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1. A balance of winners and losers in the Anthropocene

Author:
Dornelas, Maria; Gotelli, Nicholas J.; Shimadzu, Hideyasu; Moyes, Faye; Magurran, Anne E.; McGill, Brian J.
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.5 pp. 847-854
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Anthropocene epoch; biodiversity; extinction; monitoring; population dynamics; surveys
Abstract:
... Scientists disagree about the nature of biodiversity change. While there is evidence for widespread declines from population surveys, assemblage surveys reveal a mix of declines and increases. These conflicting conclusions may be caused by the use of different metrics: assemblage metrics may average out drastic changes in individual populations. Alternatively, differences may arise from data sourc ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13242

2. Abandoned forest ecosystem: Implications for Japan's Oak Wilt disease

Author:
Imamura, Kohei; Managi, Shunsuke; Saito, Shoichi; Nakashizuka, Tohru
Source:
Journal of forest economics 2017 v.29 pp. 56-61
ISSN:
1104-6899
Subject:
biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; climate change; coppicing; ecosystem services; forest ecosystems; forests; people; soil; tree diseases; vascular wilt; Japan
Abstract:
... This study determined values for the ecosystem services of abandoned coppice forests that are threatened by a forest disease known as Japanese Oak Wilt. We applied a discrete choice experiment to value these ecosystem services. The results indicated that ecosystem services were highly valued in the order of biodiversity conservation, water and soil regulation, timber provision, and climate change ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jfe.2017.08.005

3. Abandoned metalliferous mines: ecological impacts and potential approaches for reclamation

Author:
Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala; Nirola, Ramkrishna; Kuppusamy, Saranya; Thavamani, Palanisami; Naidu, Ravi; Megharaj, Mallavarapu
Source:
Re/views in environmental science and bio/technology 2016 v.15 no.2 pp. 327-354
ISSN:
1569-1705
Subject:
biodiversity; business enterprises; economic development; environmental impact; indigenous species; issues and policy; land restoration; metals; mining; monitoring; nanotechnology; phytoremediation; planning; pollution; soil quality; towns; transgenic plants
Abstract:
... The lack of awareness for timely management of the environment surrounding a metal mine site results in several adverse consequences such as rampant business losses, abandoning the bread-earning mining industry, domestic instability and rise in ghost towns, increased environmental pollution, and indirect long-term impacts on the ecosystem. Although several abandoned mine lands (AMLs) exist globall ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11157-016-9398-6

4. Abandoning Risky Agriculture and Leveraging Natural Capital: A County-Level Method for Identifying Conservation Opportunity

Author:
Luken, James O.
Source:
Natural areas journal 2020 v.40 no.1 pp. 45-50
ISSN:
0885-8608
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; coastal plains; coasts; crop insurance; crops; farmers; farming systems; forests; humans; income; land use; natural capital; subsidies; North Carolina; Scotland; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Marginal land now devoted to growing harvested crops may be better suited to other land uses such as biodiversity enhancement and carbon sequestration. However, farmers are not encouraged to explore the development of these opportunities due largely to subsidized federal crop insurance (FCI). This study examined FCI outcomes from 2013 to 2017 in 69 Coastal Plain counties of North Carolina and Sout ...
DOI:
10.3375/043.040.0106

5. Abandonment, Ecological Assembly and Public Health Risks in Counter-Urbanizing Cities

Author:
Gulachenski, Alexandra; Ghersi, Bruno M.; Lesen, Amy E.; Blum, Michael J.
Source:
Sustainability 2016 v.8 no.5
ISSN:
2071-1050
Subject:
biodiversity; cities; disease transmission; ecosystem services; infrastructure; issues and policy; landscapes; pathogens; pests; public health; risk; sanitation; urban areas; urbanization; vector-borne diseases
Abstract:
... Urban landscapes can be transformed by widespread abandonment from population and economic decline. Ecological assembly, sometimes referred to as “greening”, following abandonment can yield valuable ecosystem services, but also can pose a risk to public health. Abandonment can elevate zoonotic vector-borne disease risk by favoring the hyperabundance of commensal pests and pathogen vectors. Though ...
DOI:
10.3390/su8050491

6. Abandonment of croplands: problem or chance for grassland restoration? case studies from hungary

Author:
Valkó, Orsolya; Deák, Balázs; Török, Péter; Kelemen, András; Miglécz, Tamás; Tóth, Katalin; Tóthmérész, Béla
Source:
Ecosystem health and sustainability 2016 v.2 no.2 pp. e01208
ISSN:
2332-8878
Subject:
European Union; animal husbandry; biodiversity; biomass production; case studies; cooperatives; cost effectiveness; cropland; ecosystem services; good agricultural practices; grassland restoration; invasive species; issues and policy; meadows; natural resources conservation; noxious weeds; pastures; public ownership; sowing; weed control; Eastern European region; Hungary
Abstract:
... In Central‐ and Eastern Europe, the collapse of socialist regimes resulted in a transformation of state‐owned agricultural cooperatives to privately owned lands from the early 1990s onwards. These socioeconomic processes resulted in landscape‐scale changes in biodiversity, ecosystem services and agricultural production. In parallel, large‐scale abandonment of croplands, especially on sandy, salty ...
DOI:
10.1002/ehs2.1208

7. Abandonment of traditional uses in mountain areas: typological thinking versus hard data in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

Author:
Blanco-Fontao, Beatriz; Quevedo, Mario; Obeso, José Ramón
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2011 v.20 no.5 pp. 1133-1140
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
biodiversity; birds; cattle; evolution; forest ecosystems; habitats; herding; homogenization; landscape management; montane forests; mountains; Spain
Abstract:
... Conservation policies of the European Nature 2,000 network reflect an overarching concern about alleged negative effects of abandonment of traditional uses. In particular, the abandonment of livestock herding is widely assumed to be responsible of biodiversity decreases through habitat homogenization. However, those negative effects of land abandonment on biodiversity are neither straightforward n ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-011-0016-1

8. Abatement of odorant compounds in one- and two-phase biotrickling filters under steady and transient conditions

Author:
Lebrero, Raquel; Rodríguez, Elisa; Pérez, Rebeca; García-Encina, Pedro A.; Muñoz, Raúl
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2013 v.97 no.10 pp. 4627-4638
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
alpha-pinene; biodiversity; biological treatment; community structure; emissions; filters; gases; hexane; mass transfer; microbial communities; microorganisms; odor compounds; oils; silicone; starvation; toluene; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... The removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) still remains the main restriction in the biological treatment of odorous emissions due to mass transfer limitations. The addition of a non-aqueous phase to conventional biotrickling filters (BTF) may overcome this limitation by enhancing VOCs transport from the gas to the microorganisms. This study compared the long-term and transient p ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-012-4247-1
PubMed:
22801710

9. A Bayesian Spatial Model Highlights Distinct Dynamics in Deforestation from Coca and Pastures in an Andean Biodiversity Hotspot

Author:
Chadid, Maria Alejandra; Dávalos, Liliana M.; Molina, Jorge; Armenteras, Dolors
Source:
Forests 2015 v.6 no.11 pp. 3828-3846
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Bayesian theory; altitude; biodiversity; computer software; crops; deforestation; land use; mining; models; monitoring; mountains; pastures; rivers; tropical forests; Andes region; Colombia
Abstract:
... The loss of tropical forests has continued in recent decades despite wide recognition of their importance to maintaining biodiversity. Here, we examine the conversion of forests to pastures and coca crops (illicit activity) on the San Lucas Mountain Range, Colombia for 2002–2007 and 2007–2010. Land use maps and biophysical variables were used as inputs to generate land use and cover change (LUCC) ...
DOI:
10.3390/f6113828

10. Abe Bailey nature reserve near Khutsong: medicinal plants, food gardens and a season of urban protest

Author:
Taylor, S.J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2013 no.1007 pp. 641-648
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
biodiversity; conservation areas; greenhouses; landscapes; medicinal plants; outreach; socioeconomic development; surveys; vegetable gardens; violence; youth; South Africa
Abstract:
... The protected areas of South Africa are strategically important in meeting global and national biodiversity conservation targets, as well as contributing to socio-economic development in local areas. Often this latter deliverable is difficult as the protected areas are small and the communities outside are large, as was the case with Abe Bailey nature reserve, situated in a peri-urban setting outs ...

11. A belowground perspective of temperate old-growth forests: Fine root system structure in beech primeval and production forests

Author:
Klingenberg, Esther; Leuschner, Christoph
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2018 v.425 pp. 68-74
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; biodiversity; biomass; canopy gaps; carbon sinks; fine roots; harvesting; mortality; necromass; old-growth forests; root systems; saplings; soil fertility; soil heterogeneity; wood
Abstract:
... Old-growth forests differ from managed forests by a generally higher biodiversity, larger carbon stores, and greater heterogeneity of aboveground structures. It is not known whether the aboveground structural diversity of old-growth forests is mirrored in root system structure, e.g. by greater root biomass, the occurrence of root gaps, and a different fine root morphology. We studied the fine root ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.035

12. A benthic classification system to aid in the implementation of marine protected area networks in the deep/high seas of the NE Atlantic

Author:
Howell, Kerry L.
Source:
Biological conservation 2010 v.143 no.5 pp. 1041-1056
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
benthic organisms; conservation areas; marine environment; classification; biodiversity; geomorphology; biogeography; Atlantic Ocean
Abstract:
... Internationally there is political momentum to establish networks of representative marine protected areas for the conservation of biodiversity. Mapping the distributions of all species, to ensure representation is achieved within a given network, is not possible. Thus surrogates are frequently used in mapping efforts as measures of biological diversity. For practical purposes these surrogates are ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.001

13. A benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index for Chilean Mediterranean streams

Author:
Fierro, Pablo; Arismendi, Ivan; Hughes, Robert M.; Valdovinos, Claudio; Jara-Flores, Alfonso
Source:
Ecological indicators 2018 v.91 pp. 13-23
ISSN:
1470-160X
Subject:
Diptera; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; body condition; ecoregions; environmental indicators; freshwater; human population; humans; macroinvertebrates; pollution; population growth; rivers; screening; spring; streams; summer; surface water; watersheds; winter
Abstract:
... Increased anthropogenic disturbances affecting streams worldwide have resulted in declines of freshwater biodiversity. Mediterranean ecoregions are very sensitive to such disturbances because of their high levels of natural hydrological variability and increasing trends in human population growth. The use of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages as bioindicators is a commonly applied approach for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.074

14. A Benthic Zonation System as a Fundamental Tool for Natural Capital Assessment in a Marine Environment: A Case Study in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy

Author:
Marcelli, Marco; Scanu, Sergio; Frattarelli, Francesco Manfredi; Mancini, Emanuele; Carli, Filippo Maria
Source:
Sustainability 2018 v.10 no.10
ISSN:
2071-1050
Subject:
European Union; Posidonia oceanica; biocenosis; biodiversity; case studies; coasts; ecosystem services; issues and policy; marine ecosystems; marine environment; meadows; monitoring; natural capital; planning; Italy; Tyrrhenian Sea
Abstract:
... Coastal marine areas are characterized by the highest values of ecosystem services and by multiple uses that are often in conflict with each other. Natural capital analysis is claimed to be a valid tool to support space planning. In the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) of the European Union (EU), the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC) Scientific and Policy Report 2014 defines ...
DOI:
10.3390/su10103786

15. A Bigger Toolbox: Biotechnology in Biodiversity Conservation

Author:
Corlett, Richard T
Source:
Trends in biotechnology 2016
ISSN:
0167-7799
Subject:
DNA; biodiversity; biotechnology; endangered species; genes; genetic markers; genomics; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Conservation biology needs a bigger toolbox to meet unprecedented challenges. Genomics, fueled by declining sequencing costs, offers novel tools with increased precision for genetic questions previously answered with a few molecular markers, as well as completely new possibilities. Metabarcoding promises quicker, cheaper, and more accurate assessments of biodiversity in groups that are difficult t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.009

16. A bio-cultural approach to the study of food choice: The contribution of taste genetics, population and culture

Author:
Risso, Davide S.; Giuliani, Cristina; Antinucci, Marco; Morini, Gabriella; Garagnani, Paolo; Tofanelli, Sergio; Luiselli, Donata
Source:
Appetite 2017 v.114 pp. 240-247
ISSN:
0195-6663
Subject:
bitterness; broccoli; Europeans; humans; licorice; phenotype; Parmesan cheese; genetic background; health status; receptors; stevioside; taste; food choices; genetic variation; biodiversity; volunteers; beers
Abstract:
... The study of food choice, one of the most complex human traits, requires an integrated approach that takes into account environmental, socio-cultural and biological diversity. We recruited 183 volunteers from four geo-linguistic groups and highly diversified in terms of both genetic background and food habits from whom we collected genotypes and phenotypes tightly linked to taste perception. We co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.046

17. A Biodiversity Hotspot Heats Up: Nine New Species of Suckermouth Catfishes (Mochokidae: Chiloglanis) from Upper Guinean Forest Streams in West Africa

Author:
Schmidt, Ray C.; Bart, Henry L.; Pezold, Frank; Friel, John P.
Source:
Copeia 2017 v.105 no.2 pp. 301-338
ISSN:
0045-8511
Subject:
Chiloglanis; biodiversity; catfish; forests; genetic variation; morphometry; new species; rivers; streams; watersheds; Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana; Senegal
Abstract:
... The widespread species, Chiloglanis occidentalis, is recorded in flowing waters from Senegal to Ghana. Recent studies of this species within the Upper Guinean Forests revealed genetic divergence among the populations sampled, suggesting the presence of several unconfirmed candidate species. A detailed study of these populations revealed morphological variation congruent with the molecular results. ...
DOI:
10.1643/CI-16-474

18. A biodiversity monitoring framework for practical conservation of grasslands and shrublands

Author:
de Bello, Francesco; Lavorel, Sandra; Gerhold, Pille; Reier, Ülle; Pärtel, Meelis
Source:
Biological conservation 2010 v.143 no.1 pp. 9-17
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
biodiversity; environmental monitoring; grasslands; shrublands; pastures; land management; Europe
Abstract:
... Comprehensive and standardized biodiversity monitoring schemes are needed to build scientifically sound decision-making tools for biodiversity conservation. Based on a thorough review of published literature, we propose a novel biodiversity monitoring framework to unify conservation theory and practice. The framework is built on the inter-connection among different types of indicators, and on the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.022

19. A bioeconomic analysis of the potential of Indonesian agroforests as carbon sinks

Author:
Wise, Russell M.; Cacho, Oscar J.
Source:
Environmental science & policy 2011 v.14 no.4 pp. 451-461
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
agroforestry; algorithms; biodiversity; bioeconomics; biomass; carbon; carbon sinks; deforestation; dynamic programming; economic sustainability; forests; issues and policy; models; soil; trees; wood; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Agroforests managed by smallholders have been shown to provide biodiversity, carbon-storage and rural-livelihood services. Consequently, these systems are being promoted as an effective way of rehabilitating millions of hectares of degraded, formerly forested land in many tropical countries. Current conditions at the forest margins in these countries, however, make it easier to clear unprotected f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2010.12.008

20. A biogeochemical analysis of the Pocono till barrens and adjacent hardwood forest underlain by Wisconsinan and Illinoian till in northeastern Pennsylvania

Author:
Wibiralske, A.W.; Latham, R.E.; Johnson, A.H.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 2004 v.34 no.9 pp. 1819-1832
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
glacial till soils; landscape ecology; fire ecology; soil properties; forest soils; stand composition; topography; soil fertility; ecosystems; shrublands; statistical analysis; biogeochemistry; biodiversity; soil nutrients; nutrient availability; hardwood forests; soil-plant interactions; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... We assessed soil and vegetation nutrient capital in the landscape mosaic of till barrens and hardwood forests on the Pocono Plateau in northeastern Pennsylvania. These shrublands, which contain an unusual abundance of rare species, occur primarily on Illinoian-aged glacial till, though some patches grow on Wisconsinan till. We hypothesized that barrens soil and vegetation contain smaller quantitie ...
DOI:
10.1139/x04-047