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1. Role of macrophyte Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel

Author:
Ciria, M.P.; Solano, M.L.; Soriano, P.
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2005 v.92 no.4 pp. 535-544
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
water pollution; effluents; Typha latifolia; ammonium nitrogen; solids; wastewater treatment; chemical analysis; suspensions; nitrates; biofuels; constructed wetlands; phosphorus; wastewater; biochemical oxygen demand; thermal analysis

2. Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor and Quantify Ethyl Esters in Soybean Oil Transesterification

Author:
Ghesti, G.F.; Macedo, J.L. de; Souza, A.T.C.P. de; Parente, V.C.I.; Figueredo, E.S.; Resck, I.S.; Dias, J.A.; Dias, S.C.L.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 2006 v.83 no.7 pp. 597-609
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
soybean oil; ethyl ether; transesterification; chemical analysis; quantitative analysis; Raman spectroscopy; biofuels; multivariate analysis
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-006-1244-5

3. Determining the Acid Number of Biodiesel

Author:
Mahajan, S.; Konar, S.K.; Boocock, D.G.B.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 2006 v.83 no.6 pp. 567-570
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
soybean oil; biofuels; fatty acids; chemical analysis
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-006-1241-8

4. Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials: Evaluation of methods used for sugar analysis of waste paper and straw

Author:
Foyle, T.; Jennings, L.; Mulcahy, P.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2007 v.98 no.16 pp. 3026-3036
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
chemical composition; hemicellulose; lignocellulose; sugars; sulfuric acid; chemical analysis; wheat straw; waste paper; cellulose; biofuels; ethanol
Abstract:
... To determine the overall efficiency of processes designed to convert lignocellulosic polysaccharides to ethanol, it is first necessary to determine the composition of the lignocellulosic substrates. Three standard methods routinely referenced in the literature for this purpose are monoethanolamine, trifluoroacetic acid and concentrated sulphuric acid-based methods. However, in the course of our st ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.013
PubMed:
17142038

5. Hybrid hazelnut oil characteristics and its potential oleochemical application

Author:
Xu, Y.X.; Hanna, M.A.; Josiah, S.J.
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2007 v.26 no.1 pp. 69-76
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
thermal stability; linoleic acid; hybrids; fatty acid composition; hazelnuts; iodine value; viscosity; new products; oxidative stability; biofuels; Corylus; hazelnut oil; oleic acid; Nebraska
Abstract:
... The demand for vegetable oils as alternatives to petroleum is growing. Vegetable oils offer performance advantages and are environmentally friendly. Soybean oil is one of the promising resources and has been studied extensively. However, soybean oil lacks thermal and oxidative stability and has undesirable cold flow properties. These disadvantages are directly related to its fatty acid composition ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.01.009

6. The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis. II. Analysis of chicken manure, biooils, and char by curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cp Py-GC/MS)

Author:
Schnitzer, M.I.; Monreal, C.M.; Jandl, G.; Leinweber, P.; Fransham, P.B.
Source:
Journal of environmental science and health 2007 v.42 no.1 pp. 79-95
ISSN:
0360-1234
Subject:
poultry manure; pyrolysis; animal fats and oils; biofuels; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; chemical analysis; chemical compounds; chemical structure
DOI:
10.1080/03601230601020944
PubMed:
17162571

7. Control methods for mitigating biomass ash-related problems in fluidized beds

Author:
Vamvuka, D.; Zografos, D.; Alevizos, G.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2008 v.99 no.9 pp. 3534-3544
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
additives; alkalis; biofuels; biomass; calcium; carbonates; chemical analysis; clay; combustion; control methods; energy; fluidized beds; fly ash; fouling; leaching; minerals; olives; seeds; slags; trees; wood; Crete
Abstract:
... Embodiment of biomass combustion technologies in the Cretan energy system will play an important role and will contribute to the local development. The main biomass fuels of Crete are the agricultural residues olive kernel and olive tree wood. Future applications of these biofuels may create, among others, operational problems related to ash effects. In this regard, the thermal behavior of the ash ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.049
PubMed:
17826986

8. Growth, yield and mineral content of Miscanthus x giganteus grown as a biofuel for 14 successive harvests

Author:
Christian, D.G.; Riche, A.B.; Yates, N.E.
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2008 v.28 no.3 pp. 320-327
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
harvesting; plant growth; stems; chemical analysis; Miscanthus; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; biofuels; mineral content; England
Abstract:
... Miscanthus x giganteus, a perennial rhizomatous grass commercially used as a biofuel crop was grown in a field experiment on a silty clay loam soil for 14 years. There were 3 rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N), none (control), 60kgNha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 120kgNha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ as cumulative applications. The crop was harvested in winter and dry matter yield measured. N did not influence yield. Yield, which increase ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.02.009

9. The conversion of chicken manure to bio-oil by fast pyrolysis. III. Analyses of chicken manure, bio-oils and char by Py-FIMS and Py-FDMS

Author:
Schnitzer, M.I.; Monreal, C.M.; Jandl, G.
Source:
Journal of environmental science and health 2008 v.43 no.1 pp. 81-95
ISSN:
0360-1234
Subject:
fatty acids; ammonia; phenols; pyrazoles; pyrazines; pyrroles; mass spectrometry; pyridines; carbohydrates; animal fats and oils; molecular weight; beta-sitosterol; poultry manure; indoles; lignin; chickens; chemical composition; acetic acid; chemical analysis; cholesterol; alkanes; biofuels; pyrolysis; ergosterol
DOI:
10.1080/03601230701735185
PubMed:
18161578

10. Characterization of bio-oil from induction-heating pyrolysis of food-processing sewage sludges using chromatographic analysis

Author:
Tsai, Wen-Tien; Lee, Mei-Kuei; Chang, Jeng-Hung; Su, Ting-Yi; Chang, Yuan-Ming
Source:
Bioresource technology 2009 v.100 no.9 pp. 2650-2654
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
chemical composition; gas chromatography; food processing wastes; sewage sludge; chemical analysis; biofuels; pyrolysis; mass spectrometry; biomass
Abstract:
... In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the pyrolytic bio-oils and gas fractions derived from the pyrolysis of industrial sewage sludges using induction-heating technique. The liquid products were obtained from the cryogenic condensation of the devolatilization fraction in a nitrogen atmosphere using a heating rate of 300°C/min ranging from 25 to 500°C. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.023
PubMed:
19136255

11. Direct reduction of iron oxides based on steam reforming of bio-oil: a highly efficient approach for production of DRI from bio-oil and iron ores

Author:
Feiyan Gong; Tongqi Ye; Lixia Yuan; Tao Kan; Youshifumi Torimoto; Mitsuo Yamamoto; Quanxin Li
Source:
Green chemistry 2009 v.11 no.12 pp. 2001-2012
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; biofuels; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; chemical analysis; chemical reduction; copper; ecosystem services; green chemistry; hematite; hydrogen; hydrogen production; iron; magnetite; organic compounds; oxidation; pellets; powders; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... Production of direct reduced iron (DRI) was performed by a novel and environmentally friendly approach through a systematic experimental process development and process integration study on bio-oil reforming and iron ores reduction. The Ni–Cu–Zn–Al₂O₃ catalyst is one of most suitable candidates for bio-oil reforming because this non-noble metal catalyst can efficiently reform the bio-oil to H₂ and ...
DOI:
10.1039/b915830h

12. Ethanol Production from Modified and Conventional Dry-Grind Processes Using Different Corn Types

Author:
Khullar, Esha; Sall, Erik D.; Rausch, Kent D.; Tumbleson, M.E.; Singh, Vijay
Source:
Cereal chemistry 2009 v.86 no.6 pp. 616-622
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
ethanol production; grinding; corn; Zea mays; biofuels; fermentation; fractionation; chemical analysis; chemical composition; corn starch
Abstract:
... Different corn types were used to compare ethanol production from the conventional dry-grind process to wet or dry fractionation processes. High oil, dent corn with high starch extractability, dent corn with low starch extractability and waxy corn were selected. In the conventional process, corn was ground using a hammer mill; water was added to produce slurry which was fermented. In the wet fract ...
DOI:
10.1094/CCHEM-86-6-0616

13. Influence of pyrolysis condition on switchgrass bio-oil yield and physicochemical properties

Author:
He, Ronghai; Ye, X. Philip; English, Burton C.; Satrio, Justinus A.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2009 v.100 no.21 pp. 5305-5311
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; quantitative analysis; chemical analysis; raw materials; physicochemical properties; water content; pyrolysis; biodiesel; biomass
Abstract:
... The poor and inconsistent physicochemical properties of bio-oil are inhibiting its industrialized production. We investigated the variability in properties of switchgrass bio-oil produced at three pyrolysis temperatures (T =450, 500, and 550°C) and three feedstock moisture contents (MC=5%, 10%, and 15%) in a 3x3 factorial experiment in order to exploit opportunities to improve bio-oil properties t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.069
PubMed:
19540108

14. On the Reactions of Two Fungal Laccases Differing in Their Redox Potential with Lignin Model Compounds: Products and Their Rate of Formation

Author:
Lahtinen, Maarit; Kruus, Kristiina; Heinonen, Petri; Sipila, Jussi
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2009 v.57 no.18 pp. 8357–8365
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
chemical composition; redox potential; distillers grains; thermal properties; grain sorghum; models; plant extracts; chemical analysis; Sorghum bicolor; kafirins; oxidation; extraction; enzyme substrates; Coriolus hirsutus; laccase; lignin; biofuels; enzyme activity; phenolic compounds
Abstract:
... Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as lignin-related polyphenols. Since the discovery that so-called mediators effectively extend the family of laccase substrates, direct interactions between lignin-like materials and laccase have gained much less attention. In this work, the aim was to characterize oxidation products formed in direct laccase-ca ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf901511k
PubMed:
19702333

15. Protein Molecular Structures and Protein Fraction Profiles of New Coproducts from BioEthanol Production: A Novel Approach

Author:
Yu, Peiqiang; Niu, Zhiyuan; Damiran, Daalkhaijav
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2010 v.58 no.6 pp. 3460–3464
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
protein secondary structure; feed quality; chemical analysis; amides; wheat; corn; byproducts; ethanol production; rapid methods; biofuels; spectral analysis; distillers grains
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to determine the protein molecular structures of the new coproducts from bioethanol production, quantify protein structure amide I to II and α-helix to β-sheet spectral peak intensity ratio, and illustrate multivariate molecular spectral analyses as a novel research tool for rapid characterization of protein molecular structures in bioethonal bioproducts. The stud ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf904179m
PubMed:
20180573

16. Biorefining of wood: combined production of ethanol and xylanase from waste fiber sludge

Author:
Adnan Cavka; Björn Alriksson; Shaunita H. Rose; Willem H. van Zyl; Leif J. Jönsson
Source:
Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 2011 v.38 no.8 pp. 891-899
ISSN:
1367-5435
Subject:
Aspergillus niger; carbon; genes; fermentation; xylanases; glucose; acids; biorefining; molecular weight; yeasts; ethanol production; distillation; Trichoderma reesei; ethanol; culture media; sugar content; glycosylation; wood; chemical analysis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; biofuels; sludge; pulp
Abstract:
... The possibility to utilize fiber sludge, waste fibers from pulp mills and lignocellulose-based biorefineries, for combined production of liquid biofuel and biocatalysts was investigated. Without pretreatment, fiber sludge was hydrolyzed enzymatically to monosaccharides, mainly glucose and xylose. In the first of two sequential fermentation steps, the fiber sludge hydrolysate was fermented to cellu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10295-010-0856-9
PubMed:
20824487

17. Characterization of the liquid and solid products obtained from the oxidative pyrolysis of meat and bone meal in a pilot-scale fluidised bed plant

Author:
E. Cascarosa; I. Fonts; J.M. Mesa; J.L. Sánchez; J. Arauzo
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2011 v.92 no.10 pp. 1954-1962
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
alcohols; alkanes; alkenes; ash content; biofuels; calcium; catalysts; chemical analysis; fluidized beds; fractionation; gasification; heat; meat and bone meal; nitriles; nitrogen content; pyrolysis; solvents
Abstract:
... Pyrolysis of meat and bone meal material has been studied in an auto-thermal pilot scale unit with a fluidised bed reactor based on Bioware Technology. The heating value of the bio-oil samples is around 33–36MJ/kg, whilst the nitrogen content is between 7.3wt.% and 9.0wt.%. Liquid fractionation with solvents of the bio-oil has been carried out. Chemical analyses of the fractions have shown that th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.05.015

18. Energy recovery from municipal solid waste via gasification

Author:
Raj Kumar Singh; S. Maji; Avdhesh Kr. Sharma; Sanjeev Makin
Source:
Journal of Biofuels 2011 v.2 no.1 pp. 57-63
ISSN:
0976-4763
Subject:
biofuels; carbon; chemical analysis; concrete; energy; energy recovery; gasification; landfills; municipal solid waste; physical properties; pyrolysis; India
Abstract:
... The quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased significantly worldwide and its safe disposal is an important concern in present time. In this article, pretreatment and characterisation of MSW from the Bhalswa landfill site (located in Delhi) is presented for green-energy recovery via gasification process. Sampling and physical characterisation of MSW is carried out in terms of combustib ...
DOI:
10.5958/j.0976-3015.2.1.015

19. Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil

Author:
Esben W. Bruun; Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen; Norazana Ibrahim; Helge Egsgaard; Per Ambus; Peter A. Jensen; Kim Dam-Johansen
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1182-1189
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
biochar; biofuels; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical analysis; climate change; heat transfer; heat treatment; loam soils; polymerase chain reaction; pyrolysis; soil degradation; temperature; wheat straw
Abstract:
... Production of bio-oil, gas and biochar from pyrolysis of biomass is considered a promising technology for combined production of bioenergy and recalcitrant carbon (C) suitable for sequestration in soil. Using a fast pyrolysis centrifuge reactor (PCR) the present study investigated the relation between fast pyrolysis of wheat straw at different reactor temperatures and the short-term degradability ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.008

20. Multiple approaches to evaluate the toxicity of the biomass fuel cow dung (kanda) smoke

Author:
Kewal Lal; U. Mani; Ruchi Pandey; Nrashant Singh; Abhay K. Singh; D.K. Patel; Mahendra P. Singh; R.C. Murthy
Source:
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2011 v.74 no.7 pp. 2126-2132
ISSN:
0147-6513
Subject:
at-risk population; biofuels; cattle manure; chemical analysis; cytoplasm; developing countries; edema; energy; epidemiological studies; giant cells; histopathology; kitchens; lungs; macrophages; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; rats; respiratory tract diseases; rural population; smoke; toxicity; villi
Abstract:
... Cow dung (Kanda) is a major source of energy in rural and urban population of developing countries and is burnt in traditional open stoves in confined space of kitchen without proper ventilation. In epidemiological studies, biomass fuel smoke has been reported to be responsible for several respiratory disorders in exposed population. In a laboratory experiment, female wistar rats were exposed to k ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.006

21. Pyrolysis of groundnut de-oiled cake and characterization of the liquid product

Author:
Ankit Agrawalla; Sachin Kumar; R.K. Singh
Source:
Bioresource technology 2011 v.102 no.22 pp. 10711-10716
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
aldehydes; alkanes; alkenes; alkynes; amines; aromatic compounds; biofuels; biomass; carboxylic acids; chemical analysis; esters; gasoline; ketones; nitriles; peanut cake; pyrolysis; temperature; India
Abstract:
... Renewable biomass is considered as an important energy resource all over the world and for an agriculture based economy like that of India, the future prospects of being able to convert widely available biomass materials into various forms of fuel is most attractive. In this study, pyrolysis of groundnut de-oiled cake was investigated with an aim of studying the physical and chemical characteristi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.113
PubMed:
21944285

22. Algal Biomass Constituent Analysis: Method Uncertainties and Investigation of the Underlying Measuring Chemistries

Author:
Laurens Lieve M. L.; Dempster Thomas A.; Jones Howland D. T.; Wolfrum Edward J.; Van Wychen Stefanie; McAllister Jordan S. P.; Rencenberger Michelle; Parchert Kylea J.; Gloe Lindsey M.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2012 v.84 no.4 pp. 1879-1887
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
algae; algorithms; biofuels; biomass; carbohydrates; chemical analysis; data analysis; fuel production; instrumentation; lipids; models; rapid methods; researchers; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Algal biomass compositional analysis data form the basis of a large number of techno-economic process analysis models that are used to investigate and compare different processes in algal biofuels production. However, the analytical methods used to generate these data are far from standardized. This work investigated the applicability of common methods for rapid chemical analysis of biomass sample ...
DOI:
10.1021/ac202668c

23. Characterization of biomasses available in the region of North-East India for production of biofuels

Author:
Soumya Sasmal; Vaibhav V. Goud; Kaustubha Mohanty
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2012 v.45 no. pp. 212-220
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Albizia; Areca; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Ziziphus; biofuels; butanol; chemical analysis; energy; ethanol; forests; hulls; wastes; India
Abstract:
... The lignocellulosic materials are cheap and readily available either in the form of agricultural waste or forest residues. These materials can be used as a source for energy production either in the gaseous form (CO, H₂ etc) or in liquid form (ethanol, butanol etc) to meet the rising demand of energy. The reign of lignocellulosic materials for energy production is a proven fact in this era of ener ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.06.008

24. Development and Application of Chemical Analysis Methods for Investigation of Bio-Oils and Aqueous Phase from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass

Author:
Villadsen Søren Ryom; Dithmer Line; Forsberg Rasmus; Becker Jacob; Rudolf Andreas; Iversen Steen Brummerstedt; Iversen Bo Brummerstedt; Glasius Marianne
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.11 pp. 6988-6998
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
amides; biofuels; biomass; byproducts; casein; catalysts; cellulose; chemical analysis; chemical composition; derivatization; distillers grains; esters; fatty acids; feedstocks; flame ionization; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; gluten; high performance liquid chromatography; indoles; liquefaction; micelles; models; phenols; pyrazines; pyrroles; sewage sludge; sucrose; sunflower oil; viscosity
Abstract:
... Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient second-generation technology for conversion of biomass or biomass waste products into bio-oils for e.g. the transport sector. The product consists of a bio-oil of varying viscosity and composition, as well as aqueous and gas-phase byproducts. In order to guide optimization of the HTL process with regard to conditions, catalysts, and feedstock, there ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef300954e

25. Evaluation of the yield potential and physicochemical properties of the biomass of Salix viminalis×Populus tremula hybrids

Author:
J.A. Przyborowski; M. Jedryczka; J. Ciszewska-Marciniak; P. Sulima; K.M. Wojciechowicz; E. Zenkteler
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2012 v.36 no.1 pp. 549-554
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Melampsora; Salix; biofuels; biological resistance; biomass; biometry; carbon; chemical analysis; field experimentation; fungi; genotype; hybrids; hydrogen; leaf rust; nitrogen; physicochemical properties; rootstocks; shoots; sulfur; yield components
Abstract:
... This study presents the characteristics of four Salix viminalis×Populus tremula hybrids, produced for the first time in the world grown in a three-year field experiment. Shoot weight per plant and major biomass yield components, including plant height, number of shoots per rootstock and shoot diameter, were determined. The infection severity caused by leaf rust (Melampsora sp.) was also evaluated. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.018

26. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell biomass using an overhead stirrer

Author:
Arshad Adam Salema; Farid Nasir Ani
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2012 v.96 no. pp. 162-172
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
Elaeis guineensis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; activated carbon; biofuels; biomass; chemical analysis; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; irradiation; lignin; microwave treatment; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phenol; pyrolysis; temperature; value-added products
Abstract:
... Oil palm shell biomass contains a high amount of lignin and thus has the potential to be converted into value-added products. If this biomass is not utilised efficiently, significant loss of valuable chemical products may occur, which otherwise can be recovered. In this paper, a new technique using an overhead stirrer to pyrolyse biomass under microwave (MW) irradiation was investigated. The ratio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2012.03.018

27. The Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain-Containing Protein ESK1 Mediates 2-O- and 3-O-Acetylation of Xylosyl Residues in Xylan

Author:
Youxi Yuan; Quincy Teng; Ruiqin Zhong; Zheng-Hua Ye
Source:
Plant & cell physiology 2013 v.54 no.7 pp. 1186-1199
ISSN:
0032-0781
Subject:
Arabidopsis; acetylation; acetyltransferases; biofuels; biomass; biosynthesis; cell walls; chemical analysis; endo-1,4-beta-xylanase; fuel production; genes; glucuronic acid; lignocellulose; mutation; strength (mechanics); xylan
Abstract:
... Xylan, a major polysaccharide in plant lignocellulosic biomass, is acetylated at O -2 and/or O -3 and its acetylation impedes the use of biomass for biofuel production. Currently, it is not known what genes encode acetyltransferases that are responsible for xylan O -acetylation. In this report, we demonstrate an essential role for the Arabidopsis gene ESKIMO1 (ESK1) in xylan O -acetylation during ...
DOI:
10.1093/pcp/pct070

28. Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Products Generated from Several Western USA Woody Species

Author:
Jarvis Jacqueline M.; Page-Dumroese Deborah S.; Anderson Nathaniel M.; Corilo Yuri; Rodgers Ryan P.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2014 v.28 no.10 pp. 6438-6446
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Abies concolor; Cytisus scoparius; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Quercus garryana; Tsuga heterophylla; alternative fuels; biochar; biofuels; biomass; byproducts; chemical analysis; conifers; electrical conductivity; feedstocks; ionization; mass spectrometry; oils; pH; pyrolysis; woody plants; Western United States
Abstract:
... Woody biomass has the potential to be utilized at an alternative fuel source through its pyrolytic conversion. Here, fast pyrolysis bio-oils derived from several western USA woody species are characterized by negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) to determine molecular-level composition. The composition and properties (pH, ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef501714j

29. Contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments impact xylem gene expression and secondary cell wall lignification in Eucalyptus

Author:
Eduardo Leal Oliveira Camargo; Leandro Costa Nascimento; Marçal Soler; Marcela Mendes Salazar; Jorge Lepikson-Neto; Wesley Leoricy Marques; Ana Alves; Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira; Piotr Mieczkowski; Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle; Yves Martinez; Ana Carolina Deckmann; José Carlos Rodrigues; Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati; Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira
Source:
BMC plant biology 2014 v.14 no.1 pp. 256
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
Eucalyptus; biofuels; biomass production; cell walls; chemical analysis; fertilizer analysis; fertilizer application; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; hybrids; lignification; lignin; lignocellulose; metabolism; microarray technology; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; phenotype; plantations; pulp and paper industry; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; secondary xylem; tree growth; trees
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) is a main nutrient required for tree growth and biomass accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments on the phenotypes of fast growing Eucalyptus hybrids (E. urophylla x E. grandis) with a special focus on xylem secondary cell walls and global gene expression patterns. RESULTS: Histological observations of the xylem ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12870-014-0256-9
PubMed:
25260963
PubMed Central:
PMC4189757

30. Hydrotreatment of corn stover bio-oil using noble metal catalysts

Author:
Jewel A. Capunitan; Sergio C. Capareda
Source:
Fuel Processing Technology 2014 v.125 pp. 190-199
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
alcohols; ammonium nitrogen; biofuels; carbon; carbon dioxide; catalysts; chemical analysis; corn stover; ethylene; feedstocks; gases; heat; hydrogenation; ketones; methane; oxygen; palladium; petroleum; propane; ruthenium; temperature
Abstract:
... Hydrotreatment of corn stover bio-oil and its distilled fraction was performed using noble metal catalysts such as ruthenium and palladium on carbon support at 125bar, 4hour reaction time and 200°C or 300°C in a batch catalytic reactor. Results showed that ruthenium performed better at higher temperature (300°C) and was more effective than palladium, giving about 25–26% deoxygenation. Higher yield ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.029

31. Physicochemical and thermal characterization of nonedible oilseed residual waste as sustainable solid biofuel

Author:
Pooja Doshi; Gopal Srivastava; Gauri Pathak; Madhurima Dikshit
Source:
Waste management 2014 v.34 pp. 1836-1846
ISSN:
0956-053X
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Jatropha curcas; Millettia pinnata; biofuels; boilers; bulk density; carbon; cellulose; chemical analysis; chlorine; hemicellulose; lignin; nitrogen; oilseeds; pellets; seeds; sulfur; thermal degradation; thermal properties; waste management; wastes
Abstract:
... The present study aims to investigate the potential of nonedible oilseed Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) defatted residual biomasses (whole seed, kernel, and hull), as solid biofuel. These biomasses showed good carbon contents (39.8–44.5%), whereas, fewer amounts were observed for sulfur (0.15–0.90%), chlorine (0.64–1.76%), nitrogen (0.9–7.2%) and ash contents (4.0–8.7%). ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.wasman.2013.12.018

32. Review of analytical strategies in the production and upgrading of bio-oils derived from lignocellulosic biomass

Author:
Pankaj K. Kanaujia; Y.K. Sharma; M.O. Garg; Deependra Tripathi; Raghuvir Singh
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2014 v.105 pp. 55-74
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; chemical analysis; condensates; fossil fuels; gases; lignocellulose; liquids; oxygen; pyrolysis; Europe
Abstract:
... Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising source of renewable energy and valuable chemicals. It is abundant in several forms which may be pyrolyzed to give gases, condensates and char. The condensed liquid obtained through pyrolysis is popularly called bio-oil from which valuable chemicals may be derived in a well defined manner. Chemically, this liquid is a complex mixture of simple organic, inorgan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2013.10.004

33. Strategy for the Application of Novel Characterization Methods for Biomass Fuels: Case Study of Straw

Author:
Obernberger Ingwald
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2014 v.28 no.2 pp. 1041-1052
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
additives; aerosols; biofuels; boilers; case studies; chemical analysis; combustion; corrosion; emissions; fluid mechanics; furnaces; heat; hydrochloric acid; mixing; models; research and development; risk; straw
Abstract:
... Because of an increasing interest in the utilization of new and in terms of combustion-related properties rather unknown biomass fuels in heat and power production, advanced fuel characterization tools are gaining rising interest. Currently, ongoing research and development (R&D) focuses on a better and more precise description of the combustion properties of specific biomass fuels by applying new ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef402249x

34. An overview of empty fruit bunch from oil palm as feedstock for bio-oil production

Author:
Siu Hua Chang
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2014 v.62 pp. 174-181
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Elaeis guineensis; biofuels; biomass; chemical analysis; feedstocks; fuel oils; petroleum; physicochemical properties; proximate composition; pyrolysis
Abstract:
... Empty fruit bunch (EFB) from oil palm is one of the potential biomass to produce biofuels like bio-oil due to its abundant supply and favorable physicochemical characteristics. Confirming the assertion, this paper presents an overview of EFB as a feedstock for bio-oil production. The fundamental characteristics of EFB in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and chemical composition, as w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.002

35. Analysis of Wheat Straw Biodiversity for Use as a Feedstock for Biofuel Production

Author:
Yifat Tishler; Aviva Samach; Ilana Rogachev; Rivka Elbaum; Avraham A. Levy
Source:
BioEnergy research 2015 v.8 no.4 pp. 1831-1839
ISSN:
1939-1234
Subject:
biodiversity; bioenergy industry; biofuels; cell walls; cellulose; chemical analysis; feedstocks; fructose; fuel production; glucose; ion exchange chromatography; lignin; pyrolysis; reducing sugars; saccharification; starch; water solubility; wheat; wheat straw
Abstract:
... Wheat straw is a potential source of feedstock for biofuel production that does not compete with food. We have screened 48 wheat lines from a collection representing a broad range of the biodiversity of wild and domestic wheat. Wheat straw was fractionated into water-soluble and nonsoluble fractions. In the water-soluble fraction (WSF), we found a broad variation in the concentration of free solub ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12155-015-9631-0

36. Controlling microbial contamination during hydrolysis of AFEX-pretreated corn stover and switchgrass: effects on hydrolysate composition, microbial response and fermentation

Author:
Jose Serate; Dan Xie; Edward Pohlmann; Charles Donald Jr.; Mahboubeh Shabani; Li Hinchman; Alan Higbee; Mick Mcgee; Alex La Reau; Grace E. Klinger; Sheena Li; Chad L. Myers; Charles Boone; Donna M. Bates; Dave Cavalier; Dustin Eilert; Lawrence G. Oates; Gregg Sanford; Trey K. Sato; Bruce Dale; Robert Landick; Jeff Piotrowski; Rebecca Garlock Ong; Yaoping Zhang
Source:
Biotechnology for biofuels 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 180
ISSN:
1754-6834
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Zymomonas mobilis; autoclaving; biofuels; biomass; cell growth; chemical analysis; corn stover; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol production; feedstocks; fermentation; genomics; gentamicin; glucose; hydrolysates; hydrolysis; lignocellulose; microbial contamination; phenolic compounds; xylose; yeasts
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Microbial conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks into biofuels remains an attractive means to produce sustainable energy. It is essential to produce lignocellulosic hydrolysates in a consistent manner in order to study microbial performance in different feedstock hydrolysates. Because of the potential to introduce microbial contamination from the untreated biomass or at various point ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13068-015-0356-2
PubMed:
26583044
PubMed Central:
PMC4650398

37. Effective harvesting of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris via flocculation–flotation with bioflocculant

Author:
Xueqian Lei; Yao Chen; Zongze Shao; Zhangran Chen; Yi Li; Hong Zhu; Jingyan Zhang; Wei Zheng; Tianling Zheng
Source:
Bioresource technology 2015 v.198 pp. 922-925
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Chlorella vulgaris; biofuels; calcium chloride; chemical analysis; fuel production; harvesting; microalgae; pH; sugars; temperature
Abstract:
... In this study, bioflocculant from Cobetia marina L03 could be used for effective harvesting of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris via flocculation–flotation. A flotation efficiency of 92.7% was observed when 20mgL−1 bioflocculant was tested for flocculating the microalgal cells with 5mM CaCl2. The bioflocculant was stable at wide ranges of pH and temperature, which is advantageous for its applicati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.095

38. Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Biomass (Switchgrass, Corn Stover, Eucalyptus, Beech, and Pine Wood) with a Typical Commercial Multi-Element Method on a WD-XRF Spectrometer

Author:
Morgan Trevor J.; George Anthe; Boulamanti Aikaterini K.; Álvarez Patricia; Adanouj Ibtissam; Dean Charles; Vassilev Stanislav V.; Baxter David; Andersen Lars Klembt
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 1669-1685
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Eucalyptus; Fagus; Panicum virgatum; Pinus; X-radiation; aluminum; biofuels; biomass; calcium; chemical analysis; cobalt; combustion; copper; corn stover; elemental composition; fluorescence; iron; magnesium; manganese; milling; molybdenum; nickel; pellets; potassium; silicon; sodium; spectrometers; strontium; sulfur; trade; wastes; wavelengths; wood; zinc
Abstract:
... Quick and reliable inorganic elemental chemical analysis of biomass (including solid biofuels) is of importance in the increasing utilization and trade of biomass. In particular, it is important for the exploitation of contaminated/dirty biomass/biomass waste, and potentially also as a tool in ascertaining the type/origin of biomass. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry performed directly on the ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef502380x

39. Simultaneous conversion of all cell wall components by an oleaginous fungus without chemi-physical pretreatment

Author:
Shangxian Xie; Xing Qin; Yanbing Cheng; Dhrubojyoti Laskar; Weichuan Qiao; Su Sun; Luis H. Reyes; Xin Wang; Susie Y. Dai; Scott E. Sattler; Katy Kao; Bin Yang; Xiaoyu Zhang; Joshua S. Yuan
Source:
Green chemistry 2015 v.17 no.3 pp. 1657-1667
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
Cunninghamella echinulata; Sorghum bicolor; biofuels; biomass; brown-rot fungi; carbon; cell wall components; cellulose; chemical analysis; fermentation; fungibility; green chemistry; hemicellulose; lignin; lignin content; lignocellulose; lipids; mutants; oleaginous fungi; transcriptomics; wastes; weight loss
Abstract:
... Lignin utilization during biomass conversion has been a major challenge for lignocellulosic biofuel. In particular, the conversion of lignin along with carbohydrate for fungible fuels and chemicals will both improve the overall carbon efficiency and reduce the need for chemical pretreatments. However, few biomass-converting microorganisms have the capacity to degrade all cell wall components inclu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4gc01529k

40. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author:
A. Nwobi; I. Cybulska; W. Tesfai; Y. Shatilla; J. Rodríguez; M. H. Thomsen
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2015 v.99 no.2 pp. 929-938
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; biofuels; chemical analysis; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol production; fermentation; heat; hydrolysis; liquefaction; microbiology; municipal solid waste; organic wastes; pectate lyase; proteinases; saccharification; total solids
Abstract:
... Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. A model waste was prepared based on the compos ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-014-5977-z

41. Slagging in Fixed-Bed Combustion of Phosphorus-Poor Biomass: Critical Ash-Forming Processes and Compositions

Author:
Näzelius Ida-Linn; Fagerström Jonathan; Boman Christoffer; Boström Dan; Öhman Marcus
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.2 pp. 894-908
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; calcium; chemical analysis; combustion; markets; melting; models; prediction; raw materials; silicates; silicon; slags; viscosity
Abstract:
... Slagging in combustion facilities is not welcomed, because it may cause technical and operational problems, as well as extra costs. Increased understanding of the critical slagging subprocesses makes it easier to suggest semiempirical models and fuel indexes for predicting the slagging tendencies of different fuels. That could open the biomass market for potentially more troublesome raw materials. ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef502531m

42. Assesment of technical lignins for uses in biofuels and biomaterials: Structure-related properties, proximate analysis and chemical modification

Author:
Oihana Gordobil; Rosana Moriana; Liming Zhang; Jalel Labidi; Olena Sevastyanova
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2016 v.83 pp. 155-165
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Eucalyptus; biocompatible materials; biofuels; chemical analysis; esterification; feedstocks; heat; lignin; molecular weight; proximate composition; softwood; sugars; thermal stability
Abstract:
... The potential of organosolv and kraft eucalyptus and spruce lignin as feedstock for polymeric materials and biofuel applications was assessed. Proximate analysis was used to predict the heating values and char formation. Chemical modification, based on the esterification reaction with methacryloyl chloride, was applied to introduce vinyl groups into the lignin macromolecules for enhanced reactivit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.048

43. Chemical and ecotoxicological properties of three bio-oils from pyrolysis of biomasses

Author:
Tiziana Campisi; Chiara Samorì; Cristian Torri; Giuseppe Barbera; Anna Foschini; Alisar Kiwan; Paola Galletti; Emilio Tagliavini; Andrea Pasteris
Source:
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2016 v.132 pp. 87-93
ISSN:
0147-6513
Subject:
Daphnia magna; Selenastrum capricornutum; algae; biodegradability; biodegradation; biofuels; chemical analysis; corn stover; ecotoxicology; environmental hazards; poultry manure; pyrolysis; toxicity; wood
Abstract:
... In view of the potential use of pyrolysis-based technologies, it is crucial to understand the environmental hazards of pyrolysis-derived products, in particular bio-oils. Here, three bio-oils were produced from fast pyrolysis of pine wood and intermediate pyrolysis of corn stalk and poultry litter. They were fully characterized by chemical analysis and tested for their biodegradability and their e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.027

44. Lignocellulosic materials characterization of wild and cultivated cardoon

Author:
M. Mancini; M. Lanza Volpe; P. Badaracco; V. P. Cravero
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 v. no.1147 pp. 183-188
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
flowering; lignocellulose; feeds; profitability; paper pulp; Cynara cardunculus; leaves; autumn; oils; pollination; seed germination; in vitro digestibility; fruits; aboveground biomass; chemical analysis; cotyledons; spring; biofuels; metabolizable energy; protein content; cardoons
Abstract:
... Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a perennial crop. The first productive cycle begins with seed germination, usually at the beginning of autumn. After the cotyledons emergence, leaves start to develop forming a rosette. At the end of spring appears the floral scape, which ends in several heads. After flowering and pollination, the fruits (achenes) are formed and the aerial biomass dries. This bio ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.27

45. Oxidative fast pyrolysis of banana leaves in fluidized bed reactor

Author:
Noeli Sellin; Diego Ricardo Krohl; Cintia Marangoni; Ozair Souza
Source:
Renewable energy 2016 v.96 pp. 56-64
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; air; bananas; biochar; biofuels; chemical analysis; chemical compounds; combustion; differential thermal analysis; dried fruit; energy efficiency; fluidized beds; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; heat; leaves; proximate composition; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... Dried banana leaves were previously chopped, characterized by proximate and elemental chemical analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and higher and lower heating value and submitted to oxidative fast pyrolysis in an auto-thermal fluidized bed reactor. The pyrolysis products were gases, bio-char and bio-oil (heavy and light phase). The gases were burnt in a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.032

46. Potential biofuels from liquefied industrial wastes – Preliminary evaluation of heats of combustion and van Krevelen correlations

Author:
Rui Galhano dos Santos; João Carlos Bordado; Maria Margarida Mateus
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2016 v.137 pp. 195-199
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
biofuels; carbon; chemical analysis; combustion; hydrogen; pig manure; pulp and paper sludge; raw materials; sawdust
Abstract:
... This study aimed at the evaluation of industrial residues/wastes such as pinewood sawdust, swine manure, and paper sludge to produce liquefied products that can be used as potential biofuels. The afforded products, liquefied pinewood sawdust, liquefied paper sludge and liquefied swine manure were obtained in good yield and subject to chemical analysis. The bio-oils have presented higher carbon and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.082

47. Rapid determination of chemical composition and classification of bamboo fractions using visible–near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis

Author:
Zhong Yang; Kang Li; Maomao Zhang; Donglin Xin; Junhua Zhang
Source:
Biotechnology for biofuels 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 35
ISSN:
1754-6834
Subject:
ammonia; Phyllostachys bambusoides; lignocellulose; digestibility; qualitative analysis; bamboos; juveniles; least squares; cellulose; discriminant analysis; quantitative analysis; xylan; models; principal component analysis; infrared spectroscopy; biomass; lignin; chemical composition; chemical analysis; biofuels
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: During conversion of bamboo into biofuels and chemicals, it is necessary to efficiently predict the chemical composition and digestibility of biomass. However, traditional methods for determination of lignocellulosic biomass composition are expensive and time consuming. In this work, a novel and fast method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of chemical composition and enzymatic ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13068-016-0443-z
PubMed:
26862349
PubMed Central:
PMC4746775

48. Advances in techniques for assessment of microalgal lipids

Author:
Vineela Challagulla; Sasi Nayar; Kerry Walsh; Larelle Fabbro
Source:
Critical reviews in biotechnology 2017 v.37 no.5 pp. 566-578
ISSN:
1549-7801
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; chemical analysis; fluorescent dyes; lipids; metabolites; microalgae; near-infrared spectroscopy; nondestructive methods; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; screening; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... Microalgae are a varied group of organisms with considerable commercial potential as sources of various biochemicals, storage molecules and metabolites such as lipids, sugars, amino acids, pigments and toxins. Algal lipids can be processed to bio-oils and biodiesel. The conventional method to estimate algal lipids is based on extraction using solvents and quantification by gravimetry or chromatogr ...
DOI:
10.1080/07388551.2016.1206058

49. Chemical Analysis of Fermentable Sugars and Secondary Products in 23 Sweet Sorghum Cultivars

Author:
Uchimiya Minori; Knoll Joseph E.; Anderson William F.; Harris-Shultz Karen R.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2017 v.65 no.35 pp. 7629-7637
ISSN:
1520-5118
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; biofuels; biomass; brix; chemical analysis; citrates; corn; cultivars; drought tolerance; electrical conductivity; electrodes; experimental design; factor analysis; females; fermentation; fluorescence; fructose; fuel production; glucose; hybrids; inbred lines; juices; lignocellulose; loamy sand soils; males; market value; maturity stage; nitrogen content; organic carbon; oxalates; pH; phenolic compounds; planting date; spectroscopy; sucrose; sweet sorghum; value-added products
Abstract:
... Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a heat- and drought-tolerant crop that has promise to supplement corn (Zea mays L.) for biofuel production from fermentable sugars (for sweet cultivars) and lignocellulosic biomass. Quantitative relationships are lacking to predict the accumulation of primary (stem sugars) and secondary (organic acids, phenolics, and inorganic species) products that could e ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00675

50. Chemical effects of a mild torrefaction on the wood of eight Eucalyptus species

Author:
Solange de Oliveira Araújo; Duarte M. Neiva; Jorge Gominho; Bruno Esteves; Helena Pereira
Source:
Holzforschung 2017 v.71 no.4 pp. 291-298
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Eucalyptus botryoides; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; biofuels; biomass; carbon; elemental composition; equilibrium moisture content; feedstocks; galactose; hemicellulose; lignin; oxygen; torrefaction; wood; xylose
Abstract:
... The torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment to improve biomass quality for biofuel applications. In this study, the effects of a mild torrefaction (T) on eight eucalypt species (Eucalyptus botryoides, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. maculata, E. propinqua, E. rudis, E. saligna and E. viminalis) have been compared. Namely, the mass loss (ML), the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), density and chemical ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2016-0079