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1. "Spanish" pepper trellis system and high plant density can increase fruit yield, fruit quality, and reduce labor in a hydroponic, passive-ventilated greenhouse

Author:
Jovicich, E.; Cantliffe, D.J.; Stoffella, P.J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2003 v. no.614 pp. 255-262
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; bags; buds; canopy; flowers; fruit quality; fruit set; fruit yield; fruits; greenhouses; hydroponics; labor; pepper; plant density; polyethylene; spring; stems; sweet peppers; United States
Abstract:
... The production and quality of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘HA3378’) fruits were evaluated in a hydroponic system in a passive-ventilated greenhouse during spring and summer 2000 in Gainesville, FL, USA. Two plant growing systems were used: a) “V” trellis system (plants pruned to two stems, individually and vertically trained); and b) “Spanish” system (plants not pruned, with lateral ho ...

2.   Ground cover and leaf area index relationship in a grass, legume and crucifer crop

Author:
J. Ramirez-Garcia; P. Almendros; M. Quemada
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 385-390
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Brassica napus; Hordeum vulgare; Vicia sativa; barley; canopy; environment; grasses; leaf area index; legumes; photosynthetically active radiation; soil
Abstract:
... Canopy characterization is essential for describing the interaction of a crop with its environment. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC) in a grass, a legume and a crucifer crop, and to assess the feasibility of using these relationships as well as LAI-2000 readings to estimate LAI. Twelve plots were sown with either barley (Ho ...
DOI:
10.17221/195/2012-pse

3.   Prediction of crude protein content in rice grain with canopy spectral reflectance

Author:
H. Zhang; T.Q. Song; K.L. Wang; G.X. Wang; H. Hu; F.P. Zeng
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.11 pp. 514-520
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
canopy; crude protein; environment; field experimentation; grain quality; neural networks; nitrogen; paddies; prediction; principal component analysis; reflectance; rice; soil; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... Non-destructive and rapid monitoring methods for crude protein content (CPC) in rice grain are of significance in nitrogen diagnosis and grain quality monitoring, and in enhancing nutritional management and use efficiency. In this study, CPC and canopy spectra in rice were measured based on rice field experiment. Key spectral bands were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) method, and th ...
DOI:
10.17221/526/2012-pse

4.  Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Author:
I. Drápelová
Source:
Journal of Forest Science v.58 no.2 pp. 88-100
ISSN:
1212-4834
Subject:
Picea abies; anthropogenic activities; canopy; forests; organic nitrogen; throughfall; total nitrogen; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spru ...
DOI:
10.17221/38/2011-jfs

5. 'And then there were three': highly efficient uptake of potassium by foliar trichomes of epiphytic bromeliads

Author:
Winkler, Uwe; Zotz, Gerhard
Source:
Annals of botany 2010 v.106 no.3 pp. 421-427
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
foliar uptake; rubidium; metabolism; canopy; nitrogen; nutrient utilization; transporters; trichomes; epiphytes; Vriesea; soil; potassium; plant response; tanks; surpluses; atomic absorption spectrometry; nutrients; roots; leaves; phosphorus
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vascular epiphytes have to acquire nutrients from atmospheric wash out, stem-flow, canopy soils and trapped litter. Physiological studies on the adaptations to nutrient acquisition and plant utilization of nutrients have focused on phosphorus and nitrogen; potassium, as a third highly abundant nutrient element, has received minor attention. In the present study, potassium upta ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcq120
PubMed:
20542886
PubMed Central:
PMC2924823

6. 'Gala' apple performance with mechanical hedging in southern Brazil growing conditions

Author:
G. F. Sander; M. Magro; T. A. Macedo; F. K. Peters; L. Rufato; A. R. Rufato; T. L. Robinson
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2018 no.1228 pp. 109-112
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; canopy; cultivars; grafting (plants); orchards; pruning; regrowth; rootstocks; summer; trees; vigor; wages and remuneration; Brazil
Abstract:
... Different canopy management strategies have been used to reduce vigor and labor costs, including time of pruning and training system. “Fruiting wall” systems lend themselves to mechanical hedging, to control vigor and reduce labor costs. Hedging could eliminate the need for summer pruning. This trial evaluated different hedging times during the summer and different hedging intensities in a Brazili ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1228.15

7. 'Lapins' on ten cherry rootstocks in the Alpe Adria region

Author:
Fajt, N.; Folini, L.; Bassi, G.; Siegler, H.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1020 pp. 371-376
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Prunus avium; canopy; cherries; fruit quality; planting; rootstocks; spring; trees; vigor; Austria; Croatia; Germany; Italy; Slovenia
Abstract:
... ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry was planted on ten cherry rootstocks in several Alpe-Adria countries (Germany, Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia) in spring 1997. Tabel Edabriz, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 4, GiSelA 5, GiSelA 195/20, PiKu 4.20 = PiKu 1 and MaxMa 14 were tested and compared with F12/1. Tree vigour (canopy volume and trunk cross-sectional area), yield, yield efficiency and frui ...

8. -Impact of multiple environmental factors on species abundance in various forest layers using an integrative modeling approach

Author:
Amjad ur Rahman; Shujaul Mulk Khan; Zeeshan Ahmad; Saad Alamri; Mohamed Hashem; Muhammad Ilyas; Ahmet Aksoy; Canan Dülgeroğlu; Gulzar Khan, Shahab Ali
Source:
Global ecology and conservation 2021 v.29 pp. e01712
ISSN:
2351-9894
Subject:
canopy; clay; equations; forest ecosystems; forests; regression analysis; sand; silt; soil; species abundance; topography; Himalayan region
Abstract:
... It was hypothesized that multiple environmental factors influence distribution and abundance of plant species in different vegetation layers of the forest ecosystem=. Here, we have assessed plant diversity, abundance and its relationship with multiple factors through an integrative modeling approach. To substantiate or negate our hypothesis, Quadrat quantitative ecological methods were carried out ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01712

9. 1-Methylcyclopropene Effects on the Physiology and Yield of Field-Grown Cotton

Author:
Kawakami, Eduardo M.; Oosterhuis, Derrick M.; Snider, John L.
Source:
Journal of cotton science 2010 v.14 no.4 pp. 233-239
Subject:
1-methylcyclopropene; Gossypium hirsutum; antioxidants; bolls; canopy; drought; flowers; foliar application; fruit drop; fruiting; glutathione-disulfide reductase; heat stress; leaves; lint yield; malondialdehyde; photosystem II; plant stress; seed cotton; temperature; Arkansas
Abstract:
... Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major fiber crop; however, cotton yields are often limited due to its extreme sensitivity to environmental stress such as high temperature and drought. The current project was designed to evaluate the use of the plant growth regulator 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to alleviate the adverse effect of environmental stress on cotton yields. Three field studies were c ...

10. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine thinning of a common slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple orchard. I: Dose effects and spray distribution in the crowns

Author:
M. Stopar; G. Leskošek; A. Simončič
Source:
Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology 2009 v.84 no.6 pp. 122-126
ISSN:
2380-4084
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; application rate; benzyladenine; biotechnology; canopy; environmental impact; horticulture; leaf area; leaves; naphthaleneacetic acid; orchards; rootstocks; runoff; spraying; trees
Abstract:
... To find the most appropriate rates of application of plant growth regulator (PGR) thinning-agents for a common slender spindle apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard, different volumes of dilute 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) were sprayed ha⁻¹. Mature ‘Jonagold’/M.9 trees, 3.0 – 3.5 m high and 1.2 – 1.5 m wide, planted in a single row system with 3,030 trees ha⁻¹, were u ...
DOI:
10.1080/14620316.2009.11512608

11. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine thinning of a common slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple orchard. II: Partial tree spraying

Author:
M. Stopar; G. Leskošek; A. SimončIč
Source:
Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology 2009 v.84 no.6 pp. 127-130
ISSN:
2380-4084
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; benzyladenine; biotechnology; canopy; fruits; horticulture; leaves; naphthaleneacetic acid; orchards; runoff; spray coverage; spray volume; sprayers; spraying; trees
Abstract:
... Mature slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees were thinned using 10 mg l–¹ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 100 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine (BA) and an axial fan sprayer at a spray volume of 1,500 l ha⁻¹ applied to the whole canopy, or with smaller volumes, where only the upper half of each canopy was sprayed. Partial spray applications of NAA or BA (at 1,000 l ha⁻¹, 750 ...
DOI:
10.1080/14620316.2009.11512609

12. 137Cs transfer from canopies onto forest floors at Mount Tsukuba in the four years following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author:
Tatsuhiro Nishikiori; Mirai Watanabe; Masami K. Koshikawa; Keiji Watanabe; Shigeki Yamamura; Seiji Hayashi
Source:
Science of the total environment 2019 v.659 pp. 783-789
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
accidents; atmospheric deposition; canopy; cesium; forest ecosystems; forest litter; forests; half life; inventories; nuclear power; power plants; radionuclides; temporal variation; throughfall; trees; Japan
Abstract:
... This study investigated the transport of 137Cs within a forest ecosystem by examining temporal changes in the inventory and determining the major pathways of transfer following significant atmospheric deposition. A forested area of eastern Japan was monitored for four years immediately after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 that released a large amount of radionuclides. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.359

13. 13: Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. (Amaryllidaceae)

Author:
KAWANO, SHOICHI
Source:
Plant species biology 2009 v.24 no.2 pp. 139-144
ISSN:
0913-557X
Subject:
Amegilla; Lycoris; Thymelicus; butterflies; canopy; flowers; forest litter; leaves; life history; seeds; trees; China; Japan; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... The life-history characteristics of Lycoris sanguinea Maxim., a bulbous perennial of the Amaryllidaceae, are described here. Its geographical range is in the warm-temperate to cool-temperate zone of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, extending further to the Korean Peninsula and China. Its growth form and seasonality are very unique, that is, the productive and reproductive phases are separate, wh ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1442-1984.2009.00249.x

14. 13C isotopic signature and C concentration of soil density fractions illustrate reduced C allocation to subalpine grassland soil under high atmospheric N deposition

Author:
Matthias Volk; Seraina Bassin; Moritz F. Lehmann; Mark G. Johnson; Christian P. Andersen
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2018 v.125 pp. 178-184
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
carbon dioxide; soil separates; canopy; soil organic carbon; greenhouses; weather; seasonal variation; soil respiration; ecosystems; stable isotopes; grasslands; soil density; grassland soils
Abstract:
... We followed soil C fluxes in a subalpine grassland system exposed to experimentally increased atmospheric N deposition for 7 years. Earlier we found that, different from the plant productivity response, the bulk soil C stock increase was highest at the medium, not the high N input as hypothesized. This implies that a smaller N-deposition rate has a greater potential to favor the biological greenho ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.07.014
PubMed:
32076353
PubMed Central:
PMC7029678

15. 14C fixation and translocation in sugarcane clones with contrasting weights of leaf per unit weight of cane and storage cell volumes

Author:
McDavid, C.R.; Midmore, D.J.
Source:
Annals of botany 1980 v.46 no.4 pp. 479-483
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
canopy; carbon; clones; leaves; photosynthesis; radioactivity; sugarcane
Abstract:
... The rates of 14CO2 fixation and translocation of labelled assimilates in the leaf below the topmost fully expanded leaf of four sugarcane clones with widely differing weights of leaf per unit weight of cane (L/J ratio) and storage cell volumes, were measured in the field. Differences in the rate of fixation and rate and velocity of translocation were found between the clones and, within species gr ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085941

16. 15N tracer enrichment in response to winter soil temperature manipulation differs between canopy trees and juveniles

Author:
Hugh A. L. Henry; Juergen Kreyling; Gerhard Gebauer; Marcin Klisz; Robert Weigel
Source:
Trees 2021 v.35 no.1 pp. 325-331
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; autumn; canopy; forests; frost; insulating materials; juveniles; nitrogen; plant nitrogen content; snow; snowpack; soil temperature; spring; winter
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: Juveniles and canopy trees may not exhibit similar nitrogen acquisition responses to soil temperature change caused by variation in snow cover over winter. The use of ¹⁵N tracer is a powerful tool for tracking the effects of variation in soil frost on plant nitrogen acquisition. While the responses of juvenile trees to environmental change are often used to infer the responses of cano ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-020-02003-9

17. 18-year grass hedge effect on soil water loss and soil productivity on sloping cropland

Author:
HaiTao Liu; Li Yao; ChaoWen Lin; Xie Wang; WenZhi Xu; Hong Wang
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2018 v.177 pp. 12-18
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
Amorpha fruticosa; Chrysopogon zizanioides; Medicago sativa; alfalfa; canopy; corn; cropland; environmental quality; grain yield; grasses; nutrients; organic matter; runoff; soil depth; soil erosion; soil fertility; soil productivity; soil water; solar radiation; terraces; water conservation; China
Abstract:
... Grass hedges planted along the contour of slope cropland can greatly reduce water and soil loss, but the effect of long-term grass hedge cultivation on soil productivity is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal and spatial characteristics of soil thickness, soil fertility and grain yield on the slope croplands with long-term grass hedge cultivation. Four grass hedges, v ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2017.11.007

18. 2-D delineation of individual citrus trees from UAV-based dense photogrammetric surface models

Author:
Ali Ozgun Ok; Asli Ozdarici-Ok
Source:
International journal of digital earth 2018 v.11 no.6 pp. 583-608
ISSN:
1753-8955
Subject:
Citrus; automation; canopy; computer vision; data collection; models; orchards; photogrammetry; remote sensing; trees
Abstract:
... One of the challenges of remote sensing and computer vision lies in the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of individual trees by using automated methods through very high-resolution (VHR) data sets. However, a successful and complete 3-D reconstruction relies on precise delineation of the trees in two dimensions. In this paper, we present an original approach to detect and delineate citrus tr ...
DOI:
10.1080/17538947.2017.1337820

19. 20 years later: Does reduced soil area change overall tree growth?

Author:
Jessica R. Sanders; Jason C. Grabosky
Source:
Urban forestry & urban greening 2014 v.13 no.2 pp. 295-303
ISSN:
1618-8667
Subject:
Acer rubrum; Prunus serrulata; Pyrus calleryana; Quercus; Zelkova serrata; canopy; inventories; planting; soil; tree and stand measurements; tree growth; trees; Florida; New Jersey
Abstract:
... Urban conditions have been thought to affect tree growth, but there is little conclusive evidence as to the severity of those influences or how various species respond differentially to urban stress. Reduced growth expectations are important to understand, because they affect design choices for the urban tree canopy, particularly as required by legislative mandate. Five tree species (Acer rubrum, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ufug.2013.12.006

20. 2D approximation of realistic 3D vineyard row canopy representation for light interception (fIPAR) and light intensity distribution on leaves (LIDIL)

Author:
R. López-Lozano; F. Baret; I. García de Cortázar Atauri; E. Lebon; B. Tisseyre
Source:
European journal of agronomy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 171-183
ISSN:
1161-0301
Subject:
canopy; leaf area index; leaves; light intensity; models; photoperiod; photosynthesis; photosynthetically active radiation; soil water balance; vineyards
Abstract:
... A detailed dynamic 3D architecture model coupled with a soil water balance model is used to explore the pertinence of 2D approximations of the row structure and describe the light regime and canopy photosynthesis in vineyard. The fraction of intercepted light (fIPAR), the fraction of illuminated leaf area (fILA) and the distribution of light intensity on illuminated leaves (LIDIL) were calculated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.eja.2011.06.005

21. 3-PG simulations of young ponderosa pine plantations under varied management intensity: Why do they grow so differently?

Author:
Liang Wei; John D. Marshall; Jianwei Zhang; Hang Zhou; Robert F. Powers
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2014 v.313 pp. 69-82
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; canopy; climate change; data collection; fertilizers; forest growth; forest management; forests; gas exchange; growth models; leaf area index; leaves; light intensity; managers; plant tissues; plantations; prediction; sap flow; shrubs; stable isotopes; temporal variation; transpiration; tree growth; trees; understory; vapor pressure; water vapor; California
Abstract:
... Models can be powerful tools for estimating forest productivity and guiding forest management, but their credibility and complexity are often at issue for forest managers. We parameterized a process-based forest growth model, 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), to simulate growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plantations in Northern California. We used data collected from the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.035

22. 3D Assessment of Vine Training Systems Derived from Ground-Based RGB-D Imagery

Author:
Hugo Moreno; José Bengochea-Guevara; Angela Ribeiro; Dionisio Andújar
Source:
Agriculture (Basel) 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2077-0472
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; agriculture; biomass; cameras; canopy; computer vision; crop management; crop yield; phenology; vegetation; vines; vineyards
Abstract:
... In the field of computer vision, 3D reconstruction of crops plays a crucially important role in agriculture. On-ground assessment of geometrical features of vineyards is of vital importance to generate valuable information that enables producers to take the optimum actions in terms of agricultural management. A training system of vines (Vitis vinifera L.), which involves pruning and a trellis syst ...
DOI:
10.3390/agriculture12060798

23. 3D Point Cloud Data in Conveying Information for Local Green Factor Assessment

Author:
Kaisa Jaalama; Heikki Kauhanen; Aino Keitaanniemi; Toni Rantanen; Juho-Pekka Virtanen; Arttu Julin; Matti Vaaja; Matias Ingman; Marika Ahlavuo; Hannu Hyyppä
Source:
ISPRS international journal of geo-information 2021 v.10 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2220-9964
Subject:
canopy; data collection; green infrastructure; spatial data; urban areas; urban development; Finland
Abstract:
... The importance of ensuring the adequacy of urban ecosystem services and green infrastructure has been widely highlighted in multidisciplinary research. Meanwhile, the consolidation of cities has been a dominant trend in urban development and has led to the development and implementation of the green factor tool in cities such as Berlin, Melbourne, and Helsinki. In this study, elements of the green ...
DOI:
10.3390/ijgi10110762

24. 3D architectural modelling of aerial phogomorphogenesis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) using L-systems

Author:
Gautier, H.; Mech, R.; Prusinkiewicz, P.; Varlet-Grancher, C.
Source:
Annals of botany 2000 v.85 no.3 pp. 359-370
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
far-red light; simulation models; canopy; solar radiation; petioles; stem form; Trifolium repens; absorbance; plant development; branching; internodes; light intensity; shade; red light; photoperiod; reflectance
Abstract:
... The objective of this work was to construct a model of aerial development of clover that takes into account morphogenetic responses to the light environment, and to use it to analyse and understand these processes in terms of signal perception and integration. The plant model was interfaced with a Monte Carlo model that determines photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and red/far-red ratio (R/ ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1999.1069

25. 3D lidar imaging for detecting and understanding plant responses and canopy structure

Author:
Omasa, Kenji; Hosoi, Fumiki; Konishi, Atsumi
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 2007 v.58 no.4 pp. 881-898
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
canopy; carbon sinks; chlorophyll; color; computer techniques; digital images; fluorescence; image analysis; leaves; lidar; photosynthesis; pigments; plant growth; plant response; plant stress; reflectance; remote sensing; satellites; stomatal movement; temperature; transpiration
Abstract:
... Understanding and diagnosing plant responses to stress will benefit greatly from three-dimensional (3D) measurement and analysis of plant properties because plant responses are strongly related to their 3D structures. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for direct 3D measurement of plant structure. Here the use of 3D lidar imaging to estimate plant propertie ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/erl142
PubMed:
17030540

26. 3D model processing for high throughput phenotype extraction – the case of corn

Author:
Dimitris Zermas; Vassilios Morellas; David Mulla; Nikos Papanikolopoulos
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2020 v.172 pp. 105047
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
Zea mays; automation; cameras; canopy; corn; corn stover; crops; data collection; developmental stages; industry; leaf area index; leaf length; leaves; models; phenotype; plant height; statistics; stems; unmanned aerial vehicles
Abstract:
... High resolution RGB imagery collected using a UAV and a handheld camera was used with structure from motion to reconstruct 3D canopies of small groups of corn plants. A methodology for the automated extraction of phenotypic characteristics of individual plants is presented based on these 3D reconstructed canopies. Such information can enhance the evaluation of crop traits and provide accurate and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2019.105047

27. 3D modelling of mango fruit skin blush in the tree canopy

Author:
X. Yu; N. White; A. Lisle; S. F. Cao; Y. Zhang; D. C. Joyce; P. J. Hofman
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1111 pp. 341-346
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
anthocyanins; biosynthesis; branches; canopy; cultivars; leaves; mangoes; models; pigmentation; pruning; reflectance; shade; solar radiation; trees
Abstract:
... The fruit of certain mango cultivars (e.g., ‘Honey Gold’) can develop blush on their skin. Skin blush due to red pigmentation is from the accumulation of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is related to environmental determinants, including light received by the fruit. It has been observed that mango skin blush varies with position in the tree canopy. However, little investigation into this sp ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1111.49

28. 3D radiative transfer modelling of fire impacts on a two-layer savanna system

Author:
M.I. Disney; P. Lewis; J. Gomez-Dans; D. Roy; M.J. Wooster; D. Lajas
Source:
Remote sensing of environment 2011 v.115 no.8 pp. 1866-1881
ISSN:
0034-4257
Subject:
algorithms; canopy; grasses; national parks; overstory; radiative transfer; radiometry; reflectance; remote sensing; savannas; simulation models; trees; understory; wavelengths; South Africa
Abstract:
... We present a new, detailed three dimensional (3D) approach to modelling the pre- and post-fire reflectance of a two-layer savanna system modelled as heterogeneous overstory (tree) and understory (grass) layers. The models were developed from detailed field measurements of structural and radiometric properties made at experimental burn plots with varying canopy cover in the Kruger National Park, So ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.010

29. 3D volumetric modeling of grapevine biomass using Tripod LiDAR

Author:
Keightley, Keir E.; Bawden, Gerald W.
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2010 v.74 no.2 pp. 305-312
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
simulation models; grapes; vines; lidar; Vitis vinifera; accuracy; canopy; aboveground biomass; volume; lasers; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Tripod mounted laser scanning provides the means to generate high-resolution volumetric measures of vegetation structure and perennial woody tissue for the calculation of standing biomass in agronomic and natural ecosystems. Other than costly destructive harvest methods, no technique exists to rapidly and accurately measure above-ground perennial tissue for woody plants such as Vitis vinifera (com ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2010.09.005

30. 3‐D maps of tree canopy geometries at leaf scale: Ecological Archives E090‐019

Author:
Hervé Sinoquet; Sylvain Pincebourde; Boris Adam; Nicolas Donès; Jessada Phattaralerphong; Didier Combes; Stéphane Ploquin; Krissada Sangsing; Poonpipope Kasemsap; Sornprach Thanisawanyangkura; Géraldine Groussier-Bout; JérÔme Casas
Source:
Ecology 2009 v.90 no.1 pp. 283
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
allometry; apples; branches; branching; canopy; data collection; ecophysiology; fruit growing; fruit yield; leaf angle; leaf area; leafminers; leaves; mangoes; microclimate; models; mortality; primary productivity; risk; rubber; trees; walnuts
Abstract:
... The geometrical structure of plant canopies has many implications for plant functioning, microclimatic conditions, and plant‐pathogen/herbivore interactions. Plant geometry can be described at several scales. At the finest scale, canopy structure includes the shape, size, location, and orientation of each organ in the canopy. This data set reports the three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometry of a set of f ...
DOI:
10.1890/08-0179.1

31. 42. Age-old changes in ecosystems of Tit–Ary, the polar island in the lower reaches of the Lena river (north-east Asia)

Author:
A.P. Isaev; L.G. Mikhalyova; N.G. Solomonov; M.V. Okoneshnikova; V.K. Vasilyeva; A.A. Popov; T.I. Ivanova
Source:
Cryobiology 2012 v.65 no.3 pp. 352-353
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
arthropods; trees; fungi; mosses and liverworts; shoots; forests; stems; tree trunk; Microtus oeconomus; ecosystems; winter; growth and development; soil; climate change; temperature; small mammals; humus; climatic factors; cold; birds; canopy; rivers; latitude; shrews; thawing; lichens; Australia; Asia
Abstract:
... At the beginning of the 20th century, the expedition headed by Cajander (1903, 1904) discovered the northern outpost of a larch forest in the lower reaches of the Lena River, on a polar island Tit-Ary. At that time, the canopy density of the forest values reached 0.4; tree height was 3–5m, and tree trunk stems were crooked. Two years later, the Australian ornithologists Hall and Trebilcock (Robin, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.07.041

32. 4′,4‴,7,7″-Tetra-O-methylcupressuflavone Inhibits Seed Germination of Lactuca sativa

Author:
DeForest Jacob C.; Du Lin; Joyner P. Matthew
Source:
Journal of natural products 2014 v.77 no.4 pp. 1093-1096
ISSN:
1520-6025
Subject:
Araucaria columnaris; Lactuca sativa; canopy; seed germination; seeds
Abstract:
... Biflavonoids have been isolated from a wide variety of plant species, but little is known about their native biological functions. Here we report a possible ecological role for biflavonoids by describing the isolation of the biflavonoid 4′,4‴,7,7″-tetra-O-methylcupressuflavone (1) from Araucaria columnaris and its inhibitory effect on seed germination. Compound 1 was isolated from needles of a sin ...
DOI:
10.1021/np4010739

33. 50 years of water extraction in the Pampa del Tamarugal basin: Can Prosopis tamarugo trees survive in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (Northern Chile)?

Author:
R.O. Chávez; J.G.P.W. Clevers; M. Decuyper; S. de Bruin; M. Herold
Source:
Journal of arid environments 2016 v.124 pp. 292-303
ISSN:
0140-1963
Subject:
Landsat; Prosopis tamarugo; basins; canopy; diurnal variation; dry environmental conditions; ecosystems; forests; groundwater; leaves; reflectance; remote sensing; summer; trees; water stress; winter; Chile
Abstract:
... Groundwater-dependent ecosystems are threatened worldwide by unsustainable groundwater (GW) extraction. This is the case of the Prosopis tamarugo Phil forest in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (Northern Chile), one of the most extreme ecosystems on Earth. Despite concerns about the conservation of this ecosystem, little research has been done to quantify the effects of the increasing GW depth (GWD) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.007

34. 6000 years of forest dynamics in Suserup Skov, a seminatural Danish woodland

Author:
Gina E. Hannon; Richard Bradshaw; Jens Emborg
Source:
Global ecology and biogeography 2000 v.9 no.2 pp. 101-114
ISSN:
1466-822X
Subject:
Acer campestre; Acer platanoides; Alnus glutinosa; Betula pubescens; Corylus avellana; Fagus sylvatica; Frangula alnus; Fraxinus excelsior; Malus sylvestris; Pinus sylvestris; Populus tremula; Quercus petraea; Quercus robur; Salix; Sorbus aucuparia; Tilia cordata; Tilia platyphyllos; Ulmus glabra; anthropogenic activities; canopy; catalytic activity; charcoal; deciduous forests; fires; flora; forest dynamics; forest stands; fruits; pollen; sediments; trees; woodlands; Denmark
Abstract:
... 1 The history of a forest stand over the last 6000 years has been reconstructed by studying pollen, macrofossils and charcoal from a small, wet hollow in Suserup Skov on the island of Sjælland in eastern Denmark. 2 The earliest recorded forest was Tilia‐dominated but contained an intimate mixture of many different tree species that included Acer campestre, A. platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, Betula p ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00145.x

35. Dioszeghyana schmidtii (Diószeghy 1935), and survey its presence and abundance (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Hadeninae)

Author:
M. Turčáni; J. Kulfan
Source:
Journal of Forest Science v.56 no.3 pp. 121-129
ISSN:
1212-4834
Subject:
Acer; European Union; Noctuidae; Quercus; Tenthredinidae; canopy; forest management; forests; habitats; moths; surveys
Abstract:
... Dioszeghyana schmidtii (Di󳺥ghy 1935), is forest species protected by European Union. Its distribution has been studied essentially by the use of light traps. However, its biology and habitat preferences are not sufficiently known and thus its habitats may be damaged by forest management. We suggest the beating method in order to collect larvae as an useful way to record and to surve ...
DOI:
10.17221/55/2009-jfs

36. Phytophthora Species from Xinjiang Wild Apple Forests in China

Author:
Xiaoxue Xu; Wenxia Huai; Hamiti; Xuechao Zhang; Wenxia Zhao
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Malus domestica; Malus sieversii; Phytophthora cactorum; ancestry; apples; baiting; barium; canopy; dominant species; ecosystems; forest pathogens; forests; germplasm; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; meta-analysis; plant breeding; ribosomal DNA; sequence analysis; soil sampling; species richness; streams; surveys; topographic slope; China
Abstract:
... Phytophthora species are well-known destructive forest pathogens, especially in natural ecosystems. The wild apple (Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem.) is the primary ancestor of M. domestica (Borkh.) and important germplasm resource for apple breeding and improvement. During the period from 2016 to 2018, a survey of Phytophthora diversity was performed at four wild apple forest plots (Xin Yuan (XY), ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10100927

37. Sarcopoterium spinosum: Revisiting shrub development and its relationship to space occupation with time

Author:
Orna Reisman-Berman; Zalmen Henkin
Source:
Israel journal of plant sciences 2007 v.55 no.1 pp. 53-61
ISSN:
0792-9978
Subject:
Mediterranean climate; adults; branches; canopy; dry environmental conditions; seedlings; sexual reproduction; shrubs; space and time; Israel
Abstract:
... We describe and quantify the process of space occupation by the dwarf shrub, Sarcopoterium spinosum, in mesic and xeric Mediterranean environments. The shrubs were sampled in fifteen 2 m x 1 m plots in an arid Mediterranean site (Lahav, northern Negev, Israel) and in a 10-m2 patch in a sub-humid Mediterranean site (Elkosh, Galilee). The results revealed three clear stages of deve ...
DOI:
10.1560/IJPS.55.1.53

38. A 10-Year Study on Techniques for Vegetation Restoration in a Desertified Salt Lake Area

Author:
Gao, Yong; Qiu, Guo Yu; Shimizu, Hideyuki; Tobe, Kazuo; Sun, Baoping; Wang, Ji
Source:
Journal of arid environments 2002 v.52 no.4 pp. 483-497
ISSN:
0140-1963
Subject:
afforestation; air; arid lands; canopy; desertification; irrigation; lakes; land restoration; planting; rain; relative humidity; sand; seedlings; survival rate; vegetation; wind speed; China
Abstract:
... Vegetation restoration is one of the most common and effective ways to combat desertification and prevent adjacent areas from sand encroachment in many of the desertified regions of the world. However, vegetation restoration in desertified regions is very difficult because of low rainfall, the mobile ground surface, and cost. An effective, low-cost method of afforestation is urgently required. To ...
DOI:
10.1006/jare.2002.1013

39. A 10-year demographic study of rabbitbush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus): growth, survival and water limitation

Author:
Toft, C.A.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.101 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
canopy; dunes; deserts; drought; water stress; plant competition; demography; Chrysothamnus nauseosus; mortality; water table; California
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328893

40. A 1416-year reconstruction of annual, multidecadal, and centennial variability in area burned for ponderosa pine forests of the southern Colorado Plateau region, Southwest USA

Author:
Christopher I. Roos; Thomas W. Swetnam
Source:
Holocene v.22 no.3 pp. 281-290
ISSN:
1477-0911
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; canopy; climate; coniferous forests; fire frequency; fire history; fire regime; fire scars; fire severity; fires; fuels; growth rings; models; plateaus; protocols; regression analysis; trees; Arizona; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Fire history reconstructions from fire scars in tree rings have been valuable for assessing fire regime changes and their climatic controls. It has been asserted, however, that these two- to four-century long records from the western USA are unrepresentative of longer periods of the Holocene and are of limited use for understanding current or future fire regimes. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (800– ...
DOI:
10.1177/0959683611423694

41. A 3-D functional–structural grapevine model that couples the dynamics of water transport with leaf gas exchange

Author:
Junqi Zhu; Zhanwu Dai; Philippe Vivin; Gregory A Gambetta; Michael Henke; Anthony Peccoux; Nathalie Ollat; Serge Delrot
Source:
Annals of botany 2018 v.121 no.5 pp. 833-848
ISSN:
1095-8290
Subject:
Vitis; abscisic acid; canopy; carbon dioxide; climate change; data collection; diurnal variation; drying; embolism; environmental factors; gas exchange; leaf water potential; leaves; microclimate; models; photosynthesis; plant growth; prediction; sap; stomatal conductance; temperature; vapor pressure deficit; water stress; xylem
Abstract:
... Predicting both plant water status and leaf gas exchange under various environmental conditions is essential for anticipating the effects of climate change on plant growth and productivity. This study developed a functional–structural grapevine model which combines a mechanistic understanding of stomatal function and photosynthesis at the leaf level (i.e. extended Farqhuhar–von Caemmerer–Berry mod ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcx141
PubMed:
29293870
PubMed Central:
PMC5906973

42. A 3-D simulation of leaf condensation on cucumber canopy in a solar greenhouse

Author:
Ran Liu; Jian Liu; Huiying Liu; Xinting Yang; José Fernando Bienvenido Bárcena; Ming Li
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2021 v.210 pp. 310-329
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
air temperature; canopy; cucumbers; dew; dynamic models; fluid mechanics; greenhouses; leaf wetness; leaves; microclimate; model validation; pathogens; relative humidity; soil temperature; solar radiation; wind speed
Abstract:
... Leaf wetness duration (LWD) provides the necessary conditions for pathogen infection. Among them, dew condensation on the crop canopy due to high humidity in a greenhouse is a major cause of LWD formation. However, it would be costly to monitor the condensation of all the leaves in a greenhouse. A computational fluid dynamics model was studied for the spatial and temporal distribution of the indoo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.008

43. A 300-year history of Pacific Northwest windstorms inferred from tree rings

Author:
Paul A. Knapp; Keith S. Hadley
Source:
Global and planetary change 2012 v.92-93 no. pp. 257-266
ISSN:
0921-8181
Subject:
El Nino; canopy; coasts; drought; growth rings; latitude; objectives; temperature; tree growth; trees; wind speed; Oregon
Abstract:
... Hurricane-force winds are frequently allied with mid-latitude cyclones yet little is known about their historical timing and geographic extent over multiple centuries. This research addresses these issues by extending the historical record of major mid-latitude windstorms along North America's Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast using tree-ring data collected from old-growth (>350years), wind-snapped tr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.06.002

44. A 370-year dendroecological history of an old-growth Abies-Acer-Quercus forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Author:
Abrams, M.D.; Copenheaver, C.A.; Terazawa, K.; Umeki, K.; Takiya, M.; Akashi, N.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1999 v.29 no.12 pp. 1891-1899
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
history; interspecific variation; Abies sachalinensis; canopy; volcanic activity; Quercus mongolica; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; ecological succession; Acer palmatum; dendrochronology; browsing; population dynamics; forest ecology; forests; Japan
DOI:
10.1139/x99-174

45. A 37‐year experimental study of the effects of structural alterations on a shrub community in the Mojave Desert, California

Author:
Bruce E. Mahall; Paul J. Fonteyn; Ragan M. Callaway; William H. Schlesinger
Source:
journal of ecology 2018 v.106 no.3 pp. 1057-1072
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Ambrosia dumosa; Larrea tridentata; aboveground biomass; canopy; community structure; demographic statistics; long term effects; root growth; shrubs; species recruitment; territoriality; xylem; California; Mojave Desert
Abstract:
... In 1977 an experiment was initiated in the Mojave Desert to investigate the relationship between shrub interactions and structure in a community dominated by Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata. Here, as in much of the Mojave, Larrea were regularly distributed, Ambrosia occurred in aggregations, and the two were randomly distributed relative to each other. Pre‐dawn xylem pressure potentials (PDX ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12904

46. A 3D approach to reconstruct continuous optical images using lidar and MODIS

Author:
HuaGuo Huang; Jun Lian
Source:
Forest Ecosystems 2015 v.2 no.1 pp. 20
Subject:
Betula; Landsat; biomass; canopy; farms; forest ecosystems; forest health; forests; land cover; leaf area index; lidar; models; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; monitoring; radiative transfer; rain; reflectance; remote sensing; texture; tree and stand measurements; trees; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Monitoring forest health and biomass for changes over time in the global environment requires the provision of continuous satellite images. However, optical images of land surfaces are generally contaminated when clouds are present or rain occurs. METHODS: To estimate the actual reflectance of land surfaces masked by clouds and potential rain, 3D simulations by the RAPID radiative tran ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40663-015-0044-5

47. A 3D architectural and process-based model of maize development

Author:
Fournier, C.; Andrieu, B.
Source:
Annals of botany 1998 v.81 no.2 pp. 233-250
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
temperature; mathematical models; Zea mays; plant development; canopy; morphogenesis; microclimate; internodes; microhabitats; leaf area; leaf area index; leaves; length; computer software; photosynthesis; heat sums; light
Abstract:
... A 3D architectural and process-based model of maize development was implemented on the basis of the L-system software Graphtal, interfaced with physical models computing microclimate distributed on the 3D canopy structure. In a first step, we incorporated in the software Graphtal additional functions that enable bi-directional communication with external modules. A simple model for distributed pho ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1997.0549

48. A 3D digitizing tool to determine fruit quality distribution within the canopy

Author:
N. Dallabetta; F. Costa; M. Giordan; A. Guerra; J. Pasqualini; R. Wehrens; G. Costa
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2017 v. no.1160 pp. 19-26
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; canopy; color; computer software; cultivars; fruit quality; fruits; growing season; summer; trees
Abstract:
... The “Slender Spindle”, one of the most used training systems for apple, was compared with the “Bi-axis”, an innovative training system, to determine their effect on fruit quality and fruit distribution within the canopy on 'Gala' cultivar. Two levels of crop loads were also introduced to observe their effects through chemical and manual thinning. Fruit position in the canopy was monitored during s ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1160.4

49. A 3D model for light interception in heterogeneous crop:weed canopies: Model structure and evaluation

Author:
N.M. Munier-Jolain; S.H.M. Guyot; N. Colbach
Source:
Ecological modelling 2013 v.250 pp. 101-110
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
annuals; canopy; crops; growth and development; integrated weed management; latitude; leaf area; models; photosynthetically active radiation; plant morphology; prediction; weeds
Abstract:
... Models predicting photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in heterogeneous canopies are an essential component of process-based weed dynamics models for assessing integrated weed management strategies. Most existing light availability models either consider only homogeneous canopies or are based on optical principles that are too complex for multi-annual and large-scale simulations required for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.10.023

50. A 50th anniversary reassessment of the seminal ‘L ana'i fog drip study' in Hawai'i

Author:
Juvik, J.O.; DeLay, J.K.; Kinney, K.M.; Hansen, E.W.
Source:
Hydrological processes 2011 v.25 no.3 pp. 402-410
ISSN:
0885-6087
Subject:
Araucaria columnaris; Pinus; canopy; islands; mountains; pineapples; rain; soil water; stemflow; throughfall; trees; tropical montane cloud forests; watersheds; weather stations; Hawaii
Abstract:
... During the 1950s, the Pineapple Research Institute (PRI) in Hawai'i launched one of the first, and still widely cited, quantitative studies of direct cloud water interception (CWI) and its contribution to throughfall (TF) (‘fog drip') under Cook Pine trees (Araucaria columnaris) on a trade-wind exposed, mountain ridge on the island of Lāna'i. That study concluded that fog drip under a tree canopy ...
DOI:
10.1002/hyp.7803

51. A 7000-year record of environmental change, including early farming impact, based on lake-sediment geochemistry and pollen data from County Sligo, western Ireland

Author:
Michael O'Connell; Beatrice Ghilardi; Liam Morrison
Source:
Quaternary research 2014 v.81 no.1 pp. 35-49
ISSN:
0033-5894
Subject:
Betula; canopy; climate; data collection; farming systems; geochemistry; pollen; soil erosion; trees; woodlands; Ireland
Abstract:
... Detailed, chronologically tightly constrained, lake-sediment-based geochemical and pollen records have enabled local changes in soil erosion, woodland cover and composition, and prehistoric farming impact to be reconstructed in considerable detail. The profile opens shortly after 7800BC when tall canopy trees were well-established and presumably in equilibrium with their environment. A distinct pe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.yqres.2013.10.004

52. A Backward-Lagrangian-Stochastic Footprint Model for the Urban Environment

Author:
Chenghao Wang; Zhi-Hua Wang; Jiachuan Yang; Qi Li
Source:
Boundary-layer meteorology 2018 v.168 no.1 pp. 59-80
ISSN:
0006-8314
Subject:
algorithms; anthropogenic activities; canopy; cities; landscapes; prediction; roughness; simulation models; statistics; turbulent flow; urban areas; wind
Abstract:
... Built terrains, with their complexity in morphology, high heterogeneity, and anthropogenic impact, impose substantial challenges in Earth-system modelling. In particular, estimation of the source areas and footprints of atmospheric measurements in cities requires realistic representation of the landscape characteristics and flow physics in urban areas, but has hitherto been heavily reliant on larg ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10546-018-0338-6

53. A Bayesian framework for joint structure and colour based pixel-wise classification of grapevine proximal images

Author:
F. Abdelghafour; R. Rosu; B. Keresztes; C. Germain; J.P. Da Costa
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2019 v.158 pp. 345-357
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Vitis; agronomic traits; canopy; color; image analysis; models; monitoring; normal distribution; phenology; precision agriculture; small fruits; texture; viticulture
Abstract:
... Estimating the spatial variability of basic agronomic parameters at the scale of the plant is of prime importance for the development and monitoring of Precision Agriculture applications. It is all the more crucial in viticulture where intra-plot variabilities are exacerbated. This paper focuses on the description of the structure of the canopy at the plant scale by proximal imaging. A new framewo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2019.02.017

54. A Biologically Active Analog of the Sex Pheromone of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis

Author:
P. J. Silk; K. Ryall; P. Mayo; D. I. MaGee; G. Leclair; J. Fidgen; R. Lavallee; J. Price; J. McConaghy
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2015 v.41 no.3 pp. 294-302
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus; adults; antennae; bioassays; canopy; esterification; invasive species; isomers; lactones; leaves; males; mating disruption; models; mortality; oxidation; sex pheromones; surveys; trapping; traps; trees
Abstract:
... The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (EAB), is an invasive species causing unprecedented levels of mortality to ash trees in its introduced range. The female-produced sex pheromone of EAB has been shown to contain the macrocyclic lactone (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide. This compound and its geometrical isomer, (3E)-dodecen-12-olide, have been demonstrated previously to be EA ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-015-0562-1

55. A Bite is a Bite is a Bite? Constraints on Response to Folivory in Piper Arieianum (Piperaceae)

Author:
Robert J. Marquis
Source:
Ecology 1992 v.73 no.1 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Piper; branches; canopy; flowering; forests; fruit growing; herbivores; inflorescences; leaf area; leaves; phenology; plant damage; pollinators; reproduction; seed treatment; seeds; shrubs; understory; woody plants; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Because resource movement is restricted within and among branches of woody plants, different patterns of folivory are likely to differentially affect plant fitness. I examined experimentally the effects of folivory pattern on growth and seed output in the understory tropical wet forest shrub Piper arieianum (Piperaceae) in Costa Rica. I removed 10% of a plant's leaf area in two constrating manners ...
DOI:
10.2307/1938727

56. A Bowen Ratio Technique for Partitioning Energy Fluxes between Maize Transpiration and Soil Surface Evaporation

Author:
Adel T. Zeggaf; Shinichi Takeuchi; Hossein Dehghanisanij; Hisao Anyoji; Tomohisa Yano
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.4 pp. 988-996
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; evapotranspiration; canopy; correlation; soil water content; simulation models; accuracy; corn; transpiration; lysimeters; field experimentation; heat transfer; energy transfer; Japan
Abstract:
... A field experiment was conducted in 2005 at the experimental station of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan, for comparing latent heat fluxes from a maize (Zea mays L.) field, maize transpiration, and soil surface evaporation by two different methods. The Bowen ratio energy balance method (Method 1) was used to measure latent heat fluxes above the maize canopy as well as betwe ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0201

57. A CFD analysis on improving lettuce canopy airflow distribution in a plant factory considering the crop resistance and LEDs heat dissipation

Author:
Hui Fang; Kun Li; Gang Wu; Ruifeng Cheng; Yi Zhang; Qichang Yang
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2020 v.200 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
air; air flow; canopy; drag coefficient; energy; heat transfer; leaves; lettuce; momentum; permeability; porous media; simulation models; transpiration; ventilation systems
Abstract:
... In a plant factory, improper design of the indoor ventilation system may cause tip burn on lettuce plants due to the existence of stagnant air in the leaf boundary layer and low transpiration rates. In this study, three types of air ducts with different pore numbers and diameters were designed to generate a constant horizontal airflow on the surface of plant canopy. A three-dimensional computation ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.08.017

58. A CFD study on improving air flow uniformity in indoor plant factory system

Author:
Ying Zhang; Murat Kacira; Lingling An
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2016 v.147 pp. 193-205
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
air; air flow; canopy; climate; convection; crop production; factories; food crops; food production; growers; leaves; lettuce; models; transpiration; ventilation systems
Abstract:
... Indoor plant factories are one of the alternative ways to meet the demands of food production for the increased urban dwellers. It enables growers to grow food crops consistently and locally with high quality. In an indoor plant factory, a forced convection based ventilation and circulation system is used to control the growing environment and maintain climate uniformity. Lettuce is a common leafy ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.04.012

59. A CNN-based approach for the estimation of canopy heights and wood volume from GEDI waveforms

Author:
Ibrahim Fayad; Dino Ienco; Nicolas Baghdadi; Raffaele Gaetano; Clayton Alcarde Alvares; Jose Luiz Stape; Henrique Ferraço Scolforo; Guerric Le Maire
Source:
Remote sensing of environment 2021 v.265 pp. 112652
ISSN:
0034-4257
Subject:
Eucalyptus; allometry; canopy; ecosystems; environment; forests; lidar; neural networks; trees; wood volume; Brazil
Abstract:
... Full waveform (FW) LiDAR systems have proven their effectiveness to map forest biophysical variables in the last two decades, owing to their ability of measuring, with high accuracy, forest vertical structures. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) system on board the International Space Station (ISS) is the latest FW spaceborne LiDAR instrument for the continuous observation of Earth ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rse.2021.112652

60. A CSR classification of tree life history strategies and implications for ice storm damage

Author:
Carissa L. Wonkka; Charles W. Lafon; Craig M. Hutton; Audrey J. Joslin
Source:
Oikos 2013 v.122 no.2 pp. 209-222
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
canopy; classification; forests; ice; ice damage; life history; longevity; models; mortality; prioritization; reproduction; storms; tree damage; trees; wood strength; Appalachian region
Abstract:
... Differences in life history strategy influence the ecological roles of plant species, including their susceptibility to disturbance events. According to Grime's CSR model, plants exhibit three primary strategies, which reflect tradeoffs between stress and disturbance. Here we classify eastern North American tree species into life history strategies on the basis of the CSR model. Then, using data o ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20346.x

61. A Canopy Architectural Model to Study the Competitive Ability of Chickpea with Sowthistle

Author:
Cici, S. Zahra-Hosseini; Adkins, Steve; Hanan, Jim
Source:
Annals of botany 2008 v.101 no.9 pp. 1311-1318
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Cicer arietinum; Sonchus oleraceus; canopy; chickpeas; cultivars; greenhouse experimentation; growth and development; models; plant architecture; plant competition; plant development; plant response; weed control
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Improving the competitive ability of crops is a sustainable method of weed management. This paper shows how a virtual plant model of competition between chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) can be used as a framework for discovering and/or developing more competitive chickpea cultivars. METHODS: The virtual plant models were developed using the L-syste ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcn040
PubMed:
18375962
PubMed Central:
PMC2710251

62. A Canopy Shift in Interior Alaskan Boreal Forests: Consequences for Above- and Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen Pools during Post-fire Succession

Author:
Heather D. Alexander; Michelle C. Mack
Source:
Ecosystems 2016 v.19 no.1 pp. 98-114
ISSN:
1432-9840
Subject:
Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica; Picea mariana; Populus tremuloides; boreal forests; canopy; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate; emissions; fire severity; flammability; fungi; global warming; latitude; longevity; models; mosses and liverworts; nitrogen; organic horizons; primary productivity; reforestation; stemwood; trees; Alaska
Abstract:
... Global change models predict that high-latitude boreal forests will become increasingly susceptible to fire activity as climate warms, possibly causing a positive feedback to warming through fire-driven emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. However, fire-climate feedbacks depend on forest regrowth and carbon (C) accumulation over the post-fire successional interval, which is influenced by nitrogen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10021-015-9920-7

63. A Canopy Transpiration Model Based on Scaling Up Stomatal Conductance and Radiation Interception as Affected by Leaf Area Index

Author:
Muhammad Shahinur Alam; David William Lamb; Nigel W. M. Warwick
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; canopy; energy; evapotranspiration; leaf area index; leaves; model validation; models; pastures; photosynthetically active radiation; stomatal conductance; water
Abstract:
... Estimating transpiration as an individual component of canopy evapotranspiration using a theoretical approach is extremely useful as it eliminates the complexity involved in partitioning evapotranspiration. A model to predict transpiration based on radiation intercepted at various levels of canopy leaf area index (LAI) was developed in a controlled environment using a pasture species, tall fescue ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030252

64. A Carica papaya L. genotype with low leaf chlorophyll concentration copes successfully with soil water stress in the field

Author:
Katherine Fraga Ruas; Danilo Força Baroni; Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues de Souza; Wallace de Paula Bernado; Jessica Sousa Paixão; Gessica Monteiro dos Santos; José Altino Machado Filho; Deivisson Pellegrino de Abreu; Elias Fernandes de Sousa; Miroslava Rakocevic; Weverton Pereira Rodrigues; Eliemar Campostrini
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2022 v.293 pp. 110722
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
Carica papaya; canopy; chlorophyll; drought; drought tolerance; fluorescence; fruits; genotype; irrigation; leaf area; leaves; photochemistry; plant height; sap flow; sediments; soil types; soil water; soil water deficit; temperature; water stress; water use efficiency; xylem
Abstract:
... In the context of increasing drought frequencies, water sensitive plant species need to have defined irrigation thresholds. One such species is papaya (Carica papaya L.), with a current demand for the selection of drought tolerance genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, leaf gas exchanges, sap flow and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in two papaya genotypes (pale-green leaf ‘G ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110722

65. A Case Study Balancing Predetermined Targets and Real-World Constraints to Guide Optimum Urban Tree Canopy Cover for Perth, Western Australia

Author:
Jackie Parker; Greg D. Simpson
Source:
Forests 2020 v.11 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
canopy; carbon; case studies; cities; economic factors; fauna; financial economics; flow; forests; green infrastructure; habitats; land; managers; planning; pollutants; stormwater; temperature; trees; urban areas; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Trees in urban settings are becoming increasingly important as mediators to emerging challenges that transect social, environmental, and economic factors. Trees provide shade; absorb and store atmospheric carbon and other pollutants; reduce local temperature fluctuations; provide essential inner-city fauna habitat; assist in reducing over-land stormwater flow; provide amenity; and provide many mor ...
DOI:
10.3390/f11111128

66. A Case Study of Environmental Benefits of Sensor-Based Nitrogen Application in Corn

Author:
Ao Li; Benjamin D. Duval; Robert Anex; Peter Scharf; Jenette M. Ashtekar; Phillip R. Owens; Charles Ellis
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2016 v.45 no.2 pp. 675-683
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
acidification; ammonia; canopy; case studies; corn; ecosystem services; energy; environmental impact; eutrophication; fertilizer rates; global warming potential; grain yield; greenhouse gas emissions; leaching; life cycle assessment; models; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrous oxide; nonrenewable resources; nutrient use efficiency; prediction; reflectance; soil properties; soil sampling; total nitrogen; volatilization; Missouri
Abstract:
... Crop canopy reflectance sensors make it possible to estimate crop N demand and apply appropriate N fertilizer rates at different locations in a field, reducing fertilizer input and associated environmental impacts while maintaining crop yield. Environmental benefits, however, have not been quantified previously. The objective of this study was to estimate the environmental impact of sensor-based N ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.07.0404

67. A Case Study of a Decision Support System on Mango Fruit Maturity

Author:
K. B. Walsh; P. Subedi; P. Tijskens
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 no.1091 pp. 195-204
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
canopy; case studies; color; crops; decision support systems; environmental factors; fruit maturity; mangoes; pollination; regression analysis; spectroscopy; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Mango fruit maturity can be difficult to determine from external attributes. Assessment of parameters of fruit on tree (dry matter, internal flesh colour) relevant to estimation of fruit maturity was undertaken with a handheld (near infrared spectroscopic) system. Measurement error on dry matter was low (typical RMSEP 0.6% DM). Repeated measurements on the same individual fruit from 78 different b ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1091.24

68. A Classification of US Wildland Firefighter Entrapments Based on Coincident Fuels, Weather, and Topography

Author:
Wesley G. Page; Patrick H. Freeborn; Bret W. Butler; W. Matt Jolly
Source:
Fire 2019 v.2 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2571-6255
Subject:
canopy; death; environmental factors; fire fighters; fire hazard; fuels (fire ecology); human behavior; landscapes; topography; weather; wildland; United States
Abstract:
... Previous attempts to identify the environmental factors associated with firefighter entrapments in the United States have suggested that there are several common denominators. Despite the widespread acceptance of the assumed commonalities, few studies have quantified how often entrapments actually meet these criteria. An analysis of the environmental conditions at the times and locations of 166 fi ...
DOI:
10.3390/fire2040052

69. A Climate Change Scenario for Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes from a Temperate Forest Soil Drought and Rewetting Effects

Author:
W. Borken; Y.-J. Xu; R. Brumme; N. Lamersdorf
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1999 v.63 no.6 pp. 1848-1855
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Picea abies; canopy; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; climate change; dissolved organic carbon; drought; forest ecosystems; forest soils; greenhouse gas emissions; leaching; rain; rhizosphere; soil matric potential; soil respiration; soil temperature; soil water; summer; temperate forests; temperate soils; Germany
Abstract:
... Our objective was to assess the effect of changes in rainfall amount and distribution on CO₂ emissions and dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching. We manipulated soil moisture, using a roof constructed below the canopy of a 65-yr-old Norway spruce plantation [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] at Solling, Germany. We simulated two scenarios: a prolonged summer drought of 172 d followed by a rewetting period of ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1999.6361848x

70. A Comparative Study of RGB and Multispectral Sensor-Based Cotton Canopy Cover Modelling Using Multi-Temporal UAS Data

Author:
Akash Ashapure; Jinha Jung; Anjin Chang; Sungchan Oh; Murilo Maeda; Juan Landivar
Source:
Remote Sensing 2019 v.11 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
Gossypium; canopy; color; comparative study; cotton; data collection; field experimentation; growing season; leaves; models; normalized difference vegetation index; remote sensing; unmanned aerial vehicles
Abstract:
... This study presents a comparative study of multispectral and RGB (red, green, and blue) sensor-based cotton canopy cover modelling using multi-temporal unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) imagery. Additionally, a canopy cover model using an RGB sensor is proposed that combines an RGB-based vegetation index with morphological closing. The field experiment was established in 2017 and 2018, where the who ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs11232757

71. A Comparison of 14C-Labeled Photosynthate Export from Two Leaf Positions in a Corn (Zea mays L.) Canopy

Author:
P. C. Tripathy; John A. Eastin; L. E. Schrader
Source:
Crop science 1972 v.12 no.4 pp. 495-497
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; canopy; corn; ears; exports; leaves; seeds; starch
Abstract:
... The time course and direction of ¹⁴C-labeled photosynthate export from upper and lower leaf positions in a corn (Zea mays L.) canopy were compared at five different stages from silking to kernel maturity. Export of ¹⁴C-assimilates was slower from the lower than from the upper position. Some of the difference was due to more accumulation of ¹⁴C in leaf starch at the lower position. The direction of ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1972.0011183X001200040032x

72. A Comparison of ALS and Dense Photogrammetric Point Clouds for Individual Tree Detection in Radiata Pine Plantations

Author:
Irfan A. Iqbal; Jon Osborn; Christine Stone; Arko Lucieer
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.17 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
Pinus radiata; aerial photogrammetry; canopy; canopy height; cost effectiveness; data collection; forest inventory; stand structure; trees
Abstract:
... Digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) has emerged as a potentially cost-effective alternative to airborne laser scanning (ALS) for forest inventory methods that employ point cloud data. Forest inventory derived from DAP using area-based methods has been shown to achieve accuracy similar to that of ALS data. At the tree level, individual tree detection (ITD) algorithms have been developed to detect a ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13173536

73. A Comparison of Diurnal Resting Sites Used by Sylvilagus audubonii and Lepus californicus in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author:
Robert L. Harrison
Source:
Western North American naturalist 2019 v.79 no.2 pp. 170-184
ISSN:
1527-0904
Subject:
Larrea tridentata; Lepus californicus; Sylvilagus; asymmetry; body size; brain; burrows; canopy; heat; open space; physiology; predators; shrubs; solar radiation; sympatry; temperature; Chihuahuan Desert; Mexico; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Sylvilagus audubonii (desert cottontail) and Lepus californicus (black-tailed jackrabbit) occur in sympatry in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. During the daytime, both species occupy shallow excavations under shrubs known as forms. Comparisons of form and shrub characteristics between the 2 species can provide insights into connections between body size, physiology, and behavio ...
DOI:
10.3398/064.079.0204

74. A Comparison of Ground-Based Air-Blast Sprayer and Aircraft Application of Fungicides to Manage Scab in Tall Pecan Trees

Author:
Clive H. Bock; Michael W. Hotchkiss
Source:
Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.6 pp. 1675-1684
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
aerial application; air-assisted sprayers; aircraft; canopy; cultivars; fungicides; orchards; pecan scab; pecans; pesticide application; seeds; spray deposition; tree growth; trees; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Pecan scab (caused by Venturia effusa) is a destructive disease of pecan in the southeastern United States. Susceptible cultivars must be sprayed with fungicide every 10 to 21 days to ensure yield and kernel quality. Fungicide is most often applied using large orchard air-blast sprayers. Pecan trees grow tall, and air-blast sprays result in a gradient in spray deposition and consequently of scab. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2345-RE

75. A Comparison of Immediate and Short-Term Defensive Responses to Phytophthora Species Infection in Both Susceptible and Resistant Walnut Rootstocks

Author:
Laureano Alvarado; Sebastián Saa; Italo F. Cuneo; Romina Pedreschi; Javiera Morales; Alejandra Larach; Wilson Barros; Jeannette Guajardo; Ximena Besoain
Source:
Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 921-929
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Juglans regia; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Phytophthora citrophthora; canopy; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; fungal diseases of plants; grafting (plants); growth and development; industry; orchards; phenols; plant pathogenic fungi; root growth; roots; rootstocks; sugars; walnuts
Abstract:
... Clonal rootstocks are one alternative used by the walnut industry to control damage caused by Phytophthora species, traditionally using plants grafted on susceptible Juglans regia rootstock. Vlach, VX211, and RX1 are clonal rootstocks with a degree of resistance to Phytophthora species. The resistance to pathogens in these rootstocks depends on the resistance mechanisms activated by the presence o ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0455-RE

76. A Comparison of Individual Tree and Forest Plot Height Derived from Lidar and InSAR

Author:
Shengli Huang; Stacey A. Hager; Kerry Q. Halligan; Ian S. Fairweather; Alan K. Swanson; Robert L. Crabtree
Source:
Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing 2009 v.75 no.2 pp. 159-167
ISSN:
0099-1112
Subject:
canopy; data collection; digital elevation models; forest trees; forests; lidar; synthetic aperture radar
Abstract:
...

To compare the capability and the accuracy of Light Detection And Ranging (lidar) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (INSAR) for the detection and measurement of individual tree heights and forest plot heights, one lidar dataset with nominal spacing of 3 m and one short-wavelength Ku-band INSAR with comparable ground resolution of 3 m were studied. Vegetation heights were based on ...

DOI:
10.14358/PERS.75.2.159

77. A Comparison of Logging Systems and Bat Diversity in the Neotropics

Author:
F. M. CLARKE; D. V. PIO; P. A. RACEY
Source:
Conservation biology 2005 v.19 no.4 pp. 1194-1204
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Chiroptera; canopy; felling; food recovery; forest habitats; forest reserves; frugivores; species diversity; traps; tropical forests; tropics; Trinidad and Tobago
Abstract:
... Evaluating logging systems to determine which are most compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity is of prime importance if tropical forests are to be managed in a sustainable way. Bats are model taxa for this purpose. Two different logging systems are used in the natural forest of the Victoria‐Mayaro Forest Reserve in Trinidad: open range and periodic block. Open range is a continuous harves ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00086.x-i1

78. A Comparison of Moment-Independent and Variance-Based Global Sensitivity Analysis Approaches for Wheat Yield Estimation with the Aquacrop-OS Model

Author:
Deepak Upreti; Stefano Pignatti; Simone Pascucci; Massimo Tolomio; Zhenhai Li; Wenjiang Huang; Raffaele Casa
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Food and Agriculture Organization; biomass; canopy; climate; grain yield; models; normal distribution; phenology; screening; temperature; water stress; wheat; China; Italy
Abstract:
... The present work reports the global sensitivity analysis of the Aquacrop Open Source (AOS) model, which is the open-source version of the original Aquacrop model developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Analysis for identifying the most influential parameters was based on different strategies of global SA, density-based and variance-based, for the wheat crop in two different geogr ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10040607

79. A Comparison of Photo and Ground Measurements of Canopy Density

Author:
G. M. Bonnor
Source:
Forestry chronicle 1968 v.44 no.3 pp. 12-16
ISSN:
0015-7546
Subject:
aerial photography; canopy; confidence interval; hardwood; hardwood forests; softwood
Abstract:
... Comparisons were made of photo and ground estimates of canopy density in 18 softwood stands and 18 hardwood stands. Ground measurements were made with an instrument called the moosehorn; photo measurements were made on aerial photographs at a scale of 1:15,840. Results for both softwoods and hardwoods indicated that photo estimates are approximately 10 percent less than ground estimates. The width ...
DOI:
10.5558/tfc44012-3

80. A Comparison of Plant Temperatures as Measured by Thermal Imaging and Infrared Thermometry

Author:
H. Hackl; J. P. Baresel; B. Mistele; Y. Hu; U. Schmidhalter
Source:
Journal of agronomy and crop science 2012 v.198 no.6 pp. 415-429
ISSN:
0931-2250
Subject:
canopy; crops; drought; image analysis; indicator species; leaf water potential; leaves; plant stress; salt tolerance; salts; soil; thermography
Abstract:
... The temperature of leaves and canopies of plants has long been recognised to be an indicator of plant water stress and can be assessed by thermometry or thermography. Considerable research has been carried out with each of these techniques individually; however, a comparable assessment has not been done to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we compared the potential of high‐resolution thermogra ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-037X.2012.00512.x

81. A Comparison of Questing Substrates and Environmental Factors That Influence Nymphal Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) Abundance and Seasonality in the Sierra Nevada Foothills of California

Author:
Gregory M. Hacker; Bryan T. Jackson; Michael Niemela; Elizabeth S. Andrews; Mary E. Danforth; Mary Joyce Pakingan; Mark G. Novak
Source:
Journal of medical entomology 2021 v.58 no.4 pp. 1880-1890
ISSN:
0022-2585
Subject:
Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes pacificus; Lyme disease; canopy; etiological agents; habitats; hills; medical entomology; mountains; plant litter; relative humidity; temperature; trees; vapor pressure deficit; California
Abstract:
... In California, the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, is the principal vector of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) complex (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae, Johnson et al.), which includes the causative agent of Lyme disease (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto). Ixodes pacificus nymphs were sampled from 2015 to 2017 at one Sierra Nevada foothill site to evaluate our effi ...
DOI:
10.1093/jme/tjab037

82. A Comparison of Satellite-Derived Vegetation Indices for Approximating Gross Primary Productivity of Grasslands

Author:
Yu Zhou; Li Zhang; Jingfeng Xiao; Shiping Chen; Tomomichi Kato; Guangsheng Zhou
Source:
Rangeland ecology & management 2014 v.67 no.1 pp. 9-18
ISSN:
1550-7424
Subject:
alpine meadows; biosphere; canopy; carbon; drought; ecosystems; eddy covariance; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; normalized difference vegetation index; primary productivity; spring; summer; vegetation cover
Abstract:
... Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a key component of ecosystem carbon fluxes and the carbon balance between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of GPP is essential for quantifying plant production and carbon balance for grasslands. Satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) are often used to approximate GPP. The widely used VIs include atmospherically resistant vegetation index ...
DOI:
10.2111/REM-D-13-00059.1

83. A Comparison of Seed Predation, Seed Dispersal, and Seedling Herbivory in Oak and Hickory: Species with Contrasting Regenerating Abilities in a Bluegrass Savanna—Woodland Habitat

Author:
Sara E. Cilles; Garnett Coy; Christopher R. Stieha; John J. Cox; Philip H. Crowley; David S. Maehr
Source:
Northeastern naturalist 2016 v.23 no.4 pp. 466-481
ISSN:
1092-6194
Subject:
Carya; Quercus muehlenbergii; adulthood; browsing; canopy; forests; fruits; habitats; herbivores; savannas; seed dispersal; seed predation; seedlings; trees; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Quercus (oak) regeneration failure threatens many forest and savanna communities worldwide, where preservation of vegetation structure and composition depends on acorns germinating and surviving into adulthood. However, predation on the acorns and browsing of seedlings limits oak regeneration. To better understand the effects of these 2 mechanisms on oak recruitment in the endangered Bluegrass sav ...
DOI:
10.1656/045.023.0404

84. A Comparison of Two Herbaceous Cover Sampling Methods to Assess Ecosystem Services in High-Shrub Rangelands: Photography-Based Grid Point Intercept (GPI) Versus Quadrat Sampling

Author:
Kristin B. Hulvey; Katherine Thomas; Eric Thacker
Source:
Rangelands 2018 v.40 no.5 pp. 152-159
ISSN:
0190-0528
Subject:
Centrocercus urophasianus; biodiversity; canopy; ecosystem services; habitats; photographs; rangelands; sampling; shrubs
Abstract:
... We used photography-based grid point intercept (GPI) analysis and Daubenmire to assess ecosystem services in high-shrub rangelands. Cover estimates were higher for some functional groups when using Daubenmire, likely because Daubenmire frames were situated below the shrub canopy and thus included subcanopy cover, whereas GPI photographs taken above the canopy could not eliminate shrubs that obscur ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rala.2018.08.004

85. A Comparison of the Performances of Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Forest Plot Canopy Cover Estimation in Pinus massoniana Forests

Author:
Wenxia Dai; Qingfeng Guan; Shangshu Cai; Rundong Liu; Ruibo Chen; Qing Liu; Chao Chen; Zhen Dong
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
Pinus massoniana; canopy; canopy height; forest management; forests; inventories; meta-analysis; models; China
Abstract:
... Canopy cover is an important indicator and commonly used in forest management applications. Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV)—Borne Laser Scanning (ULS) has drawn increasing attention as a new alternative source for forest field inventory due to its spatial resolution comparable to that of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). In this study, the performance of plot canopy cover estimations from ULS and TL ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14051188

86. A Comparison of the Structure, Primary Productivity, and Transpiration of Cypress Ecosystems in Florida

Author:
Sandra Brown
Source:
Ecological monographs 1981 v.51 no.4 pp. 403-427
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
aboveground biomass; biomass production; canopy; cell respiration; chlorophyll; ecosystems; evaporation; floodplains; forests; functional properties; gross primary productivity; leaf area index; leaf morphology; leaves; net primary productivity; nutrients; organic matter; phosphorus; photosynthesis; plant litter; sewage effluent; shrublands; surface water; total phosphorus; transpiration; tree growth; trees; water stress; wetlands; wood; Florida
Abstract:
... To investigate how inputs of water and nutrients influence the structural and functional characteristics of cypress wetlands, primary productivity, respiration, transpiration, tree growth, biomass, basal area, stem density, standing stocks of phosphorus, and litterfall were measured in several kinds of Florida cypress ecosystems subjected to varying inflows of water and nutrients. A scrub cypress ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937322

87. A Complete Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Above and Belowground Biomass Components of a Hybrid Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern Brazil

Author:
Márcio Viera; Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus urophylla; bark; belowground biomass; branches; canopy; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; clones; ecosystem services; fine roots; hybrids; indigenous species; inventories; leaves; plantations; soil; soil carbon; trees; understory; wood; Brazil
Abstract:
... Hybrid eucalypt clones are grown for fiber production worldwide and to provide an ecosystem service that can store atmospheric carbon at a very fast rate. This study assessed the carbon stocks in the soil and various tree fractions in a 10-year-old plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Southern Brazil. Four experimental plots were established, and an ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10070536

88. A Comprehensive Review of Low Impact Development Models for Research, Conceptual, Preliminary and Detailed Design Applications

Author:
Sahereh Kaykhosravi; Usman T. Khan; Amaneh Jadidi
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
canopy; data visualization; hydrologic models; runoff; snowmelt; spatial data; trees; vegetation; watersheds
Abstract:
... This review compares and evaluates eleven Low Impact Development (LID) models on the basis of: (i) general model features including the model application, the temporal resolution, the spatial data visualization, the method of placing LID within catchments; (ii) hydrological modelling aspects including: the type of inbuilt LIDs, water balance model, runoff generation and infiltration; and (iii) hyd ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111541

89. A Comprehensive Thrips Species Assessment for Eco-Consistent Management of Infestations in Mediterranean Citrus Crops

Author:
Gregorio Vono; Carmelo Peter Bonsignore; Rita Marullo
Source:
Horticulturae 2022 v.8 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2311-7524
Subject:
Citrus; Frankliniella occidentalis; canopy; flora; lemons; statistical analysis; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Insects belonging to the Thysanoptera order are an important group of insect pests that require phytosanitary interventions for the protection of citrus crops. This study provides a general and complete overview on the thrips pest species present in citrus orchards in the main countries of the Mediterranean basin. For most species, the distribution areas, host plants, and IPM control methods are p ...
DOI:
10.3390/horticulturae8020137

90. A Conceptual Framework for the Simultaneous Extraction of Sub-pixel Spatial Extent and Spectral Characteristics of Crops

Author:
Ben Somers; Stephanie Delalieux; Willem W. Verstraeten; Pol Coppin
Source:
Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing 2009 v.75 no.1 pp. 57-68
ISSN:
0099-1112
Subject:
Luvisols; algorithms; canopy; citrus soils; cover crops; data collection; models; monitoring; reflectance; remote sensing; soil water; spectral analysis; trees; vegetation
Abstract:
...

The sub-pixel spectral contribution of background soils and shadows hampers the accurate site-specific monitoring of agricultural crop characteristics from aerial or satellite images. To address this problem, the present study combines measured in situ and hyperspectral data in an alternative unmixing algorithm. The proposed algorithm, referred to as Soil Modeling Mixture Analysis (SMMA), in ...

DOI:
10.14358/PERS.75.1.57

91. A Coupled Model for Simulating Water and Heat Transfer in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum with Crop Growth

Author:
Weicai Yang; Xiaomin Mao; Jian Yang; Mengmeng Ji; Adebayo J. Adeloye
Source:
Water 2018 v.11 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
canopy; deficit irrigation; energy; field experimentation; heat transfer; irrigation rates; leaf area index; models; soil profiles; soil temperature; soil water; soil water storage; soil-plant-atmosphere interactions; winter wheat; China
Abstract:
... Crop growth is influenced by the energy partition and water–heat transfer in the soil and canopy, while crop growth affects the land surface energy distribution and soil water-heat dynamics. In order to simulate the above processes and their interactions, a new model, named CropSPAC, was developed considering both the growth of winter wheat and the water–heat transfer in Soil-Plant-Atm ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11010047

92. A Critical Evaluation on the Role of Aerodynamic and Canopy–Surface Conductance Parameterization in SEB and SVAT Models for Simulating Evapotranspiration: A Case Study in the Upper Biebrza National Park Wetland in Poland

Author:
Kaniska Mallick; Loise Wandera; Nishan Bhattarai; Renaud Hostache; Malgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aerodynamics; canopy; case studies; energy balance; energy flow; evapotranspiration; heat transfer; hydrologic cycle; models; momentum; national parks; photochemistry; roughness length; soil; surface temperature; vegetation cover; water vapor; wetlands; Poland
Abstract:
... Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation through the surface energy balance (SEB) and soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) models are uncertain due to the empirical parameterizations of the aerodynamic and canopy-substrate conductances (gA and gS) for heat and water vapor transfers. This study critically assessed the impact of conductance parameterizations on ET simulation us ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10121753

93. A Crown Width-Diameter Model for Natural Even-Aged Black Pine Forest Management

Author:
Dimitrios Raptis; Vassiliki Kazana; Angelos Kazaklis; Christos Stamatiou
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Pinus nigra; allometry; canopy; coniferous forests; even-aged stands; forest management; nonlinear models; prediction; silvicultural practices; tree and stand measurements; trees; Greece
Abstract:
... Crown size estimations are of vital importance in forest management practice. This paper presents nonlinear models that were developed for crown width prediction of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) natural, pure, even-aged stands in Olympus Mountain, central Greece. Using a number of measured characteristics at tree and plot level from 66 sample plots as independent variables, an attempt was made to ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9100610

94. A D-vine copula quantile regression approach for soil moisture retrieval from dual polarimetric SAR Sentinel-1 over vegetated terrains

Author:
Hoang Hai Nguyen; Seongkeun Cho; Jaehwan Jeong; Minha Choi
Source:
Remote sensing of environment 2021 v.255 pp. 112283
ISSN:
0034-4257
Subject:
canopy; environment; polarimetry; regression analysis; shrublands; soil water; synthetic aperture radar; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Soil moisture retrieval from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) over vegetated terrains requires an isolation of soil and canopy signals from observed backscatter (σ°). This study develops a probabilistic soil moisture retrieval method from dual polarimetric C-band SAR Sentinel-1 (S-1) with uncertainty quantification at distinct vegetation covers (VCs). Both σVV° and σVH° were used to represent ground ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rse.2021.112283

95. A Damage Function for Stem Rust of Perennial Ryegrass Seed Crops

Author:
Pfender, W.
Source:
Phytopathology 2009 v.99 no.5 pp. 498-505
ISSN:
0031-949X
Subject:
rust diseases; estimation; correlation; canopy; seed crop production; pesticide application; equations; Lolium perenne; phenology; models; Puccinia graminis; disease control; disease severity; regression analysis; propiconazole; turf grasses; seed productivity; disease course; United States
Abstract:
... Observations of naturally occurring stem rust epidemics and seed yields in perennial ryegrass were taken in 19 field experiments conducted over the course of 9 years. Epidemic severity differed among years and also among experimental treatments (fungicide regimes) within years. In each experiment, attainable yield was represented by the nondiseased treatment, and yields of other treatments were ex ...
Handle:
10113/29255
DOI:
10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0498
PubMed:
19351245

96. A Decision-Support Tool to Predict Spray Deposition of Insecticides in Commercial Potato Fields and Its Implications for their Performance

Author:
Nansen, Christian; Vaughn, Kathy; Xue, Yingen; Rush, Charlie; Workneh, Fekede; Goolsby, John; Troxclair, Noel; Anciso, Juan; Gregory, Ashley; Holman, Daniel; Hammond, Abby; Mirkov, Erik; Tantravahi, Pratyusha; Martini, Xavier
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2011 v.104 no.4 pp. 1138-1145
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
insecticides; potatoes; integrated pest management; adults; risk; abamectin; Bactericera cockerelli; ambient temperature; spray deposition; Triozidae; production costs; pests; spraying; mortality; aerial application; decision support systems; canopy; pesticide application; wind speed
Abstract:
... Approximately US$1.3 billion is spent each year on insecticide applications in major row crops. Despite this significant economic importance, there are currently no widely established decision-support tools available to assess suitability of spray application conditions or of the predicted quality or performance of a given commercial insecticide applications. We conducted a field study, involving ...
DOI:
10.1603/EC10452
PubMed:
21882675

97. A Density Management Diagram Including Stand Stability and Crown Fire Risk for Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco in Spain

Author:
Carlos López-Sánchez; Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro
Source:
Mountain research and development 2009 v.29 no.2 pp. 169-176
ISSN:
0276-4741
Subject:
Pseudotsuga menziesii; aboveground biomass; bulk density; canopy; equations; forests; research and development; risk; snow; stand density; statistical analysis; timber production; wind; Spain
Abstract:
... A static stand density management diagram was constructed for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in Spain on the basis of 3 equations that were fitted simultaneously by the full information maximum likelihood procedure to data derived from 172 plots measured across the Cantabrian and pre-Pyrenean ranges. The first equation relates quadratic mean diameter to the number o ...
DOI:
10.1659/mrd.1070

98. A Device for Collecting Thrips¹ from Medium- and Tall-Sized Trees

Author:
David Alarcón-Utrera; Daniel López-Lima; Damaris Desgarennes; Carlos R. Cerdán-Cabrera; Gerardo Alvarado-Castillo; Gloria Carrión
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 129-136
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Persea americana; Thysanoptera; avocados; canopy; collectors; control methods; monitoring; orchards; pest management; risk; spraying; trees
Abstract:
... Monitoring is a key activity in management of pests such as phytophagous thrips (Thysanoptera). Sampling thrips on medium and tall trees has been difficult without appropriate tools. The study compared the number of thrips collected and collection time by a new method of top-canopy spraying with an original device that is more efficient and practical versus two other collection methods, beating an ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.045.0114

99. A Distributed Lag Analysis of the Relationship Between Gibberella zeae Inoculum Density on Wheat Spikes and Weather Variables

Author:
Paul, P.A.; Lipps, P.E.; De Wolf, E.; Shaner, G.; Buechley, G.; Adhikari, T.; Ali, S.; Stein, J.; Osborne, L.; Madden, L.V.
Source:
Phytopathology 2007 v.97 no.12 pp. 1608-1624
ISSN:
0031-949X
Subject:
inflorescences; flowering; inoculum density; wheat; Fusarium graminearum; estimation; Triticum aestivum; scab diseases; simulation models; sampling; relative humidity; air temperature; canopy; sporulation; regression analysis; rain; fungal spores; Ohio; South Dakota; Indiana; North Dakota; Manitoba; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... In an effort to characterize the association between weather variables and inoculum of Gibberella zeae in wheat canopies, spikes were sampled and assayed for pathogen propagules from plots established in Indiana, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Manitoba between 1999 and 2005. Inoculum abundance was quantified as the daily number of colony forming units per spike (CFU/spike). A ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHYTO-97-12-1608
PubMed:
18943722

100. A Diurnal Reflectance Model Using Grass: Surface-Substrate Interaction and Inverse Solution

Author:
Shirazi, M.A.; Reporter, M.
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.5 pp. 1278-1287
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
grasses; diurnal variation; spectral analysis; reflectance; remote sensing; simulation models; canopy; accuracy; model validation; dry matter accumulation; soil; vegetation cover; Oregon
Abstract:
... The accuracy of using remote sensing data from earth orbiting radiometers can be improved by using a model that helps to separate the green-fraction in a canopy reflectance (rho) from thatch and soil background, accounts for their diurnal changes, and inverts to a solution of a biophysical plant property of interest. Previous studies addressed one or more of these needs separately. Because reflect ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0211