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- Author:
- Pedro N. Carvalho; M. Clara P. Basto; C. Marisa R. Almeida; Hans Brix
- Source:
- Environmental science and pollution research international 2014 v.21 no.20 pp. 11729-11763
- ISSN:
- 0944-1344
- Subject:
- arable soils; biosolids; constructed wetlands; crops; drugs; effluents; humans; irrigation; land application; manure spreading; phytoremediation; phytotoxicity; sediments; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Pharmaceuticals are commonly found both in the aquatic and the agricultural environments as a consequence of the human activities and associated discharge of wastewater effluents to the environment. The utilization of treated effluent for crop irrigation, along with land application of manure and biosolids, accelerates the introduction of these compounds into arable lands and crops. Despite the lo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11356-014-2550-3
- PubMed:
- 24481515
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2550-3
- Author:
- Adeola Julian Sorinolu; Neha Tyagi; Arun Kumar; Mariya Munir
- Source:
- Chemosphere 2021 v.265 pp. 129032
- ISSN:
- 0045-6535
- Subject:
- antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance genes; biosolids; dose response; exposure assessment; horizontal gene transfer; human health; irrigation; salinity; sewage sludge; soil; wastewater; water reuse
- Abstract:
- ... The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) and sewage sludge are considered as solutions to the limited water resource and sludge disposal issues, respectively. The associated environmental and human health risks need to be analyzed to assess whether they are safe solutions or not. This paper discusses issues that relate to the accumulation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants in ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129032
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129032
- Author:
- D. P. Mohapatra; M. Cledón; S. K. Brar; R. Y. Surampalli
- Source:
- Water, air, and soil pollution 2016 v.227 no.3 pp. 77
- ISSN:
- 0049-6979
- Subject:
- biofertilizers; biosolids; cities; effluents; food webs; freshwater; irrigation; irrigation water; people; sludge; soil; toxicity; vegetables; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Wastewater (WW) for irrigation and application of biosolids in soil is becoming important as it is going to become very common in the near future. By 2050, the world is going to have four billion people living in water-scarce countries, making it a norm of freshwater for the cities and WW for agriculture. Further, biosolids might still be used as green biofertilizers for soils, if they are improve ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11270-016-2768-4
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2768-4
- Author:
- M.I. Llamas-Dios; I. Vadillo; P. Jiménez-Gavilán; L. Candela; C. Corada-Fernández
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2021 v.788 pp. 147822
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- basins; biosolids; data collection; environment; fertilizers; groundwater; groundwater flow; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; irrigation; monitoring; organophosphorus compounds; pollutants; risk; rivers; sludge; surface water; wastewater; water management; water pollution; watersheds; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of 185 organic contaminants (regulated pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern; CECs) in surface and groundwater of the Guadalhorce River basin (southern Spain) providing the most detailed dataset regarding organic pollution presented so far in this area. Up to 63 contaminants were detected in a monitoring campaign conducted in March ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147822
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147822
- Author:
- M. M. Jordán; M. B. Almendro-Candel; J. Navarro-Pedreño; F. Pardo; E. García-Sánchez; J. Bech
- Source:
- Environmental geochemistry and health 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 7-14
- ISSN:
- 0269-4042
- Subject:
- agricultural soils; bioavailability; biosolids; calcium phosphates; geochemistry; groundwater contamination; irrigation; pH; phosphorus; rain; sludge; wastewater; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... The precipitation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate in calcareous soils decreases the bioavailability of macronutrients, which makes their addition by way of fertilisers necessary. Sludge resulting from treating urban wastewater does not only provide significant amounts of phosphorus, but also helps lower the pH, thus increasing its bioavailability. The loss of part of soil nutrients due to i ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s10653-020-00772-3
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00772-3
- Author:
- Mark W. Benton; David B. Wester
- Source:
- Journal of environmental quality 1998 v.27 no.1 pp. 199-208
- ISSN:
- 0047-2425
- Subject:
- Hilaria mutica; Sporobolus airoides; biosolids; crops; grasslands; growing season; indigenous species; irrigation; rangelands; sewage sludge; topical application; Chihuahuan Desert
- Abstract:
- ... Environmentally responsible use of anaerobically digested biosolids (municipal sewage sludge) is an increasingly urgent ecological and societal concern. There is relatively little information available on effects of biosolids in arid and semiarid rangelands. The purpose of this research was to evaluate effects of rate, season, and number of consecutive years of biosolids application on tobosagrass ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010028x
- https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010028x
- Author:
- Darren L. Binder; Achim Dobermann; Donald H. Sander; Kenneth G. Cassman
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2002 v.66 no.2 pp. 531-543
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; application rate; biosolids; corn; crops; field experimentation; irrigation; leaching; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient use efficiency; sewage sludge; silty clay loam soils; total nitrogen
- Abstract:
- ... We quantified effects of anaerobically digested sewage sludge (biosolids) on yield, N use efficiency, and soil NO₃ over a period of 4 yr. Field experiments with five biosolids rates and six N rates were conducted at two sites on a silty clay loam soil: one with irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) and another site with rainfed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Biosolids rates for achieving maximum yields in ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2002.5310
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.5310
- Author:
- Weiwei Mo; Qiong Zhang
- Source:
- Journal of environmental management 2012 v.112 no. pp. 360-367
- ISSN:
- 0301-4797
- Subject:
- biosolids; carbon; carbon markets; embodied energy; heat; human health; irrigation; land application; municipal wastewater; wastewater treatment; water reuse; Florida
- Abstract:
- ... Municipal wastewater treatment has emerged as one of the largest resource consumers in the US. As a result, the goal of municipal wastewater systems has extended from protecting receiving water and human health to improving the system sustainability. This study used the embodied energy and the associated carbon footprint to measure the resource consumption and recovery in wastewater systems. Three ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.014
- PubMed:
- 22964043
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.014
9. Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns
- Author:
- M. Saleem Akhtar; Tammo S. Steenhuis; Brian K. Richards; Murray B. McBride
- Source:
- Vadose zone journal 2003 v.2 no.4 pp. 715-727
- ISSN:
- 1539-1663
- Subject:
- Hapludalfs; acid rain; adsorption; biosolids; crops; field capacity; irrigation; lithium; lithium chloride; models; normal distribution; partition coefficients; preferential flow; probability; sandy loam soils; sewage; silt loam soils; sludge; solutes; vadose zone
- Abstract:
- ... The transport of Cl⁻ and Li⁺ was investigated in 90 undisturbed soil columns (28-cm diam., 35 cm deep) representing two soil series: structured silt loam (Hudson; fine, illitic, mesic Glossaquic Hapludalfs) and unstructured sandy loam (Arkport; coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Lamellic Hapludalfs). The columns had previously been operated with two cropping cycles, including two applications of a ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/vzj2003.7150
- https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2003.7150
- Author:
- Oshri Borgman; Benny Chefetz
- Source:
- Water research 2013 v.47 pp. 3431-3443
- ISSN:
- 0043-1354
- Subject:
- arable soils; biosolids; dissolved organic matter; drugs; effluents; irrigation; models; pH; risk; soil solution; sorption; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) are introduced into the agricultural environment through irrigation with treated effluents and application of biosolids. Transport processes can determine the fate of PCs and the associated risks related to their exposure in the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the combined effects of biosolids application and irrigation with treated effluents on the ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.045
- PubMed:
- 23591105
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.045
- Author:
- Ya-Hui Chuang; Yingjie Zhang; Wei Zhang; Stephen A. Boyd; Hui Li
- Source:
- Journal of chromatography 2015 v.1404 pp. 1-9
- ISSN:
- 0021-9673
- Subject:
- biosolids; celery; detection limit; drug residues; human health; humans; hydroponics; irrigation; land application; lettuce; liquid chromatography; solvents; statistical analysis; tandem mass spectrometry; wastewater treatment
- Abstract:
- ... Land application of biosolids and irrigation with reclaimed water in agricultural production could result in accumulation of pharmaceuticals in vegetable produce. To better assess the potential human health impact from long-term consumption of pharmaceutical-contaminated vegetables, it is important to accurately quantify the amount of pharmaceuticals accumulated in vegetables. In this study, a qui ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.022
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.022
- Author:
- Xin Zhong; Craig A. Downs; Yuting Li; Zishan Zhang; Yiman Li; Binbin Liu; Huiyuan Gao; Qingming Li
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2020 v.714 pp. 136879
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- Calvin cycle; Cucumis sativus; UV filters; anthropogenic activities; biosolids; cell respiration; crop yield; cucumbers; ecosystems; industry; ingredients; irrigation; lipid peroxidation; photosynthetic electron transport; phototoxicity; plant damage; plant growth; pollution; reactive oxygen species; sewage; sunscreens; toxicology; wastewater treatment
- Abstract:
- ... Oxybenzone (OBZ), avobenzone (AVB), octocrylene (OCR) and octinoxate (OMC) are ultraviolet (UV) filters commonly added to chemical sunscreens. These UV filters are known to widely contaminate the environment through a variety of anthropogenic sources, including sewage discharge. However, systematic studies of the damage caused by these four UV filters and their toxicopathological differences in a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136879
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136879
- Author:
- Frank J. von Willert; Richard C. Stehouwer
- Source:
- Journal of environmental quality 2003 v.32 no.3 pp. 781-788
- ISSN:
- 1537-2537
- Subject:
- Festuca arundinacea; Lotus corniculatus; aluminum; biosolids; calcium; calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate; composts; greenhouses; gypsum; irrigation; liming; mine spoil; organic matter; plant growth; rhizosphere; rooting; shale; soil pH
- Abstract:
- ... Surface incorporation of a liming agent in combination with compost or biosolids is a proven way to revegetate acidic minespoils, but little is known about the effect of the surface amendments on subsoil chemistry. We conducted a greenhouse column experiment to investigate how different surface amendments affected plant growth and subsoil chemistry in highly acidic minespoil material. Columns were ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/jeq2003.7810
- PubMed:
- 12809279
- https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.7810
- Author:
- Jarecki, Marek K.; Lal, Rattan
- Source:
- Critical reviews in plant sciences 2003 v.22 no.6 pp. 471-502
- ISSN:
- 0735-2689
- Subject:
- greenhouse gases; agricultural soils; soil organic carbon; agroforestry; precision agriculture; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; food security; prairies; greenhouse gas emissions; irrigation; forest ecosystems; agroecosystems; soil quality; developing countries; biosolids; soil water; crop rotation; water resources; nitrogen fertilizers; tillage; cover crops
- Abstract:
- ... Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from agriculture is related to increasing and protecting soil organic matter (SOM) concentration. Agricultural soils can be a significant sink for atmospheric carbon (C) through increase of the SOM concentration. The natural ecosystems such as forests or prairies, where C gains are in equilibrium with losses, lose a large fraction of the antecedent C po ...
- DOI:
- 10.1080/713608318
- https://doi.org/10.1080/713608318
- Author:
- Aitazaz A. Farooque; Qamar U. Zaman; Ali Madani; Farhat Abbas; David C. Percival; Travis J. Esau
- Source:
- Journal of environmental science and health 2011 v.46 no.4 pp. 366-379
- ISSN:
- 1532-4109
- Subject:
- Escherichia coli; Podzols; Salmonella; Vaccinium angustifolium; bacteria; biosolids; blueberries; cation exchange capacity; environmental impact; farmers; fruit yield; hardness; irrigation; land application; lysimeters; mineral fertilizers; nutrient content; pathogens; prices; rhizosphere; sewage sludge; soil organic matter; soil pH; soil quality; soil sampling; soil water; water quality; Nova Scotia
- Abstract:
- ... Land application of biosolids from processed sewage sludge may deteriorate soil, water, and plants. We investigated the impact of the N-Viro biosolids land-application on the quality of the soil water that moved through Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzols soil of Nova Scotia (NS) at the Wild Blueberry Research Institute, Debert, NS Canada. In addition, the response of major soilproperties and crop yield wa ...
- DOI:
- 10.1080/03601234.2011.559895
- https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.559895
- Author:
- C.B. Wallace; M.G. Burton; S.G. Hefner; T.A. DeWitt
- Source:
- Agricultural water management 2013 v.130 pp. 113-118
- ISSN:
- 0378-3774
- Subject:
- biosolids; coliform bacteria; hay; irrigation; mineral fertilizers; nitrogen; nutrient content; nutrients; phosphorus; pollution load; rain; rainfall simulation; recycling; risk; runoff; sediments; total suspended solids; water quality
- Abstract:
- ... Biosolids and mineral fertilizers (MF) can provide nutrient recycling and nutrients for hay production, but excessive or inappropriate applications can also contribute to water quality degradation when sediment, nutrients, and bacteria are included in surface runoff. Rainfall simulation studies were completed in a hayfield typical of the Ozark mountain region to compare sediment and nutrient conte ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.006
- Author:
- Alejandro Valdecantos; David Fuentes; Athanasios Smanis; Joan Llovet; Luna Morcillo; Susana Bautista
- Source:
- Restoration ecology 2014 v.22 no.3 pp. 327-335
- ISSN:
- 1061-2971
- Subject:
- Olea europaea; arid lands; biosolids; clay; harvesting; irrigation; plant available water; planting; plastic film mulches; rain; reforestation; seedling growth; seedlings; sludge; soil fertility; water harvesting; water stress; wells
- Abstract:
- ... Reforestation projects in semiarid lands often yield poor results. Water scarcity, poor soil fertility, and structure strongly limit the survival and growth of planted seedlings in these areas. At two experimental semiarid sites, we evaluated a variety of low‐cost planting techniques in order to increase water availability to plants. Treatments included various combinations of traditional planting ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/rec.12076
- https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12076
- Author:
- Sophie Bertin; Kyari Yates; Bruce Petrie
- Source:
- Environmental pollution 2020 v.262 pp. 114364
- ISSN:
- 0269-7491
- Subject:
- agricultural soils; amphetamine; biosolids; enantiomers; ibuprofen; illicit drugs; irrigation; medicinal properties; propranolol; risk; risk assessment process; soil amendments; soil ecology; stereochemistry; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... The importance of stereochemistry on the behaviour and effects of chiral pharmaceutical and illicit drugs in amended agricultural soils has been over looked to date. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the enantiospecific behaviour of a chemically diverse range of chiral drugs including naproxen, ibuprofen, salbutamol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, acebutolol, atenolol, chlorph ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114364
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114364
- Author:
- Wiebke Schmidt; Clare H. Redshaw
- Source:
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2015 v.112 pp. 212-222
- ISSN:
- 0147-6513
- Subject:
- cell growth; Lactuca sativa; radishes; plant response; toxicity testing; roots; shoots; soil pollution; hypocotyls; irrigation; photosynthesis; root shoot ratio; germination; humans; biosolids; ibuprofen; water content; lettuce; biomass; sewage sludge; cotyledons; Raphanus sativus; cost effectiveness; chronic toxicity; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Human pharmaceuticals have been detected in the terrestrial environment at µg to mgkg−1 concentrations. Repeated application of sewage sludge (biosolids) and increasing reclaimed wastewater use for irrigation could lead to accumulation of these novel contaminants in soil systems. Despite this, potential phytotoxicological effects on higher plants have rarely been evaluated. These studies aimed to ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.008
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.008
- Author:
- Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck; Deivid Ismael Kern; Ênio Leandro Machado; Klaus Kümmerer
- Source:
- Chemosphere 2015 v.135 pp. 403-410
- ISSN:
- 0045-6535
- Subject:
- Allium cepa; Lactuca sativa; apoptosis; bioassays; biosolids; chromosome aberrations; cyclophosphamide; cytotoxicity; fluorouracil; genotoxicity; irrigation; mechanism of action; methotrexate; mitosis; mutagenicity; phytotoxicity; pollution; screening; seedlings; wastewater; water reuse
- Abstract:
- ... Anti-cancer drugs are compounds that are of high environmental relevance because of their lack of specific mode of action. They can be extremely harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. The present study evaluated the toxic effects of four frequently used anti-cancer drugs against plant seedlings, namely Cyclophosphamide (CP), Methotrexate (MTX), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Imatinib ( ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.019
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.019
- Author:
- Eyal Roth; Nasser Samara; Michael Ackermann; René Seiml-Buchinger; Azzam Saleh; Liliane Ruess
- Source:
- Applied soil ecology 2015 v.90 pp. 68-77
- ISSN:
- 0929-1393
- Subject:
- Nematoda; agricultural management; biosolids; crop yield; crops; energy flow; enriched foods; enteropathogens; field experimentation; food pathogens; freshwater; humans; irrigation; marketing; microbial biomass; microbial communities; microorganisms; omnivores; organic fertilizers; population growth; poultry manure; semiarid soils; sewage sludge; soil biota; soil quality; trophic levels; wastewater; West Bank
- Abstract:
- ... The agricultural application of organic fertilizer as well as irrigation with partially treated wastewater is proposed to increase crop yield, but also the incidence of food borne pathogens. Studies have concentrated on the impact of such management practice on soil health, and on spread of pathogens during harvest, transport, and marketing, whereas the role of soil organisms in these processes wa ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.02.002
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.02.002
- Author:
- Menahem Edelstein; Meni Ben-Hur
- Source:
- Scientia horticulturae 2018 v.234 pp. 431-444
- ISSN:
- 0304-4238
- Subject:
- vegetables; titanium; heavy metals; lead; necrosis; reactive oxygen species; sewage treatment; European Union; strontium; cell membranes; anthropogenic activities; cultivation area; fruit trees; roots; oxidative stress; carbon dioxide; fields; irrigation; neoplasms; DNA; iron; weathering; electron transfer; cadmium; horticulture; nutrient balance; coasts; international organizations; mycorrhizae; food chain; horticultural crops; cobalt; United States Environmental Protection Agency; copper; discoloration; municipal wastewater; arsenic; carbon dioxide fixation; boron; soil; exposure assessment; pollutants; biosolids; molybdenum; vanadium; kidneys; chromium; enzyme activity; food safety; adverse effects; proteins; wilting; free radicals; mercury; transgenic plants; zinc; tin; photophosphorylation; food production; nickel; exposure pathways; stomata; air pollution
- Abstract:
- ... Food production in areas contaminated with heavy metals is associated with health risks because of their adverse effects on food safety and marketability, and on crop growth and yield quality. The present review focuses on sources and risks of heavy metals, mainly in cultivated fields in various regions, and strategies to reduce their accumulation in horticultural crops. The following heavy metals ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.039
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.039
- Author:
- M.C. Manna; A. Subba Rao; A. Mandal
- Source:
- Indian journal of soil conservation 2015 v.43 no.3 pp. 204-212
- ISSN:
- 0976-1721
- Subject:
- agricultural land; biomass; biosolids; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; conservation tillage; cost effectiveness; crop residues; decline; deforestation; drainage; fallow; fertilizers; fossil fuels; greenhouses; irrigation; risk; soil conservation; soil degradation; soil organic carbon; soil quality; soil water; summer
- Abstract:
- ... The soil carbon sequestration is a cost effective strategy to mitigate climate change during first 2 to 3 decades of the 21 Century. The greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere are increasing at the rate of 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.25 ppbv yr for Co, CH-12₄ and NO, respectively. Contribution of these three GHGs to global warming is to an extent of 20% due to agricultural activities and 14% due to in land us ...
- Author:
- Dorit Shargil; Pinchas Fine; Zev Gerstl; Ido Nitsan; Daniel Kurtzman
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2016 v.541 pp. 742-749
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- agricultural land; application rate; biosolids; corticosterone; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; human health; irrigation; irrigation water; lettuce; lysimeters; metabolism; physicochemical properties; soil amendments; soil properties; soil treatment; spring; summer; tap water; wastewater; winter
- Abstract:
- ... We studied corticosterone occurrence in lettuce plants grown on three biosolids amended soils under irrigation with either tap water or secondary wastewater effluent. Corticosterone was examined as it has possible implications for human health. It is a major glucocorticoid, and as such has an effect on regulation of metabolism, immune functions and stress response.The plants were grown in 220-L ly ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.115
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.115
- Author:
- Theophilus K. Udeigwe; Jasper M. Teboh; Peter N. Eze; M. Hashem Stietiya; Vipan Kumar; James Hendrix; Henry J. Mascagni; Teng Ying; Tarek Kandakji
- Source:
- Journal of environmental management 2015 v.151 pp. 267-279
- ISSN:
- 0301-4797
- Subject:
- agrochemicals; air pollution; animal manures; bioenergy industry; biosolids; crop production; dermatitis; environmental impact; environmental quality; feedstocks; gases; gastroenteritis; good agricultural practices; heavy metals; human health; intensive farming; irrigation; kidneys; liver; methemoglobinemia; neoplasms; nutrients; pathogens; pesticides; postharvest technology; public health; risk; soil; tillage
- Abstract:
- ... Globally, much weight is currently being placed on agriculture to provide food for the growing population as well as feedstock for the bioenergy industry. Unfortunately, the intensification of agricultural operations to satisfy these growing needs has been associated with a number of environmental and human health risks. A review of publications on the subject was conducted and emphasis was placed ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.024
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.024
- Author:
- Ian L. Pepper; Mark L. Brusseau; Frank J. Prevatt; Barbara A. Escobar
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2021 v.793 pp. 148449
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- biosolids; chemical species; environment; groundwater; irrigation; irrigation water; land application; soil
- Abstract:
- ... This field study investigated the impact of long-term land application of biosolids on PFAS presence in soils that received annual repetitive land application of Class B biosolids from 1984 to 2019. Soil samples were collected from three depths of 30.5, 91 and 183 cm below land surface. Biosolid and groundwater samples used for irrigation were also collected. Concentrations measured for 18 PFAS co ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148449
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148449
- Author:
- Kate A. Langdon; Mike J. McLaughlin; Jason K. Kirby; Graham Merrington
- Source:
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2015 v.34 no.11 pp. 2503-2512
- ISSN:
- 0730-7268
- Subject:
- Hordeum vulgare; anti-infective properties; barley; biosolids; irrigation; land application; leaching; pH; risk assessment; root growth; silver; soil organic carbon; soil properties; soil types; tomatoes; toxicity; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Silver (Ag) has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties; as a result, it is being used increasingly in a wide range of consumer products. With these uses, the likelihood that Ag may enter the environment has increased, predominately via land application of biosolids or irrigation with treated wastewater effluent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of Ag to 2 plant ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/etc.3067
- https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3067
- Author:
- Clarke, Bradley O.; Porter, Nichola A.; Symons, Robert K.; Marriott, Philip J.; Stevenson, Gavin J.; Blackbeard, Judy R.
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2010 v.408 no.7 pp. 1604-1611
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- activated sludge; biosolids; effluents; emissions; humans; irrigation; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; risk; sewage sludge; wastewater; wastewater treatment; Australia
- Abstract:
- ... The aim of this study was to quantify the amount of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) released into the environment (biosolids, effluent) from a conventional Australian activated sludge treatment wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The concentration of PBDE congeners was measured at various treatment stages and included four aqueous samples (raw, primary, secondary and tertiary effluents) and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.059
- PubMed:
- 20116086
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.059
- Author:
- Christian W. Klampfl
- Source:
- Trends in analytical chemistry 2019 v.111 pp. 13-26
- ISSN:
- 0165-9936
- Subject:
- biosolids; drug residues; environmental assessment; fertilizers; humans; irrigation; metabolites; sewage treatment; soil
- Abstract:
- ... Residues of pharmaceuticals are ubiquitous in the environment, due to the increased use of drugs for treating humans and animals. If in agriculture water or biosolids from sewage treatment plants or manure from treated animals are used for irrigation or as a fertilizer respectively, drug residues may come into contact with plants. Subsequently these substances may be taken up, be translocated and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.042
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.042
- Author:
- Hirneisen Kirsten A.; Kniel Kalmia E.
- Source:
- Phytopathology 2013 v.103 no.4 pp. 389-394
- ISSN:
- 0031-949X
- Subject:
- Norovirus; biological control; biosolids; feces; fertilizers; growers; guidelines; humans; insects; irrigation; leaves; manure spreading; mice; pathogenicity; pathogens; pesticides; risk assessment; soil; solar radiation; spinach; viruses
- Abstract:
- ... Produce can become contaminated with human viral pathogens in the field through soil, feces, or water used for irrigation; through application of manure, biosolids, pesticides, and fertilizers; and through dust, insects, and animals. The objective of this study was to assess the survival and stability of human noroviruses and norovirus surrogates (Murine norovirus [MNV] and Tulane virus [TV]) on f ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0231-FI
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0231-FI
- Author:
- Lianfeng Du; Wenke Liu
- Source:
- Agronomy for sustainable development 2012 v.32 no.2 pp. 309-327
- ISSN:
- 1774-0746
- Subject:
- adsorption; agroecosystems; animal manures; antibiotics; aquaculture; bioactive properties; biosolids; crops; ecotoxicology; environmental fate; environmental impact; feces; feed additives; fertilizer application; food security; humans; industry; irrigation; leaching; livestock breeding; medicine; metabolites; pollution; production technology; public health; risk; runoff; sediments; sewage sludge; soil ecology; urban areas; urine; vegetable growing; vegetables; veterinary drugs; waste treatment; wastewater; water quality
- Abstract:
- ... Globally, besides human medicine, an increasing amount of antibiotics as veterinary drugs and feed additives are used annually in many countries with the rapid development of the breeding industry (livestock breeding and aquaculture). As a result, mostly ingested antibiotic doses (30–90%) and their metabolites to humans and animals, as emerging persistent contaminants, were excreted together with ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s13593-011-0062-9
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0062-9
- Author:
- Gwynn R. Johnson
- Source:
- Water research 2022 v.211 pp. 118035
- ISSN:
- 0043-1354
- Subject:
- United States Environmental Protection Agency; biosolids; groundwater; irrigation; land application; public health; research; risk; sewage sludge; soil profiles; vadose zone; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... The land application of digested sewage sludge (biosolids) is widely employed across the globe. Studies show that biosolids contain significant amounts of inorganic and organic materials, as well as emerging pollutants, including per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). With the wide range of pollutants commonly reported in biosolids, the potential risks associated with long-term land app ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118035
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.118035
- Author:
- A. Vico; J.A. Sáez; M.D. Pérez-Murcia; J. Martinez-Tomé; J. Andreu-Rodríguez; E. Agulló; M.A. Bustamante; A. Sanz-Cobena; R. Moral
- Source:
- Agricultural systems 2020 v.178 pp. 102765
- ISSN:
- 0308-521X
- Subject:
- NPK fertilizers; Spinacia oleracea; biosolids; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks; circular economy; crop quality; crop yield; emissions factor; environmental impact; fertilizer rates; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; horticulture; irrigation; leaves; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrous oxide; nutrient management; nutrients; pollution control; production technology; raw materials; semiarid zones; soil organic carbon; spinach; split application; vermicomposts; Mediterranean region; Southern European region; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... Agricultural production of leafy vegetables in Mediterranean countries aims to achieve high yields without elevated nitrate contents in the edible parts. This implies an adjusted nutrient management, especially of nitrogen (N), in irrigated horticultural systems under semiarid conditions. These horticultural systems are highly relevant in SE Spain from an economic perspective. However, the managem ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102765
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102765
- Author:
- Anastasis Christou; George Papadavid; Panagiotis Dalias; Vasileios Fotopoulos; Costas Michael; Josep Maria Bayona; Benjamin Piña; Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Source:
- Environmental research 2019 v.170 pp. 422-432
- ISSN:
- 0013-9351
- Subject:
- agricultural soils; biosolids; environmental factors; food chain; foods; forage crops; fruit trees; fruits; genotype; grains; green leafy vegetables; groundwater; human health; humans; hydrochemistry; irrigation; livestock; physicochemical properties; physiological state; risk; root vegetables; runoff; sediments; soil amendments; soil fauna; soil pore water; tissues; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation and the use of biosolids and manures as soil amendment constitute significant pathways for the introduction of the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to the agricultural environment. Consequently, CECs are routinely detected in TWW-irrigated agricultural soils and runoff from such sites, in biosolids- and manure-amended soils, and in surfac ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.048
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.048
35. Removal of pathogenic bacteria from sewage-treated effluent and biosolids for agricultural purposes
- Author:
- A. A. Al-Gheethi; A. N. Efaq; J. D. Bala; I Norli; M. O. Abdel-Monem; M. O. Ab. Kadir
- Source:
- Applied water science 2018 v.8 no.2 pp. 74
- ISSN:
- 2190-5487
- Subject:
- bacteria; biosolids; humans; irrigation; nutrients; pathogens; regrowth; risk; sewage; sewage treatment; soil; soil fertility; water management; water resources; Middle East
- Abstract:
- ... The reuse of treated sewage for irrigation is considered as an important alternative water source in the new water management strategy of the countries that face a severe deficiency of water resources such as the Middle East countries. The organic material and fertilizing elements contained in biosolids are essential for maintaining soil fertility. However, both treated sewage and biosolids contai ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s13201-018-0698-6
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0698-6
- Author:
- Leera Kittigul; Kannika Pombubpa
- Source:
- Food and environmental virology 2021 v.13 no.1 pp. 53-63
- ISSN:
- 1867-0334
- Subject:
- DNA; Rotavirus; biosolids; genes; genetic relationships; genotype; humans; irrigation; longitudinal studies; monitoring; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; recycled water; sewage sludge; tap water; virology; Thailand
- Abstract:
- ... The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and molecular surveillance of rotaviruses in tap water, recycled water, and sewage sludge in Thailand from 2007 to 2018. Three hundred and seventy tap water, 202 recycled water, and 72 sewage sludge samples were collected and processed to detect the rotavirus VP7 gene using RT-nested PCR. Rotavirus G genotypes were identified by DNA s ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s12560-020-09450-0
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-020-09450-0
- Author:
- Pedro Jurado-Guerra; David B. Wester; Ernest B. Fish
- Source:
- Journal of environmental quality 2006 v.35 no.2 pp. 641-650
- ISSN:
- 1537-2537
- Subject:
- Hilaria mutica; biosolids; grasses; grasslands; growing season; irrigation; mulches; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen; spring; subsurface soil layers; summer; Chihuahuan Desert
- Abstract:
- ... Dormant-season application of biosolids increases desert grass production more than growing season application in the first growing season after application. Differential patterns of NO₃–N (plant available N) release following seasonal biosolids application may explain this response. Experiments were conducted to determine soil nitrate nitrogen dynamics following application of biosolids during tw ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/jeq2005.0062
- https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0062
- Author:
- Farooque Aitazaz A.; Abbas Farhat; Zaman Qamar U.; Madani Ali; Percival David C.; Arshad Muhammad; Oxford Frozen Foods; Wild Blueberry Producers Association of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia Wild blueberry Institute; Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture
- Source:
- Applied and environmental soil science 2012 v.2012 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 1687-7675
- Subject:
- Vaccinium angustifolium; ammonium sulfate; application rate; biosolids; blueberries; clay; diammonium phosphate; fertilizer application; fruit yield; irrigation; leaves; mineral fertilizers; nutrient availability; nutrient content; nutrient uptake; nutrients; soil nutrients; soil properties; Nova Scotia
- Abstract:
- ... We compared the impact of surface broadcasted N-Viro biosolids and inorganic fertilizer (16.5% Ammonium sulphate, 34.5% Diammonium phosphate, 4.5% Potash, and 44.5% s and/or clay filler) applications on soil properties and nutrients, leaf nutrient concentration, and the fruit yield of lowbush blueberry under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions during 2008-2009 at Debert, NS, Canada. Application ...
- DOI:
- 10.1155/2012/638984
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/638984
39. Soil and Waste Matrix Affects Spatial Heterogeneity of Bacteria Filtration during Unsaturated Flow
- Author:
- Adrian Unc; Joanna Niemi; Michael J. Goss
- Source:
- Water 2015 v.7 no.3 pp. 836-854
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- Clostridium perfringens; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; bacteria; biosolids; clay; clay loam soils; drainage; filtration; fluorescence; hydrophobicity; ionic strength; irrigation; liquids; lysimeters; microparticles; organic wastes; rain; sandy loam soils; soil solution; spatial variation; unsaturated flow
- Abstract:
- ... Discontinuous flows resulting from discrete natural rain events induce temporal and spatial variability in the transport of bacteria from organic waste through soils in which the degree of saturation varies. Transport and continuity of associated pathways are dependent on structure and stability of the soil under conditions of variable moisture and ionic strength of the soil solution. Lysimeters c ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w7030836
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w7030836
- Author:
- Gunasekhar Nachimuthu; Nilantha R. Hulugalle; Mark D. Watkins; Lloyd A. Finlay
- Source:
- Soil use and management 2022 v.38 no.1 pp. 426-434
- ISSN:
- 0266-0032
- Subject:
- Vertisols; application rate; biosolids; fertilizer application; irrigation; irrigation water; nitrogen; rhizosphere; risk; sewage effluent; sewage treatment; soil organic carbon; soil organic nitrogen; soil quality; soil sodicity
- Abstract:
- ... The application of biosolids to cropping soils may improve soil health, supply nitrogen and other nutrients for crops. There are specific guidelines on the quantity of biosolids that can be applied to a soil to grow selected crops. However, some recommendations overlook environmental factors such as soil organic N and N supplied by irrigation water. We conducted a three‐year field monitoring progr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/sum.12748
- https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12748
- Author:
- M. A. Al-Wabel; D. M. Heil; D. G. Westfall; K. A. Barbarick
- Source:
- Journal of environmental quality 2002 v.31 no.4 pp. 1157-1165
- ISSN:
- 1537-2537
- Subject:
- Paleustolls; correlation; effluents; electrical conductivity; irrigation water; arid lands; copper; irrigation; lead; zinc; cation exchange; leaching; Haplargids; soil amendments; biosolids; pH; dissolved organic carbon; sand; inorganic ions
- Abstract:
- ... Many studies have implicated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as an important contributor to the elevated mobility of trace metals in soils amended with biosolids. Few of these studies, however, have quantified both DOC and metal concentrations. We completed laboratory leaching column studies on a dryland Platner loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Paleustoll) and an irrigated Osgood sand (loamy, mi ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/jeq2002.1157
- https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1157
- Author:
- Y. Zhang; G.W. Price; R. Jamieson; D. Burton; K. Khosravi
- Source:
- Chemosphere 2017 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 0045-6535
- Subject:
- adsorption; analgesics; anti-inflammatory activity; biosolids; cations; desorption; diclofenac; environmental health; hysteresis; ibuprofen; irrigation; ketoprofen; land application; metals; municipal wastewater; soil; soil organic matter; sorption isotherms
- Abstract:
- ... Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used pharmaceutical products with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that are consistently detected in municipal wastewater systems and in municipal biosolids. Land application of biosolids and irrigation with reclaimed wastewater introduces these compounds into agricultural environments, which is an emerging issue of concern for ecos ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.027
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.027
- Author:
- Yuhao Fu; Mingyun Jia; Fang Wang; Ziquan Wang; Zhi Mei; Yongrong Bian; Xin Jiang; Marko Virta; James M. Tiedje
- Source:
- Environmental science & technology 2021 v.55 no.24 pp. 16369-16378
- ISSN:
- 1520-5851
- Subject:
- Sedum plumbizincicola; agricultural land; agricultural management; antibiotic resistance; biochar; biosolids; cadmium; edaphic factors; food chain; human health; hyperaccumulators; irrigation; oxytetracycline; sewage; structural equation modeling; technology; toxicity
- Abstract:
- ... The global prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is of increasing concern as a serious threat to ecological security and human health. Irrigation with sewage and farmland application of manure or biosolids in agricultural practices introduce substantial selective agents such as antibiotics and toxic metals, aggravating the transfer of ARGs from the soil environment to humans via the foo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.est.1c03434
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03434
- Author:
- Manuel M. Jordán; Ernesto García-Sánchez; Maria Belen Almendro-Candel; Francisco Pardo; Ana Belen Vicente; Teófilo Sanfeliu; Jaume Bech
- Source:
- Catena 2017 v.148 pp. 74-80
- ISSN:
- 0341-8162
- Subject:
- Technosols; biosolids; calcite; calcium; cations; chlorides; electrical conductivity; environmental indicators; environmental quality; irrigation; leachates; limestone; magnesium; mine spoil; mining; nitrates; nutrients; organic matter; pH; phosphates; physical properties; pollution; potassium; rain; risk; sewage sludge; sewage treatment; sodium; sulfates
- Abstract:
- ... The restoration technologies in areas degraded by extractive activities are more efficient under the use of their own spoils. Reducing deficiencies in physical properties, organic matter, and nutrients with a contribution of treated sewage sludge is proposed. This experiment was based on a controlled study using columns. The work was done with two limestone quarry spoils, both very rich in calcite ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.027
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.027
- Author:
- Anastasis Christou; Ana Agüera; Josep Maria Bayona; Eddie Cytryn; Vasileios Fotopoulos; Dimitra Lambropoulou; Célia M. Manaia; Costas Michael; Mike Revitt; Peter Schröder; Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Source:
- Water research 2017 v.123 pp. 448-467
- ISSN:
- 0043-1354
- Subject:
- agricultural soils; antibiotic residues; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; bioaccumulation; biosolids; crops; desorption; food webs; genetic resistance; human health; irrigation; plant tissues; public health; risk; soil biota; soil pore water; uptake mechanisms; wastewater; water reuse; water shortages
- Abstract:
- ... The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous exposure of the agricultural environment to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, certain evidence indicate that antibiotics and resistance genes may become disseminated in agricultural soils as a result of the amendment with manure and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.004
- Author:
- Wenfeng Wang; Geoff Rhodes; Jing Ge; Xiangyang Yu; Hui Li
- Source:
- Chemosphere 2020 v.261 pp. 127584
- ISSN:
- 0045-6535
- Subject:
- animal and human health; biosolids; crops; emissions; environmental factors; food chain; grains; head; irrigation; knowledge; land application; landfills; leachates; length; lipids; literature; pH; perfluorocarbons; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; perfluorooctanoic acid; pesticide application; protein content; publications; research; risk; salinity; soil organic matter; temperature; toxic substances; transpiration; vegetables; water pollution; water solubility; webs
- Abstract:
- ... Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment and have been found to be accumulated in agricultural products. Consumption of PFAS-contaminated agricultural products represents a feasible pathway for the trophic transfer of these toxic chemicals along food chains/webs, leading to risks associated with human and anim ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127584
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127584
- Author:
- Run Tian; Rong Zhang; Misbah Uddin; Xianliang Qiao; Jingwen Chen; Gege Gu
- Source:
- Environmental pollution 2019 v.247 pp. 1134-1142
- ISSN:
- 0269-7491
- Subject:
- agricultural land; antibacterial properties; biosolids; chronic exposure; clarithromycin; conjugated linoleic acid; food chain; humans; hydroponics; irrigation; leaves; lettuce; metabolism; metabolites; plant tissues; risk assessment; roots; sulfadiazine; tandem mass spectrometry; terrestrial ecosystems; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Antibiotics are introduced into agricultural fields by the application of manure or biosolids, or via irrigation using reclaimed wastewater. Antibiotics can enter the terrestrial food chains through plant uptake, which forms an alternative pathway for human exposure to antibiotics. However, previous studies mainly focused on detecting residues of the parent antibiotics, while ignoring the identifi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.009
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.009
- Author:
- Ming Li; Tengda Ding; Haiyan Wang; Wei Wang; Juying Li; Qingfu Ye
- Source:
- Environmental pollution 2018 v.243 pp. 1352-1359
- ISSN:
- 0269-7491
- Subject:
- Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis; anticonvulsants; bioaccumulation factor; biosolids; carbon; carrots; celery; irrigation; isotope labeling; leaves; radionuclides; ready-to-eat foods; roots; soil; soil amendments; stems; translocation (plant physiology); wastewater; wastewater treatment
- Abstract:
- ... Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug that is frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants, soil and plants after irrigation with treated wastewater or application of biosolids. However, little information is available on the fate and uptake of CBZ in edible vegetables. In this study, radioautographic visualization of the ¹⁴C distribution revealed that ¹⁴C-CBZ can be taken up by all t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.079
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.079
- Author:
- Geoff Rhodes; Ya-Hui Chuang; Raymond Hammerschmidt; Wei Zhang; Stephen A. Boyd; Hui Li
- Source:
- Chemosphere 2021 v.263 pp. 127916
- ISSN:
- 0045-6535
- Subject:
- animal and human health; animal manures; biosolids; celery; cephalexin; detection limit; enzymes; ingestion; irrigation; lettuce; nutrient solutions; radishes; sorption; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... The introduction of pharmaceuticals into agricultural lands from the application of biosolids and animal manure, and irrigation with treated wastewater has led to concern for animal and human health after the ingestion of pharmaceutical-tainted agricultural products. In this study, the uptake and accumulation of cephalexin, a commonly prescribed antibiotic, was compared in three common vegetables ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127916
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127916
- Author:
- Enguang Nie; Yan Chen; Xing Gao; Yandao Chen; Qingfu Ye; Haiyan Wang
- Source:
- Science of the total environment 2020 v.724 pp. 138165
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- agricultural land; anti-infective agents; average daily intake; bioaccumulation factor; biosolids; carbon 14; fruits; human health; irrigation; leaves; peanut hulls; peanuts; roots; seeds; soil; soil amendments; stems; triclosan; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that is ubiquitously present in water, biosolids and soil. Current agricultural practices, such as irrigation with treated wastewater and soil amendment with biosolids, often cause further triclosan contamination in agricultural fields. However, the fate and crop uptake of triclosan in agrofood systems and related human exposure are still not fully understood. I ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138165
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138165