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1. Biotechnological interventions to improve plant developmental traits

Author:
Handa, Avtar K.; Srivastava, Alka; Deng, Zhiping; Gaffe, Joel; Arora, Ajay; Tiznado-Hernandez, Martin-Ernesto; Goyal, Ravinder K.; Malladi, Anish; Negi, Pradeep S.; Mattoo, Autar K.
Source:
Transgenic crop plants / Chittaranjan Kole ... [et al.], editors pp. -
Subject:
cytoplasmic male sterility; plant growth; plant genetics; flowering; transgenic plants; branching; biotechnology; plant fertility; genetic engineering; ripening; fruiting; shoots
Handle:
10113/45817

2. Branching of rice plants

Author:
Jones, J.W.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1925 v.17 no.10 pp. 619-623
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Oryza sativa; plant development; stems; branching; California
Abstract:
... The term branching refers to the production of shoots at the nodes on the main and secondary culms of rice. It is of no economic importance in the California rice fields. At the Biggs Rice Field Station, under certain conditions, branching is quite common in early maturing varieties. In California branching is most intimately connected with early maturity and ample space for the plant development. ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1925.00021962001700100006x

3. Effect of soil reaction on the early growth of certain coniferous seedlings

Author:
Sundling, H.L.; McIntyre, A.C.; Patrick, A.L.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1932 v.24 no.5 pp. 341-351
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Pinus; Picea; silt loam soils; sandy soils; soil pH; crop yield; seedling growth; seed germination; branching
Abstract:
... The data presented in the various tables indicate that soil acidity, either-directly or indirectly, is an important factor in growth and development of coniferous seedlings. ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1932.00021962002400050001x

4. Spacing in relation to the development of the flax plant

Author:
Klages, K.H.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1932 v.24 no.1 pp. 1-17
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Linum usitatissimum; crop yield; stems; branching; bolls; linseed oil
Abstract:
... North Dakota Resistant No. 114 and Bison flax were grown in 6-inch drill rows at intervals ranging from unthinned plants at the rate of 21 to 22 per foot of drill row to 1 1/2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 inches between plants in the drill rows. Seed yields per plat decreased in much the same proportion as the number of plants per foot of drill row. Correlation studies between number of plants per drill r ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1932.00021962002400010001x

5. The physiological behavior of regional strains of potatoes

Author:
Pieper, J.J.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1932 v.24 no.4 pp. 300-311
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Solanum tuberosum; strain differences; branching; cutting; diameter; seedling emergence; vigor
Abstract:
... The results of this experiment indicate that the number of eyes per tuber is greatest for southern strains, but probably has no significance relative to yields when whole tubers are planted. Northern strains of potatoes produce fewer stalks per seed piece than other strains. The area for seed potato production may be determined roughly by planting the tubers from various regions and noting the num ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1932.00021962002400040006x

6. Analysis of yield in certain oat varieties

Author:
Fore, R.E.; Woodworth, C.M.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1933 v.25 no.3 pp. 190-202
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Avena sativa; crop yield; variety trials; correlation; shoots; tillers; inflorescences; branching
Abstract:
... A yield analysis of 20 varieties of oats was made. Data were taken on about 100 individual plants of each variety for 12 characters influencing yield. These characters were tillers per plant, panicles per plant, whorls per plant, branches per plant, yield per plant, yield per panicle, whorls per panicle, branches per panicle, branches per whorl, percent of sterile spikelets, percent of hull, and a ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1933.00021962002500030005x

7. Genetics of the soybean

Author:
Woodworth, C.M.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1933 v.25 no.1 pp. 36-51
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
variety trials; heterosis; testa; Glycine max; branching; stem nodules; genetic correlation; crossing; crop yield; chromosome mapping; genes; color; linkage (genetics); transgressive segregation; leaves; pods
Abstract:
... 1. A list of genes and a chromosome map are given to show the progress made to date in a genetic analysis of the soybean. 2. The mode of inheritance of three characters is described. Bloom on the seed coat is considered to be due to three complementary genes B1, B2, and B3, all three of which must be present to produce the character. Variegated leaf (v1) is a simple recessive to normal (V1), and d ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1933.00021962002500010004x

8. Effect of spacing on the development of the flax plant

Author:
Dillman, A.C.; Brinsmade, J.C. Jr.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1938 v.30 no.4 pp. 267-278
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Linum usitatissimum; plant development; spatial distribution; plant morphology; varieties; inflorescences; branching; bolls; seeds; oils; iodine value; rain; evaporation; stems; diameter; North Dakota
Abstract:
... The data show that every vegetative character of the plant is influenced by the space available for plant development. In making plant selections, therefore, the flax breeder should consider the importance of spacing in relation to the height, diameter of stem, number of basal branches, number of bolls, and yield of seed. With plants spaced either 2 or 3 inches apart, in rows 1 foot apart, the veg ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1938.00021962003000040001x

9. Inheritance of growth habit, cotyledon color, and cup-leaf in Melilotus alba

Author:
Hartwig, E.E.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1942 v.34 no.2 pp. 160-166
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
genetic improvement; branching; cotyledons; color; linkage (genetics)
Abstract:
... Genetic studies with Melilotus alba have shown that: The growth habits of F.C. 13074 and of the dwarf-branching segregate of F.P.I. 89911 are inherited as simple recessives to the common growth type. The gene determining the dwarf-branching character in F.C. 13074 is different from the gene determining a similar character in the Alpha type and also different from the gene determining the dwarf-bra ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1942.00021962003400020007x

10. Subirrigation and Plant Nutrition I. Alfalfa Root Distribution and Soil Properties

Author:
R. L. Fox; R. C. Lipps
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1955 v.19 no.4 pp. 468-473
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
A horizons; alfalfa; branching; buried soils; calcium; fertilizers; fibrous roots; gravel; magnesium; nutrient availability; plant growth; plant nutrition; roots; sand; silt; sodium; soil analysis; soil properties; sorption; subsurface irrigation; water table
Abstract:
... Root systems of subirrigated alfalfa plants and some associated soil properties have been studied. Under certain conditions a concentration of fibrous roots occurred in saturated soil above and below the water table. Roots occurred in abundance in pockets of fine sand and silt while adjacent pockets of moist sand and gravel were essentially devoid of roots. These observations and soil analyses sug ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900040021x

11. Toxic Factors in Acid Soils: I. Characterization of Aluminum Toxicity in Cotton

Author:
C. D. Foy; J. C. Brown
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1963 v.27 no.4 pp. 403-407
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Gossypium; absorption; acid soils; aluminum; branching; calcium; cotton; crop yield; liming; nutrient solutions; pH; potassium; toxicity
Abstract:
... Aluminum toxicity is one of the limiting factors in acid soils. Increased yields of cotton and uptake of P were obtained by liming a Bladen soil. The same results were obtained in Al-containing nutrient solutions by increasing the pH of the solution or by adding increasing amounts of P. In each case, Al was precipitated and cotton absorbed more P, Ca, and K concomitant with increased yields. A P/A ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700040017x

12. Response of Sudangrass Hybrids to Cutting Practices

Author:
Ethan C. Holt; George D. Alston
Source:
Agronomy journal 1968 v.60 no.3 pp. 303-306
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii; apical meristems; branching; carbohydrates; cutting; early flowering; forage yield; harvesting; hybrids; regrowth; stubble; tillering
Abstract:
... Two sorghum ✕ sudangrass hybrids were planted in rows I m wide and cut at three stages of development (frequencies) and three stubble heights. Location of apical and secondary meristems at cutting and origin and type of regrowth were recorded as well as yield and total growth. Best forage yields were obtained with less frequent harvest and shorter stubble heights, but stubble height within frequen ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1968.00021962006000030017x

13. Observations on the structure and biology of haplomitrium and takakia, hepatics with roots

Author:
P. J. GRUBB
Source:
new phytologist 1970 v.69 no.2 pp. 303-326
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
branching; drying; gametophytes; leaves; mosses and liverworts; roots; shoots; solutes
Abstract:
... The gametophytes of certain species of Haplomitrium and of Takakia have organs that may be called roots. These normally grow downward, are almost colourless and, unlike flagella‐shoots, have no leaf rudiments. They may have up to two orders of branching; they have no root‐caps but are covered by mucilage if grown in dry conditions. The axes of most species have a central cylinder of elongated ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02430.x

14. Adaptation of Growth Form in Echium Leucophaeum (Boraginaceae)

Author:
Kornelius Lems; Christina M. Holzapfel
Source:
Ecology 1971 v.52 no.3 pp. 499-506
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Echium; altitude; branches; branching; climate; ecotypes; evaporation; flowering; fruiting; gardens; periodicity; physiological response; rain; sea level; seedlings; temperature; wind speed; woody plants; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Ecotype formation in eight populations of Echium leucophaeum was studied on La Palma (Canary Islands) at 100—m intervals from sea level to 600 m elevation. Climate varied with altitude, the lower elevation having higher temperatures, evaporation, and wind velocity and lower rainfall. A method for recording growth form of individual plants was developed whereby lateral branch production and branchi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937633

15. Growth and Composition Responses of Soybeans to Some Growth Regulators

Author:
B. S. Basnet; G. M. Paulsen; C. D. Nickell
Source:
Agronomy journal 1972 v.64 no.4 pp. 550-552
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; application rate; benzoic acids; branches; branching; chemical composition; crop production; growth regulators; leaves; mechanism of action; oils; plant growth; plant height; pods; polyethylene glycol; sorbitol; soybeans; surfactants; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... Some growth regulators studied for morphological and yield effects on soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have not been studied for chemical compositional effects, particularly under Great Plains conditions. The objective of this study was to compare morphological aud mature seed compositional responses of 11 growth regulators. Eleven growth regulators of various modes of action were applied at two ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1972.00021962006400040041x

16. Corn root-Configuration Response to Soil Temperature and Matric Suction

Author:
R. R. Allmaras; W. W. Nelson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1973 v.65 no.5 pp. 725-730
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; adventitious roots; branching; corn; growing season; interrow tillage; management systems; minimum tillage; root growth; root systems; soil depth; soil temperature; straw mulches; water management
Abstract:
... Soil temperature and water variables imposed on the roots of corn (Zea mays L.) in field plots influenced root development. Responses were measured in separate portions of the root system where adventitious roots initiate and subsequent root elongation and branching occurs. These portions of the corn root system are separated far enough to permit specific field management for each portion. Tempera ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500050015x

17. Techniques for Determining Root Length Infected by Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Author:
J. R. Ambler; J. L. Young
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1977 v.41 no.3 pp. 551-556
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; branching; cortex; data collection; fungi; glycerol; microscopy; potassium hydroxide; root hairs; soil; staining; stele; syringes; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Techniques were adapted and combined to estimate root lengths and total root length with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infection. Steps include separating roots quantitatively from known volumes of soil, cutting roots into short segments to allow subsampling and mounting, clearing tissue in 10% KOH, staining fungi with trypan blue, subsampling root segments suspended in glycerol by using a ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100030026x

18. Compensatory Growth in the Crown Root System of Sorghum

Author:
W. R. Jordan; Marion McCrary; F. R. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1979 v.71 no.5 pp. 803-806
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; branching; compensatory growth; genetic traits; grain sorghum; hydroponics; lateral roots; leaf area; nutrients; planting; root systems; shoots
Abstract:
... The number of crown roots which develop on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) plants under field conditions is often reduced far below the genetic potential. As a first step toward understanding the significance of the number of crown roots to total function of the root system, we conducted experiments to determine the capacity for growth when root numbers were restricted by clipping trea ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100050024x

19. The Functional Morphology of Turf‐Forming Seaweeds: Persistence in Stressful Marine Habitats

Author:
Mark E. Hay
Source:
Ecology 1981 v.62 no.3 pp. 739-750
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
anatomy and morphology; biomass; branching; competitive exclusion; grazing intensity; habitats; herbivores; lawns and turf; macroalgae; photosynthesis; space and time; tides
Abstract:
... Many seaweeds that occur in physically stressful habitats or habitats subject to moderate herbivory grow as colonial turfs rather than as spatially separated individuals. The turf growth form is energetically expensive (the net production per gram ash free dry mass of turfs being 33—61% lower than that of individuals), but turfs suffer less physiological damage during desiccating low tides and los ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937742

20. Simulating Alfalfa Weevil Effects by Defoliation

Author:
Gary W. Fick
Source:
Agronomy journal 1982 v.74 no.5 pp. 835-840
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Hypera postica; Medicago sativa; alfalfa; branching; control methods; crop yield; crops; crude protein; defoliation; economic evaluation; forage; larvae; leaf mass; nutrients; pest control; pests; phytophagous insects
Abstract:
... Yield loss assessment and the economic evaluation of pest control practices require an understanding of how pests affect crops. Hand removal of alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) leaflets to simulate insect defoliation was used (a) to compare simulated and natural defoliation by the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal), (b) to relate yield reduction to the amount of leaf mass removed, and (c) to de ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1982.00021962007400050016x

21. Genetic components of morphological variation in salix repens

Author:
NORMA FOWLER; J. ZASADA; J. L. HARPER
Source:
new phytologist 1983 v.95 no.1 pp. 121-131
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Salix; branching; clones; female flowers; genetic variation; greenhouses
Abstract:
... The presence of statistically significant levels of genetic variation in a series of quantitative morphological characters in a dune population of Salix repens L. was demonstrated by the comparison of half‐sibs grown in the glasshouse from field‐collected seed. Although the plants showed considerable phenotypic differentiation between ridges and slacks in the natural population, only the amoun ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb03475.x

22. Influence of vernalization and photoperiod on supernumerary spikelet expression in wheat

Author:
Pennell, A.; Halloran, G.M.
Source:
Annals of botany 1984 v.53 no.6 pp. 821-831
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Triticum; inflorescences; plant breeding; photoperiod; temperature; branching; genotype; vernalization
Abstract:
... Two tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L.emend gr. turgidum and gr. durum) and five hexaploid wheats (Triticum × aestivum L. emend gr. aestivum) with reported tendencies for ‘branched heads’ (supernurnerary spikelets) exhibited variation in its expression under different vernalization photoperiod and temperature regimes. Two main types of supernumerary spikelets were identified, multiple sessile spikel ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086752

23. On the ordered development of plants. 3. Branching by the grain legume Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar)

Author:
Charles-Edwards, D.A.; Beech, D.F.
Source:
Annals of botany 1984 v.54 no.5 pp. 673-679
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; plant development; branching; plant density
Abstract:
... Two selections of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) with contrasting branching patterns were grown at three plant densities at two times of the year. The numbers of growing vegetative meristems (branches and main stems) per unit ground area at the start of reproductive growth were linearly related to the amount of the incident light energy intercepted by the different crops of each selecti ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086837

24. The Effect of Shading by the Table Coral Acropora Hyacinthus on Understory Corals

Author:
John Stimson
Source:
Ecology 1985 v.66 no.1 pp. 40-53
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Acropora; Hyacinthus; branching; canopy; corals; death; habitats; light intensity; lighting; mortality; shade; surveys; understory; Marshall Islands
Abstract:
... Field surveys at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, show that coral density and diversity is much lower beneath Acropora table corals than in adjacent unshaded areas. Additionally, the understory community is predominantly composed of massive and encrusting species, while branching Acropora and Pocillopora predominate in unshaded areas. Results of experiments in which coral fragments were transferr ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941305

25. Flowering and branching in Lathyrus odoratus L.: environmental and genetic effects

Author:
Ross, J.J.; Murfet, I.C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1985 v.55 no.5 pp. 715-726
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Lathyrus odoratus; cultivars; flowering; branching; photoperiod; genetics; vernalization
Abstract:
... Three flowering classes were identified amongst Lathyrus odoratus L. cultivars on the basis of response to photoperiod. Class DN is essentially day-neutral and it corresponds to the early (winter) flowering group. Classes LDI and LDH are long day types with an intermediate and high response to photoperiod, respectively. These classes correspond to the Cuthbertson (spring) and late (summer) groups. ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086950

26. A comparison of the flowering and branching control systems in Lathyrus odoratus L. and Pisum sativum L

Author:
Ross, J.J.; Murfet, I.C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1985 v.56 no.6 pp. 847-856
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
flowering; branching; Pisum sativum; Lathyrus odoratus; transposons
Abstract:
... In the sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) the difference in floweringbehaviour between photoperiodic (long-day) and day-neutral cultivars appears to be due to a difference in their ability to produce a graft-transmissible floral inhibitor. The flowering control systems in the sweet pea and the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) appear to be very similar on the basis of inter-generic graft results. It is ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087077

27. Cytokinin effect on branching and bud formation in Funaria

Author:
Bopp, M.; Jacob, H.J.
Source:
Planta 1986 v.169 no.3 pp. 462-464
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
cytokinins; branching; mosses and liverworts
DOI:
10.1007/BF00392145
PubMed:
24232661

28. Morphology and development of the reproductive shoots of Lilaea scilloides (Poir.) Hauman (Alismatidae)

Author:
U. POSLUSZNY; W. A. CHARLTON; D. K. JAIN
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 1986 v.92 no.4 pp. 323-342
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
adults; branching; buds; carpels; female flowers; leaves; male flowers; mature plants; ovules; perianth; shoots; stamens
Abstract:
... Shoots of adult plants of Lilaea scilloides have a sympodial form. Each unit of the sympodium bears a single sheathing prophyll (which is the only kind of foliage leaf produced in the adult) and terminates in an inflorescence. The prophyll subtends the next unit of the sympodium. A further accessory bud can form in association with each unit. This bud repeats the pattern of the main sympodium, giv ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01435.x

29. Photoperiod Effect before and after Flowering on Branch Development in Determinate Soybean

Author:
J. E. Board; J. R. Settimi
Source:
Agronomy journal 1986 v.78 no.6 pp. 995-1002
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
planting date; Glycine max; flowering; branching; photoperiod; Louisiana
Abstract:
... Previous research indicated that restricted branch development was a factor associated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield reductions at late planting dates in the southeastern United States. The present studies were conducted to outline the progress of branch development at different planting dates and to determine the role of photoperiod in branch restriction at late planting dates. ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800060013x

30. The mechanism of action of vernalization in Lathyrus odoratus L

Author:
Ross, J.J.; Murfet, I.C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1986 v.57 no.6 pp. 783-790
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Lathyrus odoratus; flowering; branching; genotype; vernalization
Abstract:
... In the sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) genes Dnl andDrh control the production of a graft-transmissible substance which delays flowering and promotes outgrowth of basal laterals. Seed vernalization promotes flowering and reduces lateral outgrowth in intact plants and grafted scions of genotype DniDnl, suggesting that vernalization reduces output of the Dni system, possibly by disrupting the relat ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087161

31. A physiological analysis of the branching pattern in sequential types of groundnut in relation to the fruiting nodes and the total mature pods produced

Author:
Shashidhar, V.R.; Chari, M.; Prasad, T.G.; Kumar, M.U.
Source:
Annals of botany 1986 v.58 no.6 pp. 801-807
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
branching; varieties; Arachis hypogaea; fruiting; pods
Abstract:
... The branching pattern of eight sequential branching types of groundnut was studied and the contribution of each node (fruiting point) of the n, n+1 and n+2 branches (if present) to the total number of mature pods per plant ascertained. The results indicated that n+2 branches were present in several varieties and their contribution to mature pods was significant in some of them. The first three nod ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087262

32. The topology and geometry of plant root systems: influence of watering rate on root system topology in Trifolium pratense

Author:
Fitter, A.H.
Source:
Annals of botany 1986 v.58 no.1 pp. 91-101
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Trifolium pratense; root systems; irrigation; branching; water transportation
Abstract:
... The description of branching structures is discussed and a link-based system is described. This system can be used to distinguish topologically distinct networks and the growth rules which give rise to distinct topologies are outlined. Classifications of links within networks are also described. These methods are applied to the analysis of red clover Trifolium pratense root systems grown at differ ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087191

33. Effets de la taille en vert sur le cépage Tempranillo dans la région de la Rioja Alavesa

Author:
Enrique López Fernández
Source:
OENO One 1987 v.21 no.4 pp. 239-246
ISSN:
2494-1271
Subject:
alcohol abuse; branches; branching; leaves; shoots; training (plants); vegetation; vines; yields
Abstract:
... Les effets du rognage et la suppression des entre-coeurs sur le cépage Tempranillo ont été étudiés en 1986, dans deux vignobles de la Rioja Alavesa. L'essai comprenait 560 souches considérées individuellement. Le rognage augmente la production et diminue le degré alcoolique probable. La suppression des entre-coeurs donne les meilleurs résultats, quand elle est faite au début de la floraison, mais ...
DOI:
10.20870/oeno-one.1987.21.4.1289

34. Investigating the ecological and evolutionary significance of plant growth form using stochastic simulation

Author:
Ford, H.
Source:
Annals of botany 1987 v.59 no.5 pp. 487-494
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
stochastic processes; branching
Abstract:
... Results from a computer program which simulates the growth of plants by stochastic simulation are presented. The simulated plants grow in an acceptably realistic fashion, and can be grown with any combination of main and lateral branch angle branch probability and internode distance Growth rates are shown to depend upon branch probability, and whilst the growth of monopodial systems is shown to be ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087341

35. Models for the control of branch positions and flowering sequences of capitula in mycelis muralis (l.) dumont (compositae)

Author:
J. M. JANSSEN; A. LINDENMAYER
Source:
new phytologist 1987 v.105 no.2 pp. 191-220
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Asteraceae; apical dominance; auxins; branching; florigen; flowering; inflorescences; models
Abstract:
... The development of highly branched inflorescences is considered. Two main characteristics of these structures are the flowering sequences (acropetal, basipetal or divergent) and the branch production (acrotonic, basitonic or mesotonic), which can be different on various branching orders (paracladia). A widespread pattern, found especially among Compositae, is a basipetal or divergent flowering seq ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00859.x

36. Periodic Shading and the Location and Timing of Branches in Soybean

Author:
Basil Acock; Mary C. Acock
Source:
Agronomy journal 1987 v.79 no.6 pp. 949-952
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; branches; branching; carbon; nutrient availability; artificial shade; Mississippi
Abstract:
... An understanding of the environmental influences on branch initiation and growth is essential for developing mechanistic models that simulate crop behavior. In this study shading was used to determine how limited C availability affects the timing and location of branches in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] plants grown outdoors. Carbon availability was limited by covering the plants with 66% shade ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900060001x

37. Allometry and sexual differences in leaf size

Author:
Bond, W.J.; Midgley, J.
Source:
American naturalist 1988 v.131 no.6 pp. 901-910
ISSN:
0003-0147
Subject:
Leucadendron; leaf area; allometry; gender differences; branching; seedlings; adults; prediction; ontogeny; dimorphism; South Africa
DOI:
10.1086/284830

38. Flowering and branching in Lathyrus odoratus L.: loci sp and b

Author:
Ross, J.J.; Murfet, I.C.
Source:
Theoretical and applied genetics 1988 v.76 no.6 pp. 941-946
ISSN:
0040-5752
Subject:
Lathyrus odoratus; flowering; branching; genetic techniques and protocols; mutants; photoperiod
DOI:
10.1007/BF00273685
PubMed:
24232408

39. Growth and Canopy Architecture of Shade‐Tolerant Trees: Response to Canopy Gaps

Author:
Charles D. Canham
Source:
Ecology 1988 v.69 no.3 pp. 786-795
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum; Fagus; branches; branching; canopy gaps; forests; leaf area index; leaves; saplings; shade tolerance; shoots; surface area; woody plants
Abstract:
... Patterns of aboveground growth, branching, and leaf display were examined in saplings of Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) and Fagus grandifola Ehrh. (beech) to determine (1) the responses of aboveground growth rates to variation in forest light regimes and (2) the importance of branching and leaf display patterns to the ability of saplings of these two species to respond to changes in forest li ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941027

40. Techniques to maximize cutting production

Author:
Wilkins, H.F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 1988 v. no.226 pp. 137-143
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
horticultural crops; apical meristems; branching; apical dominance; rooting; lighting; growth regulators; plant cuttings
Abstract:
... Branching of the apical meristem is the basis of all horticultural production. The number of vegetative shoots ultimately determines the number of reproductive sites; the number of flowers formed on a meristematic site ultimately determines the number of flowers or fruit harvested. In this symposium we are primarily concerned with shoot or vegetative development and root regeneration. The understa ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.1988.226.14

41. Aluminum Effects on Northern Red Oak Seedling Growth in Six Forest Soil Horizons

Author:
J. D. Joslin; M. H. Wolfe
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1989 v.53 no.1 pp. 274-281
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Fragiorthods; Fragiudults; Paleudalfs; Quercus rubra; acid deposition; acidification; aluminum; base saturation; biomass production; branching; calcium; calcium hydroxide; calcium sulfate; culture media; fine roots; forest soils; greenhouse experimentation; hydrochloric acid; root growth; root systems; seedling growth; seedlings; soil horizons; soil pH; soil sampling; toxicity; Mississippi; Missouri; New York
Abstract:
... The response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings to varying levels of soil Al was examined in a 16-wk greenhouse study. Forest soil samples representing three soil series were used as growth media: Captina (Fragiudult, Missouri), Lexington (Paleudalf, Mississippi) and Becket (Fragiorthod, New York). Soil from two horizons from each series was separately amended in four treatments to c ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300010050x

42. Distribution Pattern of Seed Yield in Cowpea

Author:
Brain A. Kahn; Peter J. Stoffella
Source:
Crop science 1989 v.29 no.4 pp. 981-984
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
cultivars; Vigna unguiculata; seeds; branching; yield components; genetic variation; plant morphology; pods; Oklahoma; Florida
Abstract:
... Vertical distribution patterns of seed yield have not been reported for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. This study was conducted to describe the distribution of seed yield and yield components in several cowpca cultivars and to document possible cultivar differences. Ten cultivars were evaluated in 1985 at Fort Pierce, FL on an Oldsmar fine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Arenic ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900040032x

43. Interplay of Morphology and Development on Size Inequality: A Polygonum Greenhouse Study

Author:
Monica A. Geber
Source:
Ecological monographs 1989 v.59 no.3 pp. 267-288
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Polygonum; asymmetry; branches; branching; greenhouse experimentation; intraspecific competition; leaves; reproduction; seedlings; seeds; shade; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... Increases in size inequalities with time in cohorts of plants have been attributed to two causes: (1) variation in the exponential relative growth rates (RGR) of plants and (2) asymmetry of competitive interactions, whereby large plants can more readily suppress the growth of smaller neighbors than vice versa. It follows, then, that species with a longer exponential growth phase should develop gre ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942602

44. Involvement of ethylene in ectomycorrhiza formation and dichotomous branching of roots of mugo pine seedlings

Author:
Rupp, L.A.; Mudge, K.W.; Negm, F.B.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1989 v.67 no.2 pp. 477-482
ISSN:
0008-4026
Subject:
Pinus mugo; seedlings; roots; branching; ethylene; Laccaria laccata; Pisolithus tinctorius; ectomycorrhizae
DOI:
10.1139/b89-067

45. Sampling and histological procedures for diagnosis of ash yellows

Author:
Sinclair, W.A.; Iuli, R.J.; Dyer, A.T.; Larsen, A.O.
Source:
Plant disease 1989 v.73 no.5 pp. 432-435
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
disease diagnosis; Fraxinus americana; sampling; fluorescent dyes; roots; branches; branching; Phytoplasma
DOI:
10.1094/PD-73-0432

46. Assimilation, Partitioning, and Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sweet Compared with Grain Sorghum

Author:
D. M. Vietor; F. R. Miller
Source:
Crop science 1990 v.30 no.5 pp. 1109-1115
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbon dioxide; hybrids; grain crops; branches; photosynthates; gas exchange; branching; net assimilation rate; leaf area; gibberellic acid; maturity stage; defoliation; Sorghum bicolor; genetic variation; sweet sorghum
Abstract:
... Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in stems are greater for sweet than grain sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Knowledge of plant characteristics associated with high nonstructural carbohydrates in sweet sorghum will aid efforts to increase nonstructural carbohydrates in grain sorghum stems. This study tested the hypothesis that variation of CO₂ assimilation rate, leaf area, branching ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000050030x

47. Development of the inflorescence in wild oats

Author:
Landes, A.; Porter, J.R.
Source:
Annals of botany 1990 v.66 no.1 pp. 41-50
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Avena fatua; plant development; branching; florets; ultrastructure; plant morphology; leaf primordia
Abstract:
... The morphological development of the inflorescence of wild oats and a description of the developmental course of the apex, its branches, spikelets and florets is given. Light and scanning electron micrographs illustrate the sequential stages of development of the inflorescence of wild and cultivated oats which can be divided into three periods. Vegetative development is characterized by the initia ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087998

48. Growth Form and Yield Responses of Four Cotton Cultivars to Ozone

Author:
Patrick J. Temple
Source:
Agronomy journal 1990 v.82 no.6 pp. 1045-1050
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cultivars; stomatal conductance; Gossypium hirsutum; branching; ozone; varietal resistance; plant morphology; harvest index; root shoot ratio; air pollution; California
Abstract:
... Cultivars of crop plants can differ widely in their susceptibilities to yield losses induced by the air pollutant ozone (O₃), but relatively little is known of the physiological mechanisms that account for these differences. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differ in degree of determinance, which may affect cultivar responses to O₃ through effects on rates of maturation of the cultivars. F ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200060003x

49. Plant Morphology of Cassava During Summer and Winter

Author:
Luis A. Manrique
Source:
Agronomy journal 1990 v.82 no.5 pp. 881-886
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Manihot esculenta; seasonal growth; summer; winter; air temperature; plant morphology; leaf area; stems; branching; roots; crop yield; growth models; phenology; Hawaii
Abstract:
... The information on developmental changes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in response to environment is often lacking despite interest in such work. This study was conducted to examine how patterns of leaf area development, plant growth, and root production were influenced by seasonal changes in temperature. A field experiment was established during summer 1986 and winter 1987 on the island o ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200050007x

50. Soybean Growth Responses and Intraspecific Competition from Simulated Seedcorn Maggot Injury

Author:
Leon G. Higley; Larry P. Pedigo
Source:
Agronomy journal 1990 v.82 no.6 pp. 1057-1063
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; Delia platura; simulation models; plant density; branching; intraspecific competition; leaf area index; Iowa
Abstract:
... The consequences of early-season insect injury on subsequent plant development often are obscure. Further, such injury may produce intraspecific competition between injured and uninjured plants. We examined these issues by studying the impact of simulated seedcorn maggot (SCM) [Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)], injury to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], in field studies from 1983 t ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200060005x

51. Sympodial and monopodial branching in Acer: implications for tree architecture and adaptive significance

Author:
Sakai, S.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1990 v.68 no.7 pp. 1549-1553
ISSN:
0008-4026
Subject:
Acer; shoots; branching; environmental factors; computer techniques; Japan
DOI:
10.1139/b90-198

52. Branching, flowering and pod-set patterns in snap-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by temperature

Author:
Kigel, J.; Konsens, I.; Ofir, M.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1991 v.71 no.4 pp. 1233-1242
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; branching; flowering; temperature; seed set; cultivars
DOI:
10.4141/cjps91-171

53. Canopy development of a determinate and an indeterminate cultivar of Vicia faba L. under contrasting plant distributions and densities

Author:
Stutzel, H.; Aufhammer, W.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 1991 v.118 no.1 pp. 185-199
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Vicia faba; cultivars; plant density; spatial distribution; canopy; leaves; leaf area; branching; genotype-environment interaction; German Federal Republic
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb06097.x

54. Discriminant alleles and discriminant analysis: efficient characters to separate closely related species: the example of Lathyrus latifolius L. and Lathyrus sylvestris L. (Leguminosae)

Author:
VALERO, MYRIAM; HOSSAERT-MCKEY, MARTINE
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 1991 v.107 no.2 pp. 139-161
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
sympatry; ovules; discriminant analysis; alleles; fruits; seeds; asexual reproduction; branching; divergent evolution; reproductive traits; Lathyrus latifolius; Lathyrus sylvestris; allozymes; reproductive isolation; habitats; quantitative traits; France
Abstract:
... VALERO, M. & HOSSAERT-MCKEY, M., 1991. Discriminant alleles and discriminant analysis: efficient characters to separate closely related species: the example of Lathyrus latifolius L. and Lathyrus sylvestris L. (Leguminosae). Two species of Lathyrus (L. latifolius and L. sylvestris) were compared using allozymes and quantitative vegetative and reproductive traits. The variation in these characters ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1991.tb00221.x

55. Soybean Yield Responses and Intraspecific Competition from Simulated Seedcorn Maggot Injury

Author:
Leon G. Higley; Larry P. Pedigo
Source:
Agronomy journal 1991 v.83 no.1 pp. 135-139
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; seeds; experimental design; branching; crop damage; plant density; yield components; grains; Delia platura; intraspecific competition
Abstract:
... The reproductive and competitive responses of plants to early season stresses are not well known. In field experiments from 1983 to 1986 we examined these effects for one system; simulated seedcorn maggot (SCM), Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) injury to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Injury included different plant densities (simulating stand reductions) and different ratios of plumule-inju ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010031x

56. Wheat Stubble Management Affects Growth, Survival, and Yield of Winter Grain Legumes

Author:
D. R. Huggins; W. L. Pan
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1991 v.55 no.3 pp. 823-829
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense; Triticum aestivum; branching; conventional tillage; crop production; crop rotation; lentils; necrosis; no-tillage; overwintering; photosynthetically active radiation; shade; soil water; stems; stubble; winter; winter wheat
Abstract:
... The adoption of no-tillage systems in the Pacific Northwest will benefit from the development of crop rotations that complement winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiments were conducted during 1986–1987 and 1988–1989 to determine the effects of wheat residue and fertility management on the growth, winter survival, and yield of ‘Glacier’ Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense L.) a ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030032x

57. Effect of triapenthenol plant-growth regulator on canola height, yield, side branches and pod density

Author:
Kirkland, K.J.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1992 v.72 no.4 pp. 1153-1156
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Brassica napus; branching; crop yield; lodging; plant development; pods; Saskatchewan
DOI:
10.4141/cjps92-140

58. Effects of nitrogen on the development and growth of the potato plant. 1. Leaf appearance, expanison growth, life spans of leaves and stem branching

Author:
Vos, J.; Biemond, H.
Source:
Annals of botany 1992 v.70 no.1 pp. 27-35
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; plant development; leaves; nitrogen content; plant morphology; stems; branching; longevity; nutrient availability
Abstract:
... Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were planted in pots in a temperature-controlled glasshouse to collect data on the rate of leaf appearance, leaf expansion, apical lateral branching and active life spans of leaves. The treatments consisted of three rates of nitrogen supply, i.e. the N1 treatment with 2.5 gN per pot and the N2 and N3 treatments with 8 and 16 gN per pot, respectively. The rate of lea ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088435

59. Electric current precedes emergence of a lateral root in higher plants

Author:
Hamada, S.; Ezaki, S.; Hayashi, K.; Toko, K.; Yamafuji, K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 614-619
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
branching; Vigna angularis; electric current; roots
Abstract:
... Stable electrochemical patterns appear spontaneously around roots of higher plants and are closely related to growth. An electric potential pattern accompanied by lateral root emergence was measured along the surface of the primary root of adzuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) over 21 h using a microelectrode manipulated by a newly developed apparatus. The electric potential became lower at the point ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.614
PubMed:
16653036

60. Internal root anatomy of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) as influenced by temperature and genotype

Author:
Kiel, C.; Stamp, P.
Source:
Annals of botany 1992 v.70 no.2 pp. 125-128
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
cold tolerance; cell differentiation; Zea mays; seedlings; cooling; branching; genotype; genetic variation; temperature; roots; shoots; Europe
Abstract:
... The objectives of this investigation were to determine: (a) the general effect of temperature on internal root anatomy; (b) whether genotypic differences in such root traits exist; and (c) the association between internal root traits and shoot growth, lateral root branching and cold tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.). Seedlings of 20 central European hybrids were grown under high or low temperature ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088448

61. L-system analysis of compound leaf development in Pisum sativum L

Author:
Gould, K.S.; Young, J.P.W.; Cutter, E.G.
Source:
Annals of botany 1992 v.70 no.2 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
mathematical models; isogenic lines; branching; genetic variation; Pisum sativum; plant morphology; leaves
Abstract:
... L-system notation was used to describe mature leaf morphology in populations of conventional, afila, tendril-less and parsley-leaf peas. Structural modules of leaves were assigned one of eleven state symbols according to their branching potential, i.e. the number and arrangement of rachillae and/or tendrils or leaflets to which each would give rise after one branching iteration. State transitions ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088456

62. The branching habits and life history of woody plants

Author:
Stevens, G.C.; Perkins, A.L.
Source:
American naturalist 1992 v.139 no.2 pp. 267-275
ISSN:
0003-0147
Subject:
life cycle (organisms); woody plants; branching; branches; North America
DOI:
10.1086/285327

63. The effects of sward height and nitrogen fertilizer application on changes in sward composition, white clover growth and the stock capacity of an upland perennial ryegrass/white clover sward grazed by sheep for four years

Author:
Barthram, G.T.; Grant, S.A.; Elston, D.A.
Source:
Grass and forage science 1992 v.47 no.4 pp. 326-341
ISSN:
0142-5242
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens; nitrogen fertilizers; botanical composition; stand density; temperature; rain; branching; sheep; stocking rate; liveweight gain; statistical analysis; application rate; grazing; Scotland
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02278.x

64. The growth and carbon allocation patterns of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants of contrasting branching structure

Author:
Chapman, D.F.; Robson, M.J.; Snaydon, R.W.; Caradus, J.R.
Source:
Annals of botany 1992 v.69 no.6 pp. 523-531
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Trifolium repens; carbon; nutrient transport; source-sink relationships; plant morphology; branching; cultivars; genetic variation; translocation (plant physiology)
Abstract:
... The growth, morphology and carbon allocation patterns of F1 progeny white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants selected for either low ('LBF') or high ('HBF') frequency of stolon branching were compared in two controlled-environment experiments. Selections from within both a small-leaved ('Grasslands Tahora') and a large-leaved ('Grasslands Kopu') clover cultivar were compared, and plants were grow ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088382

65. Aboveground morphology of shade-tolerant Castanopsis fargesii saplings in response to light environment

Author:
Cornelissen, J.H.C.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1993 v.154 no.4 pp. 481-495
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
juvenility; canopy; branching; light intensity; shade; dry matter partitioning; Castanopsis; plant morphology
DOI:
10.1086/297132

66. Development of the root system of young peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch): a morphometrical analysis

Author:
Pages, L.; Kervella, J.; Chadoeuf, J.
Source:
Annals of botany 1993 v.71 no.4 pp. 369-375
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
root systems; morphogenesis; branching; Prunus persica; measurement
Abstract:
... The development of the root system of young Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seedlings is inferred from the description of root systems excavated at nine dates over a 6-week experiment. Both growth and branching processes are studied. The length of the apical unbranched zone and the mean branch density are used to characterize branching processes. The branching order is an important source of vari ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1993.1046

67. Differential hyphal morphogenesis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during pre‐infection stages

Author:
M. GIOVANNETTI; C. SBRANA; L. AVIO; A. S. CITERNESI; C. LOGI
Source:
new phytologist 1993 v.125 no.3 pp. 587-593
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; morphogenesis; branching; hyphae; Rhizophagus intraradices; Glomus mosseae; roots; infection
Abstract:
... Roots of host plants elicit a local change in morphology in the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prior to the formation of appressoria. The elicited hyphae switch from their original branching pattern and apical dominance to differentiate in a new irregular, septate branching pattern with reduced inter‐hyphal spacing. The extensive hyphal development associated with roots of host plants was ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03907.x

68. Fractal Analysis for Morphological Description of Corn Roots under Nitrogen Stress

Author:
Bahman Eghball; John R. Settimi; Jerry W. Maranville; Anne M. Parkhurst
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 287-289
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; root systems; quantitative analysis; nutrient deficiencies; branching; genotype; root shoot ratio; application rate; nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract:
... A means of quantification of plant root branching, specifically under stress, is of importance for evaluating the contribution of plant roots to water and nutrient uptake and subsequently plant growth. An experiment was conducted to describe the morphology of corn (Zea mays L.) root systems using fractal analysis and also to determine if a roots fractal dimension (D) is altered by N stress. Corn g ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020023x

69. Genetic variation in juvenile growth of tamarack (Larix laricina) in northwestern Ontario

Author:
Farmer, R.E.; O'Reilly, G.; Shaotang, D.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1993 v.23 no.9 pp. 1852-1862
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Larix laricina; juvenility; genetic variation; branching; provenance; mortality; Ontario
Abstract:
... Nested designs incorporating provenances and families and clones within provenances were used in two common garden tests near Thunder Bay, Ont. (48 degrees N, 84 degrees W) to evaluate genetic variation in growth and sylleptic branching among and within populations of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) from 46 degrees N, 80 degrees W to 53 degrees N, 93 degrees W. At 7 and 8 years there wa ...
DOI:
10.1139/x93-235

70. Growth of White Clover Clones in Monoculture and Contrasting Bermudagrass Swards

Author:
G. E. Brink; D. E. Rowe
Source:
Crop science 1993 v.33 no.5 pp. 1091-1094
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
germplasm; intercropping; Trifolium repens; branching; clones; agronomic traits; crop yield; plant competition; sward; continuous cropping; selection criteria; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Spaced-plant arrangements provide a means of evaluating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm for a range of characteristics. Growth of spaced white clover plants in monoculture, however, may not be related to growth with grasses. Our objective was to determine the relationships among various growth parameters of white clover grown as spaced plants in monoculture and with contrasting grass ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050042x

71. Neighbor Influences on Root Morphology and Mycorrhizal Fungus Colonization in Tallgrass Prairie Plants

Author:
J. D. Jastrow; R. M. Miller
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.2 pp. 561-569
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Andropogon gerardii; Coreopsis; Solidago altissima; branches; branching; chronosequences; fibrous roots; field experimentation; forbs; mycorrhizal fungi; roots; soil; warm season grasses
Abstract:
... A field study was conducted across a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie restorations to investigate the influence of plant's neighbor may have on its gross root morphology and association with mycorrhizal fungi. The root systems of a warm—season grass, Andropogon gerardii, and two perennial forbs, Coreopsis tripteris and Solidago altissima, were sampled by excavating soil blocks representing all ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939316

72. Radiomimetic effect of cisplatin on cucumber root development: the relationship between cell division and cell growth

Author:
Dubrovsky, J.G.
Source:
Annals of botany 1993 v.72 no.2 pp. 143-149
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
plant development; cell growth; Cucumis sativus; branching; cell division; antineoplastic agents; root primordia
Abstract:
... Cisplatin [DDP, cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)], a strong cytostatic and antineoplastic agent, was tested on seedlings of cucumber Cucumis sativus L. for its general effect on root development and its particular effects on root cell division and cell growth. DDP was characterized as a radiomimetic compound since both DDP (1.3 X 10(-5) M) and gamma-irradiation (2.5-10 kGy) drastically and irrev ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1993.1092

73. The effect of modifying plant structure on the yield and maturity of the white lupin Lupinus albus

Author:
Milford, G.F.J.; Day, J.M.; Leach, J.E.; Stevenson, H.J.; Huyghe, C.; Papineau, J.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 1993 v.122 no.1 pp. 113-122
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
harvest date; cultivars; branching; genotype; yield components; Lupinus albus; climatic factors; France; United Kingdom
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04019.x

74. Competition and allometry in Kochia scoparia

Author:
Weiner, J.; Fishman, L.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.73 no.3 pp. 263-271
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Bassia scoparia; plant competition; allometry; plant density; stems; diameter; branching
Abstract:
... Comparison between crowded and uncrowded Kochia scoparia individuals demonstrate pronounced effects of competition on plant allometry as well as on the distributions of different aspects of size. Non-destructive measurements of height and stem diameter and, for a subset of the populations, the number and length of leaves and branches, were taken at three times, and the plants were harvested after ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1994.1031

75. Consequences of Foraging in Clonal Plant Species

Author:
Michael L. Cain
Source:
Ecology 1994 v.75 no.4 pp. 933-944
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Glechoma hederacea; branching; clones; foraging; habitats; models; nutrients; rhizomes; variance
Abstract:
... Some clonal plant species decrease rhizome or stolon internode lengths and/or increase the frequency of branching when they grow in favorable environments. This foraging response is thought to be beneficial since it should allow ramets to concentrate in areas of favorable habitat. However, there have been few critical tests of the effectiveness with which ramets are placed in favorable habitat as ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939417

76. Effect of mechanical impedance on root growth and morphology of two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Author:
Tsegaye, T.; Mullins, C.E.
Source:
New phytologist 1994 v.126 no.4 pp. 707-713
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
cultivars; diameter; resistance to penetration; branching; Pisum sativum; plant morphology; roots
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02965.x

77. Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on development in soybean and five weeds

Author:
Tremmel, D.C.; Patterson, D.T.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1994 v.74 no.1 pp. 43-50
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
carbon dioxide; Glycine max; tillering; branching; net assimilation rate; Elymus repens subsp. repens; Sorghum halepense; Amaranthus retroflexus; Abutilon theophrasti; temperature; leaves; Senna obtusifolia
DOI:
10.4141/cjps94-009

78. Growth and branching habit of rooted cuttings collected from epicormic shoots of Betula pendula Roth

Author:
Cameron, A.D.; Sani, H.
Source:
Tree physiology 1994 v.14 no.4 pp. 427-436
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; branching; seasonal variation; shoots; seedlings; apical meristems; tropisms; plant cuttings; rooting
Abstract:
... Patterns of shoot growth and branching were studied over two growing seasons in rooted cuttings collected from both epicormic shoots and seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. Epicormic shoots were induced to sprout on stumps and small logs of 5-, 10- and 30-year-old trees. The use of epicormic shoots enhanced the rooting capacity of stem cuttings collected from these shoots but did not appear to rever ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/14.4.427

79. Heritabilities and additive genetic coefficients of variation in forest trees

Author:
Cornelius, J.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1994 v.24 no.2 pp. 372-379
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; forest trees; genetic variation; heritability; diameter; volume; specific gravity; plant morphology; branching
Abstract:
... Estimates of individual-tree narrow-sense heritability and additive genetic coefficient of variation of seven traits of forest trees were compiled from 67 published papers. Distributions of the values for each trait were characterized and compared by calculating medians and running Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Generalizations are possible about at least some of the traits exa ...
DOI:
10.1139/x94-050

80. Inter-row cultivation in weed-free carrots: the effect on yield of hoeing and brush weeding

Author:
Ascard, J.; Mattsson, B.
Source:
Biological agriculture & horticulture 1994 v.10 no.3 pp. 161-173
ISSN:
0144-8765
Subject:
weight; manual weed control; crop quality; cultural control; Daucus carota; branching; crop damage; plant density; crop yield; seasonal variation; mechanical damage; width; hoeing; roots; Sweden
DOI:
10.1080/01448765.1994.9754664

81. Patterns of nodal rooting in Trifolium repens (L.) and correlations with stages in the development of axillary buds

Author:
Newton, P.C.D.; Hay, M.J.M.
Source:
Grass and forage science 1994 v.49 no.3 pp. 270-279
ISSN:
0142-5242
Subject:
buds; root systems; Trifolium repens; pastures; stolons; branching; cattle; rotational grazing; rooting; seasonal variation; root primordia; shoots
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02001.x

82. Receptacle and Ovary Assimilate Concentrations and Subsequent Boll Retention in Cotton

Author:
James J. Heitholt; John H. Schmidt
Source:
Crop science 1994 v.34 no.1 pp. 125-131
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
source-sink relationships; abscission; gynoecium; chemical constituents of plants; glucose; Gossypium hirsutum; photosynthates; fruiting; branching; starch; genotype; genetic variation; bolls
Abstract:
... Assimilate supply or flux to developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) bolls (fruits) may help determine whether those bolls are retained or abscised. Most bolls that abscise tend to do so within a few days post anthesis (DPA), and little is known about the relationship between assimilate levels in young fruiting forms and their relationship to boll retention. Therefore, the objective of this stud ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010022x

83. Relationship between sylleptic branching and components of parent shoot development in the peach tree

Author:
Genard, M.; Pages, L.; Kervella, J.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.74 no.5 pp. 465-470
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Prunus persica; shoots; branching; developmental stages; quantitative analysis; cultivars; genetic variation; organogenesis
Abstract:
... Sylleptic branching of main axes was investigated in three peach tree cultivars ('Armking', 'Flavorcrest' and 'Silvergem') during the first year of growth. An axis was considered as made up of a series of metamers (internode, node, leaf and associated bud) and its growth was divided into two components: the increase of the number of metamers and the lengthening of the metamers themselves (elongati ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1994.1142

84. Specimen preparation for high contrast image processing and fractal analysis of branching fungal colonies

Author:
Jones, C.L.; Lonergan, G.T.; Mainwaring, D.E.
ISSN:
0951-208X
Subject:
Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Pycnoporus; hyphae; mycelium; branching; image analysis
DOI:
10.1007/BF02428973

85. Stand Density Effects on Branching in an Annual Legume (Senna obtusifolia)

Author:
Smith, James E.; Jordan, Peter W.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.74 no.1 pp. 17-25
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Senna obtusifolia; biomass; branches; branching; canopy; leaf area; leaves; legumes; plant density; shoots; stand density; surveys
Abstract:
... Effects of proximity to nearest neighbours on shoot morphology and branch growth were examined for Senna obtusifolia (L.) I. '' B., an annual legume species that displays wide variation in branching. Periodic surveys described location and type of growth at all nodes on plants in regularly spaced monocultures. Stands with interplant distances of 15-50 cm (51-5 plants m⁻²) formed closed canopies wi ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/74.1.17
PubMed:
19700458

86. The branch roots of Zea: IV. The maturation and openness of xylem conduits in first‐order branches of soil‐grown roots

Author:
X. L. WANG; M. E. McCULLY; M. J. CANNY
Source:
new phytologist 1994 v.126 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Zea; branches; branching; corn; meristems; roots; transpiration; water uptake; xylem
Abstract:
... The late metaxylem (LMX) in the first‐order branch roots of maize matures slowly. Fully lignified elements remain as individual cells of mean diameter 67 μm and length about 2 mm for considerable distances proximal from the tip of branches that retain an active meristem (indeterminate branches). Such branches, depending on their age, have from 0 to 45%, of the Total length of LMX conduits mature a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb07525.x

87. The significance of nodal rooting in Trifolium repens L.: 32P distribution and local growth responses

Author:
W. D. KEMBALL; C. MARSHALL
Source:
new phytologist 1994 v.127 no.1 pp. 83-91
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Trifolium repens; phosphorus; mineral content; rooting; roots; branching; stolons
Abstract:
... The distribution of ³²P from single nodal roots, and the consequences of nodal rooting on local growth characteristics were investigated in order to evaluate the importance of nodal rooting in Trifolium repens. The movement of radiophosphate was mostly acropetal, and the principal sinks were the closest components to the supplied root. The branch stolon originating from the same node as the root w ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04261.x

88. Anatomy and development of the fern sporophyte

Author:
White, R.A.; Turner, M.D.
Source:
Botanical review 1995 v.61 no.4 pp. 281-305
ISSN:
0006-8101
Subject:
plant development; Polypodiopsida; developmental stages; branching; ontogeny; plant vascular system; ferns and fern allies; shoot meristems; plant morphology; roots; leaves
DOI:
10.1007/BF02912620

89. Arbuscular mycorrhizal induced changes to plant growth and root system morphology in Prunus cerasifera

Author:
Berta, G.; Trotta, A.; Fusconi, A.; Hooker, J.E.; Munro, M.; Atkinson, D.; Giovannetti, M.; Morini, S.; Fortuna, P.; Tisserant, B.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.5 pp. 281-293
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
nutrient content; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; Prunus cerasifera; micropropagation; phosphorus; stems; nutrient uptake; adventitious roots; planting; Rhizophagus intraradices; Glomus mosseae; length; leaves; apical meristems; morphogenesis; branching; Helotiales; chemical constituents of plants; plant morphology
Abstract:
... We compared root system morphogenesis of micropropagated transplants of Prunus cerasifera L. inoculated with either of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices or with the ericoid mycorrhizal species Hymenoscyphus ericae. All plants were grown in sand culture, irrigated with a nutrient solution that included a soluble source of phosphorus, for 75 days after trans ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.5.281

90. Clonal integration between parent and branch stolons in white clover: a developmental study

Author:
Kemball, W.D.; Marshall, C.
Source:
New phytologist 1995 v.129 no.3 pp. 513-521
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Trifolium repens; stolons; clones; branching; roots; developmental stages; plant development; spatial distribution; translocation (plant physiology); photosynthates
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04322.x

91. Control of cell morphology of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by nutrient limitation in continuous culture

Author:
Kuriyama, H.; Slaughter, J.C.
Source:
Letters in applied microbiology 1995 v.20 no.1 pp. 37-40
ISSN:
0266-8254
Subject:
yeast extract; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; hyphae; branching; cell division; nutrient availability; ammonium sulfate; culture media; oxygen; cell culture
DOI:
10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb00402.x
PubMed:
7765865

92. Dry matter accumulation and seed yield of dwarf autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Author:
Harzic, N.; Huyghe, C.; Papineau, J.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1995 v.75 no.3 pp. 549-555
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Lupinus albus; dwarf cultivars; dry matter accumulation; plant density; seeds; roots; stems; pods; branching; protein content; seed productivity; translocation (plant physiology); France
DOI:
10.4141/cjps95-096

93. Effects of high nitrogen concentrations on ectomycorrhizal structure and growth of seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Author:
IVANO BRUNNER; CHRISTOPH SCHEIDEGGER
Source:
new phytologist 1995 v.129 no.1 pp. 83-95
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; seedling growth; nitrogen content; root systems; nitrogen; nutrient availability; cell walls; branching; hyphae; Picea abies; biomass production; chemical constituents of plants; Hebeloma crustuliniforme; roots
Abstract:
... High nitrogen concentrations are known to affect ectomycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in field and laboratory experiments. Using NH/ as a nitrogen source in the growth pouch system, a variety of structural modifications were documented on first order lateral roots of Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings. Root cells increased in size and number at high levels of NH₄⁺resulting in a hypertrophic ap ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03012.x

94. Flower and pod abortion in chickpea as affected by sowing date and cultivar

Author:
Zaiter, H.Z.; Barakat, S.G.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1995 v.75 no.2 pp. 321-327
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Cicer arietinum; cultivars; crop yield; fruit set; pods; flowering; flowers; seasonal variation; branching; abscission; seeds; seed set; sowing date; Lebanon
DOI:
10.4141/cjps95-056

95. Genetic variation and productivity of Populus trichocarpa and its hybrids. VIII. Leaf and crown morphology of native P. trichocarpa clones from four river valleys in Washington

Author:
Dunlap, J.M.; Heilman, P.E.; Stettler, R.F.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1995 v.25 no.10 pp. 1710-1724
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
branching; xeric regimes; clones; Populus trichocarpa; genotype-environment interaction; color; genetic variation; altitude; plant morphology; climatic factors; leaves
Abstract:
... A common-garden study of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray was initiated in 1985, when clonal material from 128 trees was collected from sites distributed along two mesic (Hoh, Nisqually) and two xeric (Dungeness, Yakima) river valleys. This material was grown for 1 year at Puyallup, Wash. In spring 1986, cuttings from this material were used to establish two replicate plantations, one at Puyallup ...
DOI:
10.1139/x95-185

96. Growth and development of young roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes

Author:
Wahbi, A.; Gregory, P.J.
Source:
Annals of botany 1995 v.75 no.5 pp. 533-539
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; roots; shoots; branching; leaves; developmental stages; genetic variation; genotype
Abstract:
... Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes from countries with a Mediterranean climate were grown in temperature-controlled glasshouses in nutrient solution to determine whether the co-ordination of root branching and growth found by other workers applied to a wider range of up to 14 genotypes. There was substantial variation in the number of seminal axes produced by the genotypes, ranging from about s ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1995.1055

97. Growth and fodder yield of the Gliricidia sepium provenances in fence system in dryland farming area in Bali, Indonesia

Author:
Sukanten, I.W.; Nitis, I.M.; Lana, K.; Uchida, S.; Suarna, M.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
Gliricidia sepium; dryland farming; branching; dry season; wet season; crop yield; Indonesia
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.1995.515

98. Growth context and fate of axillary meristems of young peach trees. Influence of parent shoot growth characteristics and of emergence date

Author:
Kervella, J.; Pages, L.; Genard, M.
Source:
Annals of botany 1995 v.76 no.6 pp. 559-567
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Prunus persica; meristems; buds; ranching; branching; flowering; shoots; internodes; heat sums; discriminant analysis
Abstract:
... The relationship between several growth components of a shoot and the fates of the axillary meristems (developing in the axils of the leaves) borne by that shoot were studied. on first-order shoots of young peach trees. A comprehensive picture of those relationships was obtained by a discriminant analysis. Shoot growth at meristem emergence date was characterized by internode length, leaf-producti ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1995.1133

99. How do real roots work? Some new views of root structure

Author:
McCully, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; root systems; soil biology; branching; structure-activity relationships; length; field experimentation; rhizoplane; ultrastructure; xylem; roots

100. Morphological variations between twelve provenances of Grevillea robusta planted in north-east Queensland

Author:
Sun, D.; Dickinson, G.R.; Bragg, A.L.
Source:
Australian forestry 1995 v.58 no.3 pp. 129-134
ISSN:
0004-9158
Subject:
diameter; stem form; branching; plant characteristics; height; provenance; mortality; Grevillea robusta; Queensland
DOI:
10.1080/00049158.1995.10674655