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1. The optimal dietary protein level of large‐size grouper Epinephelus coioides

Author:
Yan, Xiaobo; Yang, Junjiang; Dong, Xiaohui; Tan, Beiping; Zhang, Shuang; Chi, Shuyan; Yang, Qihui; Liu, Hongyu; Yang, Yuanzhi
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2020 v.26 no.3 pp. 705-714
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Epinephelus coioides; acid phosphatase; alanine transaminase; alkaline phosphatase; amylases; aspartate transaminase; blood glucose; blood serum; body weight; cholesterol; dietary protein; enzyme activity; feed conversion; grouper; high protein diet; intestines; lipid content; liver; low protein diet; lysozyme; muscles; protein content; proteinases; regression analysis; satiety; specific growth rate; superoxide dismutase; triacylglycerol lipase; triacylglycerols; weight gain
Abstract:
... An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the requirement of protein for large‐size grouper Epinephelus coioides (initial body weight: 275.07 ± 1.56 g). Six iso‐lipidic (124 g/kg) diets were formulated containing graded levels of protein (350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 g/kg). Grouper was hand‐fed twice daily to apparent satiation with triplicate. The results showed that significantly hig ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.13030

2. The characteristics of glucose homoeostasis in grass carp and Chinese longsnout catfish after oral starch administration: a comparative study between herbivorous and carnivorous species of fish

Author:
Su, Jingzhi; Gong, Yulong; Mei, Lingyu; Xi, Longwei; Chi, Shuyan; Yang, Yunxia; Jin, Junyan; Liu, Haokun; Zhu, Xiaoming; Xie, Shouqi; Han, Dong
Source:
The British journal of nutrition 2020 v.123 no.6 pp. 627-641
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
Ctenopharyngodon idella; Leiocassis; amylases; blood glucose; body weight; carnivores; catfish; comparative study; enzyme activity; fasting; gluconeogenesis; glucose; glucose-6-phosphatase; glycogen; glycogen (starch) synthase; glycolysis; herbivores; intestines; lipogenesis; phosphorylase; pyruvate kinase; starch
Abstract:
... An oral starch administration trial was used to evaluate glucose homoeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther). Fish were administered with 3 g of a water and starch mixture (with 3:2 ratio) per 100 g body weight after fasting for 48 h. Fish were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after oral starch administration. In grass ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114519003234

3. Metabolic and physiological responses to intraperitoneal injection of chromium oxide in hyperglycaemic Nile tilapia juveniles

Author:
Walker, Auriana M.; Copatti, Carlos E.; Melo, Fulvio V.S.T.; Melo, José F.B.
Source:
Aquaculture 2020 v.517 pp. 734821
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; amino acids; amylases; biochemical pathways; blood glucose; blood plasma; cholesterol; chromic oxide; experimental design; fish; glucose; glycogen; hemoglobin; intestines; intraperitoneal injection; juveniles; physiological response; physiological state; protein content; proteinases; serum albumin; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effect of chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) on the metabolic and physiological variables of hyperglycaemic Nile tilapia (Oreochormis niloticus) juveniles. The experimental design comprised two treatments (glucose and glucose + Cr₂O₃) and four different times (30, 60, 120 and 240 min), with 7 fish per group. Fish received glucose at 1 g kg body weight⁻¹, injected intraperitoneally. Fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734821

4. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid addition in maternal and post-weaning diets on growth performance, total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in lambs

Author:
Li, H.Q.; Wang, B.; Li, Z.; Luo, H.L.; Wang, Y.J.; Zhang, C.; Jian, L.Y.; Gao, Y.F.; Lu, W.; Liu, M.; Zhao, X.G.
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2020 v.260 pp. 114364
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
acetates; albumins; amylases; average daily gain; blood; blood glucose; body weight; carboxylic ester hydrolases; chymotrypsin; crude protein; diet; digestibility; dry matter intake; enzyme activity; ewes; experimental design; feed conversion; folic acid; growth performance; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hormone secretion; insulin-like growth factor I; intestines; lambs; litter size; metabolites; neutral detergent fiber; organic matter; pH; progeny; propionic acid; rumen fermentation; somatotropin; total mixed rations; trypsin; very low density lipoprotein; volatile fatty acids; weaning
Abstract:
... This study was performed to investigate the influence of maternal and post-weaning rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) addition on growth performance, total tract digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites of lambs. Sixty-six Hu lambs (50 ± 4.3 days of age and 16.4 ± 3.84 kg of body weight [BW], mean ± SD) from 120 Hu ewes (24 ± 4.2 months of age and 44.6 ± 5.43 kg of BW) wer ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114364

5. Effect of dietary sodium butyrate on growth performance, enzyme activities and intestinal proliferation‐related gene expression of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

Author:
Zhou, Chuanpeng; Lin, Heizhao; Huang, Zhong; Wang, Jun; Wang, Yun; Yu, Wei
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2019 v.25 no.6 pp. 1261-1271
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Trachinotus ovatus; alanine transaminase; albumins; amylases; ash content; aspartate transaminase; blood glucose; body weight; cholesterol; condition factor; diet; enzyme activity; feed conversion; fish; gene expression; growth performance; intestines; juveniles; messenger RNA; microvilli; proteinases; sodium butyrate; sodium-potassium-exchanging ATPase; specific growth rate; weight gain
Abstract:
... The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth performance, intestine enzyme activities and intestinal proliferation‐related gene expression of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. A basal diet was supplemented with sodium butyrate at 0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg feed for 8 weeks. The final body weight, weight gain (WG), specific ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12940

6. Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Author:
Costa, Edna S.; França, Carolina N.; Fonseca, Francisco A. H.; Kato, Juliana T.; Bianco, Henrique T.; Freitas, Thiago T.; Fonseca, Henrique A. R.; Figueiredo Neto, Antonio Martins; Izar, Maria Cristina
Source:
The British journal of nutrition 2019 v.121 no.12 pp. 1365-1375
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
amylases; bananas; biomass; blood glucose; body composition; body mass index; body weight; diastolic blood pressure; fasting; food intake; gastric emptying; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hip circumference; homeostasis; hydrolysis; insulin resistance; models; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutritional support; patients; randomized clinical trials; resistant starch; risk; waist circumference
Abstract:
... Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic, characterised as a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders associated with high risk of CVD. Green banana biomass, which is composed of resistant starches (RS) and cannot be hydrolysed by amylases, delays gastric emptying and modulates insulin sensitivity, thus contributing to improve metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate th ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114519000576

7. Effects of pelleted and extruded feed of different ingredients particle sizes on feed quality and growth performance of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio var. CAS V)

Author:
Gao, Shiyang; Jin, Junyan; Liu, Haokun; Han, Dong; Zhu, Xiaoming; Yang, Yunxia; Xie, Shouqi
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 pp. 734236
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Carassius gibelio; amino acids; amylases; blood glucose; bulk density; chymotrypsin; color; diet; extrusion; feed conversion; feed processing; feed quality; fish; free amino acids; gelatinization; granules; growth performance; hardness; ingredients; intestines; microvilli; particle size; pelleted feeds; pelleting; reducing sugars; specific growth rate; starch; sugar content; trypsin; ultrastructure; water solubility; water uptake
Abstract:
... Ten diets with different processing methods (PF: pelleted feed and EF: extruded feed) and different ingredients particle sizes (104, 115, 163, 199 and 260 μm) were examined for their physical characteristics and amino acid composition. This was followed by an 8-week feeding trial to gibel carp (Carassius gibelio var. CAS V) (mean initial weight: 7.11 ± 0.05 g) to evaluate the effects of ingredient ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734236

8. Cashew apple fiber prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice: an NMR metabolomic evaluation

Author:
Carvalho, Diana Valesca; Silva, Lorena Mara Alexandre; Alves Filho, Elenilson Godoy; Santos, Flávia Almeida; Lima, Renan Pereira de; Viana, Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio; Nunes, Paulo Iury Gomes; Fonseca, Said Gonçalves da Cruz; Melo, Tiago Sousa de; Viana, Daniel de Araújo; Gallão, Maria Izabel; Brito, Edy Sousa de
Source:
Food & function 2019 v.10 no.3 pp. 1671-1683
ISSN:
2042-650X
Subject:
abdominal fat; adiponectin; amylases; animal models; appetite; blood glucose; blood serum; carboxylic ester hydrolases; cashew fruit; dietary fiber; digestive enzymes; feces; ghrelin; glucose; high fat diet; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; hypertriglyceridemia; insulin; interleukin-6; leptin; lipid composition; liver; metabolism; metabolomics; mice; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; obesity; satiety; short chain fatty acids; tissue analysis; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Dietary fiber intake plays an important role in the prevention of obesity. This study aimed at investigating the effect of cashew fiber without low molecular weight compounds (CABwc) on obesity prevention and metabolomics in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Mice were fed a chow diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-fat diet supplemented with CABwc (10%) (HFD-CABwc) for 15 weeks. The bo ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8fo01575a

9. Feeding gelatinized carbohydrate in the diets of magur, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758): Effects on growth performance, enzyme activities and expression of muscle regulatory factors

Author:
Talukdar, Avinash; Kumar, Sarvendra; Varghese, Tincy; Jain, Kamal K.; Sahu, Narottam P.; Sahoo, Sujata
Source:
Aquaculture research 2019 v.50 no.3 pp. 765-777
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Clarias batrachus; alanine transaminase; alcohol oxidoreductases; amylases; aspartate transaminase; blood glucose; body fat; catalase; dietary carbohydrate; enzyme activity; fingerlings; gelatinization; gene expression; genes; growth performance; hepatosomatic index; hexokinase; lipogenesis; messenger RNA; muscles; myogenic regulatory factors; protein efficiency ratio; specific growth rate; starch; superoxide dismutase; water content; weight gain
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to illustrate the effect of dietary gelatinized starch (GS) on the growth performance, enzyme activities and expression of MyoD and Myf5 in magur, Clarias batrachus fingerlings. Four iso‐nitrogenous (37%) and iso‐lipidic (6%) diets containing 15% (D‐1), 25% (D‐2), 35% (D‐3) or 45% (D‐4) GS were fed to 240 fingerlings (2.5 ± 0.5 g) in triplicates groups for 8 weeks. The max ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13933

10. Synergistic effects of dietary carbohydrate and taurine on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and glucose metabolism in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Author:
Zhang, Yue; Wei, Zehong; Liu, Guangxia; Deng, Kangyu; Yang, Mengxi; Pan, Mingzhu; Gu, Zhixiang; Liu, Dong; Zhang, Wenbing; Mai, Kangsen
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.499 pp. 32-41
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Scophthalmus maximus; amylases; blood glucose; body weight; carboxylic ester hydrolases; dietary carbohydrate; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; experimental design; gene expression; genes; glucokinase; gluconeogenesis; glucose; glucose 6-phosphate; glucose transporters; glycogen; glycogen (starch) synthase; glycolysis; growth performance; homeostasis; intestines; juveniles; liver; messenger RNA; mitochondria; phosphofructokinases; pyruvate kinase; specific growth rate; synergism; taurine; turbot
Abstract:
... A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and glucose metabolism of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (initial body weight, 3.66 ± 0.02 g) fed diets with different carbohydrate level. With a 2 × 3 two factoral experimental design, two levels of dietary carbohydrate (15% and 21%, respectively) with three levels of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.082

11. Potential of traditionally consumed medicinal herbs, spices, and food plants to inhibit key digestive enzymes geared towards diabetes mellitus management — A systematic review

Author:
Seetaloo, A.D.; Aumeeruddy, M.Z.; Rengasamy Kannan, R.R.; Mahomoodally, M.F.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.120 pp. 3-24
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
adverse effects; amylases; blood glucose; carbohydrates; databases; diabetes mellitus; drugs; enzyme inhibition; food plants; herbs; lipids; medicinal plants; medicine; plant anatomy; spices; systematic review; triacylglycerol lipase
Abstract:
... Diabetes mellitus is a notorious endocrine disorder with a high global prevalence. Currently available drugs to manage such noncommunicable disease and related complications are associated with various adverse effects and discomforts. It has been argued that the use of herbs and spices can inhibit key carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes (amylase, glucosidase, and lipase), thereby regulating b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2018.05.015

12. Taste of glucose elicits cephalic-phase insulin release in mice

Author:
Glendinning, John I.; Lubitz, Gabrielle S.; Shelling, Sarah
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2018 v.192 pp. 200-205
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
acarbose; alpha-glucosidase; amylases; blood glucose; enzyme inhibitors; glucose; insulin; maltodextrins; maltose; mice; mouth; stomach; sucrose; taste
Abstract:
... We reported previously that when C57BL/6 (B6) mice ingest glucose, plasma insulin levels rise above baseline before blood glucose levels do so. This observation led us to speculate that the taste of glucose elicits cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) in mice. Here, we examined the specific contributions of taste and glucose to CPIR. In Experiment 1, we bypassed the mouth and delivered glucose di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.002

13. Effect of exogenous amylase on lactation performance of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet

Author:
Andreazzi, Arturo S.R.; Pereira, Marcos N.; Reis, Ronaldo B.; Pereira, Renata A.N.; Morais Júnior, Nilson N.; Acedo, Tiago S.; Hermes, Rafael G.; Cortinhas, Cristina S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.8 pp. 7199-7207
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; allantoin; amylases; blood; blood glucose; corn; corn silage; dairy cows; diet; digestibility; dry matter intake; excretion; feed conversion; lactating females; lactation; lactose; mastication; milk; milk fat; milk yield; neutral detergent fiber; rumen fermentation; secretion; starch; total mixed rations; urea nitrogen; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Exogenous amylase supplementation can increase starch and fiber digestibility in lactating dairy cows. We evaluated the effect of exogenous amylase supplementation on diets with high starch concentration (32% of dry matter). Twenty-eight Holstein cows (171 ± 80 d in milk, 4 primiparous) received a standard diet for 14 d and then a treatment for 63 d, in a covariate-adjusted randomized block design ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-14331

14. Dietary replacement of fishmeal by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, Linneaus, 1758) Juveniles

Author:
Diógenes, Alexandre Firmino; Castro, Carolina; Miranda, Ana C.; Oliva-Teles, Aires; Peres, Helena
Source:
Aquaculture 2018 v.492 pp. 113-122
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Scophthalmus maximus; alanine transaminase; albumins; amino acids; amylases; blood glucose; body weight; carboxylic ester hydrolases; cholesterol; corn; corn gluten; digestibility; distillers grains; energy; energy content; energy metabolism; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feed intake; fish meal; gluconeogenesis; glycolysis; growth performance; ingredients; intestines; juveniles; lipogenesis; liver; nitrogen; oxidative stress; protein content; proteinases; soybean meal; triacylglycerols; turbot; wheat gluten
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine the potential of corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) to partially replace fishmeal (FM) in practical diets for turbot. For that purpose, a control diet was formulated to include 40% FM and a mixture of plant protein ingredients (soybean meal, corn gluten, and wheat gluten). Three other diets were formulated based on the control but with 10, 17.5, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.04.005

15. Dietary protein:lipid ratio changes growth, digestive enzyme activity, metabolic profile and haematological parameters in hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum × Leiarius marmoratus)

Author:
Campeche, Daniela Ferraz Bacconi; Andrade, Douglas Henrique de Holanda; Souza, Anderson Miranda de; Melo, José Fernando Bibiano; Bezerra, Ranilson de Souza
Source:
Aquaculture research 2018 v.49 no.7 pp. 2486-2494
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Leiarius marmoratus; Pseudoplatystoma corruscans; Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum; amylases; biomass; blood; blood glucose; blood proteins; carboxylic ester hydrolases; carnivores; cholesterol; chymotrypsin; enzyme activity; experimental diets; fish; free amino acids; growth performance; hematocrit; hybrids; intestines; juveniles; metabolites; nutrient utilization; triacylglycerols; trypsin
Abstract:
... Studies investigating improved protein:lipid ratios based on their effects on growth, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activities, blood metabolites and erythogram in tropical carnivorous fish are very scarce. This study evaluated the effect of different protein:lipid ratios on these parameters in the hybrid surubim Pseudoplatystoma corruscans × Leiarius marmoratus. Juvenile fish (8.90 ± 0.9 ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13708

16. Optimizing the Proportions of Plant Protein Ingredients in the Diet of Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Author:
Zhou, Qun‐Lan; Yuan, Wei; Pan, Liangkun; Liu, Bo; Ren, Mingchun; Miao, Linghong; Sun, Ajun; Ge, Xianping
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2018 v.49 no.3 pp. 504-515
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Megalobrama amblycephala; alanine transaminase; amylases; blood glucose; body composition; canola meal; cholesterol; cottonseed meal; diet; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feed intake; growth performance; ingredients; juveniles; liver; protein efficiency ratio; soybean meal; specific growth rate
Abstract:
... An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of different proportions of dietary plant ingredients on the growth of juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was set for this trial with three ratios of cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CM) (2:1, 1:1, or 1:2) and three proportions of soybean meal (SBM) (2, 1, or 0). The results showed ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12493

17. pH- and Amylase-Responsive Carboxymethyl Starch/Poly(2-isobutyl-acrylic acid) Hybrid Microgels as Effective Enteric Carriers for Oral Insulin Delivery

Author:
Liu, Liang; Zhang, Ying; Yu, Shuangjiang; Zhang, Zhen; He, Chaoliang; Chen, Xuesi
Source:
Biomacromolecules 2018 v.19 no.6 pp. 2123-2136
ISSN:
1526-4602
Subject:
adverse effects; amylases; animal disease models; aqueous solutions; biocompatibility; blood glucose; copolymerization; diabetes; drug carriers; drugs; gels; glycemic effect; human cell lines; insulin; intestinal absorption; oral administration; pH; particle size; rats; starch; toxicity testing; transmittance
Abstract:
... Oral delivery of insulin has the potential to revolutionize diabetes care since it is regarded as a noninvasive therapeutic approach without the side effects caused by frequent subcutaneous injection. However, the insulin delivery efficiency through oral route was still limited, likely due to the chemical, enzymatic and absorption barriers. In this study, a novel type of pH- and amylase-responsive ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00215

18. Dietary fibre for glycaemia control: Towards a mechanistic understanding

Author:
Goff, H. Douglas; Repin, Nikolay; Fabek, Hrvoje; El Khoury, Dalia; Gidley, Michael J.
Source:
Bioactive carbohydrates and dietary fibre 2018 v.14 pp. 39-53
ISSN:
2212-6198
Subject:
absorption; acidification; amylases; blood glucose; chemical structure; dietary fiber; digestion; food industry; functional foods; gastric emptying; gastrointestinal system; gelation; glucose; glucose tolerance; human nutrition; hydrolysis; insulin; microvilli; mucosa; nutritional intervention; plant gums; risk; starch; viscosity
Abstract:
... One of the many functional benefits of dietary fibre when present in the human diet is its ability to reduce the rate of absorption of glucose after consumption of high glycaemic carbohydrate-containing foods, leading to a blunted blood glucose response curve and less demand for insulin. Glycaemia control through dietary intervention is of significant importance to those at high risk for Type 2 Di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.005

19. Feeding higher level of de-oiled rice bran causes stress to Labeo rohita fingerlings

Author:
Kumar, Sarvendra; Sahu, N.P.; Shamna, N.; Ranjan, Amit
Source:
Aquaculture 2018 v.484 pp. 184-190
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Labeo rohita; albumins; amylases; blood glucose; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalase; crude protein; diet; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; erythrocytes; fingerlings; glutathione transferase; hemoglobin; lactate dehydrogenase; leukocytes; lipids; nitroblue tetrazolium; oxidative stress; proteinases; rice bran; superoxide dismutase
Abstract:
... A 60-day feeding trial was conducted with different inclusion levels of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) to study the digestive enzyme activity, physio-metabolic changes and oxidative stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein), iso-lipidic (6% crude lipid) and iso-energetic (380.14Kcal/100g) semi-purified diets were prepared with the graded levels of DORB viz. 0 (control) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.11.029

20. Ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds moderates dimethoate-induced pancreatic damage in male rats

Author:
Mesallam, DaliaI. A.; Abdel Hamid, OmaimaI.; Ibrahem, NahlaE.
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2018 v.25 no.4 pp. 3894-3904
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
adults; amylases; antidotes; antioxidants; blood glucose; blood serum; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalase; chronic exposure; dimethoate; fenugreek; glutathione; histology; insulin; interleukin-4; lipid peroxidation; males; pancreas; protective effect; rats; seed extracts; seeds; superoxide dismutase; tissues; toxicity; transforming growth factor beta 1
Abstract:
... Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide known to be toxic to the pancreas. The aim of this study is to detect the possible protective effects of the fenugreek seed ethanolic extract on the biochemical, histological, and ultra-structural abnormalities induced by dimethoate chronic exposure in the pancreas of adult male rats. The study was conducted on 50 adult male albino rats that ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-017-0749-9

21. Glucose homeostasis in the euryhaline crab Cytograpsus angulatus: Effects of the salinity in the amylase, maltase and sucrase activities in the hepatopancreas and in the carbohydrate reserves in different tissues Part B Biochemistry & molecular biology

Author:
Asaro, Antonela; Paggi, Roberto Alejandro; del Valle, Juana Cristina; López Mañanes, Alejandra Antonia
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2018 v.216 pp. 39-47
ISSN:
1096-4959
Subject:
acclimation; alpha-glucosidase; amylases; blood glucose; crabs; enzyme activity; enzyme kinetics; euryhaline species; gills; glucose; glycogen; hepatopancreas; homeostasis; hydrolysis; littoral zone; muscles; pH; salinity; storage organs; sucrose alpha-glucosidase; temperature; tissues
Abstract:
... We studied the existence, biochemical characteristics and response to different environmental salinities of amylase, maltase and sucrase activity in the intertidal euryhaline crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus (Dana, 1852) along with the response to distinct salinities of glycogen and free glucose content in storage organs. Amylase, maltase and sucrase activities were kept over a broad range of pH and te ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.012

22. Anti-diabetic actions of esculentin-2CHa(1–30) and its stable analogues in a diet-induced model of obesity-diabetes

Author:
Vasu, Srividya; Ojo, Opeolu O.; Moffett, R. Charlotte; Conlon, J. Michael; Flatt, Peter R.; Abdel-Wahab, Yasser H. A.
Source:
Amino acids 2017 v.49 no.10 pp. 1705-1717
ISSN:
0939-4451
Subject:
amylases; apoptosis; blood glucose; body weight; bone density; cell proliferation; energy intake; genes; glucagon; glucagon-like peptide 1; glucose tolerance; glycemic control; high fat diet; insulin; insulin resistance; insulin secretion; liver function; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; mice; models; morphometry; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; skeletal muscle; toxicity; weight loss
Abstract:
... Actions of esculentin-2CHa(1–30) (GFSSIFRGVAKFASKGLGKDLAKLGVDLVA) and its analogues, ([D-Arg⁷, D-Lys¹⁵, D-Lys²³]-esculentin-2CHa(1–30) and [Lys¹⁵-octanoate]-esculentin-2CHa(1–30), were evaluated in high-fat fed NIH Swiss mice with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Twice-daily i.p. administration of the esculentin-2CHa(1–30) peptides (75 nmol/kg body weight) or exendin-4 (25 nmol/k ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00726-017-2469-3

23. Dietary available phosphorus requirement for on‐growing gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III)

Author:
Xie, D.; Han, D.; Zhu, X.; Yang, Y.; Jin, J.; Liu, H.; Xie, S.
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2017 v.23 no.5 pp. 1104-1112
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Carassius gibelio; amylases; blood glucose; calcium; carboxylic ester hydrolases; diet; digestibility; energy content; enzyme activity; feed conversion; fish; phosphorus; protein content; sodium-potassium-exchanging ATPase; specific growth rate; triacylglycerols; trypsin; wastes
Abstract:
... A nine‐week feeding experiment was conducted in flow‐through system with gibel carp (43.8 ± 0.2 g) to study the effects of dietary available phosphorus (P) on growth, phosphorous digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities. Seven semipurified diets were formulated to contain 0.8 (the basal), 2.4, 3.6, 6.1, 7.4, 10.1 and 15.8 g available phosphorus kg⁻¹ diet. The results showed that specific gro ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12478

24. Comparison of time-restricted and ad libitum self-feeding on the growth, feeding behavior and daily digestive enzyme profiles of Atlantic salmon

Author:
Shi, Ce; Liu, Ying; Yi, Mengmeng; Zheng, Jimeng; Tian, Huiqin; Du, Yishuai; Li, Xian; Sun, Guoxiang
Source:
Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology 2017 v.35 no.4 pp. 729-736
ISSN:
0254-4059
Subject:
Salmo salar; amylases; blood glucose; carboxylic ester hydrolases; feeding behavior; fish; growth performance; nutrient utilization; pepsin; trypsin
Abstract:
... Although it has been hypothesized that a predictable feeding regime in animals allows physiological variables to be adjusted to maximize nutrient utilization and, hence, better growth performance, the assumption has rarely been tested. This study compares the effects of time-restricted versus free access self-feeding on the growth, feeding behavior and daily digestive enzyme rhythms of Atlantic sa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00343-017-5346-8

25. Cereal processing and glycaemic response

Author:
Sopade, Peter A.
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2017 v.52 no.1 pp. 22-37
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
acidity; amylases; blood glucose; digestibility; extrusion; fermentation; glycemic effect; glycemic index; grains; lipids; models; starch
Abstract:
... Cereals are processed into diverse products using techniques that range from thermal to biotechnological, with different degrees of mechanical and pressure effects, in various moisture systems. Amongst others, cereal processing gelatinises starch, influences its digestibility and modulates glycaemia, and this review concentrates on recent developments on how cereal processing conditions affect the ...
DOI:
10.1111/ijfs.13237

26. Glycemic Response to Corn Starch Modified with Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase and its Relationship to Physical Properties

Author:
Dura, A.; Yokoyama, W.; Rosell, C. M.
Source:
Plant foods for human nutrition 2016 v.71 no.3 pp. 252-258
ISSN:
0921-9668
Subject:
amylases; beta-cyclodextrin; blood glucose; corn starch; cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase; foods; gelatinization temperature; glycemic effect; granules; hydrolysis; mice; modified starch; pasting properties; viscosity
Abstract:
... Corn starch was modified with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) below the gelatinization temperature. The porous granules with or without CGTase hydrolysis products may be used as an alternative to modified corn starches in foods applications. The amount and type of hydrolysis products were determined, containing mainly β-cyclodextrin (CD), which will influence pasting behavior and glycemi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11130-016-0553-6

27. Kafirin microparticle encapsulated sorghum condensed tannins exhibit potential as an anti-hyperglycaemic agent in a small animal model

Author:
Links, Malory R.; Taylor, Janet; Kruger, Marlena C.; Naidoo, Vinny; Taylor, John R.N.
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2016 v.20 pp. 394-399
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
acarbose; amylases; animal models; bitterness; blood glucose; blood serum; digestibility; digestion; functional foods; glycemic effect; hydrolysis; hyperglycemia; insulin; kafirins; proanthocyanidins; rats; small intestine; starch
Abstract:
... In vitro analysis has indicated that sorghum condensed tannins (SCT) survive simulated gastric digestion and inhibit digestive amylases when encapsulated in sorghum kafirin protein microparticles (SCT-KEMS). This study investigated SCT-KEMS as a potential anti-hyperglycaemic nutraceutical agent in vivo. Oral starch tolerance tests were performed on healthy rats. SCT-KEMS prevented a blood glucose ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.015

28. Suppression of Postprandial Glycaemia by L-Arabinose in Rats is More Associated with Starch than Sucrose Ingestion - Short Report

Author:
Jurgoński, Adam; Krotkiewski, Marcin; Juśkiewicz, Jerzy; Billing-Marczak, Katarzyna
Source:
Polish journal of food and nutrition sciences 2015 v.65 no.1 pp. 57-60
ISSN:
2083-6007
Subject:
acarbose; alpha-glucosidase; amylases; aqueous solutions; arabinose; blood glucose; digestion; glucose; glucose tolerance tests; rats; starch; sucrose
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to verify the glycaemia-lowering activity of L-arabinose. The experiment was conducted on 3 individual days, each separated by a week. At the beginning of each week rats were subjected to an oral glucose, sucrose or starch tolerance test. Five minutes prior to each test rats were gavaged with water (a control), an aqueous solution of acarbose (a positive control) and L-ar ...
DOI:
10.1515/pjfns-2015-0001

29. Effects of outdoor temperature on changes in physiological variables before and after lunch in healthy women

Author:
Okada, Masahiro; Kakehashi, Masayuki
Source:
International journal of biometeorology 2014 v.58 no.9 pp. 1973-1981
ISSN:
0020-7128
Subject:
Japanese people; air temperature; amylases; atmospheric pressure; autonomic nervous system; blood glucose; cold; diastolic blood pressure; environmental factors; enzyme activity; fasting; food intake; heart rate; homeostasis; ingestion; lunch; metabolism; patients; relative humidity; satiety; skin temperature; women
Abstract:
... Previous studies of autonomic nervous system responses before and after eating when controlling patient conditions and room temperature have provided inconsistent results. We hypothesized that several physiological parameters reflecting autonomic activity are affected by outdoor temperature before and after a meal. We measured the following physiological variables before and after a fixed meal in ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00484-014-0800-1
PubMed:
24599494
PubMed Central:
PMC4190455

30. Amylase inhibitors and their biomedical applications

Author:
Jayaraj, Sujatha; Suresh, Sukrutha; Kadeppagari, Ravi‐Kumar
Source:
Die Stärke = 2013 v.65 no.7‐8 pp. 535-542
ISSN:
0038-9056
Subject:
amylases; blood glucose; dextrins; diabetes mellitus; digestion; markets; molecular weight; obesity; patients; pest management; starch; sugars
Abstract:
... Amylases are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze starch to yield low molecular weight dextrins and sugars and they play important role in the digestion of carbohydrates. Inhibition of α‐amylase along with α‐glucosidase can significantly reduce the post‐prandial increase of blood glucose and can be an important strategy in the control of blood glucose level in the type‐2 diabetic patients. Hence, pan ...
DOI:
10.1002/star.201200194

31. Feeding time synchronises daily rhythms of behaviour and digestive physiology in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Author:
Montoya, A.; López-Olmeda, J.F.; Yúfera, M.; Sánchez-Muros, M.J.; Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J.
Source:
Aquaculture 2010 v.306 no.1-4 pp. 315-321
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
marine fish; animal behavior; amylases; feeding frequency; biological rhythms; blood glucose; proteinases; diurnal activity; digestion; diurnal variation; Sparus aurata; gastric juice; pH; digestive enzymes; postprandial state; enzyme activity; fish feeding; photoperiod
Abstract:
... Feeding cycles entrain biological rhythms, which enables animals to anticipate feeding times and so maximizes food utilization. In this article the effect of mealtime on locomotor activity, blood glucose, gastric pH and digestive enzymes was studied in two groups of seabream (Sparus aurata): one group received a single daily meal at random times either during the light or the dark (random feeding, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.023

32. Betulinic Acid, a Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoid, Prevents Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Author:
Melo, Clio L. de; Queiroz, Maria Goretti R.; Arruda Filho, Antonio Carlos V.; Rodrigues, Adriana M.; Sousa, Daniel F. de; Almeida, Jose Gustavo L.; Pessoa, Otilia Deusdenia L.; Silveira, Edilberto R.; Menezes, Dalgimar B.; Melo, Tiago S.; Santos, Flavia A.; Rao, Vietla S.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2009 v.57 no.19 pp. 8776–8781
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
high fat diet; leptin; medicinal plants; abdominal fat; carbohydrate metabolism; triterpenoids; medicinal properties; blood lipids; blood glucose; triacylglycerols; mice; insulin; Clusia; lipid metabolism; enzyme activity; cholesterol; animal models; ghrelin; amylases
Abstract:
... In the search for potential antiobese agents from natural sources, this study investigated the effects of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene from Clusia nemorosa L. (Clusiaceae), in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Adult male Swiss mice (n = 8) treated or not with BA (50 mg/L, in drinking water) were fed a HFD during 15 weeks. Mice treated with BA and fed a HFD showed significantly (P < 0 ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf900768w
PubMed:
19754196

33. Effect of diet containing phytate and phytase on the activity and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of carbohydrase and transporter in chickens

Author:
Liu, N.; Ru, Y.J.; Li, F.D.; Cowieson, A.J.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2008 v.86 no.12 pp. 3432-3439
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
feeds; protein transport; application rate; broiler chickens; carbohydrate metabolism; duodenum; glucose; gene expression; jejunum; broiler feeding; adenosinetriphosphatase; sucrose alpha-glucosidase; phytic acid; phytases; messenger RNA; body weight; feed conversion; blood glucose; transcription (genetics); enzyme activity; amylases
Abstract:
... The effect of dietary phytate and phytase on carbohydrase activity and hexose transport was investigated in broiler chickens. Diets containing phytate P (2.2 or 4.4 g/kg) with different phytase dose rates (0, 500, or 1,000 phytase units/kg) were fed to 504 female Cobb chicks for 3 wk. Diets containing high phytate concentrations depressed (P < 0.05) BW and G:F, whereas phytase supplementation impr ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2008-1234

34. Comparison of measurements of 18 analytes in canine and feline blood samples using the in-practice Falcor 350 and the reference KoneLab 30i analysers

Author:
Papasouliotis, K.; Dodkin, S.; Murphy, K.F.; Sladen, A.
Source:
journal of small animal practice 2008 v.49 no.10 pp. 494-501
ISSN:
0022-4510
Subject:
diagnostic techniques; aspartate transaminase; bilirubin; creatinine; reference standards; correlation; serum albumin; alanine transaminase; mineral content; blood lipids; cats; dogs; laboratory equipment; blood glucose; triacylglycerol lipase; accuracy; creatine kinase; urea; amylases; dietary minerals; alkaline phosphatase
Abstract:
... Falcor 350 (A. Menarini Diagnostics) is a wet-reagent biochemistry analyser that is available for in-house use. The aim of this study was to compare the results produced by this analyser with those obtained by a wet-reagent analyser (KoneLab 30i; Thermo Clinical Labsystems) that served as the reference instrument. Blood samples from 120 clinical cases (60 dogs and 60 cats) were analysed for 18 ana ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00587.x

35. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Selective Inhibitor for α-Glucosidases: α-Acarviosinyl-(1 leads to 9)-3-α-D-glucopyranosylpropen

Author:
Lee, Y.S.; Lee, M.H.; Lee, H.S.; Lee, S.J.; Kim, Y.W.; Zhang, R.; Withers, S.G.; Kim, K.S.; Lee, S.J.; Park, K.H.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2008 v.56 no.13 pp. 5324-5330
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
protein synthesis; enzyme inhibitors; enzyme inhibition; alpha-glucosidase; amylases; Thermus; acarbose; blood glucose; in vitro studies
Abstract:
... Here, we describe the enzymatic synthesis of novel inhibitors using acarviosine-glucose as a donor and 3-α-D-glucopyranosylpropen (αGP) as an acceptor. Maltogenic amylase from Thermus sp. (ThMA) catalyzed the transglycosylation of the acarviosine moiety to αGP. The two major reaction products were isolated using chromatographies. Structural analyses revealed that acarviosine was transferred to eit ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf703655k

36. Evolution of serum biochemical indicators in anorexia nervosa patients: a 1-year follow-up study

Author:
Nova, E.; Lopez-Vidriero, I.; Varela, P.; Casas, J.; Marcos, A.
Source:
Journal of human nutrition and dietetics 2008 v.21 no.1 pp. 23-30
ISSN:
0952-3871
Subject:
temporal variation; body mass index; high density lipoprotein; aspartate transaminase; blood lipids; erythrocyte count; biomarkers; body weight; hemoglobin; blood glucose; creatine kinase; patients; lactate dehydrogenase; amylases; enzyme activity; anorexia nervosa; alkaline phosphatase
Abstract:
... Long-term studies on the evolution of serum biochemical indicators in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients during treatment are lacking in the literature. Thus, a 1-year follow-up of serum biochemical parameters in a homogeneous group of AN patients was performed. Fourteen restricting-type AN patients were studied on admission to hospital, after 1 month of inpatient treatment and after 6 and 12 months a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-277X.2007.00833.x
PubMed:
18184391

37. Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dietary Lupin (Lupinus albus var Multolupa) in Chicken Diets

Author:
Viveros, A.; Centeno, C.; Arija, I.; Brenes, A.
Source:
Poultry science 2007 v.86 no.12 pp. 2631-2638
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
abdominal fat; tissue weight; lipemic effect; feed rations; broiler chickens; serum albumin; viscosity; bile salts; broiler feeding; blood lipids; blood glucose; triacylglycerols; forage legumes; animal growth; liver; cholesterol; digesta; pH; amylases; Lupinus albus; globulins
Abstract:
... The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different concentrations of lupin seeds (0, 200, and 400 g/kg), with and without cholesterol added (10 g/kg), in chicken diets on performance, relative liver weight, liver fat, intestinal pH and viscosity, and different blood serum parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total biliary salts, amylase, total protein and albumin, ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2007-00128
PubMed:
18029810

38. The effects of deltamethrin on some serum biochemical parameters in mice [Erratum: 2007 July, v. 88, issue 3, p. 353.]

Author:
Eraslan, G.; Bilgili, A.; Essiz, D.; Akdogan, M.; Sahindokuyucu, F.
Source:
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2007 v.87 no.2 pp. 123-130
ISSN:
0048-3575
Subject:
temporal variation; aspartate transaminase; amylases; blood lipids; electrolytes; alanine transaminase; males; blood glucose; dosage; mice; feed contamination; animal models; creatinine; cholinesterase; deltamethrin; enzyme activity; oral administration; alkaline phosphatase
Abstract:
... Sixty white male mice were used in this study. Three groups, each comprising 20 mice were established. The control group (Group 1) was provided ad libitum pellet feed. On the other hand, the experimental groups, namely, Groups 2 and 3 were given pellet feed containing deltamethrin throughout the day, so that the animals were administered doses of 7.5 and 30 mg/kg/body weight/day, respectively. Blo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.07.001

39. Analysis of canine and feline blood samples using the Kuadro in-house wet-reagent chemistry analyser

Author:
Papasouliotis, K.; Dodkin, S.; Murphy, K.; Woloszczuk, G.; Fleming, M.
Source:
journal of small animal practice 2006 v.47 no.4 pp. 190-195
ISSN:
0022-4510
Subject:
veterinary equipment; blood lipids; serum albumin; bilirubin; amylases; hematologic tests; cats; alanine transaminase; dogs; calcium; blood glucose; chemical analysis; cholesterol; equipment performance; urea; creatinine; phosphates; accuracy; alkaline phosphatase
Abstract:
... Kuadro is a new wet-reagent biochemistry analyser that is available for in-house use. The aim of this study was to compare the results produced by this analyser with those obtained by a wet-reagent analyser (KoneLab 30i) that served as the reference instrument. Blood samples from 80 clinical cases (40 dogs and 40 cats) were analysed for urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, glucose, cholester ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00091.x
PubMed:
16573761

40. Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Author:
Wolf, B.W.; Wolever, T.M.S.; Lai, C.S.; Bolonesi, C.; Radmard, R.; Maharry, K.S.; Garleb, K.A.; Hertzler, S.R.; Firkins, J.L.
Source:
European journal of clinical nutrition 2003 v.57 no.9 pp. 1120-1127
ISSN:
0954-3007
Subject:
amylases; beverages; blood glucose; body mass index; dietary fiber; dietary supplements; females; fructose; galactomannans; glucose; glucose tolerance tests; glycemic effect; glycemic index; guar gum; humans; males; maltodextrins; palatability; test meals; viscosity; volunteers; white bread; Ontario
Abstract:
... Objective: Dietary supplementation with guar gum or fructose has been reported to reduce the postprandial glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge. As a result of the poor palatability of most foods containing guar gum, a novel low-viscosity beverage with guar gum was developed that becomes viscous in vivo through an enzymatic induction. The primary study objective was to determine the effec ...
DOI:
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601652

41. Silibinin, a plant extract with antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties, protects exocrine pancreas from cyclosporin A toxicity

Author:
Schonfeld, J.V.; Weisbrod, B.; Muller, M.K.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 1997 v.53 no.11/12 pp. 917-920
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
Silybum marianum; plant extracts; medicinal properties; pancreas; cyclosporins; toxicity; insulin secretion; amylases; protein secretion; blood glucose

42. Comparative development of digestive organs, intestinal disaccharidases and some blood metabolites in broiler and layer-type chicks after hatching

Author:
Mahagna, M.; Nir, I.
Source:
British poultry science 1996 v.37 no.2 pp. 359-371
ISSN:
0007-1668
Subject:
broiler chickens; chicks; digestive tract; pH; body weight; small intestine; alpha-glucosidase; enzyme activity; blood plasma; metabolites; blood glucose; albumins; calcium; alkaline phosphatase; amylases; lactate dehydrogenase; food intake; feed conversion
Abstract:
... 1. Body weight, digestive organ weights, and activities of disaccharidases (maltase and saccharase) activities were determined from day of hatch to 21 d of age in meat- and egg-type chickens. Blood plasma was analysed for enzyme activities and metabolite concentration. 2. In meat-type chickens food intake and growth rate were about 3-fold those in egg-type chickens. Food efficiency was superior in ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071669608417867
PubMed:
8773845