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1. 3‐D maps of tree canopy geometries at leaf scale: Ecological Archives E090‐019

Author:
Hervé Sinoquet; Sylvain Pincebourde; Boris Adam; Nicolas Donès; Jessada Phattaralerphong; Didier Combes; Stéphane Ploquin; Krissada Sangsing; Poonpipope Kasemsap; Sornprach Thanisawanyangkura; Géraldine Groussier-Bout; JérÔme Casas
Source:
Ecology 2009 v.90 no.1 pp. 283
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
allometry; apples; branches; branching; canopy; data collection; ecophysiology; fruit growing; fruit yield; leaf angle; leaf area; leafminers; leaves; mangoes; microclimate; models; mortality; primary productivity; risk; rubber; trees; walnuts
Abstract:
... The geometrical structure of plant canopies has many implications for plant functioning, microclimatic conditions, and plant‐pathogen/herbivore interactions. Plant geometry can be described at several scales. At the finest scale, canopy structure includes the shape, size, location, and orientation of each organ in the canopy. This data set reports the three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometry of a set of f ...
DOI:
10.1890/08-0179.1

2. A Deep Detection Network Based on Interaction of Instance Segmentation and Object Detection for SAR Images

Author:
Zitong Wu; Biao Hou; Bo Ren; Zhongle Ren; Shuang Wang; Licheng Jiao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.13 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
algorithms; branches; branching; data collection; design; extracts; image analysis; learning; remote sensing; shipping; ships; synthetic aperture radar
Abstract:
... Ship detection is a challenging task for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Ships have arbitrary directionality and multiple scales in SAR images. Furthermore, there is a lot of clutter near the ships. Traditional detection algorithms are not robust to these situations and easily cause redundancy in the detection area. With the continuous improvement in resolution, the traditional algorithms c ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13132582

3. A Multi-Branch Feature Fusion Strategy Based on an Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification

Author:
Cuiping Shi; Xin Zhao; Liguo Wang
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; computer vision; exhibitions; extracts; image analysis; neural networks; problem solving; remote sensing; weight
Abstract:
... In recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision, increasing attention has been paid to remote sensing image scene classification. To improve the classification performance, many studies have increased the depth of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and expanded the width of the network to extract more deep features, thereby increasing the complexity of the model. To solve this pro ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13101950

4. A developmentally based categorization of branching in Trifolium repens L.: influence of nodal roots

Author:
Thomas, R.G.; Hay, M.J.M.; Newton, P.C.D.
Source:
Annals of botany 2002 v.90 no.3 pp. 379-389
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
root systems; Trifolium repens; stolons; branching; internodes; biochemical pathways; rooting; branches; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... This study describes the successive stages of development of branches from axillary buds in fully rooted plants of Trifolium repens grown in near optimal conditions, and the way in which this developmental pathway differs when nodal root formation is prevented as plants grow out from a rooted base. Cuttings of a single genotype were established in a glasshouse with nodal root systems on the two ba ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcf200
PubMed:
12234150
PubMed Central:
PMC4240400

5. A fine-scale architectural model of trees to enhance LiDAR-derived measurements of forest canopy structure

Author:
Jean-François Côté; Richard A. Fournier; Gordon W. Frazer; K. Olaf Niemann
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2012 v.166-167 no. pp. 72-85
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
branches; branching; correlation; forest canopy; forest stands; leaf area; leaves; lidar; models; stand density; stand structure; tree and stand measurements; tree trunk; trees; vegetation
Abstract:
... Forest canopy structure consists of the complex spatial arrangement of the foliage, branches, and boles of trees. Measuring forest canopy structure is an active research question because of its influence on a wide range of biophysical and ecological processes. Light detection and ranging technology (LiDAR), both with airborne and terrestrial instruments, has been used to assess canopy structure an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.06.007

6. A gnotobiotic culture system with oak microcuttings to study specific effects of mycobionts on plant morphology before, and in the early phase of, ectomycorrhiza formation by Paxillus involutus and Piloderma croceum

Author:
S. HERRMANN; J.‐C. MUNCH; F. BUSCOT
Source:
new phytologist 1998 v.138 no.2 pp. 203-212
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; plant development; in vitro culture; root systems; Paxillus involutus; morphogenesis; seedlings; branching; vegetative propagation; leaf area; carbon; Quercus robur; branches; plant cuttings; roots; shoots
Abstract:
... Homogeneously developed oak (Quercus robur L.) microcuttings were challenged in a Petri‐dish system with the mycobionts Piloderma croceum J. Erikss. & Hjortst. and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. Non‐destructive observations over 10 wk followed by d. wt measurements at the end of the assays served to precisely characterize root and shoot development, dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization and morpho ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00105.x

7. A model for nonlinear flow behavior in two-dimensional fracture intersections and the estimation of flow model coefficients

Author:
Zhechao Wang; Jie Liu; Liping Qiao; Jinjin Yang; Jiafan Guo; Kanglin Li
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2022 v.30 no.3 pp. 865-879
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
Reynolds number; branches; branching; fluids; hydrogeology; journals; nonlinear models; rocks
Abstract:
... There are multiple flow paths with different flow directions in fracture intersections. A general flow model synthetically describing the nonlinear flow behavior of multiple flow paths in different directions in two-dimensional fracture intersections was proposed for the analysis of fluid flow in rock fracture networks. The flow behavior of seven typical fracture intersection models, according to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-022-02453-0

8. A new approach for augmenting branching of nursery trees and its comparison with other methods

Author:
Ersin Atay; Fatma Koyuncu
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2013 v.160 pp. 345-350
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
apples; branches; branching; intensive cropping; leaf area; orchards; tree trunk; trees
Abstract:
... Well-branched nursery trees have a significant impact on early cropping for intensive apple orchards. This study has been carried out to determine the most convenient branching treatments by using the plant material of ‘Mondial Gala’/M.9 nursery trees. Five treatments including control, T budding+PR, knipboom(50), knipboom(70) and fruitful tree (a new approach) were assessed for branching effects. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2013.06.025

9. A new basal euphyllophyte, Pauthecophyton gen. nov., from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Yunnan, China

Author:
Jin-Zhuang Xue; Shou-Gang Hao; Xiao Zhu; De-Ming Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2012 v.183 no. pp. 9-20
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
branches; branching; dehiscence; exine; new genus; new species; paleobotany; phytogeography; plant taxonomy; sporangia; spores; China
Abstract:
... Pauthecophyton gracile gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation near Zhichang Village of Wenshan District, southeastern Yunnan, China. This plant consists of pseudomonopodially and dichotomously branched main axes and lateral branches. Some laterals are pseudomonopodially divided producing three to four times dichotomously branched systems terminating i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.07.009

10. A new sampling method in the Zagros forests using GIS (case study: Ilam forests of Iran)

Author:
A. Karamshahi
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2019 v.30 no.6 pp. 2079-2085
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
branches; branching; canopy; case studies; forest inventory; forest management; forests; geographic information systems; planning; sampling; t-test; trees; Iran
Abstract:
... One of the basic parameters in forest management planning is detailed knowledge of growing stock, information collected by forest inventory. Sampling methods must be accurate, inexpensive, and be easy to implement in the field. This study presents a new sampling method called branching transect for use in the Iranian Zagros forests and similar forests. Features of the new method include greater ac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-018-0781-8

11. A new species of Adoketophyton from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, China

Author:
Xiao Zhu; Jin-Zhuang Xue; Shou-Gang Hao; De-Ming Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2011 v.164 no.3-4 pp. 238-246
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
branches; branching; convergent evolution; new species; paleobotany; plant taxonomy; sporangia; China
Abstract:
... A new species of early vascular plant, Adoketophyton parvulum sp. nov., is described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, China. The plant is composed of main axes, lateral vegetative branches and isotomous or anisotomous fertile axes. The vegetative axes branch isotomously or pseudomonopodially in three dimensions, with some laterals ending in terminal circinately co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.01.003

12. A positive approach to branching

Author:
Bart J Janssen; Revel SM Drummond; Susan E Ledger; Kimberley C Snowden
Source:
Plant signaling & behavior 2010 v.5 no.4 pp. 422-424
ISSN:
1559-2324
Subject:
plant development; plant hormones; lactones; meristems; branching; signal transduction; translocation (plant physiology); biochemical pathways; environmental factors; carotenoids; branches; roots; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Plants regulate the development of branches in response to environmental and developmental signals in order to maximise reproductive success. A number of hormone signals are involved in the regulation of branching and both their production and transmission affect axillary meristem outgrowth. With the identification of strigolactones as root-derived branch inhibitors it seems likely that a biochemi ...
DOI:
10.4161/psb.5.4.10846
PubMed:
20118665
PubMed Central:
PMC7080421

13. A quantitative study of lateral branching in petunia

Author:
Snowden, Kimberley C.; Napoli, Carolyn A.
Source:
Functional plant biology 2003 v.30 no.9 pp. 987-994
ISSN:
1445-4408
Subject:
Petunia hybrida; branches; branching; buds; flowering; flowers; mutants; phenotype; shoots
Abstract:
... The monopodial shoot axis of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm) has two different patterns of branch development. Basal lateral branching develops acropetally and is limited to a discrete number of nodes that correlate with the late rosette phase of growth (Zone II). Two zones of suppressed buds immediately precede and follow this zone of branching. Apical branching occurs in response to flowering, de ...
DOI:
10.1071/FP03081

14. A reinvestigation of the Cladoxylopsid Pseudosporochnus nodosus Leclercq et Banks from the middle Devonian of Goe, Belgium

Author:
Berry, C.M.; Fairon-Demaret, M.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.3 pp. 350-372
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
branching; branches; plant morphology; paleobotany; Belgium
DOI:
10.1086/297447

15. A review of Lembophyllum Lindb. (Bryopsida: Lembophyllaceae)

Author:
R. S. Tangney
Source:
Journal of bryology 2008 v.30 no.1 pp. 41-47
ISSN:
1743-2820
Subject:
branches; branching; bryology; ecology; journals; leaves; planting
Abstract:
... A review of the Australasian genus Lembophyllum is presented. The two species recognized, L. clandestinum and L. divulsum, are illustrated and a key is provided, along with an evaluation of the characters that separate them and notes on their ecology and distribution. L. divulsum differs from L. clandestinum in being a smaller plant, with narrower branches. L. divulsum has leaves that are as wide ...
DOI:
10.1179/174328208X282210

16. A study of branching patterns in Bazzania (Jungermanniales, Lepidoziaceae)

Author:
David Meagher
Source:
Polish Botanical Journal 2013 v.58 no.2 pp. 481-489
ISSN:
2084-4352
Subject:
branches; branching; mosses and liverworts; siblings
Abstract:
... Branching patterns in the leafy liverwort genus Bazzania Gray were investigated in twenty-five Australasian species. Terminal branching was found to be neither consistently sinistrorse nor consistently dextrorse, and neither consistently homodromous nor consistently antidromous. Microphyllous ventral-intercalary branches arising from stems usually have ‘siblings’ arising from main branches. The pr ...
DOI:
10.2478/pbj-2013-0042

17. A thorny issue: Woody plant defence and growth in an East African savanna

Author:
Benjamin J. Wigley; Corli Coetsee; David J. Augustine; Jayashree Ratnam; Dawood Hattas; Mahesh Sankaran
Source:
journal of ecology 2019 v.107 no.4 pp. 1839-1851
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
branches; branching; browsing; canopy; chemical defenses; herbivores; leaves; mammals; nitrogen; nutrition; plant growth; savannas; secondary metabolites; woody plants; Kenya
Abstract:
... Recent work suggests that savanna woody plant species utilise two different strategies based on their defences against herbivory; a low nutrient/high chemical defence strategy and a nutrition paired with mostly architectural defences strategy. The concept that chemical and structural defences can augment each other and do not necessarily trade‐off has emanated from this work. In this study, we exa ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.13140

18. A tomato strigolactone-impaired mutant displays aberrant shoot morphology and plant interactions

Author:
Koltai, Hinanit; LekKala, Sivarama P.; Bhattacharya, Chaitali; Mayzlish-Gati, Einav; Resnick, Nathalie; Wininger, Smadar; Dor, Evgenya; Yoneyama, Kaori; Yoneyama, Koichi; Hershenhorn, Joseph; Joel, Daniel M.; Kapulnik, Yoram
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 2010 v.61 no.6 pp. 1739-1749
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
tomatoes; plant growth; rice; Arabidopsis; mycorrhizal fungi; Solanum lycopersicum; peas; plant hormones; branching; Orobanche; scions; rootstocks; mutants; Rhizophagus intraradices; species diversity; branches; plant morphology; roots; parasitic plants; shoots
Abstract:
... Strigolactones are considered a new group of plant hormones. Their role as modulators of plant growth and signalling molecules for plant interactions first became evident in Arabidopsis, pea, and rice mutants that were flawed in strigolactone production, release, or perception. The first evidence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) of strigolactone deficiency is presented here. Sl-ORT1, previously id ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/erq041
PubMed:
20194924
PubMed Central:
PMC2852664

19. A whole calamitacean plant Palaeostachya guanglongii from the Asselian (Permian) Taiyuan Formation in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Li Liu; Josef Pšenička; Jiří Bek; Mingli Wan; Hermann W. Pfefferkorn; Jun Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2021 v.294 pp. 104245
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Asselian age; bracts; branches; branching; leaves; new species; phenotypic plasticity; sporangia; spores; swamps; volcanic ash; wood; China
Abstract:
... A new whole-plant species of a calamitacean, Palaeostachya guanglongii sp. nov., is described in a volcanic ash bed from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, North China. It was an approximately 2–3 m high shrub-like plant growing in a peat-forming swamp. It is characterized by three-orders of axes. The stem (first-order axis) bifurcates, resulting in two equal-sized majo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104245

20. Accumulation rate of ABA in detached maize roots correlates with root water potential regardless of age and branching order

Author:
Simonneau, T.; Barrieu, P.; Tardieu, F.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1998 v.21 no.11 pp. 1113-1122
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
abscisic acid; air drying; branches; branching; corn; drought; models; root tips; root water potential; shoots; water content
Abstract:
... How much ABA can be supplied by the roots is a key issue for modelling the ABA-mediated influence of drought on shoot physiology. We quantified accumulation rates of ABA (SABA) in maize roots that were detached from well-watered plants and dehydrated to various extents by air-drying. SABA was estimated from changes in ABA content in root segments incubated at constant relative water content (RWC). ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00344.x

21. Accurate Instance Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images via Adaptive and Dynamic Feature Learning

Author:
Feng Yang; Xiangyue Yuan; Jie Ran; Wenqiang Shu; Yue Zhao; Anyong Qin; Chenqiang Gao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; image analysis; models; prediction; remote sensing; sampling; shape; surfaces
Abstract:
... Instance segmentation for high-resolution remote sensing images (HRSIs) is a fundamental yet challenging task in earth observation, which aims at achieving instance-level location and pixel-level classification for instances of interest on the earth’s surface. The main difficulties come from the huge scale variation, arbitrary instance shapes, and numerous densely packed small objects in HRSIs. In ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13234774

22. Adaptation of Growth Form in Echium Leucophaeum (Boraginaceae)

Author:
Kornelius Lems; Christina M. Holzapfel
Source:
Ecology 1971 v.52 no.3 pp. 499-506
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Echium; altitude; branches; branching; climate; ecotypes; evaporation; flowering; fruiting; gardens; periodicity; physiological response; rain; sea level; seedlings; temperature; wind speed; woody plants; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Ecotype formation in eight populations of Echium leucophaeum was studied on La Palma (Canary Islands) at 100—m intervals from sea level to 600 m elevation. Climate varied with altitude, the lower elevation having higher temperatures, evaporation, and wind velocity and lower rainfall. A method for recording growth form of individual plants was developed whereby lateral branch production and branchi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937633

23. Agent-based modelling of clonal plant propagation across space: Recapturing fairy rings, power laws and other phenomena

Author:
Sanders Wong; Madhur Anand; Chris T. Bauch
Source:
Ecological informatics 2011 v.6 no.2 pp. 127-135
ISSN:
1574-9541
Subject:
branches; branching; clones; dieback; plant propagation; population density; simulation models
Abstract:
... Many plants reproduce clonally through vegetative extensions (spacers). This results in a patch of clones connected through a network of spacers. The resulting network has a nontrivial spatial pattern that can be an important determinant of survival and fitness of the clonal plant. Here, we develop general growth rules that dictate how individual clones under local density-dependent conditions add ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.11.004

24. Allometric equations based on a fractal branching model for estimating aboveground biomass of four native tree species in the Philippines

Author:
Santos Martin, F.; Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M.; Mulia, R.; van Noordwijk, M.
Source:
Agroforestry systems 2010 v.78 no.3 pp. 193-202
ISSN:
0167-4366
Subject:
Shorea; model validation; Vitex; nondestructive methods; shoots; Artocarpus heterophyllus; leaves; Pterocarpus indicus; forest trees; diameter; equations; aerial parts; spatial variation; branches; dry matter partitioning; plant architecture; allometry; branching; indigenous species; Philippines
Abstract:
... Fractal branching models can provide a non-destructive and generic tool for estimating tree shoot and root length and biomass, but field validation is rarely described in the literature. We compared estimates of above ground tree biomass for four indigenous tree used on farm in the Philippines based on the WanFBA model tree architecture with data from destructive sampling. Allometric equations for ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10457-009-9271-5

25. An architectural approach to the growth forms of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae) along an altitudinal gradient

Author:
Stecconi, Marina; Puntieri, Javier G.; Barthelemy, Daniel
Source:
Botany 2010 v.88 no.8 pp. 699–709
ISSN:
1916-2804
Subject:
forest trees; shrubs; montane forests; plant architecture; diameter; geographical variation; branching; internodes; height; treeline; altitude; branches; Nothofagus pumilio; Argentina
DOI:
10.1139/B10-040

26. An architectural model of trees to estimate forest structural attributes using terrestrial LiDAR

Author:
Jean-François Côté; Richard A. Fournier; Richard Egli
Source:
Environmental modelling & software 2011 v.26 no.6 pp. 761-777
ISSN:
1364-8152
Subject:
algorithms; allometry; branches; branching; computer software; conifers; environmental models; forest canopy; forests; leaves; lidar; trees; wind
Abstract:
... Terrestrial lidar (TLiDAR) has been used increasingly over recent years to assess tree architecture and to extract metrics of forest canopies. Analysis of TLiDAR data remains a difficult task mainly due to the effects of object occlusion and wind on the quality of the retrieved results. We propose to link TLiDAR and tree structure attributes by means of an architectural model. The proposed methodo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.008

27. Analysis of branching in spring-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus L.): the significance of the number of axillary buds

Author:
Munier-Jolain, N.M.; Ney, B.; Duthion, C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1996 v.77 no.2 pp. 123-131
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Lupinus albus; plant development; branching; buds; branches; plant density; plant morphology; leaves; photoperiod; air temperature; dry matter accumulation; sowing date; genotype; France
Abstract:
... Plant density and sowing date were shown to affect branching in spring-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), but the response varied among environments. The patterns of primary and secondary branching in the cv. Lublanc were studied as a function of both the number of axillary buds and the plant growth rate. Field experiments that used a wide range of sowing dates and plant densities to alter plant ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0014

28. Analysis of the 'A72' Peach Tree Growth Habit and Its Inheritance in Progeny Obtained from Crosses of 'A72' with Columnar Peach Trees

Author:
Hu, Dongyan; Scorza, Ralph
Source:
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2009 v.134 no.2 pp. 236-243
ISSN:
0003-1062
Subject:
tree growth; cultivars; plant breeding; flowering; peaches; plant architecture; pleiotropy; branching; phenology; Prunus persica; genotype; gene segregation; branches; incomplete dominance
Abstract:
... Since the first report of the 'A72' semidwarf peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree in 1975, no new information has become available on this genotype. We evaluated the growth habit and verified the inheritance of 'A72' in a population of 220 progeny derived from self-pollination. Detailed tree and branch measurements revealed a unique forked-branch (FBR) character of the 'A72' (Nn) phenotype. Th ...
Handle:
10113/32626

29. Analysis of the DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE Genes of Petunia in the Control of Axillary Branching

Author:
Simons, Joanne L.; Napoli, Carolyn A.; Janssen, Bart J.; Plummer, Kim M.; Snowden, Kimberley C.
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.143 no.2 pp. 697-706
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Petunia hybrida; apical dominance; branches; branching; flowering; gene expression; genes; germination; grafting (plants); mutants; phenotype; plant architecture; roots; shoots
Abstract:
... Control of branch development is a major determinant of architecture in plants. Branching in petunia (Petunia hybrida) is controlled by the DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE (DAD) genes. Gene functions were investigated by plant grafting, morphology studies, double-mutant characterization, and gene expression analysis. Both dad1-1 and dad3 increased branching mutants can be reverted to a near-wild-type p ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.087957
PubMed:
17158589
PubMed Central:
PMC1803742

30. Analytical methodology for multidimensional size/branch-length distributions for branched glucose polymers using off-line 2-dimensional size-exclusion chromatography and enzymatic treatment

Author:
Francisco Vilaplana; Robert G. Gilbert
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2011 v.1218 no.28 pp. 4434-4444
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
amylopectin; amylose; biosynthesis; branches; branching; enzymatic treatment; gel chromatography; glucose; glycogen; hydrodynamics; isoamylase; light scattering; polymers; refractive index
Abstract:
... Instrumental and procedural optimizations are developed for a new method to obtain 2-dimensional distributions for branched homopolymers based on size and branching. The method uses 2-dimensional off-line size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and chemical debranching, in this case using debranching enzymes on branched glucose polymers. This treatment, first presented for the 2D weight and number dis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.027

31. Antitermitic activity of extracts from Chamaecyparis obtusa branch heartwood

Author:
Takuya Morikawa; Tatsuya Ashitani; Hisayoshi Kofujita; Koetsu Takahashi
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2014 v.72 no.5 pp. 651-657
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Chamaecyparis obtusa; Reticulitermes speratus; antifeedants; antifeeding activity; branches; branching; ethyl acetate; heartwood; lignans; methanol; sesquiterpenoids
Abstract:
... The antitermitic activity of extracts from the branch heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) against Japanese termites (Reticulitermes speratus) was compared with that of the trunk. Samples of branch and trunk heartwood were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol successively. n-Hexane extracts of branch and trunk heartwood were strongly antitermitic, and branch heartwood contain ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-014-0830-8

32. Aphids at crossroads: when branch architecture alters aphid infestation patterns in the apple tree

Author:
Sylvaine Simon; Karine Morel; Emilie Durand; Géraldine Brevalle; Thierry Girard; Pierre-Éric Lauri
Source:
Trees 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 273-282
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Dysaphis plantaginea; apples; branches; branching; fruit growing; pests; plant architecture; plant growth; shoots; spring; trees
Abstract:
... Plant architecture highly constrains pest infestation but is rarely considered in studies on plant–insect interactions. We analysed the relationships between apple tree architectural traits manipulated by tree training and within-branch development of Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid, RAA), a major apple pest, during its multiplication wingless phase in spring. We hypothesised that the degre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-011-0629-8

33. Apical control of branch growth and angle in woody plants

Author:
Wilson, B.F.
Source:
American journal of botany 2000 v.87 no.5 pp. 601-607
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
apical meristems; nutrient transport; buds; stem form; plant growth substances; branching; age; apical dominance; photosynthesis; woody plants; gravity; dormancy; branches; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Apical control is the inhibition of a lateral branch growth by shoots above it (distal shoots). If the distal shoots are cut off to remove apical control, the lateral branch can grow larger and may bend upwards. Apical control starts when new lateral buds grow after passing through a period of dormancy. Buds initially break and produce leaves, then apical control is exerted and the lower (proximal ...
PubMed:
10811784

34. Apical dominance as an adaptation in Verbascum thapsus: effects of water and nutrients on branching

Author:
Lortie, C.J.; Aarssen, L.W.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.4 pp. 461-464
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
Verbascum thapsus; nutrient availability; branching; plant characteristics; height; apical dominance; length; NPK fertilizers; branches
DOI:
10.1086/297456

35. Apple rootstock effect on the quality of planting material

Author:
Kviklys, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2004 no.658 pp. 641-645
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; branches; branching; cultivars; horticulture; planting; rootstocks; seedlings; trees; vigor
Abstract:
... In 1999-2001, at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, the effects of apple rootstocks M.26Vf, M.26, MM.106Vf, MM.106, B.118, B.396, P 60, P 22 and Antonovka seedlings on the quality of one-year-old planting material were studied. Ten apple cultivars were included in the trial. The influence of rootstock on tree height, stem diameter, lateral branching and spur formation and branch length was ...

36. Apple shoot architecture: evidence for strong variability of bud size and composition and hydraulics within a branching zone

Author:
Pierre‐Éric Lauri; Guillaume Bourdel; Catherine Trottier; Hervé Cochard
Source:
new phytologist 2008 v.178 no.4 pp. 798-807
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Malus domestica; appendages; apples; branches; branching; buds; cultivars; fluid mechanics; growing season; leaves; sap; shoots; trees
Abstract:
... • In the apple tree (Malus domestica), shoot architecture – the distribution of lateral bud types and growth along the parent shoot – has been extensively investigated. The distal zone of a shoot is characterized by a high proportion of vegetative or floral axillary branches mixed with latent buds and aborted laterals. The hypothesis tested here was that bud development was related to hydraulic co ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02416.x
PubMed:
18346105

37. Application of L-systems to geometrical construction of chamise and juniper shrubs

Author:
Dallan R. Prince; Marianne E. Fletcher; Chen Shen; Thomas H. Fletcher
Source:
Ecological modelling 2014 v.273 pp. 86-95
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
Adenostoma fasciculatum; Juniperus osteosperma; branches; branching; bulk density; combustion; fire spread; fires; fuel bed; fuels; leaves; models; shrubs; trees
Abstract:
... Improved models of fire spread and fire characteristics are desired for live shrub fuels, since the majority of existing research efforts focus on either dead fuel beds or crown fires in trees. Efforts have been made to improve live fuel modeling, including detailed studies of individual leaf combustion, with results incorporated into a shrub combustion model for broadleaf species. However, this a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.11.001

38. Arabidopsis Inositol Polyphosphate 6-/3-Kinase (AtIpk2β) Is Involved in Axillary Shoot Branching via Auxin Signaling

Author:
Zhang, Zai-Bao; Yang, Guang; Arana, Fernando; Chen, Zhen; Li, Yan; Xia, Hui-Jun
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.144 no.2 pp. 942-951
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; branches; branching; buds; genes; indole acetic acid; inositol phosphates; metabolism; mutants; myo-inositol; shoots
Abstract:
... The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase gene (AtIpk2β) is known to participate in inositol phosphate metabolism. However, little is known about its physiological functions in higher plants. Here, we report that AtIpk2β regulates Arabidopsis axillary shoot branching. By overexpressing AtIpk2β in the wild type and mutants, we found that overexpression of AtIpk2β lea ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.092163
PubMed:
17434984
PubMed Central:
PMC1914203

39. Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40-year-old Picea abies on strongly acidified soils in the Harz Mountains (Germany)

Author:
Drexhage, M.; Gruber, F.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1998 v.28 no.1 pp. 13-22
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
microhabitats; height; water uptake; roots; shoots; nutrient uptake; Picea abies; length; root shoot ratio; forest decline; diameter; plant characteristics; stand density; branches; biomass; dry matter partitioning; root systems; acid soils; branching; conifer needles; Germany
Abstract:
... Altogether 15 root systems, five at each of three plots (north- and south-facing slopes and plateau), of 40-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees with different symptoms of forest decline were excavated down to a root diameter of 0.5 cm. The object was to investigate the variability of root morphology and to assess the influence of environmental variation on the architecture of the woody root sys ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-181

40. Assessing internal epicormic dynamics in Quercus alba L. using CT scanning: the strong effects of shoot development and tree growth relative to progeny level genetic variation

Author:
Andrew Meier; Mike R. Saunders
Source:
Trees 2013 v.27 no.4 pp. 865-877
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Quercus alba; branches; branching; computed tomography; genetic variation; models; ontogeny; progeny; shoots; tree growth; trees; vigor; United States
Abstract:
... Epicormic branches can be a serious silvicultural problem in many Quercus species because of the potential reduction in log value associated with their occurrence. The phenomenon is also problematic for tree improvement since the genetic component of epicormic branching has not been well quantified. The strong influence of ontogeny on epicormic development in Quercus is well established; however, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-013-0840-x

41. Assessing variability in root traits of wild Lupinus angustifolius germplasm: basis for modelling root system structure

Author:
Ying Long Chen; Vanessa M. Dunbabin; Art J. Diggle; Kadambot H. M. Siddique; Zed Rengel
Source:
Plant and soil 2012 v.354 no.1-2 pp. 141-155
ISSN:
0032-079X
Subject:
Lupinus angustifolius; branches; branching; cluster analysis; crops; developmental stages; domestication; edaphic factors; genotype; germplasm; models; principal component analysis; root systems; roots
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intra-specific variation in root system architecture and consequent efficiency of resource capture by major crops has received recent attention. The aim of this study was to assess variability in a number of root traits among wild genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), to provide a basis for modelling of root structure. METHODS: A subset of 111 genotypes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11104-011-1050-1

42. Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers

Author:
F. Douglas Shields Jr.; Carlos V. Alonso
Source:
Water Resources Research 2012 v.48 no.4 pp. 1-16
Subject:
bark; branches; branching; drag coefficient; ecology; rivers; roughness; steady flow; stream flow; streams; submergence; wind tunnels; wood
Abstract:
... Large wood (LW) exerts an important influence on the geomorphology and ecology of streams and rivers. The magnitudes of flow forces on LW are needed to support stream management activities and are typically computed using time mean lift and drag coefficients determined in laboratory flumes using small, smooth cylinders. Herein we report measurements of forces on LW of varying complexity (simple cy ...
Handle:
10113/58924
DOI:
10.1029/2011WR011547

43. Assimilation, Partitioning, and Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sweet Compared with Grain Sorghum

Author:
D. M. Vietor; F. R. Miller
Source:
Crop science 1990 v.30 no.5 pp. 1109-1115
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbon dioxide; hybrids; grain crops; branches; photosynthates; gas exchange; branching; net assimilation rate; leaf area; gibberellic acid; maturity stage; defoliation; Sorghum bicolor; genetic variation; sweet sorghum
Abstract:
... Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in stems are greater for sweet than grain sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Knowledge of plant characteristics associated with high nonstructural carbohydrates in sweet sorghum will aid efforts to increase nonstructural carbohydrates in grain sorghum stems. This study tested the hypothesis that variation of CO₂ assimilation rate, leaf area, branching ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000050030x

44. AtMBD9 modulates Arabidopsis development through the dual epigenetic pathways of DNA methylation and histone acetylation

Author:
Yaish, Mahmoud W.F.; Peng, Mingsheng; Rothstein, Steven J.
Source:
Plant journal 2009 v.59 no.1 pp. 123-135
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA; DNA methylation; acetylation; branches; branching; buds; epigenetics; flowering; flowers; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; histones; loci; mutation; phenotype; regulator genes; signal transduction; transcription factors
Abstract:
... Mutations within the Arabidopsis METHYL-CpG BINDING DOMAIN 9 gene (AtMBD9) cause pleotropic phenotypes including early flowering and multiple lateral branches. Early flowering was previously attributed to the repression of flowering locus C (FLC) due to a reduction in histone acetylation. However, the reasons for other phenotypic variations remained obscure. Recent studies suggest an important fun ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03860.x
PubMed:
19419532

45. AtMBD9: a protein with a methyl-CpG-binding domain regulates flowering time and shoot branching in Arabidopsis

Author:
Peng, Mingsheng; Cui, Yuhai; Bi, Yong-Mei; Rothstein, Steven J.
Source:
plant journal 2006 v.46 no.2 pp. 282-296
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA methylation; DNA-binding domains; acetylation; alleles; auxins; biochemical pathways; branches; branching; buds; chromatin; flowering; gene expression; loci; mutants; mutation; phenotype; shoots; transfer DNA; wild plants
Abstract:
... The functional characterization of mammalian proteins containing a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) has revealed that MBD proteins can decipher the epigenetic information encoded by DNA methylation, and integrate DNA methylation, modification of chromatin structure and repression of gene expression. The Arabidopsis genome has 13 putative genes encoding MBD proteins, and no specific biological funct ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02691.x
PubMed:
16623890

46. Auxin and cytokinin related gene expression during active shoot growth and latent bud paradormancy in Vitis riparia grapevine

Author:
Dong He; Kathy Mathiason; Anne Fennell
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 2012 v.169 no.6 pp. 643-648
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
Vitis riparia; amidase; auxins; branches; branching; buds; canopy; cytokinins; decapitation; gene expression; genes; histones; leaves; meristems; monitoring; shoots; summer; transporters
Abstract:
... Cultural practices for canopy management in grapevines rely on intensive manipulation of shoot architecture to maintain canopy light levels. In contrast to common model plant systems used to study regulation of branch outgrowth, the grapevine has a more complex architecture. The node contains first, second and third order axillary meristems. The prompt bud (N+1) develops into a summer lateral and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.001
PubMed:
22321693

47. Auxin levels and MAX1–4 and TAC1 gene expression in different growth habits of peach

Author:
Thomas Tworkoski; Kevin Webb; Ann Callahan
Source:
Plant growth regulation 2015 v.77 no.3 pp. 279-288
ISSN:
0167-6903
Subject:
Prunus persica; auxins; branches; branching; breeding; budbreak; gene expression; genes; genotype; greenhouses; mechanism of action; orchards; peaches; pruning; roots; shoots; temporal variation; tree growth; trees
Abstract:
... Branch orientation and distribution determine tree architecture that can influence orchard design and management. Peach [Prunus persica L. (Batch)] trees with three different branching genotypes were evaluated: fewer, nearly vertical branches (pillar), less vertical and more spreading branches (upright), and more abundant, least vertical branches (standard). Auxin concentrations and expression of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10725-015-0062-x

48. BIFURCATE FLOWER TRUSS: a novel locus controlling inflorescence branching in tomato contains a defective MAP kinase gene

Author:
Demetryus Silva Ferreira; Zoltan Kevei; Tomasz Kurowski; Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca; Fady Mohareb; Leonardo S Boiteux; Andrew J Thompson
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 2018 v.69 no.10 pp. 2581-2593
ISSN:
1460-2431
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA; Solanum galapagense; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; alleles; amino acid sequences; branches; branching; flowers; genetic lines; introgression; leucine; loci; mitogen-activated protein kinase; mutants; mutation; stop codon; temperature; tomatoes; Galapagos Islands
Abstract:
... A mutant line, bifurcate flower truss (bif), was recovered from a tomato genetics programme. Plants from the control line produced a mean of 0.16 branches per truss, whereas the value for bif plants was 4.1. This increase in branching was accompanied by a 3.3-fold increase in flower number and showed a significant interaction with exposure to low temperature during truss development. The control l ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/ery076
PubMed:
29509915
PubMed Central:
PMC5920302

49. Bank branch deposit competitiveness and deposit growth: Granular data and a new measure of competitiveness

Author:
Joshua Cave; Kevin Keasey; Danilo V. Mascia
Source:
Economics letters 2022 v.210 pp. 110174
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
banking; branches; branching; market structure; research policy
Abstract:
... We investigate the relationship between deposit growth and branch deposit competitiveness. We introduce a new measure of competitiveness focused at the branch level that utilizes granular product data. We find more competitive branches have higher rates of deposit growth that vary across product types and local market structures. The new measure of competitiveness at the branch level is intended t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110174

50. BdVIL4 regulates flowering time and branching through repressing miR156 in ambient temperature dependent way in Brachypodium distachyon

Author:
Yanrong An; Yuyu Guo; Chengcheng Liu; Hailong An
Source:
Plant physiology and biochemistry 2015 v.89 pp. 92-99
ISSN:
0981-9428
Subject:
Brachypodium distachyon; RNA; RNA interference; ambient temperature; branches; branching; flowering; genes; proteins; tissues; vernalization
Abstract:
... Responsing to environmental signals, VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 (VIN3) family proteins are involved in plant development control by repressing the target genes epigenecticly together with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) complex. BdVIL4 is a VIN3 like gene in Brachypodium distachyon, preferentially expressed in young tissues spatially. The RNAi plants were constructed to study the function of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.013

51. Benzyladenine Increases Branching of Herbaceous Perennials

Author:
Latimer, J.G.; Freeborn, J.; Groover, V.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2011 v. no.886 pp. 163-166
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Buddleja; Clematis jackmanii; Coreopsis; Echinacea purpurea; Phlox paniculata; Vinca minor; benzyladenine; branches; branching; cultivars; floriculture crops; foliar spraying; perennials; shoots
Abstract:
... Many of the herbaceous perennials, especially the newer cultivars of Echinacea, are poorly branching, slow to fill out the pot, and produce few propagules. Configure (6-BA, Fine Americas, Inc.), a new product recently labeled for branching of floricultural crops, was evaluated on a variety of perennials over two seasons. Configure was applied once as a foliar spray at rates of 0, 300, 600, 900 or ...

52. Biological control under a changing climate: The efficacy of the parthenium weed stem-galling moth under an atmosphere enriched with CO2

Author:
Asad Shabbir; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Myron P. Zalucki; Steve W. Adkins
Source:
Biological control 2019 v.139 pp. 104077
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Epiblema strenuana; Parthenium hysterophorus; X-radiation; biological control; biological control agents; biomass; branches; branching; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; climate; climate change; cypsela; invasive species; moths; photosynthesis; seeds; stem galls; water use efficiency; weeds; Australia
Abstract:
... Parthenium hysterophorus (Parthenium weed) is a highly invasive species that has become a major weed in Australia and many other parts of the world. The present study reports on the effect of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment upon the performance and effectiveness of one of its biological control agents, Epiblema strenuana (stem-galling moth). Parthenium weed plants, when grown under an elevated CO₂ conc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104077

53. Biomechanics and development of rattans: what is special about Plectocomia himalayana Griff. (Calamoideae, Plectocomiinae)?

Author:
ISNARD, SANDRINE
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 2006 v.151 no.1 pp. 83-91
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
Calamus; Daemonorops; Plectocomia; adventitious roots; branches; branching; leaves; mechanical damage; vegetative propagation
Abstract:
... Mechanical and morphological studies of Plectocomia himalayana (subtribe Plectocomiinae) revealed characteristics that differ strongly from species of subtribe Calaminae (Calamus and Daemonorops). In species of Calaminae tested previously, the contribution of the leaf sheath drastically increases stiffness in juvenile axes and towards the apex of older plants. In P. himalayana the relative contrib ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00524.x

54. Blackberry production systems - a worldwide perspective

Author:
Strik, B.C.; Finn, C.E.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 v. no.946 pp. 341-347
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
blackberries; branches; branching; canopy; cold tolerance; cultivars; defoliants; flavor; fresh market; growers; growth regulators; hybrids; manual harvesting; markets; primocanes; pruning; summer; Mexico; Oregon; Serbia
Abstract:
... There are generally three types of blackberry: the erect (e.g. 'Navaho', 'Ouachita'); semi-erect (e.g. 'Chester Thornless', 'Loch Ness'); and trailing (e.g. 'Marion', 'Boysen'). All types can be grown for fresh and processed markets, although the trailing types with their small seed (pyrene) size and aromatic flavor are considered superior for processed markets. The largest blackberry production r ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.946.56

55. Brachial plexus of the porcupine (Hystrix cristata)

Author:
A. Ayidin
Source:
Veterinární medicína v.48 no.10 pp. 301-304
ISSN:
0375-8427
Subject:
Hystrix cristata; branches; branching; females; males; plexus
Abstract:
... In this study, the brachial plexus of the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) was investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used and the brachial plexus of them were dissected. It was found that the brachial plexus of the porcupine was formed by rami ventralis of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2. The rami ventralis of C5 and T2 were divided into two branches. The caudal branch of C5 and cra ...
DOI:
10.17221/5783-vetmed

56. Branch aggregation and crown allometry condition the precision of randomized branch sampling estimators of conifer crown mass

Author:
R.M. Schlecht; D.L.R. Affleck
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 2014 v.44 no.5 pp. 499-508
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
conifers; probability; branches; allometry; branching; bioenergy; Larix occidentalis; fuels (fire ecology); tree trunk; trees; carbon sinks; Pseudotsuga menziesii; biomass; stand basal area
Abstract:
... Characterizations of conifer crown biomass are important for assessing forest fuel loadings, bioenergy supplies, carbon stocks, and growth and yield. There is considerable variation in conifer crown mass, but to guide sampling programs, there is little quantitative information available concerning its structure or extent. This research examines several randomized branch sampling (RBS) strategies a ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfr-2013-0388

57. Branch and foliage morphological plasticity in old-growth Thuja plicata

Author:
Edelstein, Z.R.; Ford, E.D.
Source:
Tree physiology 2003 v.23 no.10 pp. 649-662
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Thuja plicata; canopy; solar radiation; old-growth forests; plant architecture; branching; leaf area; conifer needles; leaf angle; branches
Abstract:
... At the Wind River Canopy Crane Facility in southeastern Washington State, USA, we examined phenotypic variation between upper- and lower-canopy branches of old-growth Thuja plicata J. Donn ex D. Don (western red cedar). Lower-canopy branches were longer, sprouted fewer daughter branches per unit stem length and were more horizontal than upper-canopy branches. Thuja plicata holds its foliage in fro ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/23.10.649
PubMed:
12777238

58. Branch architecture, light interception and crown development in saplings of a plagiotropically branching tropical tree, Polyalthia jenkinsii (Annonaceae)

Author:
Osada, N.; Takeda, H.
Source:
Annals of botany 2003 v.91 no.1 pp. 55-63
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Polyalthia; branching; plant development; plant morphology; light; branches; leaves; Malaysia
Abstract:
... To investigate crown development patterns, branch architecture, branch-level light interception, and leaf and branch dynamics were studied in saplings of a plagiotropically branching tree species, Polyalthia jenkinsii Hk. f. & Thoms. (Annonaceae) in a Malaysian rain forest. Lengths of branches and parts of the branches lacking leaves ('bare' branches) were smaller in upper branches than in lower b ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcg008
PubMed:
12495920
PubMed Central:
PMC4240353

59. Branch development in Lupinus angustifolius L. I. Not all branches have the same potential growth rate

Author:
Miguel, L.C.; Longnecker, N.E.; Ma, Q.; Osborne, L.; Atkins, C.A.
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 1998 v.49 no.320 pp. 547-553
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
apical meristems; plant development; buds; nitrogen; nutrient availability; branching; benzyladenine; ecological competition; length; branches; Lupinus angustifolius; leaves; tissue culture
Abstract:
... Although the basal and uppermost lateral branches of Lupinus angustifolius L. frequently grow and contribute to yield, buds formed in the axils of leaves 6-12 (referred to as middle buds) rarely grow. This may be due to an inherent limitation of these buds, or some form of apical dominance or competition imposed by the plant. The hypothesis that middle buds have the full capacity to grow, but rema ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/49.320.547

60. Branch development in Lupinus angustifolius L. II. Relationship with endogenous ABA, IAA and cytokinins in axillary and main stem buds

Author:
Emery, R.J.N.; Longnecker, N.E.; Atkins, C.A.
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 1998 v.49 no.320 pp. 555-562
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
plant development; buds; quantitative analysis; stem form; chemical constituents of plants; branching; cytokinins; abscisic acid; branches; Lupinus angustifolius; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinins (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in buds of different regions (main stem and lateral branches) of Lupinus angustifolius L. (cv. Merrit) and at different stages in the development of branches. In lupin, branching patterns are the result of discrete regions of axillary branches (upper, middle and basal) which elongate at much dif ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/49.320.555

61. Branch development in custard apple (cherimoya Annona cherimola Miller x sugar apple A. squamosa L.) in relation to tip-pruning and flowering, including effects on production

Author:
Olesen, Trevor; Muldoon, Steven J.
Source:
Trees 2009 v.23 no.4 pp. 855-862
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Annona cherimola; Annona reticulata; Annona squamosa; branches; branching; buds; canopy; carbon; cherimoyas; flowering; flowers; fruiting; growing season; leaves; photosynthesis; spring; summer; trees; vegetative growth; vigor
Abstract:
... Custard apple has cryptic axillary buds, hidden from view by the base of the petiole. This has led to confusion about custard apple's flowering habit. Flowering only occurs during early branch development, and can be forced at any time of the growing season simply by removing leaves. Here, we show that flowering is terminal, not extra-axillary, and that the apparent continuation of the main stem b ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-009-0327-y

62. Branch models for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in naturally regenerated stands

Author:
Derek F. Sattler; Philip G. Comeau; Alexis Achim
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2014 v.325 pp. 74-89
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
boreal forests; equations; branching; models; tree and stand measurements; trees; lumber; Picea glauca; species diversity; branches; stand basal area
Abstract:
... To describe the branching characteristics of white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) in naturally regenerated, pure and mixed-species stands of the Canadian boreal forest, predictive models were developed for: (1) the number of branches (⩾5mm diameter), (2) maximum branch diameter, (3) the diameter of all other branches, and (4) the angle of branch insertion (⩾5mm diameter). An additional ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.051

63. Branching habit and the allocation of reproductive resources in conifers

Author:
Andrew B. Leslie
Source:
Annals of botany 2012 v.110 no.4 pp. 915-921
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
branches; branching; canopy; conifers; energy; evolution; leaves; pollen
Abstract:
... Background and Aims Correlated relationships between branch thickness, branch density, and twig and leaf size have been used extensively to study the evolution of plant canopy architecture, but fewer studies have explored the impact of these relationships on the allocation of reproductive resources. This study quantifies pollen cone production in conifers, which have similar basic reproductive bio ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcs150
PubMed:
22782240
PubMed Central:
PMC3423808

64. Branching in rice

Author:
Yonghong Wang; Jiayang Li
Source:
Current opinion in plant biology 2011 v.14 no.1 pp. 94-99
ISSN:
1369-5266
Subject:
alleles; biosynthesis; branches; branching; breeding; grain yield; inflorescences; lactones; mutants; rice; signal transduction; tillering; tillers
Abstract:
... Rice branching, including the formation of tillers and panicle branches, has been well investigated over the past several years because of its agronomic importance. A major breakthrough in elucidating rice tillering in the recent years was the discovery of strigolactones, a specific group of terpenoid lactones that can inhibit axillary bud outgrowth. Since that discovery, new tillering mutants, th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pbi.2010.11.002
PubMed:
21144796

65. Branching principles governing the architecture of Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)

Author:
Hatta, H.; Honda, H.; Fisher, J.B.
Source:
Annals of botany 1999 v.84 no.2 pp. 183-193
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
inflorescences; plant development; buds; stem form; meristems; branching; internodes; leaves; branches; Cornus kousa
Abstract:
... The complex structure of the crown of Cornus kousa, generally five-forked in vegetative branching and two-forked in reproductive branching, is analysed quantitatively and described by two basic branching principles: decussate phyllotaxy and the resetting rule for planes of branching. Most Cornus species have opposite, decussate phyllotaxis. The leaf pair (with axillary buds) defines the branching ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1999.0906

66. Bud structure in relation to shoot morphology and position on the vegetative annual shoots of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)

Author:
Sabatier, S.; Barthelemy, D.
Source:
Annals of botany 2001 v.87 no.1 pp. 117-123
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; Juglans regia; branching; length; branches; plant morphology; leaf primordia; shoots
Abstract:
... The length and basal diameter of all lateral and terminal buds of vegetative annual shoots of 7-year-oldJuglans regia trees were measured. All buds were dissected and numbers of cataphylls, embryonic leaves and leaf primordia were recorded. Each axillary bud was ranked according to the position of its associated leaf from the apex to the base of its parent shoot. Bud size and content were analysed ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.2000.1312

67. Canopy architecture for high density litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Plantings

Author:
Nath, V.; Thakre, M.; Pandey, S.D.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, R.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1029 pp. 287-293
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Litchi chinensis; branches; branching; canopy; flowering; fruit crops; fruit growing; fruiting; microclimate; planting; precision agriculture; surface area; tree growth; trees; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... Crown structure and canopy size play an important role in productivity and quality production of fruit crops. In litchi, once trees begin to bear, fruit production is simply a function of the effective canopy surface area. The crown structure of a tree solely depends on branching pattern and crotch angles. The strongest crotches are those in which branches grow up from the trunk at angles ranging ...

68. Canopy seed storage is associated with sexual dimorphism in the woody dioecious genus Leucadendron

Author:
Harris, Mark S.; Pannell, John R.
Source:
Journal of ecology 2010 v.98 no.2 pp. 509-515
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Leucadendron; branches; branching; canopy; females; leaves; males; phylogeny; progeny; seed maturation; seed storage; seeds; sexual dimorphism
Abstract:
... 1. Species of the dioecious South African plant genus Leucadendron vary strikingly in their degree of sexual dimorphism, with males of dimorphic species typically possessing more and thinner branches and smaller leaves than the corresponding females. 2. Many Leucadendron species are serotinous, with females of serotinous species maintaining seeds in transpiring cones for a number of years. Since c ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01623.x

69. Characterization and T-DNA insertion sites identification of a multiple-branches mutant br in Betula platyphylla × Betula pendula

Author:
Rui Han; Chenrui Gu; Ranhong Li; Wendi Xu; Shuo Wang; Chaoyi Liu; Chang Qu; Su Chen; Guifeng Liu; Qibin Yu; Jing Jiang; Huiyu Li
Source:
BMC plant biology 2019 v.19 no.1 pp. 491
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica; CCR1 receptor; branches; branching; buds; chlorophyll; chromosomes; cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; exons; gene expression regulation; hybrids; indole acetic acid; lignin content; methyl jasmonate; mutants; mutation; phenotype; photosynthesis; plant architecture; plant development; plant growth; stomatal conductance; transfer DNA; transgenic plants; wood; wood properties; zeatin
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Plant architecture, which is mostly determined by shoot branching, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Thus, it is essential to explore the regulatory molecular mechanism of branching patterns based on the economic and ecological importance. In our previous work, a multiple-branches birch mutant br was identified from 19 CINNAMOYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE 1 (CCR1)-over ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12870-019-2098-y
PubMed:
31718548
PubMed Central:
PMC6852751

70. Characterization of Hemineura frondosa and the Hemineureae trib. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from southern Australia

Author:
S. M. Lin; M. H. Hommersand; G. T. Kraft
Source:
Phycologia 2001 v.40 no.2 pp. 135-146
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Laingia; blades; branches; branching; cell division; Australia
Abstract:
... Hemineura is endemic to Australia and the sole member of the ‘Hemineura-Gruppe’, an informal taxon, equivalent to a tribe, that Kylin defined primarily by its bicarpogonial supporting cells. We have found that supporting cells carry not only two carpogonial branches but also two sterile groups, a type of procarp not known for any other member of the family Delesseriaceae or the order Ceramiales. T ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-40-2-135.1

71. Characterization of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Genes Differentially Expressed Between Two Cultivars of Coffea arabica L.

Author:
Ratnesh Singh; Beth Irikura; Chifumi Nagai; Henrik H. Albert; Monto Kumagai; Robert E. Paull; Paul H. Moore; Ming-Li Wang
Source:
Tropical plant biology 2011 v.4 no.3-4 pp. 203-216
ISSN:
1935-9756
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Coffea arabica; amino acids; branches; branching; crop yield; cultivars; flavor; gene expression regulation; genes; hybridization; potatoes; promoter regions; shoots; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Two closely related, Coffea arabica cultivars Tall Mokka and Typica, yield coffee with excellent flavor, but they differ distinctively in the size of aerial organs including the fruit and in the degree of branching. Using potato cross-species microarray hybridization, we identified prolyl oligopeptidase (CaPOP) gene(s) as differentially expressed between the shoot tips of ‘Tall Mokka’ and ‘T ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12042-011-9082-5

72. Chrysenodithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer: An Elongated Fused π-Electronic Backbone with a Unique Orbital Structure Toward Efficient Intermolecular Carrier Transport

Author:
Tadanori Kurosawa; Toshihiro Okamoto; Dinghai Cen; Daiji Ikeda; Hiroyuki Ishii; Jun Takeya
Source:
Macromolecules 2021 v.54 no.5 pp. 2113-2123
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
branches; branching; exhibitions; polymers; prediction; semiconductors
Abstract:
... In the current mainstream development of polymer semiconductors aiming for high charge carrier mobility, the degree of intermolecular orbital overlap has not been taken into deep consideration, since the molecular packing arrangement at the atomic scale cannot be predicted. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a unique π-conjugated building block for a p-type polymer semiconductor, namely, chryseno ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00984

73. Combinatorial regulation of CLF and SDG8 during Arabidopsis shoot branching

Author:
Shaomin Bian; Ji Li; Gang Tian; Yuhai Cui; Yanming Hou; Wendao Qiu
Source:
Acta physiologiae plantarum 2016 v.38 no.7 pp. 173
ISSN:
0137-5881
Subject:
Arabidopsis; alleles; branches; branching; chromatin; flowers; gene expression; histones; leaves; loci; methyltransferases; mutagenesis; mutants; phenotype; precipitin tests; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; regulator genes; seeds; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... SET domain group 8 (SDG8) serves as multifunctional H3 methyltransferase to be involved in various processes in plants. To better understand its functions, an EMS mutagenesis of sdg8-2 seeds was performed for the enhancers of sdg8-2, and an allele of CURLY LEAF (clf100) was identified in the study, which enhanced the phenotype of sdg8-2, such as early flower, abortion, and more shoot branches. Rea ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11738-016-2188-5

74. Comparative evaluation of grafting and budding methods in jackfruit

Author:
Ravi Kumar; Pratibha; Ratna Rai; Pradyot Nalini
Source:
Indian journal of horticulture 2021 v.78 no.4 pp. 398-403
ISSN:
0974-0112
Subject:
branches; branching; buds; chip budding; horticulture; jackfruits; journals; leaves; methodology; planting; rooting; roots; sprouting; vegetative propagation; veneering
Abstract:
... Inarching is the most widely practised vegetative method of propagation for multiplication of jackfruit in tarai region, but the method is cumbersome, and produces less number of plants from a single mother plant. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to find out other alternative method for commercial propagation of jackfruit. The study was conducted for twelve months with five methods ...
DOI:
10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00057.8

75. Comparative study of inflorescence development in Oleaceae

Author:
Somayeh Naghiloo; Mohammad Reza Dadpour; Gholamreza Gohari; Peter K. Endress
Source:
American journal of botany 2013 v.100 no.4 pp. 647-663
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
Jasminum; Olea; flowering; bracts; branching; Syringa; ontogeny; Chionanthus; flowers; light microscopy; crop yield; horticulture; Fraxinus; phyllotaxy; branches; aesthetics; Ligustrum; shoots
Abstract:
... • Premise of the study: Investigations of inflorescence architecture offer insight into the evolution of an astounding array of reproductive shoot systems in the angiosperms, as well as the potential to genetically manipulate these branching patterns to improve crop yield and enhance the aesthetics of horticultural species. The diversity of inflorescences in the economically important family Oleac ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.1200171
PubMed:
23482481

76. Comparison of Split or Single Application of Gypsum for Wild Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

Author:
James P. Santiago; John M. Smagula
Source:
International journal of fruit science 2012 v.12 no.1-3 pp. 35-47
ISSN:
1553-8621
Subject:
Vaccinium angustifolium; branches; branching; buds; calcium; crop yield; diammonium phosphate; gypsum; leaves; nutrient uptake; plant growth; soil; soil sampling; split application; sulfur; Maine
Abstract:
... Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) was evaluated as a single pre-emergent application (4,482 kg/ha) or a split application (2,242 kg/ha pre-emergent and 2,242 kg/ha 2 weeks later) for its effect on soil nutrient release, nutrient uptake, and plant growth at two commercial lowbush blueberry fields (Clary Hill and Marshville, Maine). Gypsum applications were compared to diammonium phosphate (448 kg/ha) and a contr ...
DOI:
10.1080/15538362.2011.619122

77. Comparison of two shrub rose genotypes using architectural analysis

Author:
Morel, P.; Galopin, G.; Dones, N.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 v. no.885 pp. 213-222
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Rosa; branches; branching; cultivars; databases; genotype; greenhouses; growth regulators; hybrids; ornamental plants; ornamental value; pruning; quantitative analysis; shrubs; trees
Abstract:
... The aesthetic value of an ornamental plant is highly dependent on its shape. This is primarily determined by the characteristics of its axes at the following levels: (1) morphological (size of the different constituent elements); (2) topological (branching relationships); and (3) spatial (position of the axes in space). Architectural analysis therefore appears to be an interesting method for chara ...

78. Component Quantification in Solids with the Mixture Analysis Using References Method

Author:
Dirk Stueber; Zachary E. X. Dance
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2020 v.92 no.16 pp. 11095-11102
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
active pharmaceutical ingredients; analytical chemistry; area; branches; branching; chemical species; exhibitions; mixtures; models; physical properties; physicochemical properties; solids; yield components
Abstract:
... Quantifying components in solid mixtures composed of the same chemical species exhibiting different physical forms represents a difficult challenge in many areas of chemistry. The development of small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a classic example. APIs predominantly exhibit polymorphism and the propensity to form solvates and hydrates. The various API phases typically disp ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01045

79. Compound inflorescence cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) in India

Author:
Prasath, D.; Venugopal, M. N.
Source:
Genetic resources and crop evolution 2009 v.56 no.6 pp. 749-753
ISSN:
0925-9864
Subject:
Elettaria cardamomum; branches; branching; cardamom; drying; genes; germplasm; inflorescences; surveys; India
Abstract:
... Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) is an important spice crop of India and valued for its dried capsules. Regular surveys are being undertaken by Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Appangala, Karnataka, India for collecting the variable germplasm of cardamom. At present 436 cardamom accessions collected from cardamom growing tracts of South India are conserved in field gene bank. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10722-009-9440-4

80. Contrasting the morphology, anatomy and fungal colonization of new pioneer and fibrous roots

Author:
Zadworny, Marcin; Eissenstat, David M.
Source:
new phytologist 2011 v.190 no.1 pp. 213-221
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Acer negundo; Acer saccharum; Juglans nigra; Liriodendron tulipifera; Populus tremuloides; absorption; branches; branching; fibrous roots; fungal anatomy; hydraulic conductivity; microbial colonization; mycorrhizal fungi; nutrients; roots; tree age; trees; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... • Not all roots born as first-order branches are the same and this has important consequences for overall function. We hypothesized that, compared with fibrous roots, pioneer roots are built to live longer at the expense of absorptive capacity. • We tested this hypothesis by investigating pioneer and fibrous roots in their first 14 d of life in the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species: Acer negundo ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03598.x
PubMed:
21210817

81. Controlling canopy formation, flowering, and yield in field-grown stands of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with ambient and regulated soil temperature

Author:
Awal, M.A.; Ikeda, T.
Source:
Field crops research 2003 v.81 no.2-3 pp. 121-132
ISSN:
0378-4290
Subject:
Arachis hypogaea; ambient temperature; branches; branching; canopy; crop yield; field experimentation; flowering; flowers; heat sums; leaves; peanuts; phenology; pods; seeds; soil temperature; sowing
Abstract:
... The effects of soil temperature on canopy formation, flowering, and yield of peanut stands remain to be elucidated, although considerable effort has been expended on studying the morphology, phenology, ecology and physiology of peanut. We conducted field experiments in 2000 and 2001 to investigate the dynamics of canopy formation in terms of the production of branches and leaves, flowering frequen ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00216-2

82. Convergence of leaf display and photosynthetic characteristics of understory Abies amabilis and Tsuga heterophylla in an old-growth forest in southwestern Washington State, USA

Author:
Ishii, Hiroaki; Yoshimura, Ken-Ichi; Mori, Akira
Source:
Tree physiology 2009 v.29 no.8 pp. 989-998
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
shade tolerance; age; light intensity; carbon; shoots; coniferous forests; photosynthesis; Tsuga heterophylla; leaves; forest trees; tree crown; branches; understory; old-growth forests; plant architecture; nitrogen; branching; Abies amabilis
Abstract:
... We compared the morphological and physiological characteristics of understory trees of Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. growing adjacent to each other in an old-growth forest in southwestern Washington State, USA. We hypothesized that, despite contrasting branching patterns and crown architectures, the two species should exhibit convergence i ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/tpp040
PubMed:
19525494

83. Coupling Complementary Strategy to U-Net Based Convolution Neural Network for Detecting Lunar Impact Craters

Author:
Yuqing Mao; Rongao Yuan; Wei Li; Yijing Liu
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
artificial intelligence; branches; branching; exhibitions; extracts; fields; image analysis; map projections; neural networks; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Lunar crater detection plays an important role in lunar exploration, while machine learning (ML) exhibits promising advantages in the field. However, previous ML works almost all used a single type of lunar map, such as an elevation map (DEM) or orthographic projection map (WAC), to extract crater features; the two types of images have individual limitations on reflecting the crater features, whic ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14030661

84. Crop regulation and cytokinin sprays to improve 'Sweetheart' sweet cherry fruit size

Author:
Reginato, G.H.; Robinson, T.L.; Yoon, T.M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2011 v. no.903 pp. 849-856
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Axis axis; Prunus avium; benzyladenine; branches; branching; buds; chemical treatment; cherries; cytokinins; fruit set; leaf area; pruning; rootstocks; trees; United States
Abstract:
... The effect of crop regulation strategies of pruning severity or cytokinin sprays (CPPU or benzyl adenine, BA) on the fruit size of ‘Sweetheart’ cherry (Prunus avium) trees on Gisela 5 and Gisela 6 rootstocks, trained either as Vertical Axis or Central Leader, was evaluated at Geneva, NY, USA, in 2006 and 2007. Crop regulation treatments were: light pruning (control), hard pruning (stubbing back br ...

85. Crown structure differences and dynamics in 100-year-old and old-growth Eucalyptus obliqua trees

Author:
Y. D. Bar-Ness; J. B. Kirkpatrick; P. B. McQuillan
Source:
Australian forestry 2012 v.75 no.2 pp. 120-129
ISSN:
2325-6087
Subject:
Eucalyptus obliqua; age structure; branches; canopy; dead wood; forests; principal component analysis; surveys; trees; wood; Tasmania
Abstract:
... The crown structures of eight old-growth (∼450 y) and eight 100-y-old intermixed Eucalyptus obliqua trees at Warra LTER, southern Tasmania, were mapped by direct climbing and vector-based surveys. The quantitative maps were statistically compared between age classes. The older trees had a more variable crown structure and size range when compared with the unaltered growth pattern of branches in th ...
DOI:
10.1080/00049158.2012.10676393

86. CsRAV1 induces sylleptic branching in hybrid poplar

Author:
Alicia Moreno‐Cortés; Tamara Hernández‐Verdeja; Paloma Sánchez‐Jiménez; Pablo González‐Melendi; Cipriano Aragoncillo; Isabel Allona
Source:
new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.1 pp. 83-90
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Castanea sativa; RNA interference; biomass; branches; branching; buds; genes; growing season; hybrids; leaf area; plantlets; transgenic plants; tree growth; trees; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... • Sylleptic branching in trees may increase significantly branch number, leaf area and the general growth of the tree, particularly in its early years. Although this is a very important trait, so far little is known about the genes that control this process. • This article characterizes the Castanea sativa RAV1 gene, homologous to Arabidopsis TEM genes, by analyzing its circadian behavior and exam ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04023.x
PubMed:
22229950

87. Cyclanilide Increases Branching of Herbaceous Perennials

Author:
Latimer, J.G.; Freeborn, J.; Groover, V.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2011 v. no.886 pp. 159-162
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Coreopsis; Echinacea; Phlox paniculata; branches; branching; cultivars; foliar spraying; ornamental woody plants; perennials; phytotoxicity; shoots; spring; summer; United States
Abstract:
... Many herbaceous perennials would benefit from additional branching to provide fuller pots in shorter production times. Cyclanilide (Tiberon, OHP, Inc., Mainland, PA, USA), a new product recently labeled in the USA for branching of woody ornamentals, was evaluated on several herbaceous perennials over two seasons. Cyclanilide was applied as a foliar spray to established plants grown in 1.1-L pots f ...

88. DUALCOR: a phylogenetic comparative method to evaluate phylogenetic correlation between a character and a non‐evolving external variable

Author:
Norberto P. Giannini; Pablo A. Goloboff
Source:
Cladistics 2021 v.37 no.5 pp. 586-595
ISSN:
0748-3007
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; branches; branching; environmental factors; organisms; phylogeny; testing
Abstract:
... A new phylogenetic comparative method called DUALCOR is presented to evaluate the evolutionary response of a character to non‐evolving external factors, such as environmental variables. The method treats the character as a typical evolving feature of an organism that is reconstructed on a given tree, whereas the external factor is treated as unrelated to the phylogeny. DUALCOR first calculates the ...
DOI:
10.1111/cla.12450

89. Data for the spatiotemporal analysis of US global banks’ exposure to foreign counterparty risks

Author:
Ibrahim Niankara; Hassan Ismail Hassan
Source:
Data in Brief 2019 v.25 pp. 103964
ISSN:
2352-3409
Subject:
accounting; banking; branches; branching; business enterprises; data analysis; data collection; extracts; financial institutions; public sector; relative risk
Abstract:
... This article Presents an extract of the fully consolidated data collected through the US Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) reports, FFIEC 009 and FFIEC 009a [1]. The data is provided here as a Panel of Quarterly claims covering the 2017 fiscal year from last quarter 2016, to third quarter 2017. Following U.S. generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), it contains fin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dib.2019.103964

90. Data on association between QRS duration on prehospital ECG and mortality in patients with confirmed STEMI

Author:
Rikke Hansen; Martin Frydland; Ole Kristian Møller-Helgestad; Matias Greve Lindholm; Lisette Okkels Jensen; Lene Holmvang; Hanne Berg Ravn; Jesper Kjærgaard; Christian Hassager; Jacob Eifer Møller
Source:
Data in Brief 2017 v.15 pp. 12-17
ISSN:
2352-3409
Subject:
branches; branching; bundling; mortality; patients
Abstract:
... Data presented in this article relates to the research article entitled “Association between QRS duration on prehospital ECG and mortality in patients with suspected STEMI” (Hansen et al., in press) [1].Data on the prognostic effect of automatically recoded QRS duration on prehospital ECG and presence of classic left and right bundle branch block in 1777 consecutive patients with confirmed ST segm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.051

91. Data on two- and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography guidance for the treatment for the bifurcation lesion

Author:
Ryoji Nagoshi; Takayuki Okamura; Yoshinobu Murasato; Tatsuhiro Fujimura; Masahiro Yamawaki; Shiro Ono; Takeshi Serikawa; Yutaka Hikichi; Fumiaki Nakao; Tomohiro Sakamoto; Toshiro Shinke; Yoichi Kijima; Amane Kozuki; Hiroyuki Shibata; Junya Shite
Source:
Data in Brief 2018 v.16 pp. 865-868
ISSN:
2352-3409
Subject:
branches; branching; tomography
Abstract:
... This article comprised the data related to the research article entitled “Feasibility and usefulness of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography guidance for optimal side branch treatment in coronary bifurcation stenting” (Nagoshi et al., In press) [1].In this article we reports details about two patterns of guide wire (GW) recrossing position after crossover stenting in bifurcation lesion c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dib.2017.12.024

92. Data on vessel wall thickness measurements of intracranial arteries derived from human circle of Willis specimens

Author:
Anita A. Harteveld; Nerissa P. Denswil; Wim Van Hecke; Hugo J. Kuijf; Aryan Vink; Wim G.M. Spliet; Mat J. Daemen; Peter R. Luijten; Jaco J.M. Zwanenburg; Jeroen Hendrikse; Anja G. van der Kolk
Source:
Data in Brief 2018 v.19 pp. 6-12
ISSN:
2352-3409
Subject:
arteries; branches; branching; cerebrovascular disorders; humans; measurement; patients; walls
Abstract:
... In this article, we report data on vessel wall thickness parameters derived from different arterial segments of the circle of Willis and its primary branches in patients with and without cerebrovascular disease. Also data on inter-rater reliability and agreement of the derived vessel wall parameters are reported. For further interpretation and discussion please refer to the research article “ex vi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.116

93. Deep multi-feature fusion network for remote sensing images

Author:
Wei Xiong; Zhenyu Xiong; Yaqi Cui; Yafei Lv
Source:
Remote sensing letters 2020 v.11 no.6 pp. 563-571
ISSN:
2150-7058
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; image analysis; learning; neural networks; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Learning discriminative and robust features is crucial in remote sensing image processing. Many of the currently used approaches are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, such approaches may not effectively capture various different semantic objects of remote sensing images. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel end-to-end deep multi-feature fusion network (DMFN). DMFN ...
DOI:
10.1080/2150704X.2020.1743376

94. Dendrocalamus yingjiangensis (Poaceae), a New Species of Bamboo from Western Yunnan Province of China

Author:
Yang Han-Qi; Xie Ning; Cui Yong-Zhong; Li De-Zhu
Source:
Annales botanici Fennici 2015 v.52 no.3–4 pp. 262-264
ISSN:
0003-3847
Subject:
Dendrocalamus; bamboos; bracts; branches; branching; culms; florets; flowering; leaf blade; new species; China
Abstract:
... Dendrocalamus yingjiangensis D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang (Poaceae), a new species of bamboo from western Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by light-brown culm sheaths, branching from the eighth or ninth node, equal branchlets, glabrous leaf blade, 15–25 pseudospikelets at each node of flowering branches, 4–6 bracts, 3–4 glumes, and four florets per pseudospikelet. ...
DOI:
10.5735/085.052.0319

95. Density‐dependent effects on initial growth of a branching coral under restoration

Author:
John N. Griffin; Elizabeth C. Schrack; Kemit‐Amon Lewis; Iliana B. Baums; Nicole Soomdat; Brian R. Silliman
Source:
Restoration ecology 2015 v.23 no.3 pp. 197-200
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
Acropora cervicornis; branches; branching; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; spatial distribution; Caribbean
Abstract:
... Coral reef restoration aims to help threatened coral ecosystems recover from recent severe declines. Here we address whether coral fragments should be out‐planted individually or in larger aggregations. Theory suggests alternative possible outcomes: whereas out‐plants within aggregations might suffer from heightened negative interactions with neighbors (e.g. competition for space), they may altern ...
DOI:
10.1111/rec.12173

96. Development and structure of trichotomous branching in Edgeworthia chrysantha (Thymelaeaceae)

Author:
Iwamoto, Akitoshi; Matsumura, Yumiko; Ohba, Hideaki; Murata, Jin; Imaichi, Ryoko
Source:
American journal of botany 2005 v.92 no.8 pp. 1350-1358
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
apical meristems; shoot primordia; buds; plant architecture; branching; Edgeworthia; phyllotaxy; branches; ultrastructure; leaves
Abstract:
... We studied the development and structure of the unusual trichotomous branching of Edgeworthia chrysantha. Three "branch primordia" are formed sequentially on the shoot apex of a main axis and develop into trichotomous branching. The branch primordia are clearly distinguishable from the typical axillary buds of other angiosperms; they develop much more rapidly than axillary buds, and the borders be ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.92.8.1350
PubMed:
21646155

97. Development of a novel semi-hydroponic phenotyping system for studying root architecture

Author:
Chen, Ying L.; Dunbabin, Vanessa M.; Diggle, Art J.; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.; Rengel, Zed
Source:
Functional plant biology 2011 v.38 no.5 pp. 355-363
ISSN:
1445-4408
Subject:
Lupinus angustifolius; branches; branching; genotype; root growth; root systems; roots; screening
Abstract:
... A semi-hydroponic bin system was developed to provide an efficient phenotyping platform for studying root architecture. The system was designed to accommodate a large number of plants in a small area for screening genotypes. It was constructed using inexpensive and easily obtained materials: 240L plastic mobile bins, clear acrylic panels covered with black calico cloth and a controlled watering sy ...
DOI:
10.1071/FP10241

98. Development of the axillary bud complex in Echinocystis lobata (Cucurbitaceae): interpreting the cucurbitaceous tendril

Author:
Gerrath, Jean M.; Guthrie, Theodore B.; Zitnak, Tim A.; Posluszny, Usher
Source:
American journal of botany 2008 v.95 no.7 pp. 773-781
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
Cucurbitaceae; branches; branching; buds; flowers; leaves; microscopy; ontogeny; resins
Abstract:
... In the Cucurbitaceae, the tendrils, coiling organs used for climbing and mechanical support, are part of an axillary bud complex (ABC). Although the morphological nature of tendrils and the branching pattern of the ABC in the Cucurbitaceae have been much studied, their homology remains unresolved, with hypothesized candidates being the leaf, flower, stem, or stem-leaf combination. We used Echinocy ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.2007362
PubMed:
21632403

99. Development of the rosy apple aphid within its habitat: some structural and physiological aspects in apple trees

Author:
Simon, S.; Morel, K.; Defrance, H.; Hemptinne, J.L.; Regnard, J.L.; Lauri, P.E.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 v. no.933 pp. 491-498
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Dysaphis plantaginea; apples; branches; branching; design for environment; extinction; fruit trees; fruiting; greenhouse experimentation; habitats; herbivores; insects; microclimate; nitrogen; orchards; pests; plant architecture; pruning; shoots
Abstract:
... Plant architecture governs living conditions of herbivores. In fruit trees, the perennial structure is modulated by training and pruning which may affect pests. The effect of tree architecture manipulation on the development of the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (RAA) was investigated from 2002 to 2009 in apple orchards. The first step (2002-2005) consisted in comparing the Centrifugal Trai ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.933.64

100. Development of woody branch attachments in Schefflera (Araliaceae or Apiaceae)

Author:
Tomlinson, P. Barry; Fisher, Jack B.; Hallé, Francis; Villalobos, Randol
Source:
American journal of botany 2005 v.92 no.11 pp. 1765-1773
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
cortex; plant development; cambium; shrubs; branching; epiphytes; ultrastructure; trees; Schefflera actinophylla; branches; xylem; Schefflera arboricola; roots; leaves; vascular bundles
Abstract:
... Attachment of branches in Schefflera is unusual in that it involves fingerlike woody extensions that originate in the cortex and pass gradually into the woody cylinder of the parent shoot. We tested the hypothesis that these structures could be roots since Schefflera is a hemi-epiphyte with aerial roots. These branch traces originate by secondary development in the many leaf traces (LTs) of the mu ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.92.11.1765
PubMed:
21646094