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1. Enzymatic fractionation of fatty acids: enrichment of gamma-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by selective esterification catalyzed by lipases

Author:
Hills, M.J.; Kiewitt, I.; Mukherjee, K.D.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1990 v.67 no.9 pp. 561-564
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
fractionation; linolenic acid; cod liver oil; Rhizomucor miehei; plant fats and oils; yields; triacylglycerol lipase; esterification; butanol; Brassica napus; Oenothera biennis; catalytic activity
DOI:
10.1007/BF02540767

2. Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

Author:
Noureddini, H.; Kanabur, M.
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1999 v.76 no.3 pp. 305-312
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
aluminum oxide; autoclaves; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; diatomaceous earth; hydrogen peroxide; molybdenum; niobium; oleic acid; oxidation; pellets; silica; tantalum; tungsten; zirconium
Abstract:
... Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various transition metal/metal oxide catalysts was studied in a batch autoclave reactor. Azelaic and pelargonic acids are the major reaction products. Tungsten and tantalum and their oxides in supported and unsupported forms were used as catalysts. Alumina pellets and Kieselguhr powder were used as supports fo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-999-0236-7

3. Chemoselective transfer hydrodechlorination of aryl chlorides catalyzed by Cp*Rh complexes

Author:
Ken-ichi Fujita; Maki Owaki; Ryohei Yamaguchi
Source:
Chemical communications 2002 v. no.24 pp. 2964-2965
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
butanol; catalytic activity; chemoselectivity; dechlorination; hydrogen; moieties; organochlorine compounds
Abstract:
... An effective Cp*Rh catalyzed transfer hydrodechlorination of aryl chlorides was achieved with high tolerance towards a variety of functional groups using 2-butanol as a hydrogen source. ...
DOI:
10.1039/b209855e

4. Formation of a novel type of reverse microemulsion system and its application in synthesis of the nanostructured La₀.₉₅Ba₀.₀₅MnAl₁₁O₁₉ catalyst

Author:
Fei Teng; Jinguang Xu; Zhijian Tian; Junwei Wang; Yunpeng Xu; Zhusheng Xu; Guoxing Xiong; Liwu Lin
Source:
Chemical communications 2004 v. no.16 pp. 1858-1859
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; combustion; emulsions; methane; surface area
Abstract:
... In the study, a novel microemulsion system, consisting of water, iso-propanol and n-butanol, was developed to synthesize the nanostructured La₀.₉₅Ba₀.₀₅MnAl₁₁O₁₉ catalyst with high surface area and catalytic activity for methane combustion. ...
DOI:
10.1039/b404133j

5. Continuous-flow, gas phase synthesis of 1-chlorobutane (1-bromobutane) from 1-butanol and aqueous HCl (HBr) over silica-supported quaternary phosphonium salt

Author:
Pietro Tundo; Maurizio Selva
Source:
Green chemistry 2005 v.7 no.6 pp. 464-467
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
Lewis bases; atmospheric pressure; butanol; catalytic activity; gases; green chemistry; hydrobromic acid; hydrochloric acid; organic halogen compounds; reaction mechanisms; selectivity (chemistry); silica gel; zinc chloride
Abstract:
... The continuous-flow syntheses of 1-chlorobutane and 1-bromobutane were achieved in the gas phase starting from 1-butanol, at 130–170 °C and atmospheric pressure. An aqueous mixture of 1-butanol and commercial hydrochloric or hydrobromic acids (37 and 48%, respectively) was fed into a plug-flow catalytic reactor loaded with zinc chloride (ZnCl₂: 5 and 15 wt%) or a phosphonium salt (n-Bu₄P⁺Br⁻: 5 an ...
DOI:
10.1039/b418941h

6. An efficient, practical and cost-effective polymer-supported catalyst for the transesterification of methyl methacrylate by 1-butanol

Author:
Gaëlle Baquey; Marie-Hélène Alvès; Magalie Graullier; Alain Riondel; Jean-Michel Paul; Marc Birot; Hervé Deleuze
Source:
Green chemistry 2009 v.11 no.6 pp. 868-872
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; cost effectiveness; green chemistry; leaching; solvents; titanium; toxic substances; transesterification
Abstract:
... A straightforward and cost-effective synthesis of a polymer-supported titanium alkoxide catalyst is reported. The described synthesis involves cheap, readily available and relatively non toxic chemicals, solvents and workup procedures. Efficiency and stability of the catalyst were tested in a laboratory-scale continuous flow reactor under equilibrium conditions over a month period. The average dai ...
DOI:
10.1039/b820704f

7. An ultrasonic inactivation of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase in aqueous solutions

Author:
Karaseva, E. I.; Tarun, E. I.; Metelitsa, D. I.
Source:
Applied biochemistry and microbiology 2009 v.45 no.1 pp. 9-16
ISSN:
0003-6838
Subject:
Aspergillus niger; activation energy; aqueous solutions; butanol; catalytic activity; dimethyl sulfoxide; ethanol; food industry; free radicals; glucose oxidase; mannitol; octanol; pH; polychlorinated biphenyls; temperature; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... The inactivation of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GO) was studied in 0.02 M phosphate-citrate buffer (PCB) at various pH, temperatures of 37-59°C, and sonication with low frequency (27 kHz, LF-US) and high frequency (2.64 MHz, HF-US) ultrasound. The GO inactivation was characterized by the effective first-order inactivation rate constantsk in, k*in andk in(us), reflecting the total, thermal, ...
DOI:
10.1134/S0003683809010025

8. Lipase dissolution and stabilization in ether-functionalized ionic liquids

Author:
Hua Zhao; Cecil L. Jones; Janet V. Cowins
Source:
Green chemistry 2009 v.11 no.8 pp. 1128-1138
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
Pseudozyma antarctica; acetates; amino acids; ascorbic acid; betulinic acid; butanol; butyrates; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalytic activity; cations; cellulose; chlorides; enzymatic reactions; fatty acid esters; glucose; green chemistry; hydrogen bonding; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; ionic liquids; proteins; solubility; solutes; transesterification
Abstract:
... Ionic liquids (ILs) with various structures and properties have been extensively investigated in many biocatalytic reactions and processes. However, although hydrophobic ILs tend to stabilize the insoluble (suspended) enzymes, they usually have low hydrogen-bonding basicity with solutes, which limits the solubility of many substrates (such as D-glucose, ascorbic acid, and cellulose). In contrast, ...
DOI:
10.1039/b905388c

9. Organic solvent tolerance of an alkaline protease from salt-tolerant alkaliphilic Streptomyces clavuligerus strain Mit-1

Author:
Thumar, Jignasha T.; Singh, Satya P.
Source:
Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 2009 v.36 no.2 pp. 211-218
ISSN:
1367-5435
Subject:
Streptomyces clavuligerus; acetone; benzene; butanol; carbon; catalytic activity; chloroform; ethanol; nucleotide sequences; pH; proteinases; ribosomal RNA; secretion; solvents; xylene; India
Abstract:
... A salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycete, Mit-1 was isolated from Mithapur, coastal region of Gujarat, India. The strain was identified as Streptomyces clavuligerus and based on 16S rRNA gene sequence (EU146061) homology; it was related to Streptomyces sp. (AY641538.1). The organism could grow with up to 15% salt and pH 11, optimally at 5% and pH 9. It was able to tolerate and secrete alkaline pr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10295-008-0487-6
PubMed:
18941814

10. Cellulose conversion into alkylglycosides in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Author:
Igor A. Ignatyev; Pascal G. N. Mertens; Charlie Van Doorslaer; Koen Binnemans; Dirk E. de Vos
Source:
Green chemistry 2010 v.12 no.10 pp. 1790-1795
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
alkylation; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; cellulose; chlorides; glucose; green chemistry; hydrolysis; ionic liquids; isomers; moieties; polymers
Abstract:
... The conversion of cellulose into alkylglycosides is carried out in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Primary alcohols like n-butanol and n-octanol were used as alkylating reagents. The acidic resin Amberlyst 15DRY proved to be the optimum heterogeneous catalyst: it catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β(1→4) links in the cellulose polymeric cha ...
DOI:
10.1039/c0gc00192a

11. Interdependent lateral interactions, hydrophobicity and acid strength and their influence on the catalytic activity of nanoporous sulfonic acid silicas

Author:
Jean-Philippe Dacquin; Hannah E. Cross; D. Robert Brown; Tina Düren; Jennifer J. Williams; Adam F. Lee; Karen Wilson
Source:
Green chemistry 2010 v.12 no.8 pp. 1383-1391
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
acetic acid; ammonia; butanol; calorimetry; catalysts; catalytic activity; esterification; green chemistry; hydrophobicity; moieties; nanopores; sulfonic acids
Abstract:
... A series of propylsulfonic (MCM–SO₃H) and octyl co-functionalised propylsulfonic (MCM–Oc–SO₃H) catalysts have been prepared by post modification of MCM-41 with mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) to achieve SO₃H surface coverages spanning the range 0.12–1 monolayer. Within the MCM–Oc–SO₃H series, samples with submonolayer MPTS coverages were further grafted with octyltrimethoxysilane to cap bare ...
DOI:
10.1039/c0gc00045k

12. Solubilisation of α-chymotrypsin by hydrophobic ion pairing in fluorous systems and supercritical carbon dioxide and demonstration of efficient enzyme recycling

Author:
Karima Benaissi; Martyn Poliakoff; Neil R. Thomas
Source:
Green chemistry 2010 v.12 no.1 pp. 54-59
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
batch systems; butanol; carbon dioxide; catalytic activity; chymotrypsin; cooling; enzyme activity; green chemistry; hydrophobicity; light scattering; solubilization; surfactants; transesterification
Abstract:
... Hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) with the fluorinated surfactant KDP 4606 (KDP) was used to extract the protein α-chymotrypsin (CMT) into perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMC). The diameter of the solubilised CMT-KDP complexes formed in PFMC was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to be 25 nm which suggested the formation of a protein aggregate containing ∼100 protein molecules surrounded by KDP ...
DOI:
10.1039/b904761a

13. Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil using 1-octene and 1-butanol over sulfonic acid resin catalysts

Author:
Zhijun Zhang; Qingwen Wang; Prabhat Tripathi; Charles U. Pittman Jr
Source:
Green chemistry 2011 v.13 no.4 pp. 940-949
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
acetates; acidity; aldehydes; alkylation; biofuels; biomass; butanol; carboxylic acids; catalysts; catalytic activity; emulsifiers; esterification; ethers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; green chemistry; heat; hydrophobicity; ketones; mass transfer; models; odors; oil and gas industry; olefin; pH; phenolic compounds; pyrolysis; separation; solubility; sulfonic acids; water content
Abstract:
... Raw bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass must be refined before it can be used as a transportation fuel, a petroleum refinery feed or for many other fuel uses. Raw bio-oil was upgraded with the neat model olefin, 1-octene, and with 1-octene/1-butanol mixtures over sulfonic acid resin catalysts from 80 to 150 °C in order to simultaneously lower water content and acidity and to increase hydrophobi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c0gc00464b

14. Enzymatic preparation of melibiose and alkyl β-d-fructofuranosides by commercial lactase

Author:
Hana Smrtičová; Margita Čanigová; Mária Mastihubová; Vladimír Mastihuba
Source:
Journal of molecular catalysis 2011 v.72 no.1-2 pp. 53-56
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
beta-fructofuranosidase; beta-galactosidase; butanol; catalytic activity; glycosylation; hydrolysis; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; yields
Abstract:
... Lactozyme 3000L was found to possess β-fructofuranosidase activity and catalyzed hydrolysis of raffinose to melibiose and formation of alkyl β-d-fructofuranosides from sucrose. The total chemical yield of melibiose was 95.5%, yields of alkyl β-d-fructofuranosides ranged from 5.2 to 20.2% depending on the structure of the acceptor. Alcohols larger than butanol were not glycosylated. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.024

15. Esterification activity and stability of Talaromyces thermophilus lipase immobilized onto chitosan

Author:
Ines Belhaj-Ben Romdhane; Zamen Ben Romdhane; Ali Gargouri; Hafedh Belghith
Source:
Journal of molecular catalysis 2011 v.68 no.3-4 pp. 230-239
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
Talaromyces; adsorption; butanol; catalytic activity; chitosan; esterification; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; glutaraldehyde; hexane; oleic acid; pH; solvents; temperature; titration
Abstract:
... The Talaromyces thermophilus lipase (TTL) was immobilized by different methods namely adsorption, ionic binding and covalent coupling, using various carriers. Chitosan, pre-treated with glutaraldehyde, was selected as the most suitable support material preserving the catalytic activity almost intact and offering maximum immobilization capacity (76% and 91%, respectively). The chitosan-immobilized ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.11.010

16. Immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase on silica aerogels by adsorption: Comparison with the free enzyme

Author:
Nadia Kharrat; Yassine Ben Ali; Sana Marzouk; Youssef-Talel Gargouri; Maha Karra-Châabouni
Source:
Process biochemistry 2011 v.46 no.5 pp. 1083-1089
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
Rhizopus oryzae; adsorption; biocatalysts; butanol; catalytic activity; esterification; functional properties; hexane; immobilized enzymes; oleic acid; pH; recycling; silica; solvents; temperature
Abstract:
... Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized by physical adsorption onto silica aerogels. The functional properties of immobilized lipase were determined and compared to the soluble lipase ones. The optimum temperature for both free and immobilized lipase activities was 37°C. We found that the immobilization of R. oryzae lipase onto silica aerogels increased remarkably its stability at high temper ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.029

17. Optimized synthesis of (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl caproate using germinated rapeseed lipase in organic solvent

Author:
Muhammad Liaquat
Source:
Journal of molecular catalysis 2011 v.68 no.1 pp. 59-65
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
acetone; biocatalysts; butanol; catalytic activity; chemical structure; enzyme activity; enzyme stability; esterification; esters; flavor; heptane; hexanoic acid; isoamyl alcohol; odors; rapeseed; seed germination; sieves; solvents; temperature; triacylglycerol lipase
Abstract:
... (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl esters are important green top-note components of food flavors and fragrances. Effects of various process conditions on (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl caproate synthesis employing germinated rapeseed lipase acetone powder in organic solvent were investigated. Rapeseed lipase catalyzed ester formation more efficiently with non-polar compared to polar solvents despite high enzyme stability in bot ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.09.011

18. Synthesis of short chain alkyl esters using cutinase from Burkholderia cepacia NRRL B2320

Author:
Kasturi Dutta; Veeranki Venkata Dasu
Source:
Journal of molecular catalysis 2011 v.72 no.3-4 pp. 150-156
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
cutinase; reaction kinetics; Burkholderia cepacia; valeric acid; models; esterification; carbon; butyric acid; flavor; solvents; wines; butanol; enzyme substrates; temperature; catalytic activity; prediction
Abstract:
... Short chain alkyl esters are well appreciated for fruity flavors they provide. These are mainly applied to the fruit-flavored products like jam, jelly, beverages, wine and dairy. Cutinase from Burkholderia cepacia NRRL B 2320 was found to be active in catalyzing the synthesis of alkyl esters in organic solvent. The optimal temperature range for the enzyme catalyzed synthesis was found to be from 3 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.05.013

19. Alcohol tolerance of Escherichia coli acrR and marR regulatory mutants

Author:
Annette Lin Luhe; Henry Gerken; Lily Tan; Jinchuan Wu; Hua Zhao
Source:
Journal of molecular catalysis 2012 v.76 no. pp. 89-93
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
DNA; Escherichia coli; alcohol tolerance; butanol; catalytic activity; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; genes; mutants; transporters
Abstract:
... We investigated the alcohol tolerance of Escherichia coli acrR and marR regulatory mutants. The local repressor gene acrR and the global repressor gene marR were deleted either separately or together from the genomic DNA of E. coli for overexpression of AcrAB-TolC. Mutants with ΔacrR background indicated no growth difference in the exponential growth phase and modestly better growth in the station ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.11.013

20. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of wood and alcohol mixtures in a fluidized bed reactor

Author:
Huiyan Zhang; Torren R. Carlson; Rui Xiao; George W. Huber
Source:
Green chemistry 2012 v.14 no.1 pp. 98-110
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
1-propanol; Pinus; biomass; butanol; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; ethylene; fluidized beds; green chemistry; hydrogen; methanol; naphthalene; petrochemicals; propylene; pyrolysis; stable isotopes; temperature; toluene; wood; xylene; zeolites
Abstract:
... Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of pine wood, alcohols (methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol) and their mixtures with ZSM-5 catalyst were conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the product carbon yields and selectivities of CFP of pure pine wood and methanol were investigated. A maximum carbon yield of petrochemi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c1gc15619e

21. Efficient dehydration of bio-based 2,3-butanediol to butanone over boric acid modified HZSM-5 zeolites

Author:
Wengui Zhang; Dinghua Yu; Xiaojun Ji; He Huang
Source:
Green chemistry 2012 v.14 no.12 pp. 3441-3450
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
aluminum; boric acid; butanol; catalytic activity; dehydrogenation; green chemistry; hydrogen bonding; industry; moieties; silicon; zeolites
Abstract:
... The dehydration of bio-based 2,3-butanediol provides an alternative green way to produce butanone, which is mainly produced through the dehydrogenation of butanol in industry. In this research, the effect of the framework Si/Al ratio on 2,3-butanediol dehydration over HZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al = 38–360) was investigated. HZSM-5(360) was further modified with boric acid, and the influence of the loadi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c2gc36324k

22. Enhanced alcohol electrocatalysis with the introduction of magnetic composites into nickel electrocatalysts

Author:
Garett G. W. Lee; Johna Leddy; Shelley D. Minteer
Source:
Chemical communications 2012 v.48 no.98 pp. 11972-11974
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
asymmetric membranes; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; chemical communication; chemical reactions; electrochemistry; magnetism; methanol; nickel
Abstract:
... The addition of a magnetic composite membrane to a traditional nickel electrocatalyst was employed to increase the methanol and n-butanol electrocatalysis in alkaline media. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c2cc36965f

23. Evaluation of immobilized lipases on poly-hydroxybutyrate beads to catalyze biodiesel synthesis

Author:
Adriano A. Mendes; Pedro C. Oliveira; Ana M. Vélez; Roberto C. Giordano; Raquel de L.C. Giordano; Heizir F. de Castro
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2012 v.50 no.3 pp. 503-511
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Pseudomonas fluorescens; immobilized enzymes; butyric acid; hydrophobicity; polyhydroxybutyrate; catalytic activity; butanol; biocatalysts; babassu oil; olive oil; carboxylic ester hydrolases; Attalea; hydrolysis; biodiesel; Bacillus thermocatenulatus; ethanol; adsorption; Pseudozyma antarctica; transesterification; particle size; esterification; Thermomyces lanuginosus
Abstract:
... Five microbial lipase preparations from several sources were immobilized by hydrophobic adsorption on small or large poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) beads and the effect of the support particle size on the biocatalyst activity was assessed in the hydrolysis of olive oil, esterification of butyric acid with butanol and transesterification of babassu oil (Orbignya sp.) with ethanol. The catalytic activit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.020

24. Hydrogen via steam reforming of liquid biofeedstock

Author:
Gaurav Nahar; Valerie Dupont
Source:
Biofuels 2012 v.3 no.2 pp. 167-191
ISSN:
1759-7277
Subject:
bio-feedstocks; biodiesel; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; ethanol; glycerol; hydrogen; hydrogen production; liquids; steam; thermodynamics; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... This review examines the use of steam reforming to convert bioliquids, such as ethanol, glycerol, butanol, vegetable oil, bio-oils and biodiesel, into hydrogen gas. The focus of the research was to investigate the research being undertaken in terms of catalyst developments for the steam reforming of the aforementioned feedstock, and to determine the perspective opportunities in this area. Hydrogen ...
DOI:
10.4155/bfs.12.8

25. Kinetics of esterification of acidified oil with different alcohols by a cation ion-exchange resin/polyethersulfone hybrid catalytic membrane

Author:
Honglei Zhang; Jincheng Ding; Yanli Qiu; Zengdian Zhao
Source:
Bioresource technology 2012 v.112 no. pp. 28-33
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
butanol; catalytic activity; cations; esterification; ethanol; free fatty acids; ion exchange; mass transfer; methanol; models; oils; resins
Abstract:
... Hybrid catalytic membranes consisting of cation ion-exchange resin particles (CERP) and polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared by immersion phase inversion and used as heterogeneous catalysts for the esterification of acidified oil with methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. The membranes were characterized by ion exchange capacity and swelling degree tests. The membranes were annealed at differen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.104
PubMed:
22424925

26. Acid-catalyzed olefination of bio-oil in the presence of ethanol

Author:
Sabornie Chatterjee; Zhijun Zhang; Charles U Pittman Jr
Source:
Biofuels 2013 v.4 no.3 pp. 285-294
ISSN:
1759-7277
Subject:
acid value; biofuels; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; esters; ethanol; ethers; olefin; separation; solvents; viscosity; water content
Abstract:
... Background: Upgrading of bio-oil using acid-catalyzed olefination with added alcohol was explored. The previous approach of using a reagent such as 1-butanol to overcome the phase separation problem demonstrated excellent results. However, bio-based production of 1-butanol is still a low-yield process. In this work, a low-cost commodity solvent and reagent, ethanol, was used. Also, ethanol has low ...
DOI:
10.4155/bfs.13.16

27. Aerobic oxidation of primary aliphatic alcohols over bismuth oxide supported platinum catalysts in water

Author:
Tianliang Lu; Zhongtian Du; Junxia Liu; Hong Ma; Jie Xu
Source:
Green chemistry 2013 v.15 no.8 pp. 2215-2221
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
bismuth; bismuth oxide; butanol; carbonyl compounds; catalysts; catalytic activity; green chemistry; hydrogen; liquids; nanoparticles; oxidation; oxygen; platinum; solubility; solvents; temperature
Abstract:
... Catalytic oxidation of non-activated aliphatic alcohols with molecular oxygen is rather challenging, especially in an aqueous medium in the absence of an additional base. Bismuth is usually used as a promoter of platinum-based catalysts. In this work, bismuth oxide was explored as a support, and Pt⁰ nanoparticles supported on bismuth oxide (Pt/Bi₂O₃) exhibited high activity for aerobic oxidation o ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3gc40730f

28. Characterization of a highly thermostable ß-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Author:
Bettina Sommer; Daniel Garbe; Patrick Schrepfer; Thomas Brück
Source:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 2013 v.98 pp. 138-144
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
Clostridium acetobutylicum; NAD (coenzyme); NADP (coenzyme); biofuels; butanol; catalytic activity; energy content; enzymes; ethanol; fermentation; hydrophobicity; manufacturing; pH; solvents; temperature; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Higher energy content and hydrophobicity make bio-based n-butanol a preferred building block for chemical and biofuels manufacturing. Butanol is obtained by Clostridium sp. based ABE fermentation process. While the ABE process is well understood, the enzyme systems involved have not been elucidated in detail. The important enzyme ß-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum A ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.014

29. Kinetic study on enzymatic esterification of tuna fish oil fatty acids with butanol

Author:
Kriti Bhandari; S.P. Chaurasia; A.K. Dalai; Alok Gupta; K. Singh
Source:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 2013 v.94 pp. 104-110
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
Rhizopus oryzae; butanol; catalytic activity; docosahexaenoic acid; esterification; fish oils; hydrolysis; models; solvents; tuna
Abstract:
... Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important polyunsatured fatty acid (PUFA) which can be purified from tuna fish oil fatty acids by selective enzymatic esterification. The present paper investigates the kinetic study for selective esterification of tuna fish oil fatty acids with butanol catalyzed by Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) in biphasic solvent system. Under the most suitable reaction conditions ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.006

30. Life cycle assessment of sponge nickel produced by gas atomisation for use in industrial hydrogenation catalysis applications

Author:
Nicholas P. Lavery; David J. Jarvis; Stephen G. R. Brown; Nicholas J. Adkins; Benjamin P. Wilson
Source:
international journal of life cycle assessment 2013 v.18 no.2 pp. 362-376
ISSN:
0948-3349
Subject:
acidification; aluminum; atomization; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; computer software; ecosystem services; emissions; energy accounting; environmental impact; environmental performance; global warming; greenhouse gases; hydrogenation; life cycle assessment; manufacturing; materials life cycle; molybdenum; nickel; primary productivity; recycling
Abstract:
... PURPOSE: This paper presents a cradle-to-grave comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of new gas atomised (GA) sponge nickel catalysts and evaluates their performance against the current cast and crush standard currently used in the industrial hydrogenation of butyraldehyde to butanol. METHODS: A comparative LCA has been made, accounting for the energy used and emissions throughout the entire lif ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11367-012-0478-8

31. One-step continuous process for the production of 1-butanol and 1-hexanol by catalytic conversion of bio-ethanol at its sub-/supercritical state

Author:
Hassan S. Ghaziaskar; Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Source:
RSC advances 2013 v.3 no.13 pp. 4271-4280
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
aluminum oxide; bioethanol; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; ethanol; nickel
Abstract:
... A one-step, easy to scale-up, continuous process was developed to catalytically convert bio-ethanol into 1-butanol and 1-hexanol as chemicals or fuels, as well as some other compounds that are also useful as biogasoline. The process is novel as it employs ethanol at its sub- and supercritical states. The reactions were performed in a continuous-flow fixed-bed tubular reactor with γ-alumina support ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ra00134b

32. Synthesis and structural properties of hierarchically structured aluminosilicates with zeolite Y (FAU) frameworks

Author:
Baoyu Liu; Fei Chen; Liming Zheng; Jinghui Ge; Hongxia Xi; Yu Qian
Source:
RSC advances 2013 v.3 no.35 pp. 15075-15084
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; adsorption; aluminum silicates; benzaldehyde; butanol; catalytic activity; condensation reactions; crystal structure; density functional theory; mass transfer; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; porous media; potassium bromide; pyridines; scanning electron microscopy; surfactants; texture; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy; zeolites
Abstract:
... Hierarchical zeolites have emerged as an important class of materials for applications in adsorption, separation and catalysis. Herein, hierarchical zeolite Y was hydrothermally synthesized using an organosilane surfactant, which was added into the conventional synthesis composition for crystalline microporous aluminosilicates as mesopore-generating agent. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transfor ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ra41862f

33. Synthesis of Tetrabutylphosphonium Carboxylate Ionic Liquids and Its Catalytic Activities for the Alcoholysis Reaction of Propylene Oxide

Author:
Tao Duan-Jian; Ouyang Fan; Li Zhang-Min; Hu Na; Yang Zhen; Chen Xiang-Shu
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2013 v.52 no.48 pp. 17111-17116
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
1-propanol; alcoholysis; butanol; butyrates; catalysts; catalytic activity; engineering; epoxides; industry; ionic liquids; methanol; propylene glycol; propylene oxide; temperature
Abstract:
... Four tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids ([P₄₄₄₄][CA]) were prepared, characterized, and used as catalysts for the synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) from the alcoholysis reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with methanol. The effects of various parameters such as the kind of ILs, temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, and molar ratio of the reactants on PGME yield an ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie402250e

34. Brookite TiO₂ decorated α-Fe₂O₃ nanoheterostructures with rod morphologies for gas sensor application

Author:
Yanshuang Wang; Shurong Wang; Hongxin Zhang; Xueling Gao; Jiedi Yang; Liwei Wang
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2014 v.2 no.21 pp. 7935-7943
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
acetone; ambient temperature; benzene; butanol; catalytic activity; ethanol; ferric oxide; lithium batteries; methanol; nanoparticles; nanorods; pollutants; surfactants; titanium dioxide; toluene; volatile organic compounds; wastewater treatment; xylene
Abstract:
... In this paper, brookite-TiO₂/α-Fe₂O₃ heterostructured nanorods were synthesized by a facile two-step solution approach without using any templates or surfactants. α-Fe₂O₃ nanorods were first successfully obtained via a simple solution method at room temperature. The α-Fe₂O₃ nanorods were further employed as supports to construct nanoheterostructures for gas sensor application. The gas sensor based ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ta00163j

35. Catalysis for biomass and CO₂ use through solar energy: opening new scenarios for a sustainable and low-carbon chemical production

Author:
Paola Lanzafame; Gabriele Centi; Siglinda Perathoner
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2014 v.43 no.22 pp. 7562-7580
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
adipic acid; biomass; butanol; caprolactam; carbon; carbon dioxide; catalytic activity; ethanol; solar energy; wastes; Europe
Abstract:
... The use of biomass, bio-waste and CO₂ derived raw materials, the latter synthesized using H₂ produced using renewable energy sources, opens new scenarios to develop a sustainable and low carbon chemical production, particularly in regions such as Europe lacking in other resources. This tutorial review discusses first this new scenario with the aim to point out, between the different possible optio ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3cs60396b

36. Comparison of the performance of commercial immobilized lipases in the synthesis of different flavor esters

Author:
Andréa B. Martins; Alexandre M. da Silva; Mirela F. Schein; Cristina Garcia-Galan; Marco A. Záchia Ayub; Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente; Rafael C. Rodrigues
Source:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 2014 v.105 pp. 18-25
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
biocatalysts; butanol; butyric acid; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalytic activity; esterification; ethanol; flavor; isopropyl alcohol; pentanols; response surface methodology
Abstract:
... In this work, it is compared the performance of three commercial lipase preparations (Novozym 435, Lipozyme TL-IM, and Lipozyme RM-IM) in the synthesis of flavor esters obtained by esterification of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids using ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, or pentanol. A comprehensive comparison was performed verifying activities of these three enzyme preparations versus the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.03.021

37. Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase PaaH1 from Ralstonia eutropha

Author:
Jieun Kim; Jeong Ho Chang; Kyung-Jin Kim
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2014 v.448 pp. 163-168
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
Cupriavidus necator; adenosine diphosphate; biofuels; biosynthesis; butanol; catalytic activity; crystal structure; dimerization; site-directed mutagenesis
Abstract:
... 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the biofuel n-butanol by converting acetoacetyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. To investigate the molecular mechanism of n-butanol biosynthesis, we determined crystal structures of the Ralstonia eutropha-derived 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (RePaaH1) in complex with either its cofactor NAD+ or its substrate acetoacety ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.101

38. Efficient purification-immobilization of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri EX17 on porous styrene-divinylbenzene beads

Author:
Lígia de Abreu; Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente; Rafael C. Rodrigues; Giandra Volpato; Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
Source:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 2014 v.99 pp. 51-55
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
Staphylococcus warneri; adsorption; biocatalysts; butanol; butyrates; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalytic activity; ethanol; hexane; hydrophobicity; immobilized enzymes; isopropyl alcohol; methanol; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; solvents
Abstract:
... Lipase from Staphylococcus warneri EX17 (SWL) was purified and immobilized via interfacial adsorption using the hydrophobic supports Octyl-sepharose, Immobead 150, and MCI GEL CHP20P. The purity of the obtained immobilized biocatalysts, Octyl-SWL, Immobead-SWL, and MCI-SWL, was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and their thermal and solvent stability were tested. Results indicated that the intensity of the in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.018

39. Efficient synthesis of vitamin E intermediate by lipase-catalyzed regioselective transesterification

Author:
Chun Wei; Xian-Feng Fu; Zhao Wang; Xin-Jun Yu; Yin-Jun Zhang; Jian-Yong Zheng
Source:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 2014 v.106 pp. 90-94
ISSN:
1381-1177
Subject:
Rhizomucor miehei; acetates; agitation; biocatalysts; butanol; catalytic activity; enzymatic reactions; kinetics; recycling; solvents; temperature; transesterification; vitamin E
Abstract:
... Trimethylhydroquinone-1-monoacetate (TMHQ-1-MA) is a valuable synthetic intermediate for vitamin E acetate. Immobilized Lipozyme RM IM from Mucor miehei was shown to be the best biocatalyst for the production of TMHQ-1-MA through regioselective transesterification between trimethylhydroquinone diacetate (TMHQ-DA) and alcohol. The effects of lipase-catalyzed reaction conditions including solvent, a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.05.003

40. Engineering Clostridium acetobutylicum for production of kerosene and diesel blendstock precursors

Author:
Sebastian Bormann; Zachary C. Baer; Sanil Sreekumar; Jon M. Kuchenreuther; F. Dean Toste; Harvey W. Blanch; Douglas S. Clark
Source:
Metabolic engineering 2014 v.25 pp. 124-130
ISSN:
1096-7176
Subject:
Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus; Clostridium acetobutylicum; acetone; aldehyde dehydrogenase; aldehydes; alternative fuels; butanol; carbon; catalytic activity; ethanol; ethanol production; fermentation; heat shock proteins; kerosene; metabolic engineering; solvents
Abstract:
... Processes for the biotechnological production of kerosene and diesel blendstocks are often economically unattractive due to low yields and product titers. Recently, Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation products acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) were shown to serve as precursors for catalytic upgrading to higher chain-length molecules that can be used as fuel substitutes. To produce suitable k ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ymben.2014.07.003

41. Enhancement of esterification conversion using novel composite catalytically active pervaporation membranes

Author:
Weidong Zhang; Weihua Qing; Ning Chen; Zhongqi Ren; Jiangrong Chen; Wei Sun
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2014 v.451 pp. 285-292
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
acetic acid; artificial membranes; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; esterification; models; pervaporation; scanning electron microscopy; temperature
Abstract:
... A catalytically active pervaporation membrane with a novel composite structure has been prepared by using the immersion phase inversion method. SEM images show its structure containing three layers: the top layer is a porous catalytic layer, the middle layer is the dense PVA selective layer and the bottom layer is the commercially available PES support layer. Esterification reaction of acetic acid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.001

42. Enzymatic and regulatory properties of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum

Author:
Yanyan Gao; Ying Jiang; Qiulei Liu; Ruiming Wang; Xinli Liu; Bo Liu
Source:
Biochimie 2014 v.101 pp. 215-220
ISSN:
0300-9084
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); additives; alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming); anions; beta-mercaptoethanol; butanol; catalytic activity; chondroitin sulfate; divalent metals; enzyme activity; glucose; glucose 6-phosphate; heparin; isopropyl alcohol; metabolism; metal ions; methanol; molecular models; mutagenesis; pH; temperature; thermal stability; trehalose; urea
Abstract:
... Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase plays an important role in trehalose metabolism. It catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose (UDPG) to glucose 6-phosphate to produce trehalose-6-phosphate. Herein we describe the characterization of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. The dimeric enzyme could utilize UDPG, ADP-Glucose (ADPG) and GD ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.018

43. Fe₃O ₄@C nanoparticles as high-performance Fenton-like catalyst for dye decoloration

Author:
Xiaoliang Zhang; Manli He; Jia-Hui Liu; Rong Liao; Lianqin Zhao; Jingru Xie; Ruijue Wang; Sheng-Tao Yang; Haifang Wang; Yuanfang Liu
Source:
Chinese science bulletin 2014 v.59 no.27 pp. 3406-3412
ISSN:
1001-6538
Subject:
butanol; carbon; catalytic activity; coatings; decolorization; glucose; hydrogen peroxide; iron oxides; methylene blue; nanoparticles; oxidation; pH; temperature; water pollution; water treatment
Abstract:
... Water pollution has become serious environmental problem nowadays. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been widely applied in water treatment. However, traditional Fenton reaction based on Fe²⁺-H₂O₂ system has obvious drawbacks, which limit its applications. In this study, magnetic Fe₃O₄ core-C shell nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@C NPs) were prepared for the decoloration of methylene blue (MB) via the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11434-014-0439-7

44. Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles as a high-performance Fenton-like catalyst in a neutral environment

Author:
Sheng-Tao Yang; Wu Zhang; Jingru Xie; Rong Liao; Xiaoliang Zhang; Baowei Yu; Ruihan Wu; Xiaoyang Liu; Hongliang Li; Zhen Guo
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.5 no.7 pp. 5458-5463
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; coatings; decolorization; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; hydrogen peroxide; ions; iron; iron oxides; magnetism; methylene blue; nanoparticles; oxidation; pH; silica; temperature; water treatment
Abstract:
... Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been widely applied in water treatment. However, traditional Fenton reactions based on a Fe²⁺–H₂O₂ system requires an acidic environment and generates a large amount of Fe³⁺ ions. Herein, we reported that magnetic Fe₃O₄ core–SiO₂ shell nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs) could be used as a Fenton-like catalyst for the decomposition of H₂O₂, resulting in the decol ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra10207j

45. Group III alcohol dehydrogenase from Pectobacterium atrosepticum: insights into enzymatic activity and organization of the metal ion-containing region

Author:
Skander Elleuche; Krisztian Fodor; Amélie von der Heyde; Barbara Klippel; Matthias Wilmanns; Garabed Antranikian
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2014 v.98 no.9 pp. 4041-4051
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); Escherichia coli; NAD (coenzyme); NADP (coenzyme); Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum; alanine; alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde reductase; butanol; carbon; catalytic activity; cobalt; dimerization; enzyme activity; genes; isozymes; proteins
Abstract:
... NAD(P)⁺-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are widely distributed in all phyla. These proteins can be assigned to three nonhomologous groups of isozymes, with group III being highly diverse with regards to catalytic activity and primary structure. Members of group III ADHs share a conserved stretch of amino acid residues important for cofactor binding and metal ion coordination, while sequence ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-013-5374-z
PubMed:
24265029

46. Microwave Irradiated Immobilized Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkyl Benzoate Esters by Transesterification: Mechanism and Kinetic Modeling

Author:
Shinde Somnath D.; Yadav Ganapati D.
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.21 pp. 8706-8713
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
Pseudozyma antarctica; benzyl alcohol; biocatalysts; butanol; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalytic activity; cosmetics; drugs; engineering; esters; flavor; heptane; industry; isoamyl alcohol; microwave radiation; models; pentanols; synergism; transesterification
Abstract:
... Alkyl benzoate esters have gained importance due to their application in a variety of industries such as flavor, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Effect of microwave irradiation in the enzymatic transesterification of methyl benzoate with different alcohols, viz., n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, benzyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, was investigated. Synthesis of n-he ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie4040972

47. Organic hydroperoxide formation in the acid-catalyzed heterogeneous oxidation of aliphatic alcohols with hydrogen peroxide

Author:
Qifan Liu; Weigang Wang; Ze Liu; Tianhe Wang; Lingyan Wu; Maofa Ge
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.38 pp. 19716-19724
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
acid deposition; aerosols; ambient temperature; butanol; catalytic activity; hydrogen peroxide; hydroperoxides; hydroxyl radicals; oxidation; spectrometers; sulfuric acid
Abstract:
... Organic hydroperoxides (ROOH) are reactive species which play significant roles in atmospheric processes, such as acid precipitation, hydroxyl radical cycling and secondary organic aerosol formation. Despite their observation in the atmosphere, our understanding of their formation mechanism is still incomplete. In the present work, ROOH formation was found in the acid-catalyzed heterogeneous oxida ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra02486a

48. Oxorhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration of glycols and epoxides

Author:
Jacqkis Davis; Radhey S. Srivastava
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2014 v.55 no.30 pp. 4178-4180
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
alkenes; benzene; biomass; butanol; catalytic activity; chemical reactions; chemical structure; epoxides; glycols; solvents
Abstract:
... The conversion of renewable cellulosic biomass into hydrocarbons has attracted significant attention with a growing demand of sustainability. MeReO3 catalyzes the deoxydehydration (DODH) of glycols and epoxides to alkenes by primary and secondary alcohols (5-nonanol, 3-octanol, 1-butanol) in the benzene solvent. The product yield range from moderate to excellent. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.044

49. Preparation and characterization of Pt/Pt:CeO₂₋ₓ nanorod catalysts for short chain alcohol electrooxidation in alkaline media

Author:
Christian L. Menéndez; Yunyun Zhou; Chris M. Marin; Neil J. Lawrence; E. Bryan Coughlin; Chin Li Cheung; Carlos R. Cabrera
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.63 pp. 33489-33496
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
anodes; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; electrochemistry; ethanol; methanol; nanoparticles; nanorods; oxidation; platinum
Abstract:
... Multi-functional anode catalysts composed of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles electrodeposited on 2 wt% Pt decorated ceria (Pt:CeO₂₋ₓ) nanorod supports were shown to enhance the alkaline electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, ethanol and n-butanol over electrodeposited Pt nanoparticles alone or ones supported with pure ceria nanorods. The Pt:CeO₂₋ₓ nanorod support was demonstrated to increase the curr ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra03807j

50. Process intensification of immobilized lipase catalysis by microwave irradiation in the synthesis of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) esters

Author:
Somnath D. Shinde; Ganapati D. Yadav
Source:
Biochemical engineering journal 2014 v.90 pp. 96-102
ISSN:
1369-703X
Subject:
MCPA (herbicide); Pseudozyma antarctica; benzyl alcohol; butanol; carboxylic ester hydrolases; catalysts; catalytic activity; esterification; esters; immobilized enzymes; isopropyl alcohol; leaves; microwave radiation; pentanols; roots; solvents; water solubility
Abstract:
... 4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is a selective systemic herbicide which is absorbed by leaves and roots. MCPA esters are preferred due to their low water solubility and environmental friendliness. Esterification of MCPA with n-butanol was investigated as a model reaction using immobilized enzymes under the influence of microwave irradiation. Different immobilized enzymes such as Novozym ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bej.2014.05.015