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1. Moisture Relations in Soft Red Winter Wheats. II. Awned versus Awnless and Waxy versus Nonwaxy Glumes

Author:
Mart Pool; Fred L. Patterson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1958 v.50 no.3 pp. 158-160
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
agronomy; awns; breeding programs; drying; journals; methodology; soft red winter wheat
Abstract:
... SynopsisThe presence of awns increased losses and gains of grain of ripe standing wheat. Selection for awns in a breeding program should be in efficient method of obtaining faster drying varieties for the humid soft wheat area. Waxy glumes slowed both moisture losses and gains of grain and were considered undesirable. ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000030013x

2. Designs to Estimate Effects of Clone Substitution in Alfalfa Synthetics

Author:
R. R. Hill
Source:
Crop science 1966 v.6 no.5 pp. 471-473
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
alfalfa; breeding programs; planning; synthetic products; variance
Abstract:
... Variations of a 4-factor factorial experiment were developed for estimation of components of variance due to general, 2-, 3-, and 4-line combining ability effects in populations of 4-clone alfalfa synthetics. Applications of the double cross and 4-stage nested mating designs were also discussed. Knowledge of the relative importance of the components would be an aid in planning a breeding program. ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600050024x

3. Heterosis and Combining Ability in a Diallel Cross in Sorghum vulgare Pers.

Author:
M. H. Niehaus; R. C. Pickett
Source:
Crop science 1966 v.6 no.1 pp. 33-36
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor; breeding programs; general combining ability; genes; genetic variation; heterosis; hybrids; parents; plant breeding; seeds; specific combining ability; yield components
Abstract:
... Combining ability analyses were computed on a diallel cross of eight inbred sorghum lines in the F₁ and F₂ generations. Five of the lines were standard combine height grain sorghums and three were widely diverse and relatively recent introductions differing for height and maturity genes. The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of recent sorghum introductions in a hybrid sorghum ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600010010x

4. Morphological Measures of Earliness of Crop Maturity in Cotton

Author:
L. L. Ray; T. R. Richmond
Source:
Crop science 1966 v.6 no.6 pp. 527-531
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Gossypium; bolls; breeding programs; cotton; crop production; early development; fruiting; heritability
Abstract:
... Certain features of the gross morphology of the cotton plant furnish clues to earliness of crop production. Three such features — (1) node of first fruiting branch (NFB), (2) number of vegetative branches (NVB), and (3) percentage of bolls on vegetative branches (PBV) — were used as morphological measures of earliness in the studies reported here. All of the morphological measures were significant ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600060008x

5. Morphology, Cytology, and Fertility of Diploid and Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Crested Wheatgrass

Author:
William Tai; Douglas R. Dewey
Source:
Crop science 1966 v.6 no.3 pp. 223-226
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Agropyron cristatum; breeding programs; chromosomes; colchicine; diploidy; hybrids; metaphase; pollen; prophase; prototypes; seeds; stems; tetraploidy
Abstract:
... Treatment of diploid ‘Fairway’ crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., 2n=14, seeds with colchicine solutions ranging from 0.1 to 0.8% for 12 to 96 hours produced 14 tetraploids. Colchicine solutions of 0.1 to 0.4% applied for 12 to 48 hours appear to be suitable for inducing polyploidy in crested wheatgrass. The induced tetraploids were taller and had fewer but coarser stems than th ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600030002x

6. Nitrogen and Dry Matter in Five Spring Wheat Varieties at Successive Stages of Development

Author:
F. H. McNeal; M. A. Berg; C. A. Watson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1966 v.58 no.6 pp. 605-608
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
aerial parts; breeding programs; flowering; leaf development; leaf nitrogen content; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen content; plant breeders; roots; seeds; spring wheat; stems
Abstract:
... Dry weight and nitrogen content of leaves, stems, kernels, and roots were determined for five spring wheat varieties on seven dates. Maximum leaf development occurred by July 19 (flowering), and maximum stem development ocurred by July 29 (filling). By August 19 (maturity) the top weights were similar for all varieties except ‘Mindum’, which was significantly higher. The average ratio of root (to ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800060016x

7. Product-Quantity Measures of Earliness of Crop Maturity in Cotton

Author:
T. R. Richmond; L. L. Ray
Source:
Crop science 1966 v.6 no.3 pp. 235-239
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; bolls; breeding programs; cotton; crossing; early development; genetic analysis; heritability; plant breeding
Abstract:
... We used 3 stocks of American Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and the 3 possible crosses among them, as experimental materials for a study of productquantity estimates of earliness of crop maturity. The investigation involved 3 measures of earliness: (1) amount of crop harvested (ACH); (2) percentage of crop harvested (PCH); and (3) mean maturity date (MMD). We took data and calculated geneti ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600030005x

8. Responses of Some Semi-Dwarf Spring Wheats to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer

Author:
R. W. Woodward
Source:
Agronomy journal 1966 v.58 no.1 pp. 65-66
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
breeding programs; disease resistance; grain yield; growing season; hard red spring wheat; lodging; milling; nitrogen; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; seeds; soil fertility; spikelets; spring wheat; tillers; Utah
Abstract:
... A breeding program that utilized semi-dwarfs of Norin 10 origin, was commenced at Logan, Utah, in 1953. The ultimate aim was the production of a short, high-yielding, disease-resistant, good milling, hard red spring wheat. Yields of three varieties of hard red spring, semidwarf wheat increased proportionately more than those of three tall, hard red springwheats as a result of applying nitrogen ear ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800010021x

9. Differential Seed Production of Alfalfa Clones at Two Diverse Locations

Author:
Eugene Dade; Norman L. Taylor; C. S. Garrison
Source:
Crop science 1967 v.7 no.6 pp. 663-664
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
alfalfa; breeding programs; clones; flowering; flowers; pollination; seed yield; Kentucky; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Twenty-three alfalfa clones selected from the breeding program at the University of Kentucky were grown at Lexington, Ky., and at Prosser, Wash., in 1962 and 1963. Data were taken on date of bloom and seed yields. Flowering began later at Lexington than at Prosser in both years, but clipping at Lexington in 1963 prevented a direct comparison between locations. The range in days to first flower wit ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1967.0011183X000700060031x

10. Inbreeding Medicago sativa L. by Sib-mating. II. Agronomic Traits

Author:
M. K. Aycock; C. P. Wilsie
Source:
Crop science 1968 v.8 no.4 pp. 481-485
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Medicago sativa; agronomic traits; alfalfa; autotetraploidy; breeding programs; flowering; forage yield; growth habit; inbreeding; plant height; selfing; spring; summer; vigor
Abstract:
... In two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations, (a) random population of noninbred ‘Vernal’ and (b) a composite S₁ population derived from Vernal, the effects of breeding by self-fertilization and sib-mating were compared for certain agronomic traits. In general, as the degree of inbreeding increased, there was a reduction in spring vigor, forage yield, seed production, plant height aud width, an ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1968.0011183X000800040026x

11. Variation of Stem-Solidness in Wheat

Author:
K. L. Lebsock; E. J. Koch
Source:
Crop science 1968 v.8 no.2 pp. 225-229
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; agronomic traits; bacterial leaf streak; breeding programs; crossing; field experimentation; firmness; heritability; insect resistance; plant-insect relations; sawflies; stem rust; wheat
Abstract:
... Solid-stemmed wheats, Triticum aestivum L., em. Thell, grown for resistance to sawfly have been less productive than hollow-stemmed varieties. Parent, F₁, F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations from two wheat crosses, P.I. 56219-12 × ‘Conley’ and Conley × ‘Rescue’, were evaluated in replicated field trials to determine if stem-solidness was associated with agronomic and quality traits and with reactions to bl ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1968.0011183X000800020027x

12. Association of Five Characters in Progenies of Four Sugarcane Crosses

Author:
Norman I. James; Robert N. Falgout
Source:
Crop science 1969 v.9 no.1 pp. 88-91
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
agronomic traits; breeding programs; brix; clones; crossing; fiber content; frequency distribution; genetic correlation; hybrids; phenotypic correlation; progeny; ratooning; refractive index; seedlings; shoots; spring; sugarcane
Abstract:
... AH possible phenotypic correlations among fiber percentage, number and diameter of stalks, Brix by hand refractometer, and number of shoots in the spring after first harvest were determined in plant cane seedlings of four sugarcane progenies. Parent clones were complex tri-species hybrids (Sacchamrum officinarum L. ✕ S. sinense Roxb. ✕ S. spontaneum L.). Correlations for fiber with other agronomic ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183X000900010030x

13. Hybrids Between Tetraploid and Hexaploid Crested Wheatgrasses

Author:
Douglas R. Dewey
Source:
Crop science 1969 v.9 no.6 pp. 787-791
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum; anaphase; autopolyploidy; breeding programs; diploidy; genome; heterozygosity; hexaploidy; hybridization; hybrids; meiosis; open pollination; pentaploidy; seeds; spikelets; tetraploidy
Abstract:
... SummaryDoubled-diploid Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., 2n=28, and tetraploid A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult., 2n=28, hybridized with hexaploid A. cristatum, 2n=42. Meiosis in the parent plants was typical of that in autoploids. Pentavalent associations, up to five per cell, in the 35-chromosome hybrids indicated close homologies between parental genomes. Occasional higher multivalent asso ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183X000900060035x

14. Interpretation and Use of Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Variances in Plant Breeding

Author:
J. W. Dudley; R. H. Moll
Source:
Crop science 1969 v.9 no.3 pp. 257-262
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
breeding programs; genetic variance; guidelines; heritability; plant breeding
Abstract:
... Estimates of genetic variance and heritability provide useful guidelines for answering many questions which arise in a plant breeding program. In this paper we have attempted to (a) delineate appropriate questions which can be answered by estimation of genetic variance components and heritabilities (b) examine the assumptions necessary for estimation and (c) clarify the limitations imposed on inte ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183X000900030001x

15. Genetic Interrelationships Between Host Plants and Insects

Author:
R. L. Gallun
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1972 v.1 no.3 pp. 259-265
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
antibiosis; biotypes; breeding programs; host plants; inheritance (genetics); insect resistance; insects; plant breeding; pollution; recessive genes; selection pressure; virulence
Abstract:
... Growing plant varieties that are resistant to insects is the ideal way to protect the crop against insect losses and at the same time prevent pollution of the environment. Resistance to insects is genetically controlled and expressed as antibiosis, nonpreference, and tolerance. The ability of the insect to attack the plant is also genetically controlled and expresses itself in the form of insect v ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100030011x

16. Genetics of Disaster

Author:
Jack R. Harlan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1972 v.1 no.3 pp. 212-215
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
breeding programs; food crops; genetics; germplasm; plant breeding
Abstract:
... Erosion of some of the most vital resources for human survival goes on with no notice from the public and very little attention from the scientific community, which should be better informed. The germ plasm base required for improvement of the basic food crops that feed the world is being rapidly destroyed. This destruction of genetic resources is caused primarily by the very success of modern pla ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100030002x

17. Chromosome Manipulations in Alfalfa: Scaling the Cultivated Tetraploid to Seven Ploidy Levels

Author:
E. T. Bingham; J. W. Saunders
Source:
Crop science 1974 v.14 no.3 pp. 474-477
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Medicago sativa; alfalfa; autopolyploidy; breeding programs; chromosomes; colchicine; crossing; diploidy; evolution; gene flow; genome; genomics; haploidy; hexaploidy; octaploidy; pentaploidy; seed size; tetraploidy; tissue culture; triploidy
Abstract:
... The general scheme used in scaling genomic multiples down and up in ploidy is summarized, and a specific case of scaling chromosomes of a single cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clone to seven ploidy levels is reported. Cultivated tetraploids were scaled down to the diploid level by haploidy. Scaling upward was accomplished by sexual polyploidization, colchicine chromosome doubling, and spo ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183X001400030041x

18. Effect of Multiple Aleurone Layers on the Protein and Amino Acid Content of Maize Endosperm

Author:
Oliver E. Nelson; Ming Tu Chang
Source:
Crop science 1974 v.14 no.3 pp. 374-376
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; aleurone layer; amino acid composition; amino acids; breeding programs; corn; endosperm; mutants; oxygen; phenotype; protein content
Abstract:
... The data from four F₂ progenies from a cross of a normal endosperm, multiple aleurone maize (Zea mays L.) line with an o₂/o₂ single aleurone line were heterogeneous but do not disprove the hypothesis that the multiple aleurone phenotype is conditioned by a single dominant factor. This factor segregated independently of opaque-2. In non-opaque seeds, the effect of multiple aleurone layers on protei ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183X001400030010x

19. Effect of Southwestern Corn Borer Feeding on Maize

Author:
Gene E. Scott; Frank M. Davis
Source:
Agronomy journal 1974 v.66 no.6 pp. 773-774
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Diatraea grandiosella; Zea mays; breeding; breeding programs; corn; larvae; plant height; seeds
Abstract:
... The extent of damage to corn (Zea mays L.) caused by infestation with southwestern corn borers (Diatraea grandiosella Dyar) was determined. Corn hybrids were manually infested with corn borer egg masses to simulate a uniform heavy natural infestation. First-brood larval feeding significantly reduced plant height by an average of 16 cm over the 2 years of the test. Significant yield losses of 20 an ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600060016x

20. Estimating Millability of Sugarcane From Small Samples

Author:
Norman I. James; J. D. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1974 v.66 no.6 pp. 783-785
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Saccharum; breeding programs; clones; equations; juices; milling quality; prediction; sugarcane
Abstract:
... A method was developed for estimating variety correction factor (VCF), a measure of millability in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.), from % primary juice extraction. We can obtain 4,000 to 5,000 estimates of milling quality per year with this method compared to a few hundred estimates of milling quality with other methods. Clones with poor milling quality can be discarded during early stages of selection ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600060019x

21. Selection for Seedling Vigor in Astragalus cicer L.

Author:
C. E. Townsend
Source:
Agronomy journal 1974 v.66 no.2 pp. 241-245
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Astragalus cicer; breeding; breeding programs; forage legumes; greenhouses; seed germination; seedling emergence; seedlings; temperature; vigor
Abstract:
... The use of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) as a forage legume is restricted because of relatively poor seedling vigor. If sufficient variation exists within the species for seedling vigor, it may be possible to improve this character through a breeding program. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine (1) the variability in speed of seed germination and total germination in ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600020018x

22. Variability of Fraction 1 Protein and Heritability Estimates for Fraction 1 Protein and Total Phenolic Constituents in Alfalfa

Author:
J. E. Miltimore; J. M. McArthur; B. P. Goplen; W. Majak; R. E. Howarth
Source:
Agronomy journal 1974 v.66 no.3 pp. 384-386
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia; alfalfa; bloat; breeding programs; clones; cultivars; heritability; ovens; pastures; phenolic compounds; protein content; soil fertility
Abstract:
... The primary cause of lethal alfalfa pasture bloat is Fraction 1 Protein (FRIP) and bloat occurs when FRIP is above 1.8%. Before starting a selection or breeding program to develop a nonbloating alfalfa (Medicago sp.), it would be important to know the heritability and the range of FRIP levels in alfalfa plants. Accordingly, this investigation was undertaken with the objectives of determining the d ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600030014x

23. Laboratory Evaluation of Quality in Subtropical Grasses. III. Genetic Variation among Digitaria Species in In Vitro Digestion and its Relationship to Plant Morphology

Author:
M. A. Klock; S. C. Schank; J. E. Moore
Source:
Agronomy journal 1975 v.67 no.5 pp. 672-675
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Digitaria; breeding lines; breeding programs; cell walls; culms; digestibility; factor analysis; fertilizer application; flowering; genetic variation; genotype; in vitro digestion; organic matter; plant morphology; regrowth; subtropical grasses; variance
Abstract:
... In vitro organic matter digestion procedures (IVOMD) were used to evaluate a wide range of Digitaria spp. (digitgrass) breeding lines at three stages of maturity, across 11 field replications of one genotype, and as full-sib families evaluated at two locations and with two fertilizer treatments. Observations were made on the effect of flowering culms and stem microanatomy on digestibility. Informa ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700050022x

24. Stomatal Behavior of Wheat Cultivars in Relation to Their Transpiration, Photosynthesis, and Yield

Author:
D. Shimshi; J. Ephrat
Source:
Agronomy journal 1975 v.67 no.3 pp. 326-331
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Triticum; breeding programs; carbon dioxide; cultivars; grain yield; leaves; permeability; photosynthesis; plant breeding; rubber; silicone; soil water; stomatal movement; transpiration; wheat
Abstract:
... Wheat cultivars were found to differ widely in their stomatal aperture under conditions of adequate moisture supply. A field study was carried out to determine whether these differences were related to short-term transpiration (measured by a hygrosensor cuvette over periods of less then 1 min), short-term photosynthesis (measured by the uptake of ¹⁴CO₂ over a period of 20 sec), long-term water con ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700030011x

25. Germination in Freshly Harvested Seed of Centipedegrass

Author:
J. H. Bouton; A. E. Dudeck; R. L. Smith
Source:
Agronomy journal 1976 v.68 no.6 pp. 991-992
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Eremochloa ophiuroides; breeding programs; open pollination; photoperiod; progeny; seed germination; temperature; turf grasses; warm season
Abstract:
... Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] is an important warm-season turfgrass which can be established by seed. Germination of seed for progeny evaluation in the shortest time would be of value in a breeding program with this grass. Therefore, freshly harvested, open-pollinated seed was used to study the effects of different temperature regimes and scarification treatments on percent ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800060040x

26. Hill Plots for Preliminary Yield Evaluation of Doubled Haploids in a Barley Breeding Program

Author:
E. J. Walsh; S. J. Park; E. Reinbergs
Source:
Crop science 1976 v.16 no.6 pp. 862-866
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; barley; breeding programs; doubled haploids; genetic variance; genotype; grain yield; haploidy; heading; heritability; hills; plant height; planting; seeds; sowing; Ontario
Abstract:
... Fourteen dolbled haploids and six commercial cultivars of barley (L.) were grown at two locations in Ontario, Canada, in 1972 and 1973. The materials were planted in row and hill plots and were studied for grain yield, heading date, and plant height. The hill plots were seeded by three planting methods (jab planter, stove pipe, and hand hoe seeding) with three seeding rates (15, 25, and 35 seeds p ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1976.0011183X001600060032x

27. Screening Soybeans for Tolerance to Metribuzin

Author:
W. L. Barrentine; C. J. Edwards; E. E. Hartwig
Source:
Agronomy journal 1976 v.68 no.2 pp. 351-353
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; breeding lines; breeding programs; cultivars; herbicide resistance; metribuzin; plant breeding; screening; soybeans; United States
Abstract:
... Studies were initiated to develop a nutrient culture technique to select soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars or breeding lines for tolerance to the herbicide metribuzin [4-arnino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H) one]. Forty-five soybean cultivars, representing determinate and determinate types commonly grown in the U.S., were screened in a modified Hoagland's nutrient culture c ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800020037x

28. Seedling Vigor of Some Important Range Species as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Author:
R. D. B. Whalley; C. M. McKell
Source:
Agronomy journal 1976 v.68 no.4 pp. 565-569
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Agropyron desertorum; Bromus tectorum; Elymus; Psathyrostachys juncea; Salsola tragus; autumn; breeding programs; desert soils; fertilizer application; forbs; grasses; greenhouse experimentation; leaves; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; plant breeding; roots; seedlings; sowing; tillers; vigor; weeds; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.) is a valuable species for range seeding throughout the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain region. However, it has poor seedling vigor and establishment is often difficult. This study was designated to investigate the effects of added P and N on the seedling vigor of several species and strains of Elymus in comparison with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron d ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800040008x

29. Solution Culture Evaluation of Sweet Potato Cultivar Tolerance to Aluminum

Author:
D. A. Munn; R. E. McCollum
Source:
Agronomy journal 1976 v.68 no.6 pp. 989-991
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Ipomoea batatas; acid soils; aluminum; boric acid; breeding programs; calcium chloride; cultivars; pH; plant breeding; root growth; screening; sulfates; sweet potatoes; toxicity; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A technique was desired that would permit screening of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] cultivars for differential tolerance of Al in the root environment. Such a technique would be desirable to identify cultivars which would be adapted to acid soils where AI toxicity was a problem, or to identify A1 resistant cultivars for use in a plant breeding program. A solution culture technique w ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800060039x

30. Suppression of Standard Forage in vitro Dry Matter Disappearance by Acetone, Methanol, and Aqueous Extracts from Crownvetch Leaflets

Author:
J. C. Burns; W. A. Cope; K. J. Wildonger
Source:
Crop science 1976 v.16 no.2 pp. 225-229
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Securigera varia; acetone; breeding programs; clones; evaporation; forage; methanol; phenols
Abstract:
... Residues from crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) leaflets were obtained from evaporation of acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts and added to standard forages to evaluate a previously observed negative relationship between crownvetch in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and anti-quality substances. The activity of the residue was characterized by changes in the IVDMD of the standard forages. ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1976.0011183X001600020015x

31. Evaluation of Free Proline Accumulation as an Index of Drought Resistance Using Two Contrasting Barley Cultivars

Author:
Andrew D. Hanson; Charles E. Nelsen; Everett H. Everson
Source:
Crop science 1977 v.17 no.5 pp. 720-726
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; arid lands; barley; breeding programs; cultivars; drought; drought tolerance; grain yield; greenhouse experimentation; growth chambers; leaf blade; leaf water potential; osmotic pressure; perlite; polyethylene glycol; proline; rooting; screening; soil; water stress
Abstract:
... The two barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] cultivars, ‘Proctor’ and ‘Excelsior’, differ in their stability of grain yield under dryland conditions; Proctor produces a low yield in drought seasons and Excelsior a relatively high yield. This varietal difference in drought resistance was clearly expressed at the three to four-leaf stage, both in soil-grown plants in greenhouse tests and in perlite-grown pla ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183X001700050012x

32. Fitting Plants Nutritionally to Soils. III. Sorghum

Author:
J. C. Brown; W. E. Jones
Source:
Agronomy journal 1977 v.69 no.3 pp. 410-414
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; aluminum; breeding programs; chlorosis; copper; germplasm; iron; leaves; manganese; nutrient deficiencies; pigmentation; plant breeding; soil; soil-plant interactions; soybeans; toxicity; zinc; United States
Abstract:
... Fifteen sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines, representing diverse germplasm currently used in crop breeding programs in the United States, were grown on the seven soils, used in part I of this study, to produce Fe, Zn, and Cu stresses or Al and Mn toxicities in soybeans. All 15 sorghum lines developed Fe and Zn deficiencies with symptoms ranging from some interveinal chlorosis to necrotic ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900030020x

33. Influence of Soil Moisture and Plant Cultivar on Cation Uptake by Wheat with Respect to Grass Tetany

Author:
D. L. Karlen; R. Ellis; D. A. Whitney; D. L. Grunes
Source:
Agronomy journal 1978 v.70 no.6 pp. 918-921
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Hapludolls; Triticum; breeding programs; calcium; cattle; cultivars; forage; grass tetany; grazing; growth chambers; hard red winter wheat; ion transport; leaves; magnesium; plant breeding; plant growth; potassium; soil water; soil water content; vernalization; water content; winter wheat
Abstract:
... Several researchers' report that the incidence of grass tetany is most severe when soils are nearly water-saturated. This report prompted three growth-chamber studies to determine the influence of soil moisture and wheat cultivar on K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, and Mg⁺⁺ ion uptake and the estimated tetany potential of wheat forage. Hard red winter wheat (Triticttm aestivum L. ‘Centurk’, ‘Eagle’, and ‘Newton’) was gr ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000060006x

34. Relationship of Leaf Elongation to Forage Yield of Tall Fescue Genotype

Author:
G. L. Horst; C. J. Nelson; K. H. Asay
Source:
Crop science 1978 v.18 no.5 pp. 715-719
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; breeding programs; canopy; carbon dioxide; clones; defoliation; forage yield; genotype; genotype-environment interaction; heritability; irrigation; leaf area index; leaf length; leaves; regrowth; summer; variance; vigor; water stress
Abstract:
... Forage yield is usually not closely related to CO₂ exchange rate of single leaves, and existing data suggest other factors such as canopy characters need to be studied. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between leaf elongation rate and forage yield of 14 genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.). Plants were grown in the field under summer water stress and with irrigation. ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183X001800050005x

35. Seed Dormancy Mechanisms in Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica)

Author:
V. B. Cardwell; E. A. Oelke; W. A. Elliott
Source:
Agronomy journal 1978 v.70 no.3 pp. 481-484
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Oryza sativa; Zizania aquatica; breeding programs; containers; etiolation; gibberellic acid; growers; hulling; hulls; kinetin; mechanical properties; new variety; pericarp; plant breeders; seed dormancy; seed germination; seedlings; seeds; soil; water solubility; wild rice
Abstract:
... Freshly harvested seeds of wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) require 3 to 5 months of moist storage at 1 to 3 to induce germination. Dormancy lasting more than 1 year has been noted. These periods of dormancy pose problems to plant breeders desiring multiple generations per year and to growers desiring to change varieties in establish fields. The purpose of this research was to determine the role of ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000030029x

36. Comparison of the Hydrocyanic Acid Potential of Sorghum Seedlings and Tillers

Author:
F. A. Haskins; H. J. Gorz; R. L. Nielsen
Source:
Agronomy journal 1979 v.71 no.3 pp. 501-504
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii; breeding programs; cultivars; hydrogen cyanide; hydroxybenzaldehyde; leaf extracts; leaves; plant breeding; prediction; seedlings; spectral analysis; spectrophotometers; tillers
Abstract:
... The usefulness of seedling assays for predicting the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of older plants of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been questioned. In this study, first leaves of chamber-grown seedlings were compared with young leaves of field-grown tillers by means of the spectrophotometric assay of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as an indicator of HCN-p. Absorption spectra of seedling a ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100030030x

37. An Empirical Approach for the Prediction of Maize F2 Synthetics with Varying Numbers of Lines

Author:
Fidel Marquez-Sanchez
Source:
Crop science 1979 v.19 no.4 pp. 439-444
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; breeding programs; corn; cultivars; humid tropics; least squares; open pollination; plant breeding; prediction; synthetic products
Abstract:
... A method is proposed to predict the yield of an F₂ synthetic of maize (Zea mays L.) based on Wright's formula, F₂ = F̄₁ − F̄₁ − P̄)/n. Its basic principle is the fitting of the expected yields of F₁ and P to asymptotic curves that are functions of the number of lines (n) involved the synthetics. The asymptote of the F₁ function is assumed to be the yield (V) of the open-pollinated cultivar from wh ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900040004x

38. Environmental and Genetic Influences on Alfalfa Nectar

Author:
L. R. Teuber; D. K. Barnes
Source:
Crop science 1979 v.19 no.6 pp. 874-878
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Medicago sativa; alfalfa; breeding programs; clones; crossing; diallel analysis; florets; genetic factors; greenhouse experimentation; greenhouses; honey; inheritance (genetics); nectar; nectar secretion; parents; racemes; soil water; United States
Abstract:
... Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major source of nectar for honey production in the USA, but no attempts have been made to improve its nectar production potential. The objectives of this research were to provide basic information on several environmental and genetic factors to establish recommended sampling and selection procedures for a nectar breeding program. Two high, two intermediate, and tw ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900060031x

39. Forage Sampling Factors Influencing the Variability of In Vitro Fermentation Results of Grass Selections

Author:
E. C. Holt; W. C. Ellis; G. R. Engdahl
Source:
Crop science 1979 v.19 no.2 pp. 219-222
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Cenchrus ciliaris; Panicum coloratum; breeding programs; clones; digestibility; drying; fermentation; flowering date; forage; genotype; grasses; grinding; regrowth; tillers; variance
Abstract:
... Variation in in vitro fermentation estimates of forage digestibility is a problem. Only a few studies have quantified the extent of laboratory variation, and even less information is available on variability associated with sample collection, processing, and storage prior to analysis. A study was designed to evaluate the effects of source of samples and maturation on genotype selection in a breedi ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900020012x

40. Genetic Control of Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation in Maize

Author:
W. G. Pollmer; D. Eberhard; D. Klein; B. S. Dhillon
Source:
Crop science 1979 v.19 no.1 pp. 82-86
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; breeding programs; corn; cultivars; dry matter accumulation; drying; filling period; general combining ability; genotype; grain yield; hybrids; inbred lines; nitrogen; plant growth; specific combining ability; stover; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Hybrid combinations of 10 flint with nine dent inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) along with 10 standard cultivars were evaluated in two environments. Four flint and four dent inbred lines were the result of a breeding program for high protein percentage in the grain and good combining ability for agronomic traits. The materials were harvested at two stages, i.e. at the beginning of the grain-fil ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900010019x

41. In Vitro Tissue Culture of Selected Legumes and Plant Regeneration from Callus Cultures of Red Clover

Author:
Gregory C. Phillips; G. B. Collins
Source:
Crop science 1979 v.19 no.1 pp. 59-64
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Canavalia ensiformis; Glycine max; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; alfalfa; breeding programs; callus; callus culture; cell division; cell suspension culture; cultivars; organogenesis; soybeans; tissue culture
Abstract:
... A synthetic, chemically defined medium was developed for the initiation and growth of cell and tissue cultures of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The medium is broadly supportive and suitable for the culture of other legume species, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), soybeans (Glycine max L.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L). Cultural variables for red clover were defined, and it is ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900010014x

42. Influence of Planting Pattern on Estimated Digestibility of Smooth Bromegrass

Author:
P. O. Ugherughe; P. N. Drolsom; J. R. Davis
Source:
Crop science 1980 v.20 no.6 pp. 695-699
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Bromus inermis; breeding programs; digestibility; farms; forage grasses; genotype; in vitro digestion; leaves; panicles; planting; stems
Abstract:
... Digestibility estimates of most forage grasses in the early stages of breeding programs are based upon samples obtained from spaced plants in nurseries rather than from solid stands as grown on farms. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between digestibility estimates of spaced plants and solid stands of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). Whole plants and plant par ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1980.0011183X002000060005x

43. Soybean Response to Indigenous Rhizobia as Influenced by Cultivar Origin

Author:
D. Nangju
Source:
Agronomy journal 1980 v.72 no.3 pp. 403-406
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycine max; Rhizobium; breeding programs; cultivars; inoculum; nodulation; plant breeding; seed inoculation; seed yield; soybeans; Indonesia; Nigeria; United States
Abstract:
... Many investigators believe that when grown for the fist time, the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nodulates poorly unless inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum. However, in Nigeria the cultivar ‘Malayan,’ which originated from Indonesia, has nodulated quite well with indigenous strains of Rhizobium. We chose cultivars originating from Southeast Asia and from the USA and compared parameters associat ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200030002x

44. Descriptive Comparison of Senescent and Nonsenescent Sorghum Genotypes

Author:
R. R. Duncan; A. J. Bockholt; F. R. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1981 v.73 no.5 pp. 849-853
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Haplustolls; Sorghum bicolor; Udifluvents; breeding programs; chlorophyll; clay; clay loam soils; experimental design; flowering; genotype; growing season; leaf area; leaf area index; leaf blade; ratooning; sugars; tillers; yield components; Texas
Abstract:
... Under normal field conditions, leaves of many typical sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl lines such as BT×378, RT×7000, RT×2536, and SC 214(IS 1598C) senesce after grain maturity. In the field, several upper leaves of three partially converted lines [SCOO56 (IS 12568), SC0599 (Rio), and SCO170 (IS12661)] from the sorghum conversion program remained green and apparently vigorous after grain matu ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1981.00021962007300050024x

45. Recurrent Selection for Percent Protein in Soybean Seed — Indirect Effects on Plant N Accumulation and Distribution

Author:
T. E. Carter; J. W. Burton; C. A. Brim
Source:
Crop science 1982 v.22 no.3 pp. 513-519
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Glycine max; breeding programs; carbon; leaf area index; petioles; pods; recurrent selection; roots; seed yield; soybeans; stems; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Six cycles of recurrent selection in two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] populations increased percent protein in the seed 1.2 and 3.3 percentage units (2). We subsequently evaluated seasonal accumulatioann dd istribution in these populationsto relate changes in N accumulationw ith the observedc hangesi n seed percent protein. Cycles 0, 2, 4, and 6 of selection were tested in 2 years, two locatio ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183X002200030018x

46. Heat Tolearance Screening of Field-Grown Cultivars of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass

Author:
D. D. Minner; P. H. Dernoeden; D. J. Wehner; M. S. McIntosh
Source:
Agronomy journal 1983 v.75 no.5 pp. 772-775
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Hapludults; Lolium perenne; Poa pratensis; breeding programs; cold season; cultivars; fertilizer application; germplasm; greenhouses; heat; heat stress; heat tolerance; nitrogen fertilizers; screening; temperature; turf grasses
Abstract:
... The quality of cool-season turfgrasses frequently declines during periods of high temperature stress. Simple tests are needed to rapidly identify heat tolerant germplasm for incorporation into breeding programs. Facilitative screening tests have been devised, however, in the few studies that have been performed only immature and greenhouse or growth chamber-grown plants have been evaluated. To be ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500050012x

47. Nitrogen Fixation Capabilities of Plant Introduction Accessions of Pasture and Range Forage Legumes

Author:
J. F. Walsh; D. F. Bezdicek; A. M. Davis; D. L. Hoffman
Source:
Agronomy journal 1983 v.75 no.3 pp. 474-479
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Astragalus cicer; Hedysarum coronarium; Lupinus; Onobrychis; Oxytropis; Rhizobium; USDA; breeding programs; dry matter accumulation; forage; forage legumes; introduced plants; jars; legumes; nitrogen content; nitrogen fixation; pastures; surveys; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Many legume species provide excellent quality forage, although the extent to which non-cultivated species are able to fix N symbiotically is generally unknown. In this report 91 accessions of legumes from the genera Astragalus, Onobrychis, Lupinus, Hedysarum, and Oxytropis were tested for their ability to nodulate and fix N effectively. All accessions were obtained from the USDA Western Regional P ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500030014x

48. Antibiosis to the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) in wild species of Nicotiana

Author:
Huesing, Joseph; Jones, Davy
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1988 v.47 no.3 pp. 267-274
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Manduca sexta; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; antibiosis; bioassays; breeding programs; field experimentation; larvae; mechanism of action; mortality
Abstract:
... Four wild species of Nicotiana were examined in field experiments for antibiosis toward larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). The species examined were N. excelsior Black, N. gossei Domin., N. plumbaginifolia Viviani, and N. stocktonii Brandegee. Feeding, growth, and mortality rates were used as physiological indicators of plant defense compounds in a four day bioassay procedure. The ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01145.x

49. Spillover Effects of International Agricultural Research: CIMMYT‐based Semi‐Dwarf Wheats in Australia

Author:
John P. Brennan
Source:
Agricultural economics 1989 v.3 no.4 pp. 323-332
ISSN:
0169-5150
Subject:
Triticum; agricultural research; breeding; breeding programs; cost effectiveness; exports; genes; pedigree; wheat; Australia
Abstract:
... The spillover effects of agricultural research are of interest because research‐induced supply shifts in non‐target regions can reduce the benefits for producers in the target regions. The introduction of semi‐dwarfing genes in wheat into Australia provides an example of spillover from the CIMMYT program. Australia's wheat‐growing environments were not those for which the CIMMYT material was speci ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-0862.1989.tb00094.x

50. Comparative value of four arcelin variants in the development of dry bean lines resistant to the Mexican bean weevil

Author:
Cardona, Cesar; Kornegay, Julia; Posso, Carmen E.; Morales, Francisco; Ramirez, Hernando
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1990 v.56 no.2 pp. 197-206
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; Zabrotes subfasciatus; alleles; antibiosis; arcelin; backcrossing; breeding programs; cultivars; dominant genes; dry beans; inheritance (genetics); insects; progeny
Abstract:
... Wild Phaseolus vulgaris L. accessions containing arcelin codominant alleles 1 through 5 were reconfirmed and characterized for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Accession G 02771 (arcelin 5) had the highest level of antibiosis resistance, followed by G 12952 (arcelin 4), G 12882 (arcelin 1) and G 12866 (arcelin 2). Arcelin 3 accessions ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01397.x