rearing O. vulgaris paralarvae and the deposition pattern of growth increments in their beak microstructure. Light intensity a ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12753

45. Beak morphology and song features covary in a population of Darwin's finches (Geospiza fortis)

Author:
HUBER, SARAH K.; PODOS, JEFFREY
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2006 v.88 no.3 pp. 489-498
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Fringillidae; assortative mating; beak; correlation; natural selection; population size; songbirds
Abstract:
... Animal mating signals evolve in part through indirect natural selection on anatomical traits that influence signal expression. In songbirds, for example, natural selection on beak form and function can influence the evolution of song features, because of the role of the beak in song production. In this study we characterize the relationship between beak morphology and song features within a bimoda ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00638.x

46. Beak morphology predicts apparent survival of crossbills: due to selective survival or selective dispersal?

Author:
David Gómez‐Blanco; Simone Santoro; Antoni Borrás; Josep Cabrera; Juan Carlos Senar; Pim Edelaar
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2019 v.50 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Loxia curvirostra; Pinus uncinata; beak; conifers; food intake; forests; immigration; mark-recapture studies; models; mortality; natural selection; Northern European region
Abstract:
... Dozens of morphologically differentiated populations, subspecies and species of crossbills (genus Loxia) exist. It has been suggested that this divergence is due to variation in the conifer cones that each population specialises upon, requiring a specific beak size to efficiently separate the cone scales. If so, apparent survival should depend on beak size. To test this hypothesis, we undertook mu ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.02107

47. Beak necrosis in Hungarian partridges (Perdix perdix) associated with beak-bits and avian poxvirus infection

Author:
Brower, Alexandra I.; Cigel, Francine; Radi, Craig; Toohey-Kurth, Kathy
Source:
Avian pathology 2010 v.39 no.3 pp. 223-225
ISSN:
0307-9457
Subject:
beak; etiology; partridges; animal care equipment; animal pathology; palate; lesions (animal); nasal cavity; necrosis; poultry diseases; epithelium; plastics; Poxviridae; pharynx; Perdix perdix; pathogenesis; case studies; foreign bodies; Hungary
Abstract:
... Proliferative growth, consistent with poxvirus infection, encapsulated plastic beak-bits and covered the dorsal portion of the upper beak and nares of adult male and female captive-raised Hungarian partridges. Three representative birds were submitted to the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Lesions in the necropsied birds extended through the nares, where the plastic bit en ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079451003781841
PubMed:
20544429

48. Beak of the pinch: anti-parasite traits are similar among Darwin’s finch species

Author:
Scott M. Villa; Jennifer A. H. Koop; Céline Le Bohec; Dale H. Clayton
Source:
Evolutionary ecology 2018 v.32 no.5 pp. 443-452
ISSN:
0269-7653
Subject:
Passeriformes; adaptive radiation; animal morphology; beak; birds; ectoparasites; feather mites; parasite load; preening
Abstract:
... Darwin’s finches are an iconic example of adaptive radiation. The size and shape of the beaks of different finch species are diversified for feeding on different size seeds and other food resources. However, beaks also serve other functions, such as preening for the control of ectoparasites. In diverse groups of birds, the effectiveness of preening is governed by the length of the overhanging tip ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10682-018-9949-0

49. Beak trimming methods

Author:
Glatz, P.C.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
chicks; turkeys; hens; beak trimming; beak; cannibalism; disease control; automation; robots; lasers; surgery; freeze drying; strain differences; ergonomics; animal welfare; environmental enrichment; behavior change; selection response
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2000.1619

50. Beak trimming of turkeys. 1. Effects of three methods of beak trimming on body weight and mortality of six genetic lines

Author:
Noble, D.O.; Krueger, K.K.; Nestor, K.E.
Source:
Poultry science 1996 v.75 no.6 pp. 702-704
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
turkeys; beak trimming; body weight; mortality; line differences; gender differences; beak
Abstract:
... An experiment was designed to compare BW and mortality of turkeys when three methods of beak trimming were utilized. Turkeys from six genetic lines were assigned to three beak trimming methods: are beak trimming at hatching, hot-blade block trimming at 13 d, or hot-blade top-beak-only trimming at 13 d. Beak trimming method influenced 8-wk BW of three lines of females, but did not affect female BW ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.0750702
PubMed:
8737833

51. Beak trimming of turkeys. 2. Effects of arc beak trimming on weight gain, feed intake, feed wastage, and feed conversion

Author:
Noble, D.O.; Nestor, K.E.
Source:
Poultry science 1997 v.76 no.5 pp. 668-670
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
turkeys; beak trimming; beak; feed intake; liveweight gain; gender differences; strain differences; feed conversion
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted to study the effects of arc beak trimming on feed consumption, weight gain, and feed wastage in males and females from two large-bodied strains and one medium-bodied strain of turkeys. Birds were placed in wire-floored battery cages from 3 to 8 wk of age and feed intake, weight gains, and feed spilled into dropping pans were recorded for each of the 5 wk of each trial. ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/76.5.668
PubMed:
9154617

52. Beak trimming reduces feeding efficiency of hens

Author:
Prescott, N.B.; Bonser, R.H.C.
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2004 v.13 no.3 pp. 468-471
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
laying hens; food animals; ingestion; beak trimming; beak; pelleted feeds; hen feeding; animal welfare; feed deprivation
DOI:
10.1093/japr/13.3.468

53. Begging form and growth pattern of nestlings correlate with parental food-allocation patterns in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)

Author:
Bo Du; Chang-Jing Liu; Shi-Jie Bao
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 2015 v.93 no.4 pp. 273-279
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Eremophila alpestris; adults; beak; fledglings; life history; nestlings; parenting; parents; reproductive success
Abstract:
... Life-history theory assumes that selection favors parents that can maximize their reproductive success via behavioral strategies. As brood size determines the reproductive value of each nestling, parents may adjust their food-allocation patterns according to brood size. We test this assumption in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris (L., 1758)). Our findings revealed that nestling begging forms v ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjz-2014-0235

54. Behavior influences range limits and patterns of coexistence across an elevational gradient in tropical birds

Author:
Benjamin G. Freeman; Joseph A. Tobias; Dolph Schluter
Source:
Ecography 2019 v.42 no.11 pp. 1832-1840
ISSN:
0906-7590
Subject:
aggression; beak; interspecific competition; territoriality; tropical birds; Peru
Abstract:
... Does competition influence patterns of coexistence between closely related taxa? Here we address this question by analyzing patterns of range overlap between related species of birds (‘sister pairs’) co‐occurring on a tropical elevational gradient. We explicitly contrast the behavioral dimension of interspecific competition (interference competition) with similarity in resource acquisition traits ...
DOI:
10.1111/ecog.04606

55. Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks

Author:
Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Fox, A.; Waddington, D.
Source:
British poultry science 1997 v.38 no.5 pp. 453-463
ISSN:
0007-1668
Subject:
beak; animal behavior; body weight; feed conversion; histology; animal anatomy; age; liveweight gain; feed intake; length; feathers; chicks; beak trimming
DOI:
10.1080/00071669708418022
PubMed:
9510987

56. Benefits to the germination of seeds provided by birds that mandibulate fleshy fruits

Author:
Román A. Ruggera; Tobias N. Rojas; M. Daniela Gomez; M. Gabriela Salas; Pedro G. Blendinger
Source:
Acta oecologica 2021 v.111 pp. 103746
ISSN:
1146-609X
Subject:
Neotropics; beak; birds; digestive tract; frugivores; fruits; pulp; seed dispersal; seed germination
Abstract:
... The effect of fruit removal and passage through the digestive tract of frugivorous birds on seed germination has been mostly studied in species that swallow the whole fruit without mandibulating (“gulpers”), and defecate or regurgitate seeds without pulp away from the maternal plant. Functional groups with other fruit-handling methods, while often quantitatively important in removing fruits, are p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actao.2021.103746

57. Bioindicative potential of shell abnormalities occurring in the clam Macoma balthica (L.) from the Baltic Sea

Author:
Katarzyna Smolarz; Katarzyna Bradtke
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2011 v.62 no.7 pp. 1421-1426
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
beak; biomarkers; clams; cost effectiveness; deformation; environmental health; environmental indicators; exoskeleton; ligaments; males; population; sex ratio; spatial variation; water pollution; Baltic Sea; Sweden
Abstract:
... This study reports the occurrence of shell deformities in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from the Northern Baltic Sea (Trösa Archipelago, Sweden). The functional significance and the bioindicative potential of observed exoskeleton’ anomalies was assessed using a suite of physiological and morphological biomarkers. Analyzed shell deformations (SD) included damages of the dorsal margin visible as s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.031

58. Bioinspired Plate-Based Fog Collectors

Author:
Heng Xin; Luo Cheng
Source:
ACS applied materials 2014 v.6 no.18 pp. 16257-16266
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
Coleoptera; beak; collectors; fog (meteorology); glass; grasses; silica; water harvesting; wire
Abstract:
... In a recent work, we explored the feeding mechanism of a shorebird to transport liquid drops by repeatedly opening and closing its beak. In this work, we apply the corresponding results to develop a new artificial fog collector. The collector includes two nonparallel plates. It has three advantages in comparison with existing artificial collectors: (i) easy fabrication, (ii) simple design to scale ...
DOI:
10.1021/am504457f

59. Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak

Author:
Fox Justin D.; Capadona Jeffrey R.; Marasco Paul D.; Rowan Stuart J.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013 v.135 no.13 pp. 5167-5174
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
beak; cellulose; crosslinking; exposure duration; nanocomposites; nanocrystals; squid
Abstract:
... Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as ...
DOI:
10.1021/ja4002713

60. Birds at the Winter Feeder do not Recognize an Artificially Coloured Predator

Author:
Petr Veselý; Markéta Buršíková; Roman Fuchs
Source:
Ethology 2016 v.122 no.12 pp. 937-944
ISSN:
0179-1613
Subject:
Accipiter; Columba livia; Cyanistes caeruleus; Parus major; animal behavior; beak; body size; claws; color; eyes; legs; pigeons; predators; prey species; winter
Abstract:
... It is supposed that coloration may affect the recognition of predators by prey species; nevertheless, the significance of the coloration and its particular components in the recognition process remains unknown. We presented dummies of the European sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) with changed body coloration, but with all other typical features preserved (body size and shape, beak, eyes, legs), to gr ...
DOI:
10.1111/eth.12565

61. Black beak tip coloration as a signal of phenotypic quality in a migratory seabird

Author:
Møller, A. P.; Flensted-Jensen, E.; Mardal, W.
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2007 v.61 no.10 pp. 1561-1571
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
North Atlantic Oscillation; Sterna; adults; beak; breeding; breeding season; breeding sites; clutch size; coastal water; color; environmental factors; fertilizer rates; melanin; migratory behavior; prediction; seabirds; wintering grounds; Antarctic region; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Many different seabirds including terns have black color at the tip of their beak, but a yellow, orange, or red color of the rest of the beak. The tip of the beak of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea is black, while the rest of the beak is deep red during the breeding season. We hypothesized that the black coloration of the tip of the beak is a reliable signal of phenotypic quality maintained by the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-007-0388-0

62. Black cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758) as a vector of fungi and parasites occurring in the gastrointestinal tract

Author:
Anna Biedunkiewicz; Janina Dziekońska-Rynko; Jerzy Rokicki
Source:
Biologia 2012 v.67 no.2 pp. 417-424
ISSN:
1336-9563
Subject:
Candida krusei; Contracaecum; Debaryomyces hansenii; Phalacrocorax carbo; Platyhelminthes; beak; birds; cloaca; digesta; duodenum; esterases; fungi; ileum; jejunum; stomach; tapeworms
Abstract:
... The study reported in this manuscript is a part of extended investigations on transmission of fungi potentially pathogenic to man as well as parasitic flatworms and nematodes by wild fowl. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of fungi and parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cormorants. Mycological and parasitological analyses were carried out on swabs taken from ontoceno ...
DOI:
10.2478/s11756-012-0012-2

63. Blood Serum Chemistry of Wild Alaskan Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with Avian Keratin Disorder

Author:
Van Hemert Caroline; Handel Colleen M.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.4 pp. 927-930
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Poecile atricapillus; aspartate transaminase; beak; birds; blood chemistry; blood serum; creatine kinase; fasting; keratin; lactate dehydrogenase; malnutrition; normal values; uric acid; Alaska
Abstract:
... We measured serum chemistries in wild Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) from Alaska to test for potential differences associated with beak deformities characteristic of avian keratin disorder. Lower uric acid in affected birds was the only difference detected between groups, although sample sizes were small. This difference could be associated with fasting or malnutrition in birds wit ...
DOI:
10.7589/2016-02-034

64. Body condition and colonization by fungi of House Sparrows Passer domesticus in the urban and rural environment

Author:
B. Dulisz; M. Dynowska; J. J. Nowakowski
Source:
The European zoological journal 2021 v.88 no.1 pp. 152-164
ISSN:
2475-0263
Subject:
Candida krusei; Passer domesticus; adults; beak; body condition; body weight; fungi; hemoglobin; juveniles; mycoses; rural areas; tail; urban population
Abstract:
... Mycoses of wild birds are rarely addressed in scientific research. We tested the hypothesis that urban populations of House Sparrow Passer domesticus, which in many cities showed downward trends in their number and are characterized by lower body mass and poorer body condition, would be more frequently colonized by fungi. To evaluate the degree of bird colonization by fungi, swabs were taken from ...
DOI:
10.1080/24750263.2020.1857447

65. The Breeding and Feeding Characteristics of Darwin's Finches on Isla Genovesa, Galapagos

Author:
P. R. Grant; B. R. Grant
Source:
Ecological monographs 1980 v.50 no.3 pp. 381-410
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Araneae; Asio; Bursera; Geospiza scandens; Opuntia; arthropods; beak; body size; breeding; breeding season; cacti and succulents; diet; eggs; fledglings; food availability; food production; fruits; nesting; nestlings; nests; oviposition; parents; predation; rain; reproductive success; reproductive traits; seasonal variation; seeds
Abstract:
... The breeding and feeding of four species of finches were studied on Isla Genovesa, Galapagos from January to May 1978. Food supply and finch diets were studied in the nonbreeding season (November) as well. The species in order of decreasing body size were Geospiza magnirostris, G. conirostris, G. difficilis, and Certhidea olivacea. Initiation of breeding was not a simple function of body size; the ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937257

66. Breeding biology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) on Woody Island, Western Australia

Author:
C. D. L. Powell; R. D. Wooller; J. S. Bradley
Source:
Emu 2007 v.107 no.4 pp. 275-283
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
Puffinus; adults; beak; breeding; burrows; coasts; eggs; fecundity; fledglings; growth models; hatching; juveniles; longline fisheries; mortality; reproductive success; seabirds; soil; tarsus (bone); New Zealand; Western Australia
Abstract:
... The Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) is a pelagic seabird that breeds predominantly around southern Australia and New Zealand. Its breeding biology is poorly known, particularly in Western Australia where the species is known to have suffered mortality during long-line fishing operations. We studied the breeding biology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater on Woody Island, off the southern c ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU07005

67. Breeding on the leading edge of a northward range expansion: differences in morphology and the stress response in the arctic Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow

Author:
Jesse S. Krause; Helen E. Chmura; Jonathan H. Pérez; Lisa N. Quach; Ashley Asmus; Karen R. Word; Michaela A. McGuigan; Shannan K. Sweet; Simone L. Meddle; Laura Gough; Natalie Boelman; John C. Wingfield
Source:
Oecologia 2016 v.180 no.1 pp. 33-44
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
arthropods; beak; biomass; birds; body condition; body size; breeding; females; glucocorticoids; males; molting; morphometry; muscles; phenotype; stress response; temperature
Abstract:
... Individuals at the forefront of a range shift are likely to exhibit phenotypic traits that distinguish them from the population breeding within the historic range. Recent studies have examined morphological, physiological and behavioral phenotypes of individuals at the edge of their range. Several studies have found differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in response ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-015-3447-7
PubMed:
26423267
PubMed Central:
PMC4698297

68. Broiler stress responses to light intensity, flooring type, and leg weakness as assessed by heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, serum corticosterone, infrared thermography, and latency to lie

Author:
Shawna L. Weimer; Robert F. Wideman; Colin G. Scanes; Andy Mauromoustakos; Karen D. Christensen; Yvonne Vizzier-Thaxton
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.7 pp. 3301-3311
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; blood sampling; blood serum; broiler chickens; chicks; corticosterone; eyes; floors; leg weakness; light intensity; males; poultry production; stress response; surface temperature; thermography
Abstract:
... Stress and leg weakness are detrimental to broiler production, health, and welfare. Traditional methods to evaluate stress may be stressful to the bird because they are invasive and require handling and restraint. Two studies examined the effects of light intensity and flooring on the following in broilers: 1) traditional methods for assessing stress using heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and serum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.028
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.028

69. Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak

Author:
Ségolène Riamon; Martin Pickford; Brigitte Senut; Antoine Louchart
Source:
Ibis 2021 v.163 no.2 pp. 715-721
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Bucerotidae; Bucorvidae; Miocene epoch; beak; fossils; phylogeny; Uganda
Abstract:
... Hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae) are among the most recognizable groups of birds. Their large, curved beak topped by a casque is their most obvious feature. Here, we describe the earliest fossil of a hornbill, and more precisely a Bucerotidae, from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. This fossil is a proximal part of a maxilla that can be tentatively assigned to the genus Tockus and which at ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12907

70. Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert

Author:
Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Martina Carrete; Daniel Chamorro; Carolina Bravo; Fernando Hiraldo; José L. Tella
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Prosopis alba; Prosopis nigra; Prosopis pallida; beak; ecosystems; endozoochory; feces; flight; flocks; genetic structure; keystone species; livestock; parrots; predation; pulp; satiety; viability; Argentina
Abstract:
... Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus and two ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13050204

71. Can Non-Beak Treated Hens be Kept in Commercial Furnished Cages? Exploring the Effects of Strain and Extra Environmental Enrichment on Behaviour, Feather Cover, and Mortality

Author:
Krysta L. H. Morrissey; Sarah Brocklehurst; Laurence Baker; Tina M. Widowski; Victoria Sandilands
Source:
Animals 2016 v.6 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; cages; environmental enrichment; farm management; laying hens; models; mortality; pecking; ropes
Abstract:
... Commercial laying hens are prone to injurious pecking (IP), a common multifactorial problem. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design assessed the effects of breed (Lohmann Brown Classic (L) or Hyline Brown (H)), beak treatment (infra-red treated (T) or not (NT)), and environment (extra enrichment (EE) or no extra enrichment (NE)) on mortality, behaviour, feather cover, and beak shape. Hens were allocated to ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani6030017
PubMed:
26927190
PubMed Central:
PMC4810045

72. Canary Pox in Sparrows and Canaries (Fringillidae) and in Weavers (Ploceidae); Pathology and Host Specificity of the Virus

Author:
W. E. Giddens; L. J. Swango; J. D. Henderson; R. A. Lewis; D. S. Farner; A. Carlos; W. C. Dolowy
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.8 no.3 pp. 260-280
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Fringillidae; Passer domesticus; Ploceidae; Zonotrichia atricapilla; animal pathology; beak; cages; canaries; chickens; cytoplasmic inclusions; dermatitis; epithelial cells; eyes; host specificity; mortality; peritonitis; pigeons; pleurisy; pneumonia; rhinitis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); turkeys; viruses
Abstract:
... An epornitie of canary pox occurred in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli), golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus), which had been caught in the wild and were being studied in laboratories. Of 900 exposed birds, 100 died naturally with the disease and 200 with clinical signs, and their 600 cage mates were killed. The earliest ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098587100800308

73. Captive husbandry and veterinary care of northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) during the CV Rena oil-spill response

Author:
B. D. Gartrell; R. Collen; J. E. Dowding; H. Gummer; S. Hunter; E. J. King; L. Laurenson; C. D. Lilley; K. J. Morgan; H. M. McConnell; K. Simpson; J. M. Ward
Source:
Wildlife research 2013 v.40 no.7 pp. 624-632
ISSN:
1035-3712
Subject:
Charadrius; artificial diets; aspergillosis; aviaries; beaches; beak; birds; captive animals; feathers; heart; legs; oil spills; oxen; risk; survival rate; washing; wildlife; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Context Oil spills cause significant detrimental impacts on many shoreline species. There is limited information in the scientific literature about the management and response of shorebirds to oil spills. Northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) were pre-emptively captured as part of the oiled wildlife response to the container vessel Rena oil spill, to ensure the survival o ...
DOI:
10.1071/WR13120

74. Carex socotrana, a New Endemic Species from Socotra Island

Author:
Radomír Řepka; Petr Maděra; Martin Cˇermák; Alan Forrest
Source:
Novon 2017 v.25 no.4 pp. 467-472
ISSN:
1055-3177
Subject:
Carex; awns; beak; biological nomenclature; indigenous species; leaves; mountains; plant taxonomy; Yemen
Abstract:
... We describe Carex socotrana Rěpka & Maděra, a new endemic species found in the Hajhir Mountains on Socotra Island. It differs from the morphologically similar African continental species C. steudneri Boeckeler in having a shorter stem, smaller leaf length and width, completely smooth leaf blades and margins, and pistillate scales without a whitish membranous margin and with distinctive awns at the ...
DOI:
10.3417/D-16-00004

75. A Case of Unilateral Periorbital Cellulitis and Mandibular Osteomyelitis in a Turkey Flock

Author:
Corrand L.; Lucas M. N.; Douet J. Y.; Etienne C. L.; Albaric O.; Cadec A.; Guérin J. L.
Source:
Avian diseases 2012 v.56 no.2 pp. 427-431
ISSN:
1938-4351
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; beak; cellulitis; diet; farms; flocks; osteomyelitis; poultry diseases; sinusitis; skull; toxicity; turkeys
Abstract:
... A farm of meat turkeys was affected by a condition, clinically characterized by unilateral inflammation of the orbital region and progressive crossing of the beak, observed in three successive flocks in 2010. While no toxic, genetic, technical, or diet causes could be found, pathologic and bacteriologic analyses were conducted to investigate the case. Pathologic analyses of the heads of affected b ...
DOI:
10.1637/9910-083111-Case.1

76. Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Composite Inspired by Mussel Thread Coating and Squid Beak Interfacial Chemistry

Author:
Zvarec Ondrej; Purushotham Sreekanth; Masic Admir; Ramanujan Raju V.; Miserez Ali
Source:
Langmuir 2013 v.29 no.34 pp. 10899-10906
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
beak; biocompatible materials; biocomposites; catechol; chitosan; coatings; ferric oxide; moieties; mussels; nanoparticles; pH; squid; synthetic products; temperature
Abstract:
... Biological materials offer a wide range of multifunctional and structural properties that are currently not achieved in synthetic materials. Herein we report on the synthesis and preparation of bioinspired organic/inorganic composites that mimic the key physicochemical features associated with the mechanical strengthening of both squid beaks and mussel thread coatings using chitosan as an initial ...
DOI:
10.1021/la401858s

77. Cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of keratinocytes in the developing beak and egg-tooth of the turtle Emydura macquarii

Author:
Lorenzo Alibardi
Source:
Protoplasma 2020 v.257 no.5 pp. 1433-1445
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Emydura; adhesion; antibodies; beak; beta catenin; cell proliferation; developmental stages; egg tooth; epithelium; keratinization; keratinocytes; turtles
Abstract:
... The development of the beak in turtles is poorly known. Beak development has been analyzed by immunofluorescent methods for studying cell proliferation and localization of specific proteins. The flat two-layered epidermis covering the turtle embryo at mid stage of development becomes columnar in the oral region and is associated with an increase of mesenchymal density as in placodes. Using 5BrdU, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-020-01518-9

78. Centromeres organize (epi)genome architecture

Author:
Paul Talbert; Steven Henikoff
Source:
Cell 2022 v.185 no.17 pp. 3083-3085
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
Rhynchospora; beak; centromeres; epigenome; evolution; genomics; karyotyping; loci; microtubules; mitosis
Abstract:
... In some plants and animals, microtubules attach across the length of the chromosome in mitosis, forming a holocentromere instead of a single centromeric locus. A new study in Cell shows that in the holocentric beak sedge Rhynchospora, holocentromeres also impact genomic architecture, epigenome organization, and karyotype evolution. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.022

79. Cephalopod beak sections used to trace mercury levels throughout the life of cephalopods: The giant warty squid Moroteuthopsis longimana as a case study

Author:
José P. Queirós; Paco Bustamante; Yves Cherel; João P. Coelho; José Seco; Jim Roberts; Eduarda Pereira; José C. Xavier
Source:
Marine environmental research 2020 v.161 pp. 105049
ISSN:
0141-1136
Subject:
Cephalopoda; adults; beak; bioaccumulation; case studies; diet; juveniles; mercury; research; squid
Abstract:
... Cephalopods represent an important pathway for mercury transfer through food webs. Due to the general difficulties in capturing oceanic squid, beaks found in the diet of top predators can be used to study their life-cycles and ecological role. Using upper beaks of the giant warty squid Moroteuthopsis longimana (major prey in the Southern Ocean), we describe a method to assess mercury concentration ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105049

80. Ceropegia longirostris sp. nov. (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae) from Ethiopia and Kenya

Author:
Mats Thulin; Michael G. Gilbert; Hassan Y. Kaariye
Source:
Nordic journal of botany 2021 v.39 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
0107-055X
Subject:
Ceropegia; beak; corolla; gypsum; lakes; new species; Ethiopia; Kenya
Abstract:
... The new species Ceropegia longirostris Thulin, M.G.Gilbert & Kaariye is described, illustrated and mapped. It is known from two localities, one on gypsum in the Somali National Regional State (Ogaden) in southeastern Ethiopia and one, based on a photographic record, from just east of Lake Turkana in northwestern Kenya. The new species is a member of C. sect. Phalaena H.Huber, and is distinctive by ...
DOI:
10.1111/njb.03416

81. Characteristics and implications of spongivory in the Knifejaw Oplegnathus woodwardi (Waite) in temperate mesophotic waters

Author:
D. Maschette; J. Fromont; M.E. Platell; P.G. Coulson; J.R. Tweedley; I.C. Potter
Source:
Journal of sea research 2020 v.157 pp. 101847
ISSN:
1385-1101
Subject:
Cephalopoda; Decapoda; Echinodermata; Oplegnathus; beak; benthic organisms; chemical defenses; coasts; crabs; crushing; diet; fauna; feeds; fish; foraging; habitats; intestines; jaws; secondary metabolites; stomach; teeth; Western Australia
Abstract:
... This study has determined the diet of the demersal Knifejaw Oplegnathus woodwardi in depths of 50–200 m off the southern coast of Western Australia, where the benthic invertebrate epifauna is overwhelmingly dominated by sponges. The many fused teeth that form the parrot-like beak of O. woodwardi are used in conjunction with strong muscular plate-like jaws to shear/chop off pieces of sponge and cru ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.seares.2020.101847

82. Characteristics of the Seed Germination and Seedlings of Six Grape Varieties (V. vinifera)

Author:
Zhi-Lei Wang; Miao Hui; Xue-Qing Shi; Dong Wu; Ying Wang; Xing Han; Xiao Cao; Fei Yao; Hua Li; Hua Wang
Source:
Plants 2022 v.11 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
acetic acid; beak; beans; drought tolerance; germplasm; grapes; intraspecific hybridization; recurrent selection; seed germination; seedlings
Abstract:
... Intraspecific recurrent selection in V. vinifera is an effective method for breeding of high quality, disease-, cold-, and drought-resistance grapes. Exploring the optimal treatment methods for grape (V. vinifera) seeds can help to accelerate the process of intraspecific recurrent selection and improve breeding efficiency. In this study, seeds of six V. vinifera varieties were used as experimental ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants11040479

83. Characterization and evaluation of some superior lesser-known cultivars of mango

Author:
Kundu, S.; Sanyal, N.; Mazumdar, D.; Datta, P.; Ghosh, B.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2013 no.975 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acidity; ascorbic acid; beak; clones; cluster analysis; color; cultivars; flowers; leaves; mangoes; orchards; principal component analysis; pulp; surveys; total soluble solids; India
Abstract:
... A number of lesser-known cultivars of mango exist in India but remain confined only to the orchards of a few individuals and, as a result, these lack popularity. An extensive survey to identify and collect superior lesser-known cultivars was initiated in 1996 in the commercial mango growing areas of Malda, West Bengal. Twenty four lesser-known cultivars have been identified as being superior clone ...

84. Characterization by main morphological traits of grape berry and seeds from an archaeological excavation in Sardinia

Author:
Campus, D.; Farci, M.; Bandino, G.; Lovicu, G.; Campus, F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1032 pp. 91-98
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Vitis; beak; grapes; morphometry; seeds; trade; Sardinia
Abstract:
... The Nuragic civilization has developed in Sardinia since the second millennium BC. Ancient Sardinians were an important part of the network of trade and cultural exchanges with other civilizations in the Mediterranean. The presence of remains of Vitis sp. coming from Nuragic sites is documented in several excavations carried out in the island. In one of these excavations, in the central area of Sa ...

85. Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Author:
Houssam Shaib; Elie Barbour
Source:
Journal of applied animal research 2018 v.46 no.1 pp. 932-937
ISSN:
0974-1844
Subject:
Canarypox virus; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Serinus canaria; beak; biosecurity; breeding; canaries; death; esophagus; eyelids; farms; feet; genes; heterophils; histopathology; hyperplasia; liver; lungs; mixed infection; pathogens; pets; polymerase chain reaction; Lebanon
Abstract:
... A canarypox outbreak resulted in the death of about 50% of canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in several breeding farms in Lebanon. Infected birds showed thickened eye lid and skin scab-like lesions at the beak, foot and caudal regions and died 5–6 days post disease symptoms onset. Out of seven sick birds that were autopsied for gross pathology evaluation, one bird demonstrated turbid airsacs w ...
DOI:
10.1080/09712119.2018.1434079

86. Characterization of the nuclear localization sequence of beak and feather disease virus capsid proteins and their assembly into virus-like particles

Author:
Jui-Kai Chen; Chiaolong Hsiao; An-Ru Lo; Chi-Young Wang
Source:
Virus research 2020 v.289 pp. 198144
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; agglutinins; amino acids; beak; capsid; circular DNA; epitopes; fluorescent antibody technique; immunosuppression; importins; mutants; nuclear localization signals; pathogens; peptides; physiological transport; research; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; wheat germ
Abstract:
... Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a single-stranded circular DNA icosahedral virus that belongs to the Circoviridae family. This virus is the causative pathogen of beak and feather disease, which leads to feather loss, malformed claws, and immunosuppression of psittacine birds. Our study produced BFDV virus-like particles (VLPs) including capsid proteins, mutant Cap proteins (Cap ΔNLS₅₄, Ca ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198144

87. Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy)

Author:
Luca Giupponi; Valeria Leoni; Federico Colombo; Elena Cassani; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Roberto Pilu
Source:
Genetic resources and crop evolution 2021 v.68 no.5 pp. 2075-2091
ISSN:
0925-9864
Subject:
Zea mays; agrobiodiversity; beak; corn; evolution; grain yield; landraces; morphometry; phosphorus; probability; starch; water stress; zinc; Italy
Abstract:
... The loss of agrobiodiversity is a topic of global impact. On a local scale, Lombardy, in the Alpine macro-Region, has lost more than 78% of its plant agrobiodiversity. Only four maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) landraces of Lombardy are registered in the European Register of Conservation Varieties. However, there are other maize landraces in Lombardy such as “Mais delle Fiorine”, which was characte ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10722-021-01118-3

88. Characterizing two novel goose parvoviruses with different origins

Author:
Jie Zhu; Yi Yang; Xiaohui Zhang; Bixia Chen; Guanxing Liu; Endong Bao
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. 2952-2962
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Cairina moschata; Muscovy; amino acids; beak; cytopathogenicity; ducks; fibroblasts; geese; genome; genomics; growth and development; lethal dose; mortality; nucleotides; phylogeny; viral load; China
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of short beak dwarf syndrome caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) have been prevalent in China since 2015, resulting in a high mortality rate of ducks. Herein we evaluated differences between two NGPV strains: Muscovy duck‐origin (AH190917‐RP: MD17) and Cherry Valley duck‐origin (JS191021‐RP: CVD21) NGPV. Both of them showed certain level of pathogenicity to primary duck embryo fibrob ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14453

89. Chicken Corneocyte Cross-Linked Proteome

Author:
Rice Robert H.; Winters Brett R.; Durbin-Johnson Blythe P.; Rocke David M.
Source:
Journal of Proteome Research 2013 v.12 no.2 pp. 771-776
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
beak; chickens; claws; crosslinking; epithelium; heat stress; histones; protein composition; protein synthesis; proteome; proteomics; sodium dodecyl sulfate; solubilization
Abstract:
... Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed of epidermal scale, feather, beak and claw from the domestic chicken. To this end, the samples were separated first into solubilized and particulate fractions, the latter enriched in isopeptide cross-linking, by exhaustive extraction in sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions. Among the 205 proteins identified were 17 keratins (types α and β), 51 i ...
DOI:
10.1021/pr301036k
PubMed:
23256538
PubMed Central:
PMC3569041

90. Chronic intracarotid cannulation of pigeons for administration of behaviorally active peptides

Author:
D. J. Wendt; H. J. Normile; Elizabeth J. Dawe; T. Trompeter; R. A. Barraco
Source:
Laboratory animals 1982 v.16 no.4 pp. 335-338
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
beak; carotid arteries; catheters; heparin; laboratory animals; peptides; pigeons; polyethylene; sodium chloride; surgery
Abstract:
... Chronic intracarotid cannulation of the common carotid artery was performed in the pigeon. The catheter system of polyethylene tubing consisted of an indwelling component and an injection component. The indwelling component was exteriorized at the occiput so the bird could not reach the catheter with its beak. Following surgery, the pigeons were housed individually and received food and water ad l ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367782780935841

91. Clinical and pathomorphological diagnostics of mycotoxicosis in parent poultry flock caused by T-2 trychotecene

Author:
Miloš C. Kapetanov; Dubravka V. Potkonjak; Igor M. Stojanov; Milica M. Živkov-Baloš; Sandra M. Jakšić
Source:
Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke 2013 v.2013 no.124 pp. 137-143
ISSN:
0352-4906
Subject:
Fusarium; beak; blood; clinical examination; diet; farms; feed intake; flocks; gizzard; liver; mortality; mouth; muscle tissues; mycotoxicosis; mycotoxins; neck; necrosis
Abstract:
... The most relevant mycotoxin from the trychotecene group, T-2, causes prominent citotoxic effects. The toxin is a secondary product of fungi from the genus Fusarium that contaminates feed. Oraly intaken, T-2 is absorbed fast in the upper digestive system and within only 3 to 4 hours later reaches liver, kidneys and muscle tissue. Clinical and pathological changes are sometimes not obvious. The case ...
DOI:
10.2298/ZMSPN1324137K

92. Closed Reduction of a Rostroparasphenopalatal Luxation in a Red-crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae)

Author:
Julie A. Hébert
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2019 v.33 no.3 pp. 285-288
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae; beak; parakeets; radiography
Abstract:
... A 1-year-old red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) was presented with an acute onset of hyperprotraction of the upper beak and an inability to return the beak to its normal position. With the abnormal beak position, the bird was unable to eat. Standard radiographic images of the head supported a diagnosis of a rostroparasphenopalatal luxation. The luxation was reduced with a 23-gauge ...
DOI:
10.1647/1082-6742-33.3.285

93. Closely related bird species demonstrate flexibility between beak morphology and underlying developmental programs

Author:
Ricardo Mallarino; Otger Campàs; Joerg A. Fritz; Kevin J. Burns; Olivia G. Weeks; Michael P. Brenner; Arhat Abzhanov
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.40 pp. 16222-16227
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Fringillidae; beak; birds; bones; cartilage; morphogenesis; signal transduction; Caribbean
Abstract:
... The astonishing variation in the shape and size of bird beaks reflects a wide range of dietary specializations that played an important role in avian diversification. Among Darwin’s finches, ground finches (Geospiza spp.) have beaks that represent scaling variations of the same shape, which are generated by alterations in the signaling pathways that regulate growth of the two skeletal components o ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1206205109
PubMed:
22988109
PubMed Central:
PMC3479598

94. Clymene dolphins (Stenella clymene) in the eastern tropical Atlantic: distribution, group size, and pigmentation pattern

Author:
Weir Caroline R.; Coles Phil; Ferguson Amy; May Duncan; Baines Mick; Figueirdo Inês; Reichelt Maren; Goncalves Luis; de Boer Marijke N.; Rose Barrie; Edwards Matt; Travers Sue; Ambler Mike; Félix Hugo; Wall Dave; Azhakesan Valeria A. A.; Betenbaugh Mike; Fennelly Lea; Haaland Sigbjørn; Hak Guus; Juul Terji; Leslie Rob W.; McNamara Brian; Russell Nichola; Smith Jaclyn A.; Tabisola Heather M.; Teixeira Alexandra; Vermeulen Els; Vines Juliet; Williams Andy
Source:
Journal of mammalogy 2014 v.95 no.6 pp. 1289-1298
ISSN:
1545-1542
Subject:
beak; bycatch; dolphins; group size; habitats; pigmentation; Angola; Atlantic Ocean; Mauritania
Abstract:
... The Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene) is endemic to warm Atlantic Ocean waters and is one of the least known delphinids. We reviewed existing published data (primarily strandings, captures, and bycatch) and unpublished sightings to examine the distribution, habitat, group size, seasonality, and pigmentation patterns of Clymene dolphins within the eastern tropical Atlantic (ETA). Following photogr ...
DOI:
10.1644/14-MAMM-A-115

95. Cnemidocoptes infestation in a Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) bird and its therapeutic management

Author:
P. Samal; A.R. Gupta; G.R. Jena; B.N. Mohanty; R.C. Patra; A.K. Nahak
Source:
Journal of veterinary parasitology 2014 v.28 no.2 pp. 159-161
ISSN:
0974-0813
Subject:
Knemidokoptes; appetite; bacterial infections; beak; body weight; budgerigars; ectoparasites; ivermectin; microscopy; mite infestations; pets; pruritus; remission; therapeutics; veterinary parasitology
Abstract:
... Mite infestation is one of the commonly encountered ectoparasitic infestations in pet and wild birds causing itching and discomfort and in several occasion associated with secondary bacterial infection. The present study describes the degree of mite infestation in a budgerigar bird (Melopsittacus undulatus) presented with clinical signs of pruritus, loss of feathers, scales and crust on eyes, leg ...

96. Co-infection with papillomavirus and Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Acari: Knemidokoptidae) in a chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and a case of beak papillomatosis in another chaffinch

Author:
I. Literak; B. Smid; F. Dusbabek; R. Halouzka; L. Novotny
Source:
Veterinární medicína v.50 no.6 pp. 276-280
ISSN:
0375-8427
Subject:
Fringilla coelebs; Knemidokoptes; beak; electron microscopy; histopathology; keratinocytes; mixed infection; papilloma; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Nodular papillomatous lesions combined with proliferation and formation of scales and crusts were observed on both tarsi of a dead chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) found in February 2004 in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of papillomavirus virions in the lesions. The parasitological examination of crust scraps revealed the presence of ...
DOI:
10.17221/5624-vetmed

97. Collyriclosis in Red-backed shrikes Lanius collurio from Israel and Czech Republic

Author:
V. Osoba; J. Sedláček; M. Hanzlíková; I. Literák
Source:
Helminthologia 2018 v.55 no.2 pp. 173-176
ISSN:
1336-9083
Subject:
Lanius collurio; Trematoda; adults; beak; females; juveniles; males; Czech Republic; Israel
Abstract:
... One juvenile Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) with a cutaneous cyst of Collyriclum faba under its beak was observed in Israel on 13 October 2016. Another Red-backed shrike (adult female) with multiple cutaneous cysts around the vent was observed in Průhonice, Czech Republic on 19 June 2017. A third Red-backed shrike (adult male) with three cutaneous cysts around the vent was observed in Mariáns ...
DOI:
10.2478/helm-2018-0009
PubMed:
31662644
PubMed Central:
PMC6799554

98. Color ornaments and territory position in king penguins

Author:
Ismaël Keddar; Pierre Jouventin; F. Stephen Dobson
Source:
Behavioural processes 2015 v.119 pp. 32-37
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
Aptenodytes patagonicus; beak; body condition; body size; breeding; chicks; color; feathers; females; males; mating behavior; oviposition; reproductive success; social dominance
Abstract:
... King penguins exhibit mutual color ornamentation of feathers and beak color. They breed in dense colonies and produce a single chick every 2 years. Thus, males and females must choose partners carefully to be reproductively successful, and auricular patches of males and UV coloration of beak spots have been shown to influence mate choice. Position in the breeding colony is also important to reprod ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2015.07.003

99. Colour also matters for nocturnal birds: owlet bill coloration advertises quality and influences parental feeding behaviour in little owls

Author:
J. M. Avilés; D. Parejo
Source:
Oecologia 2013 v.173 no.2 pp. 399-408
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Strigiformes; beak; birds; carotenoids; color; feeding behavior; parents; progeny
Abstract:
... Chromatic signals of offspring quality have been shown to play a role in parent–offspring communication in diurnal birds, but are assumed to be useless in dim light conditions because colour-based discrimination probably requires more light. A major ecological and evolutionary conundrum in this scenario is why the nestlings of some nocturnal owls display colourful beaks. Here, we test the hypothes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-013-2625-8
PubMed:
23443357

100. Comparative Ecology of Galapagos Ground Finches (Geospiza Gould): Evaluation of the Importance of Floristic Diversity and Interspecific Competition

Author:
Ian Abbott; L. K. Abbott; P. R. Grant
Source:
Ecological monographs 1977 v.47 no.2 pp. 151-184
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Geospiza scandens; beak; biomass; body size; diet; fauna; food availability; foods; foraging; fruits; hardness; insects; interspecific competition; islands; regression analysis; seeds; species diversity; sympatry; vegetation; Galapagos Islands
Abstract:
... Distribution, abundance, diet, and beak morphology of the six Geospiza finch species were studied at eight sites on seven Galapagos islands. The resulting information was used to test the theories of Lack and Bowman that interspecific competition (Lack) and floristic and food differences among islands (Bowman) determine the ecological and morphological characteristics of the finches. Both factors ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942615