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... Native to China, the chestnut gall wasps Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) has invaded several countries on three continents in about half a century. To reduce the negative impact on the chestnut industry, the hymenopteran parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) was firstly translocated from China to Japan and then from Japan to other countries. From an a ...
Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; biological control; biological control agents; indigenous species; parasitism; parasitoids; species abundance; univoltine habit; Italy; Sardinia
Abstract:
... Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) was first recorded in Sardinia (Italy) in 2007. Two years later a biological control program started with the introduction of its non-native parasitoid, Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera Torymidae). Over a nine-year period (2009–2017), data on the relative abundance of D. kuriphilus, its native parasitoids and T. sinensis were collected. N ...
... Since the rapid spread of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) throughout south-east Europe in the last few years, the possibilities of its control have been increasingly investigated. Due to constraints in available suppression measures in forest stands, biological control is recognized as the most suitable action to lower the abundance of the new invasive pest. Torymus sinensis, as a specialized ...
Castanea sativa; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; antagonists; applied ecology; biological control; biological control agents; defoliation; dendrochronology; growth rings; summer; trees; Europe
Abstract:
... The invasion of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (ACGW) in Europe has caused serious biological and economic impacts on chestnut stands that have been partially solved with the introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis. However, information concerning tree‐ring growth during the ACGW epidemic has been lacking so far. Using dendrochronology techniques, we analy ...
... A survey of the native parasitoid community was conducted to characterize its possible use as biological control for Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (ACGW) at two sampling sites in northern Spain. To this end, 500 ACGW galls were collected over five sampling dates between May and July 2017; 250 of them were dissected to estimate the parasitism rates and the remaining 250 galls were placed in emerging rea ...
... Dryocosmus kuriphilus has become a major threat to Castanea sativa and chestnut cultivation in Europe since its discovery in Italy in 2002. Thankfully, the biological control agent Torymus sinensis has proven to effectively control and reduce the D. kuriphilus population. The reaction of chestnut trees to decreasing D. kuriphilus pressure, however, has been sparsely investigated. In this study, we ...
... Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) is a biocontrol agent released to control outbreaks of the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). This wasp is mass reared in controlled conditions in order to be released on a large scale in chestnut orchards and coppices, thus factors such as food quality may deeply influence the effectiveness of parasi ...
Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; adults; biological control; biological control agents; cost effectiveness; females; galls; parasitoids; Italy; Japan; United States
Abstract:
... The biocontrol agent Torymus sinensis has been released into Japan, the USA, and Europe to suppress the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus. In this study, we provide a quantitative assessment of T. sinensis effectiveness for suppressing gall wasp infestations in Northwest Italy by annually evaluating the percentage of chestnuts infested by D. kuriphilus (infestation rate) and the numb ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; biological control; forest pests; parasitism; parasitoids; China; Europe; Japan; Korean Peninsula; North America
Abstract:
... Native to China, the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (ACGW), was first found outside its native range in Japan and the Korean peninsula in the mid-twentieth century. After appearing in North America in 1974, it was found in Europe a few decades later. Since then, the gall wasp has spread throughout the distribution of chestnut in Europe. The ACGW’s discovery in North America and Eu ...
... The invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is one of the most economically important pests of chestnut forest systems. Control is either based on the use of pesticides or the release of the parasitoid Torymus sinensis (Torymidae) for classical biological control of the pest. Both approaches require frequent monitoring of wasp emergence patterns, usually ...
... Torymus sinensis Kamijo is to date the most effective controlling agent of the chestnut gallwasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. The procedure to evaluate the parasitism rate of T. sinensis consists of dissecting D. kuriphilus galls collected in the field and checking them for its presence. Such a procedure is, however, time-consuming. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, by creating a temporal gr ...
... Dryocosmus kuriphilus has become a major issue for chestnut (Castanea sativa) cultivation since its introduction in Europe. Thus far, however, quantitative assessments of the impact of D. kuriphilus in terms of green biomass loss are lacking. In the present study, we used the leaf area to sapwood area relationship (A L:A S)—based on the pipe model approach as a green biomass indicator—to quantitat ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Eupelmus; Eurytoma; Megastigmus; Quercus; Torymus; biological control; biological control agents; forests; galls; hosts; indigenous species; introduced species; latitude; linear models; natural enemies; parasitoids; population density; surveys; Italy; Japan
Abstract:
... The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, is one of the most serious pests of Castanea spp. worldwide. Since local parasitoids did not effectively control this exotic pest, the Chinese parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo was released into Japan and Europe resulting in a successful control of the invader. A survey of native parasitoids usually infesting oak gall wasps but associ ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; biological control; crop production; females; parasitoids; population dynamics; population size; surveys; Corsica; France
Abstract:
... In response to the introduction and spread of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in metropolitan France, including Corsica, the exotic parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) was deliberately introduced in more than 50 locations covering most of the areas of chestnut production. To test the impact of propagule pressure (i.e., the num ...
... Severe infestations of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) are affecting sweet chestnut orchards across Italy, drastically impacting nut yield. The pest causes bud alteration and induces gall formation, preventing normal shoot growth and causing flower abortion. ACGW management in infested orchards is difficult, chemical suppression is ineffective against larvae within the gall. Control through cu ...
... Theory predicts that mixed forests are more resistant to native pests than pure forests (i.e. associational resistance) because of reduced host accessibility and increased top-down control by natural enemies. Yet, whether the same mechanisms also apply to invasive pests remains to be verified. We tested the hypothesis of associational resistance against the invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW, ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; biological control; climatic factors; forests; galls; parasitism; parasitoids; pest control; phenology; population dynamics; surveys; Italy
Abstract:
... Native parasitoids may play an important role in biological control. They may either support or hinder the effectiveness of introduced nonnative parasitoids released for pest control purposes. Results of a three-year survey (2011–2013) of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations and on parasitism rates by native indigenous parasitoids ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Torymus; adults; biological control; buds; cold; galls; hatching; larvae; mountains; oviposition; parasitoids; saplings; villages; weather; Italy; Japan; Marmara Sea; Turkey (country); United States
Abstract:
... The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a major pest of Castanea spp. in Asia, the USA and Europe. Based on successful biological control of the ACGW in Japan using Torymus sinensis Kamijo, work on the process of introduction of the parasite was performed as a sustainable approach for controlling the pest in the USA and in Italy. In Turkey ...
... Gnomoniopsis castanea has been reported as the causal agent of necrosis of chestnut wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) galls. The fungus is frequently observed on galls in chestnut stands infested by the insect in Italy. In the present study the impact of gall necrosis and the dynamic of its development have been studied in mature and young Castanea sativa stands in Central Italy during spring and early ...
... The chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is one of the most important insect pests of chestnut. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria from D. kuriphilus to obtain new microbial agents for both biological control and other biotechnological applications. D. kuriphilus larvae were collected from chestnut fields located in Bursa and Yalo ...