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1. Adaptation of Growth Form in Echium Leucophaeum (Boraginaceae)

Author:
Kornelius Lems; Christina M. Holzapfel
Source:
Ecology 1971 v.52 no.3 pp. 499-506
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Echium; altitude; branches; branching; climate; ecotypes; evaporation; flowering; fruiting; gardens; periodicity; physiological response; rain; sea level; seedlings; temperature; wind speed; woody plants; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Ecotype formation in eight populations of Echium leucophaeum was studied on La Palma (Canary Islands) at 100—m intervals from sea level to 600 m elevation. Climate varied with altitude, the lower elevation having higher temperatures, evaporation, and wind velocity and lower rainfall. A method for recording growth form of individual plants was developed whereby lateral branch production and branchi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937633

2. Growth and Composition Responses of Soybeans to Some Growth Regulators

Author:
B. S. Basnet; G. M. Paulsen; C. D. Nickell
Source:
Agronomy journal 1972 v.64 no.4 pp. 550-552
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; application rate; benzoic acids; branches; branching; chemical composition; crop production; growth regulators; leaves; mechanism of action; oils; plant growth; plant height; pods; polyethylene glycol; sorbitol; soybeans; surfactants; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... Some growth regulators studied for morphological and yield effects on soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have not been studied for chemical compositional effects, particularly under Great Plains conditions. The objective of this study was to compare morphological aud mature seed compositional responses of 11 growth regulators. Eleven growth regulators of various modes of action were applied at two ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1972.00021962006400040041x

3. Effets de la taille en vert sur le cépage Tempranillo dans la région de la Rioja Alavesa

Author:
Enrique López Fernández
Source:
OENO One 1987 v.21 no.4 pp. 239-246
ISSN:
2494-1271
Subject:
alcohol abuse; branches; branching; leaves; shoots; training (plants); vegetation; vines; yields
Abstract:
... Les effets du rognage et la suppression des entre-coeurs sur le cépage Tempranillo ont été étudiés en 1986, dans deux vignobles de la Rioja Alavesa. L'essai comprenait 560 souches considérées individuellement. Le rognage augmente la production et diminue le degré alcoolique probable. La suppression des entre-coeurs donne les meilleurs résultats, quand elle est faite au début de la floraison, mais ...
DOI:
10.20870/oeno-one.1987.21.4.1289

4. Periodic Shading and the Location and Timing of Branches in Soybean

Author:
Basil Acock; Mary C. Acock
Source:
Agronomy journal 1987 v.79 no.6 pp. 949-952
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; branches; branching; carbon; nutrient availability; artificial shade; Mississippi
Abstract:
... An understanding of the environmental influences on branch initiation and growth is essential for developing mechanistic models that simulate crop behavior. In this study shading was used to determine how limited C availability affects the timing and location of branches in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] plants grown outdoors. Carbon availability was limited by covering the plants with 66% shade ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900060001x

5. Growth and Canopy Architecture of Shade‐Tolerant Trees: Response to Canopy Gaps

Author:
Charles D. Canham
Source:
Ecology 1988 v.69 no.3 pp. 786-795
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum; Fagus; branches; branching; canopy gaps; forests; leaf area index; leaves; saplings; shade tolerance; shoots; surface area; woody plants
Abstract:
... Patterns of aboveground growth, branching, and leaf display were examined in saplings of Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) and Fagus grandifola Ehrh. (beech) to determine (1) the responses of aboveground growth rates to variation in forest light regimes and (2) the importance of branching and leaf display patterns to the ability of saplings of these two species to respond to changes in forest li ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941027

6. Interplay of Morphology and Development on Size Inequality: A Polygonum Greenhouse Study

Author:
Monica A. Geber
Source:
Ecological monographs 1989 v.59 no.3 pp. 267-288
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Polygonum; asymmetry; branches; branching; greenhouse experimentation; intraspecific competition; leaves; reproduction; seedlings; seeds; shade; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... Increases in size inequalities with time in cohorts of plants have been attributed to two causes: (1) variation in the exponential relative growth rates (RGR) of plants and (2) asymmetry of competitive interactions, whereby large plants can more readily suppress the growth of smaller neighbors than vice versa. It follows, then, that species with a longer exponential growth phase should develop gre ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942602

7. Sampling and histological procedures for diagnosis of ash yellows

Author:
Sinclair, W.A.; Iuli, R.J.; Dyer, A.T.; Larsen, A.O.
Source:
Plant disease 1989 v.73 no.5 pp. 432-435
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
disease diagnosis; Fraxinus americana; sampling; fluorescent dyes; roots; branches; branching; Phytoplasma
DOI:
10.1094/PD-73-0432

8. Assimilation, Partitioning, and Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sweet Compared with Grain Sorghum

Author:
D. M. Vietor; F. R. Miller
Source:
Crop science 1990 v.30 no.5 pp. 1109-1115
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbon dioxide; hybrids; grain crops; branches; photosynthates; gas exchange; branching; net assimilation rate; leaf area; gibberellic acid; maturity stage; defoliation; Sorghum bicolor; genetic variation; sweet sorghum
Abstract:
... Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in stems are greater for sweet than grain sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Knowledge of plant characteristics associated with high nonstructural carbohydrates in sweet sorghum will aid efforts to increase nonstructural carbohydrates in grain sorghum stems. This study tested the hypothesis that variation of CO₂ assimilation rate, leaf area, branching ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000050030x

9. The branching habits and life history of woody plants

Author:
Stevens, G.C.; Perkins, A.L.
Source:
American naturalist 1992 v.139 no.2 pp. 267-275
ISSN:
0003-0147
Subject:
life cycle (organisms); woody plants; branching; branches; North America
DOI:
10.1086/285327

10. Neighbor Influences on Root Morphology and Mycorrhizal Fungus Colonization in Tallgrass Prairie Plants

Author:
J. D. Jastrow; R. M. Miller
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.2 pp. 561-569
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Andropogon gerardii; Coreopsis; Solidago altissima; branches; branching; chronosequences; fibrous roots; field experimentation; forbs; mycorrhizal fungi; roots; soil; warm season grasses
Abstract:
... A field study was conducted across a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie restorations to investigate the influence of plant's neighbor may have on its gross root morphology and association with mycorrhizal fungi. The root systems of a warm—season grass, Andropogon gerardii, and two perennial forbs, Coreopsis tripteris and Solidago altissima, were sampled by excavating soil blocks representing all ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939316

11. Stand Density Effects on Branching in an Annual Legume (Senna obtusifolia)

Author:
Smith, James E.; Jordan, Peter W.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.74 no.1 pp. 17-25
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Senna obtusifolia; biomass; branches; branching; canopy; leaf area; leaves; legumes; plant density; shoots; stand density; surveys
Abstract:
... Effects of proximity to nearest neighbours on shoot morphology and branch growth were examined for Senna obtusifolia (L.) I. '' B., an annual legume species that displays wide variation in branching. Periodic surveys described location and type of growth at all nodes on plants in regularly spaced monocultures. Stands with interplant distances of 15-50 cm (51-5 plants m⁻²) formed closed canopies wi ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/74.1.17
PubMed:
19700458

12. The branch roots of Zea: IV. The maturation and openness of xylem conduits in first‐order branches of soil‐grown roots

Author:
X. L. WANG; M. E. McCULLY; M. J. CANNY
Source:
new phytologist 1994 v.126 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Zea; branches; branching; corn; meristems; roots; transpiration; water uptake; xylem
Abstract:
... The late metaxylem (LMX) in the first‐order branch roots of maize matures slowly. Fully lignified elements remain as individual cells of mean diameter 67 μm and length about 2 mm for considerable distances proximal from the tip of branches that retain an active meristem (indeterminate branches). Such branches, depending on their age, have from 0 to 45%, of the Total length of LMX conduits mature a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb07525.x

13. Restoration Strategies for Coral Reefs Damaged by Recreational Activities: The Use of Sexual and Asexual Recruits

Author:
Baruch Rinkevich
Source:
Restoration ecology 1995 v.3 no.4 pp. 241-251
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
branches; branching; conservation areas; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; gardening; genetic variation; larvae; laws and regulations; monitoring; parks; recreation; reforestation; sediments; tourism
Abstract:
... The unique marine ecosystems of coral reefs express varying levels of degradation as a result of increasing anthropogenic pressures. This is the main reason why more than 200 coral reef localities were proclaimed as natural reserves or marine parks under varying legislation, rules, and monitoring and management programs. Ironically, the conventional management plans increased accessibility to many ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1526-100X.1995.tb00091.x

14. Analysis of branching in spring-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus L.): the significance of the number of axillary buds

Author:
Munier-Jolain, N.M.; Ney, B.; Duthion, C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1996 v.77 no.2 pp. 123-131
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Lupinus albus; plant development; branching; buds; branches; plant density; plant morphology; leaves; photoperiod; air temperature; dry matter accumulation; sowing date; genotype; France
Abstract:
... Plant density and sowing date were shown to affect branching in spring-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), but the response varied among environments. The patterns of primary and secondary branching in the cv. Lublanc were studied as a function of both the number of axillary buds and the plant growth rate. Field experiments that used a wide range of sowing dates and plant densities to alter plant ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0014

15. Plastic response of crown architecture to crowding in understorey trees of two co-dominating conifers

Author:
Takahashi, K.
Source:
Annals of botany 1996 v.77 no.2 pp. 159-164
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Abies sachalinensis; Picea glehnii; plant morphology; canopy; coniferous forests; dimensions; branches; branching; age; stand density; tree trunk; natural pruning
Abstract:
... Crown architecture and growth rate of trunk height, trunk diameter and lateral branches of understorey trees (5-10 m tall) were compared between two co-dominating conifers, Abies sachalinensis and Picea glehnii, in relation to the index of local crowding intensity, W, represented as a function of density, distance and basal area of taller neighbours. For the two conifers, the growth of trunk heigh ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0018

16. Varietal response of sesame to the shoot webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae)

Author:
Selvanarayanan, V.; Baskaran, P.
Source:
International journal of pest management 1996 v.42 no.4 pp. 335-336
ISSN:
0967-0874
Subject:
Sesamum indicum; boring insects; Antigastra catalaunalis; cultivars; pest resistance; branching; population density; branches; leaves; crop yield; varietal resistance; India
DOI:
10.1080/09670879609372017

17. A reinvestigation of the Cladoxylopsid Pseudosporochnus nodosus Leclercq et Banks from the middle Devonian of Goe, Belgium

Author:
Berry, C.M.; Fairon-Demaret, M.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.3 pp. 350-372
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
branching; branches; plant morphology; paleobotany; Belgium
DOI:
10.1086/297447

18. Apical dominance as an adaptation in Verbascum thapsus: effects of water and nutrients on branching

Author:
Lortie, C.J.; Aarssen, L.W.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.4 pp. 461-464
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
Verbascum thapsus; nutrient availability; branching; plant characteristics; height; apical dominance; length; NPK fertilizers; branches
DOI:
10.1086/297456

19. Responses of young Sitka spruce clones to mechanical perturbation and nutrition: effects on biomass allocation, root development, and resistance to bending

Author:
Stokes, A.; Nicoll, B.C.; Coutts, M.P.; Fitter, A.H.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1997 v.27 no.7 pp. 1049-1057
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
root shoot ratio; root systems; area; nutrient availability; branching; plant characteristics; height; conifer needles; mass; branches; biomass; roots; Picea sitchensis; shoots
Abstract:
... A flexing machine was used to examine influences of mechanical perturbation on the growth of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). Eight plants of each of 10 clones were flexed for 196 days, adjacent to unflexed control plants. Plants were grown at two nutrient regimes to determine if nutrient availability affected plant response to stimulation. Flexing had no significant effect on shoot ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-041

20. Shade avoidance in the clonal herb Trifolium fragiferum/: a field study with experimentally manipulated vegetation height

Author:
Heidrun Huber; Lars Wiggerman
Source:
Plant ecology 1997 v.130 no.1 pp. 53-62
ISSN:
1385-0237
Subject:
Trifolium fragiferum; biomass production; branches; branching; canopy; clones; field experimentation; flowering; ground vegetation; meristems; petioles; progeny; sexual reproduction; shade; vegetation
Abstract:
... In herbaceous canopies light availability can show high degrees of spatial variability in a vertical and also in a horizontal direction. Stoloniferous plants are hence likely to encounter differences in light availability during their ontogenetic development. Different mechanisms, such as petiole elongation, plasticity in internode length and branching, and an enhanced allocation to sexual reprodu ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1009702611270

21. Strobilus production and growth of Pacific yew under a range of overstory conditions in western Oregon

Author:
Di Fazio, S.P.; Vance, N.C.; Wilson, M.V.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1997 v.27 no.7 pp. 986-993
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Taxus brevifolia; plant morphology; branches; tree age; branching; solar radiation; vigor; inflorescences; Oregon
Abstract:
... Strobilus production, growth, and morphology of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) were examined at three sites in the Cascade Mountains and one site in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Strobilus production on branch segments was positively associated with overstory openness for male and female trees at all four sites over 2 years. Strobilus production was also associated with branch vig ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-057

22. Vegetative architecture of Elaeocarpus hookerianus. Transition from juvenile to adult

Author:
Day, J.S.; Gould, K.S.; Jameson, P.E.
Source:
Annals of botany 1997 v.79 no.6 pp. 617-624
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
juvenility; canopy; stem form; branching; maturity stage; length; width; branches; Elaeocarpus; shoots; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Elaeocarpus hookerianus Raoul is a profoundly heteroblastic tree native to New Zealand. We describe and quantify changes in leaf morphology and anatomy, and in branching pattern at different levels of insertion. Discrete juvenile, adolescent and adult phases were identified. The divaricating juvenile bore small leaves with thin laminae and an anatomy typical of shade-plants. Juveniles had dense ca ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0369

23. A gnotobiotic culture system with oak microcuttings to study specific effects of mycobionts on plant morphology before, and in the early phase of, ectomycorrhiza formation by Paxillus involutus and Piloderma croceum

Author:
S. HERRMANN; J.‐C. MUNCH; F. BUSCOT
Source:
new phytologist 1998 v.138 no.2 pp. 203-212
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; plant development; in vitro culture; root systems; Paxillus involutus; morphogenesis; seedlings; branching; vegetative propagation; leaf area; carbon; Quercus robur; branches; plant cuttings; roots; shoots
Abstract:
... Homogeneously developed oak (Quercus robur L.) microcuttings were challenged in a Petri‐dish system with the mycobionts Piloderma croceum J. Erikss. & Hjortst. and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. Non‐destructive observations over 10 wk followed by d. wt measurements at the end of the assays served to precisely characterize root and shoot development, dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization and morpho ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00105.x

24. Accumulation rate of ABA in detached maize roots correlates with root water potential regardless of age and branching order

Author:
Simonneau, T.; Barrieu, P.; Tardieu, F.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1998 v.21 no.11 pp. 1113-1122
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
abscisic acid; air drying; branches; branching; corn; drought; models; root tips; root water potential; shoots; water content
Abstract:
... How much ABA can be supplied by the roots is a key issue for modelling the ABA-mediated influence of drought on shoot physiology. We quantified accumulation rates of ABA (SABA) in maize roots that were detached from well-watered plants and dehydrated to various extents by air-drying. SABA was estimated from changes in ABA content in root segments incubated at constant relative water content (RWC). ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00344.x

25. Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40-year-old Picea abies on strongly acidified soils in the Harz Mountains (Germany)

Author:
Drexhage, M.; Gruber, F.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1998 v.28 no.1 pp. 13-22
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
microhabitats; height; water uptake; roots; shoots; nutrient uptake; Picea abies; length; root shoot ratio; forest decline; diameter; plant characteristics; stand density; branches; biomass; dry matter partitioning; root systems; acid soils; branching; conifer needles; Germany
Abstract:
... Altogether 15 root systems, five at each of three plots (north- and south-facing slopes and plateau), of 40-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees with different symptoms of forest decline were excavated down to a root diameter of 0.5 cm. The object was to investigate the variability of root morphology and to assess the influence of environmental variation on the architecture of the woody root sys ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-181

26. Branch development in Lupinus angustifolius L. I. Not all branches have the same potential growth rate

Author:
Miguel, L.C.; Longnecker, N.E.; Ma, Q.; Osborne, L.; Atkins, C.A.
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 1998 v.49 no.320 pp. 547-553
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
apical meristems; plant development; buds; nitrogen; nutrient availability; branching; benzyladenine; ecological competition; length; branches; Lupinus angustifolius; leaves; tissue culture
Abstract:
... Although the basal and uppermost lateral branches of Lupinus angustifolius L. frequently grow and contribute to yield, buds formed in the axils of leaves 6-12 (referred to as middle buds) rarely grow. This may be due to an inherent limitation of these buds, or some form of apical dominance or competition imposed by the plant. The hypothesis that middle buds have the full capacity to grow, but rema ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/49.320.547

27. Branch development in Lupinus angustifolius L. II. Relationship with endogenous ABA, IAA and cytokinins in axillary and main stem buds

Author:
Emery, R.J.N.; Longnecker, N.E.; Atkins, C.A.
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 1998 v.49 no.320 pp. 555-562
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
plant development; buds; quantitative analysis; stem form; chemical constituents of plants; branching; cytokinins; abscisic acid; branches; Lupinus angustifolius; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinins (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in buds of different regions (main stem and lateral branches) of Lupinus angustifolius L. (cv. Merrit) and at different stages in the development of branches. In lupin, branching patterns are the result of discrete regions of axillary branches (upper, middle and basal) which elongate at much dif ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/49.320.555

28. The influence of shoot growth on the pattern of axillary development on the long shoots of young apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Author:
Lauri, P.E.; Terouanne, E.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1998 v.159 no.2 pp. 283-296
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
Malus domestica; shoots; buds; branches; meristems; leaves; internodes; inflorescences; branching; plant development
DOI:
10.1086/297549

29. Branching principles governing the architecture of Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)

Author:
Hatta, H.; Honda, H.; Fisher, J.B.
Source:
Annals of botany 1999 v.84 no.2 pp. 183-193
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
inflorescences; plant development; buds; stem form; meristems; branching; internodes; leaves; branches; Cornus kousa
Abstract:
... The complex structure of the crown of Cornus kousa, generally five-forked in vegetative branching and two-forked in reproductive branching, is analysed quantitatively and described by two basic branching principles: decussate phyllotaxy and the resetting rule for planes of branching. Most Cornus species have opposite, decussate phyllotaxis. The leaf pair (with axillary buds) defines the branching ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1999.0906

30. Drought alters the canopy architecture and micro-climate of Hevea brasiliensis trees

Author:
Devakumar, A.S.; Prakash, P.G.; Sathik, M.B.M.; Jacob, J.
Source:
Trees 1999 v.13 no.3 pp. 161-167
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Hevea brasiliensis; drought; canopy; stem form; branching; microclimate; roots; spatial distribution; leaf area index; light; irrigation; diameter; branches; photosynthesis; India
DOI:
10.1007/PL00009747

31. Effect of stand density on radial growth of branches of Scots pine in southern and central Finland

Author:
Makinen, H.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1999 v.29 no.8 pp. 1216-1224
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
mathematical models; canopy; diameter; growth rings; tree age; branching; height; stand density; Pinus sylvestris; length; soil fertility; branches; Finland
Abstract:
... Branch growth dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied in 19 thinning experiments in southern and central Finland. Data were collected from 229 trees growing on sites of different fertility with different stand density, age, and canopy position. Radial increments were measured from discs from the base of the thickest branch on every fifth living whorl. Branch growth declined gradu ...
DOI:
10.1139/x99-060

32. Morphological and architectural features of young Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser (Fagaceae)

Author:
PUNTIERI, J.; RAFFAELE, E.; MARTINEZ, P.; BARTHÉLÉMY, D.; BRION, C.
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 1999 v.130 no.4 pp. 395-410
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
Fagaceae; Nothofagus pumilio; branches; branching; developmental stages; internodes; understory
Abstract:
... The morphology and architecture of young Nothofagus pumilio plants growing as understorey and in a cleared area were assessed. Length, number of internodes, presence of branches and apex condition were registered for each growth unit (GU) in the sampled plant. GUs were grouped according to branching order and age of the bearing axis. Understorey plants were seven years old and had a short trunk be ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00529.x

33. Structure and development of Sphenophyllum oblongifolium from the upper carboniferous of France

Author:
Galtier, J.; Daviero, V.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1999 v.160 no.5 pp. 1021-1033
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
plant development; diameter; branching; internodes; leaves; length; branches; plant morphology; paleobotany; France
DOI:
10.1086/314193

34. Apical control of branch growth and angle in woody plants

Author:
Wilson, B.F.
Source:
American journal of botany 2000 v.87 no.5 pp. 601-607
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
apical meristems; nutrient transport; buds; stem form; plant growth substances; branching; age; apical dominance; photosynthesis; woody plants; gravity; dormancy; branches; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Apical control is the inhibition of a lateral branch growth by shoots above it (distal shoots). If the distal shoots are cut off to remove apical control, the lateral branch can grow larger and may bend upwards. Apical control starts when new lateral buds grow after passing through a period of dormancy. Buds initially break and produce leaves, then apical control is exerted and the lower (proximal ...
PubMed:
10811784

35. Differences in growth and branch production by young plants of two provenances of Quercus robur L

Author:
Harmer, R.
Source:
Forestry 2000 v.73 no.3 pp. 271-281
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
plant development; phenotype; stem form; geographical variation; branching; plant characteristics; seed trees; height; Quercus robur; provenance; length; branches; Netherlands; England
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/73.3.271

36. Homeotic sexual translocations and the origin of maize (Zea mays, Poaceae): a new look at an old problem

Author:
Iltis, H.H.
Source:
Economic botany 2000 v.54 no.1 pp. 7-42
ISSN:
0013-0001
Subject:
inflorescences; Zea mays; homeotic genes; evolution; corn ears; branches; branching; tillering; apical dominance; mutants; genetic variation; chromosome translocation; plant organs; domestication; artificial selection
Abstract:
... In the Origin of Maize Controversy, the Orthodox Teosinte Hypothesis (OTH; Beadle 1939, 1972; Iltis 1971), five key mutations change 2-ranked (distichous) ears of teosinte (wild Zea) with a single row of grains per rank to 4- to many-ranked (polystichous) maize ears with a double row of grains per rank. BUT teosinte ears are lateral to the 1° branch axes, maize ears, like their male homologues, th ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02866598

37. Bud structure in relation to shoot morphology and position on the vegetative annual shoots of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)

Author:
Sabatier, S.; Barthelemy, D.
Source:
Annals of botany 2001 v.87 no.1 pp. 117-123
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; Juglans regia; branching; length; branches; plant morphology; leaf primordia; shoots
Abstract:
... The length and basal diameter of all lateral and terminal buds of vegetative annual shoots of 7-year-oldJuglans regia trees were measured. All buds were dissected and numbers of cataphylls, embryonic leaves and leaf primordia were recorded. Each axillary bud was ranked according to the position of its associated leaf from the apex to the base of its parent shoot. Bud size and content were analysed ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.2000.1312

38. Characterization of Hemineura frondosa and the Hemineureae trib. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from southern Australia

Author:
S. M. Lin; M. H. Hommersand; G. T. Kraft
Source:
Phycologia 2001 v.40 no.2 pp. 135-146
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Laingia; blades; branches; branching; cell division; Australia
Abstract:
... Hemineura is endemic to Australia and the sole member of the ‘Hemineura-Gruppe’, an informal taxon, equivalent to a tribe, that Kylin defined primarily by its bicarpogonial supporting cells. We have found that supporting cells carry not only two carpogonial branches but also two sterile groups, a type of procarp not known for any other member of the family Delesseriaceae or the order Ceramiales. T ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-40-2-135.1

39. Effect of nutrient optimization on branch characteristics in Picea abies (L.) Karst

Author:
Makinen, H.; Saranpaa, P.; Linder, S.
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2001 v.16 no.4 pp. 354-362
ISSN:
0282-7581
Subject:
Picea abies; branches; nutrient availability; fertigation; branching; plant morphology; mortality; diameter; stand density; fertilizers; application rate; Sweden
DOI:
10.1080/02827580120345

40. The influence of branches and leaf area on rooting and development of Cotinus coggygria cv. Royal Purple cuttings

Author:
Cameron, R.W.F.; Harrison-Murray, R.S.; Van Campfort, K.; Kesters, K.; Knight, L.J.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 2001 v.139 no.2 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Cotinus coggygria; ornamental woody plants; branching; branches; leaf area; auxins; source-sink relationships; rooting; plant cuttings; plant architecture; shape
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00392.x

41. Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Helminthocladia calvadosii, H. agardhiana and H. reyesii sp. nov. (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta) from the eastern Atlantic

Author:
Jacqueline A. O'Dwyer; Julio Afonso-Carrillo
Source:
Phycologia 2001 v.40 no.1 pp. 53-66
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Helminthocladia; branches; branching; new species; planting; Canary Islands; Spain
Abstract:
... The type species of Helminthocladia, Helminthocladia calvadosii, and two species known from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, H. agardhiana and H.reyesii O'Dwyer & Afonso-Carrillo sp. nov., are described in detail. The species are mainly distinguishable by their habit, the morphology of the cortical fascicles, and the type of carposporangium (undivided single terminal, quadripartite single t ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-40-1-53.1

42. A developmentally based categorization of branching in Trifolium repens L.: influence of nodal roots

Author:
Thomas, R.G.; Hay, M.J.M.; Newton, P.C.D.
Source:
Annals of botany 2002 v.90 no.3 pp. 379-389
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
root systems; Trifolium repens; stolons; branching; internodes; biochemical pathways; rooting; branches; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... This study describes the successive stages of development of branches from axillary buds in fully rooted plants of Trifolium repens grown in near optimal conditions, and the way in which this developmental pathway differs when nodal root formation is prevented as plants grow out from a rooted base. Cuttings of a single genotype were established in a glasshouse with nodal root systems on the two ba ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcf200
PubMed:
12234150
PubMed Central:
PMC4240400

43. European pear architecture and fruiting-branch management: overview of an INRA research program

Author:
Lauri, P.E.; Costes, E.; Belouin, A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2002 v. no.596 pp. 621-626
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
cultivars; flowering; branching; plant growth substances; pears; fruit quality; spring; trees; extinction; fruit growing; pests; pruning; branches; fruiting; shoots; France
Abstract:
... Tree architecture traits are often described in relation to planting densities, tree height or adaptation of the tree to mechanical pruning. The need to reduce both pruning costs and the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), notably in a context of integrated fruit production (IFP), lends further support to the development of architectural analysis as an aim in itself. A research program at the I ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.596.107

44. Fine root architecture of nine north american trees

Author:
Kurt S. Pregitzer; Jared L. DeForest; Andrew J. Burton; Michael F. Allen; Roger W. Ruess; Ronald L. Hendrick
Source:
Ecological monographs 2002 v.72 no.2 pp. 293-309
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Acer saccharum; Juniperus monosperma; Liriodendron tulipifera; Picea glauca; Pinus edulis; Pinus elliottii; Pinus resinosa; Populus balsamifera; Quercus alba; biogeochemical cycles; branches; branching; ecosystems; ectomycorrhizae; fine roots; fungi; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrients; root systems; root tips; trees; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; North America
Abstract:
... The fine roots of trees are concentrated on lateral branches that arise from perennial roots. They are important in the acquisition of water and essential nutrients, and at the ecosystem level, they make a significant contribution to biogeochemical cycling. Fine roots have often been studied according to arbitrary size classes, e.g., all roots less than 1 or 2 mm in diameter. Because of the size c ...
DOI:
10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0293:FRAONN]2.0.CO;2

45. Growth analysis and canopy architecture of velvetleaf grown under light conditions representative of irrigated Mediterranean-type agroecosystems

Author:
Steinmaus Scott J.; Norris Robert F.
Source:
Weed science 2002 v.50 no.1 pp. 42-53
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; agroecosystems; biomass; branches; branching; canopy; corn; dry matter partitioning; irrigation; kidney beans; leaf area index; leaves; net assimilation rate; seeds; shade; solar radiation; weed science
Abstract:
... Velvetleaf growth and canopy architecture were compared under a range of light conditions representative of competitive and noncompetitive environments typical of irrigated Mediterranean-type agroecosystems. Velvetleaf biomass and seed production exceeded those reported in the literature. Plants grown in full light produced 1,370 g dry weight and 44,200 seeds per plant and showed low relative vari ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0042:GAACAO]2.0.CO;2

46. Investigation of individual variability of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) based on morphological and chemical evaluation

Author:
D'Antuono, L.F.; Neri, R.; Moretti, A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2002 no.576 pp. -
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Salvia officinalis; branches; branching; color; cultivars; essential oils; leaf area; leaves; models; phyllotaxy; sage
Abstract:
... Only a few sage cultivars have been selected until now, which can be still characterised by quite high individual variability. Further exploitation and analysis of individual variability seem to be necessary for successful improvement of populations. Eighty-five individuals of a sage population of a synthetic cultivar ('Antella') had been detail studied for their morphological and chemical charact ...

47. Morphology of Acanthophora nayadiformis (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Author:
Ester Cecere; Cesira Perrone
Source:
Phycologia 2002 v.41 no.5 pp. 523-532
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Acanthophora; branches; branching; parenting; parents; perennials; planting; reproductive system; thallus
Abstract:
... Acanthophora nayadiformis is a perennial species of red alga that overwinters by means of a rhizomatous prostrate system; both reproductive and vegetative plants are also able to spread by means of specialized vegetative propagules that have never been reported in other Acanthophora species. A detailed study of thallus morphology has highlighted four kinds of primordia in this species, distinct in ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-41-5-523.1

48. Shade promotes thorn development in a tropical liana, Artabotrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae)

Author:
Fisher, J.B.; Posluszny, U.; Lee, D.W.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 2002 v.163 no.2 pp. 295-300
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
Annonaceae; shade; branches; shoots; red light; far-red light; mechanical damage; branching; spectral analysis
DOI:
10.1086/338396

49. Spatial arrangement of branches in relation to slope and neighbourhood competition

Author:
Sumida, A.; Terazawa, I.; Togashi, A.; Komiyama, A.
Source:
Annals of botany 2002 v.89 no.3 pp. 301-310
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Castanea crenata; plant communities; branches; spatial distribution; length; branching; plant morphology; forest trees; Japan
Abstract:
... To gain a better understanding of the effects of spatial structure on patterns of neighbourhood competition among hardwood trees, the three-dimensional extension of primary branches was surveyed for ten community-grown Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) trees with respect to the positioning of neighbouring branches and the slope of the forest floor. There were significantly more branches extending toward ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcf042
PubMed:
12096742
PubMed Central:
PMC4233821

50. A quantitative study of lateral branching in petunia

Author:
Snowden, Kimberley C.; Napoli, Carolyn A.
Source:
Functional plant biology 2003 v.30 no.9 pp. 987-994
ISSN:
1445-4408
Subject:
Petunia hybrida; branches; branching; buds; flowering; flowers; mutants; phenotype; shoots
Abstract:
... The monopodial shoot axis of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm) has two different patterns of branch development. Basal lateral branching develops acropetally and is limited to a discrete number of nodes that correlate with the late rosette phase of growth (Zone II). Two zones of suppressed buds immediately precede and follow this zone of branching. Apical branching occurs in response to flowering, de ...
DOI:
10.1071/FP03081