U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject term captive animals Remove constraint Subject term: captive animals Subject term brain Remove constraint Subject term: brain
Start Over

Search

32  Search Results

1 - 32 of 32
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Eavesdropping on the brain at sea: development of a surface-mounted system to detect weak electrophysiological signals from wild animals

Author:
Jessica M. Kendall-Bar; Ritika Mukherji; Jordan Nichols; Catherine Lopez; Daniel A. Lozano; Julie K. Pitman; Rachel R. Holser; Roxanne S. Beltran; Matt Schalles; Cara L. Field; Shawn P. Johnson; Alexei L. Vyssotski; Daniel P. Costa; Terrie M. Williams
Source:
Animal biotelemetry 2022 v.10 no.1 pp. 16
ISSN:
2050-3385
Subject:
Mirounga angustirostris; animal behavior; biotelemetry; brain; captive animals; data collection; ecophysiology; electrophysiology; sleep
Abstract:
... Despite rapid advances in sensor development and technological miniaturization, it remains challenging to non-invasively record small-amplitude electrophysiological signals from an animal in its natural environment. Many advances in ecophysiology and biologging have arisen through sleep studies, which rely on detecting small signals over multiple days and minimal disruption of natural animal behav ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40317-022-00287-x

2. Changes in Aggressive Behavior, Cortisol and Brain Monoamines during the Formation of Social Hierarchy in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Author:
Xiuwen Xu; Zonghang Zhang; Haoyu Guo; Jianguang Qin; Xiumei Zhang
Source:
Animals 2020 v.10 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; Sebastes melanops; Sebastes schlegelii; aggression; brain; captive animals; cortisol; dopamine; fish behavior; growth performance; serotonin
Abstract:
... Aggressive interactions can lead to a social hierarchy and influence the responses of animal behavior and physiology. However, our understanding on the changes of fish behavior and physiology during the process of social hierarchical formation is limited. To explore the responses of fish behavior and physiology to social hierarchy, we examined the differences in the growth performance, aggression, ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani10122357

3. Insight to new genes with sex‐biased to bony‐tongued fishes: Differentially expressed genes in adult individuals of Arapaima gigas revealed by RNA‐Seq

Author:
Carlos H. A. Santos; Yuan Lu; Daniel B. Fagundes; Ronald B. Walter; Adalberto L. Val; Vera M. F. Almeida‐Val
Source:
Aquaculture research 2021 v.52 no.11 pp. 5617-5629
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Arapaima gigas; Scleropages formosus; adults; aquaculture; basins; biosynthesis; brain; captive animals; gene expression; gene expression regulation; gene ontology; gonads; indigenous species; reproduction; research; sequence analysis; sexual development; sexual dimorphism; Brazil
Abstract:
... The Arapaima gigas is an endemic fish to the Amazon basin and with great potential for aquaculture, although its reproduction in captivity is limited by the absence of sexual dimorphism. The demand increase for pirarucu in the Northern region of Brazil, has led to new studies on the reproduction of the species. Thus, we aimed to investigate patterns of sex‐biased genes in brain and gonad tissues o ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.15437

4. Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, México

Author:
Luis Fernando Valenzuela-Moreno; Carlos Cedillo-Peláez; Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres; María Alejandra Hernández-Rodríguez; María del Carmen Carmona-Muciño; José Eduardo Farfán-Morales; Dolores Correa; Heriberto Caballero-Ortega
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2020 v.13 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
2213-2244
Subject:
Felidae; Toxoplasma gondii; brain; captive animals; excretion; histopathology; mixed infection; mouflon; oocysts; parasites; parasitology; risk; seroprevalence; toxoplasmosis; Mexico
Abstract:
... The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in zoos is cause of alert because many susceptible species kept in captivity die of clinical toxoplasmosis. Moreover, excretion of T. gondii oocysts by infected captive wild felines into the facilities could pose a risk to workers. Herbivores in wild collections can serve as sentinels of local transmission, since they get infected by the consumption of oocysts pre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.005

5. Can juvenile Baltic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) smell the enemy?

Author:
Maria Cámara Ruiz; Carlos Espírito Santo; Alfons Mai; Jӧrn Gessner; Sven Wuertz
Source:
Journal of applied ichthyology 2019 v.35 no.4 pp. 835-842
ISSN:
0175-8659
Subject:
Acipenser oxyrinchus; Sander lucioperca; brain; captive animals; carp; cognition; cortisol; fish culture; foraging; gene expression; glucose; hatcheries; juveniles; lactic acid; mortality; odors; predation; predators; rearing; smell; sturgeon; tanks
Abstract:
... Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), also known as Baltic sturgeon, is considered extinct in German waters. Fish‐rearing for conservation purposes largely relies on classical hatchery technology focusing on traits like survival and growth in captivity but rarely focusing on subsequent life in the wild, lacking skills such as foraging or anti‐predation behavior. Predation is hence a major fact ...
DOI:
10.1111/jai.13934

6. Male reproductive dysfunction in Solea senegalensis: new insights into an unsolved question

Author:
Marta F. Riesco; David G. Valcarce; Juan Manuel Martínez-Vázquez; Ignacio Martín; Andrés Ángel Calderón-García; Verónica Gonzalez-Nunez; Vanesa Robles
Source:
Reproduction, fertility, and development 2019 v.31 no.6 pp. 1104-1115
ISSN:
1031-3613
Subject:
Danio rerio; Solea senegalensis; Western blotting; brain; captive animals; gene expression; gene expression regulation; innervation; males; methylation; microRNA; neurons; progeny; protein synthesis; sperm quality; spermatogenesis; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; viability; wild fish
Abstract:
... Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a species with a high commercial value that exhibits a reproductive dysfunction in males born and raised in captivity (F1) that hinders their sustainable culture. The present study evaluates the sperm quality and dopaminergic pathway of males born in the wild environment and of F1 males. Traditional sperm analyses were performed, finding only significant dif ...
DOI:
10.1071/RD18453

7. The harmful effects of captivity and chronic stress on the well-being of orcas (Orcinus orca)

Author:
Lori Marino; Naomi A. Rose; Ingrid N. Visser; Heather Rally; Hope Ferdowsian; Veronica Slootsky
Source:
Journal of veterinary behavior 2020 v.35 pp. 69-82
ISSN:
1558-7878
Subject:
Orcinus orca; abnormal behavior; adverse effects; aquariums; biogeography; brain; captive animals; concrete; mammals; morbidity; mortality; parks; physiology; tanks
Abstract:
... Orcas are large, deep-diving cetaceans who are known for their global distribution, wide-ranging behavior, intelligence, and social complexity. They possess one of the largest and most complex brains in the mammalian kingdom. However, they are the third most common species of cetaceans kept in aquariums and marine theme parks. Most spend many years, and sometimes decades, in captivity. At the time ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jveb.2019.05.005

8. Daily rhythms in the reproductive axis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Plasma steroids and gene expression in brain, pituitary, gonad and egg

Author:
Gonzalo de Alba; Natália Michele Nonato Mourad; Juan Fernando Paredes; Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez; José Fernando López-Olmeda
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.507 pp. 313-321
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; acclimation; aquaculture; blood; brain; breeding; captive animals; eggs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; estradiol; females; fish; gene expression; genes; gonads; males; photoperiod; progeny; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; spawning; steroids; tanks; testosterone
Abstract:
... Control of reproduction is one of the key issues to extend tilapia aquaculture. In most fish species, reproduction is a rhythmic process which ensures that reproduction timing matches the most favorable environmental conditions to maximize the survival of offspring. Although the existence of daily spawning rhythms has been reported for a number of fish species, the daily rhythms in neuroendocrine ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.04.047

9. Detecting fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in wild bird tissues and feathers

Author:
Sophia E. Whitlock; M. Glória Pereira; Julie Lane; Darren Sleep; Richard F. Shore; Kathryn E. Arnold
Source:
Environment international 2019 v.126 pp. 193-201
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
Sturnus vulgaris; body weight; brain; captive animals; drugs; feathers; humans; kidneys; liver; lungs; risk; tail; tissues; wild birds; wildlife
Abstract:
... The contamination of the environment with human pharmaceuticals is widespread and demand for such products is mounting globally. Wild vertebrates may be at particular risk from any effects from pharmaceuticals, because of the evolutionary conservation of drug targets. However, exposure of wildlife to pharmaceuticals is poorly characterised, partly due to challenges associated with detecting rapidl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.083

10. The sbGnRH–GTH system in the female short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851), during breeding season: implications for low gamete production in captive broodstock

Author:
Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Niwat Kangwanrangsan; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Masafumi Amano; Akio Shimizu; F. Gerald Plumley; Sasipong Tipdomrongpong
Source:
Fish physiology and biochemistry 2019 v.45 no.1 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
0920-1742
Subject:
Rastrelliger; Sparidae; brain; breeding season; breeding stock; captive animals; females; follicle-stimulating hormone; gametogenesis; germ cells; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; hatcheries; luteinizing hormone; mackerel; mariculture; messenger RNA; neurosecretory system; reproductive system; wild fish; Thailand
Abstract:
... The short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) is one of the most economically important fish in Thailand; it is also a prime candidate for mariculture but unfortunately is plagued by reproductive problems that cause low production of gametes in captivity. An understanding of how the brain, pituitary, and gonad axis (BPG) from the neuroendocrine system are involved in the reproductive activity of wi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10695-018-0509-x

11. Observation of tool use in striped skunks: how community science and social media help document rare natural phenomena

Author:
Mario B. Pesendorfer; Suzanne Dickerson; Jerry W. Dragoo
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.11 pp. e02484
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Mephitis mephitis; brain; cameras; captive animals; carnivores; foraging; natural history; photographs; skunks; social networks
Abstract:
... Tool use, the manipulation of one object to change the state of another, is found in <1% of animal taxa and most often observed in captivity. Here, we report the observation of tentative tool use in a wild striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), captured by a trail camera in the front yard of a hobby naturalist who shared the photographs on social media. The skunk is shown manipulating a rock in a mann ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2484

12. Silent porpoise: potential sleeping behaviour identified in wild harbour porpoises

Author:
Andrew J. Wright; Tomonari Akamatsu; Kim N. Mouritsen; Signe Sveegaard; Rune Dietz; Jonas Teilmann
Source:
Animal behaviour 2017 v.133 pp. 211-222
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Phocoena phocoena; anthropogenic activities; bioacoustics; brain; breathing; bycatch; captive animals; data collection; echolocation; microprocessors; monitoring; rolls; sleep; wild animals
Abstract:
... All animals sleep and it is essential for maintaining optimal brain function. However, cetaceans engage in the unusual practice of unihemispherical sleep, where only half of their brain sleeps at a time, due to their constant need for movement and breathing. Most studies of sleep in cetaceans have occurred in captivity. However, tagging devices have now developed to the point where the data collec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.015

13. A comparison of fat-soluble antioxidants in wild and farm-reared chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar)

Author:
Filiz Karadas; Anders Pape Møller; Mehmet Reşit Karageçili
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.208 pp. 89-94
ISSN:
1095-6433
Subject:
Alectoris chukar; alpha-tocopherol; antioxidants; brain; breasts; captive animals; chicks; coenzyme Q10; diet; egg yolk; eggs; hatcheries; heart; high performance liquid chromatography; kidneys; partridges; tissues; vitamin A; wild birds
Abstract:
... This study assessed differences in antioxidant (carotenoid, retinol, retinol-ester, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) composition of egg yolk and tissue in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) newly hatched from eggs of birds maintained in captivity on commercial maize-soybean based diets and birds from the wild whose diet was obtained from the natural environment. All eggs were incubated in a commercia ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.015

14. Ecotoxicological Biomarkers in Multiple Tissues of the Neotenic Ambystoma spp. for a Non-lethal Monitoring of Contaminant Exposure in Wildlife and Captive Populations

Author:
C. Barriga-Vallejo; C. Aguilera; J. Cruz; J. Banda-Leal; D. Lazcano; R. Mendoza
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2017 v.228 no.11 pp. 415
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
Ambystoma; absorption; acetylcholinesterase; biomarkers; brain; captive animals; carboxylesterase; cholinesterase; climate change; ecotoxicology; environmental quality; extinction; gills; glutathione transferase; habitat destruction; introduced species; liver; models; monitoring; pollution; reactive oxygen species; salamanders and newts; superoxide dismutase; tail; tissues; wildlife
Abstract:
... Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group with a third of currently known species endangered with extinction, as a result of climate change, habitat loss, disease-introduced exotic species, and pollution. Because of their vulnerability, they have often been used as environmental quality indicators, as well as laboratory models for toxicological research. Given the sensitivity of amphibia ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-017-3590-3

15. Reproduction, larviculture and early development of the Bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli, an emerging model organism for studies in evolutionary developmental biology and sexual plasticity

Author:
Sophie Archambeault; Eric Ng; Lyle Rapp; David Cerino; Bradford Bourque; Tessa Solomon‐Lane; Matthew S Grober; Andrew Rhyne; Karen Crow
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.6 pp. 1899-1916
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Copepoda; Danio rerio; Isochrysis galbana; Lythrypnus; adults; brain; captive animals; early development; embryogenesis; fish larvae; larval development; microalgae; neuromasts; pigmentation; rearing; reproduction; sex reversal; sexual maturity; tanks
Abstract:
... The Bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli, is a popular ornamental aquarium species and a key organism for the study of several fundamental biological questions, most notably reversible sex change in adults. To maximize the tractability of this species as an emerging model system, it is essential to have an optimized propagation system and a detailed developmental staging scheme. One limitation to the ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12648

16. Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in snakes

Author:
Vahid Nasiri; Shohreh Teymurzadeh; Gholamreza Karimi; Mehdi Nasiri
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2016 v.169 pp. 102-106
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
DNA; Protozoa; Toxoplasma gondii; brain; captive animals; genes; human population; parasites; parasitoses; polymerase chain reaction; snakes; California
Abstract:
... Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases in almost all warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide, and it is estimated that about one-third of the world human population is chronically infected with this parasite. Little is known about the circulation of T. gondii in snakes and this study for the first time aimed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2016.08.002

17. Orca Behavior and Subsequent Aggression Associated with Oceanarium Confinement

Author:
Robert Anderson; Robyn Waayers; Andrew Knight
Source:
Animals 2016 v.6 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
aggression; brain; captive animals; cognition; humans; interpersonal relationships; juveniles
Abstract:
... Based on neuroanatomical indices such as brain size and encephalization quotient, orcas are among the most intelligent animals on Earth. They display a range of complex behaviors indicative of social intelligence, but these are difficult to study in the open ocean where protective laws may apply, or in captivity, where access is constrained for commercial and safety reasons. From 1979 to 1980, how ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani6080049
PubMed:
27548232
PubMed Central:
PMC4997274

18. Arginine vasopressin in brains of free ranging striped mouse males following alternative reproductive tactics

Author:
Ivana Schoepf; Wiliam Kenkel; Carsten Schradin
Source:
Journal of ethology 2015 v.33 no.3 pp. 235-242
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
adults; arginine vasopressin; brain; captive animals; immunohistochemistry; males; mice; oxytocin; philopatry; secretion; social behavior; South Africa
Abstract:
... Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are produced in the brain. Due to their importance in modulating social behaviour, these two neuropepetides have been extensively studied in captivity, yet few data are available from the field. Here we report the findings from an immunohistochemistry study, where we measured density of OT and AVP in different brain nuclei of wild African striped mice ( ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-015-0436-6

19. Catalogue of the behaviour of Meriones unguiculatus f. dom. (Mongolian gerbil) and wild conspecies, in captivity and under natural conditions, based on a systematic literature review

Author:
Camilo Hurtado-Parrado; Carlos H. González; Leyda M. Moreno; Camilo A. González; Mónica Arias; Lorena Beltrán; Santiago Cardona
Source:
Journal of ethology 2015 v.33 no.2 pp. 65-86
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
Meriones unguiculatus; animal diseases; animal models; brain; captive animals; cognition; gerbils; humans; information sources; nervous system diseases; researchers; terminology; translation (genetics)
Abstract:
... Despite Meriones unguiculatus’ long history and popularity as an animal model in a wide range of research on topics from gastric and neurological diseases to animal cognition, there is no single comprehensive and detailed source of information about this animal’s behaviour in nature or captivity. Instead, partial and heterogeneous descriptions of several aspects of behaviour can be found throughou ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-015-0421-0

20. Environmental enrichment induces changes in brain monoamine levels in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

Author:
Alkisti Batzina; Christina Dalla; Aristeidis Tsopelakos; Zeta Papadopoulou-Daifoti; Nafsika Karakatsouli
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2014 v.130 pp. 85-90
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; Sparus aurata; aggression; animal welfare; body weight; brain; captive animals; correlation; dopamine; environmental enrichment; fatty acids; fish; metabolites; neurotransmitters; norepinephrine; serotonin; social structure; tanks
Abstract:
... It is generally accepted that environmental enrichment enhances the performance and improves welfare of animals kept in captivity. Similar results have been obtained for fish. It has been previously reported that the presence of Blue or Red-Brown Substrate (BS and RBS respectively) on tank bottom resulted in growth enhancement and suppression of aggressive behavior of gilthead seabream Sparus aura ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.023

21. Growing up in the family or growing up alone influences behavior and hormones, but not arginine vasopressin receptor 1a expression in male African striped mice

Author:
Carsten Schradin; Rebecca H. Larke; Karen L. Bales
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2014 v.129 pp. 205-213
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
arginine vasopressin; brain; captive animals; corticosterone; family studies; males; mice; secretion; social cohesion; testosterone; vasopressin receptors
Abstract:
... In many species males display alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). While males of different tactics differ behaviorally in the field, it is often not known whether these behavioral differences would also occur under standardized laboratory conditions, nor how ARTs are regulated by the brain. In the present study we kept male African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) in captivity either in famil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.060

22. Molecular characterization and expression profiles of three GnRH forms in the brain and pituitary of adult chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) maintained in captivity

Author:
Sethu Selvaraj; Hajime Kitano; Masafumi Amano; Mitsuo Nyuji; Kensuke Kaneko; Akihiko Yamaguchi; Michiya Matsuyama
Source:
Aquaculture 2012 v.356-357 no. pp. 200-210
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Scomber japonicus; amino acids; brain; captive animals; complementary DNA; females; fish; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; males; messenger RNA; seasonal development; seasonal variation; spermiation; vitellogenesis
Abstract:
... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key neuroendocrine peptide involved in the reproduction of fish and other vertebrates. However, characterizing the involvement of GnRH in fish reproduction has been complicated by the discovery of multiple GnRH forms. In the present study, we isolated full-length cDNAs encoding three GnRH forms and analyzed seasonal changes in the concentrations of mRNA i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.015

23. Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around Zurich, Switzerland—Genomic and pathologic comparison to other central European outbreaks

Author:
Hanspeter W. Steinmetz; Tamás Bakonyi; Herbert Weissenböck; Jean-Michel Hatt; Ulrike Eulenberger; Nadia Robert; Richard Hoop; Norbert Nowotny
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2011 v.148 no.2-4 pp. 207-212
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Culicidae; Passeriformes; Strigiformes; Usutu virus; acute course; ataxia (disorder); blood vessels; brain; captive animals; death; ectoparasites; flocks; histopathology; immunity; immunohistochemistry; liver; mortality; necropsy; necrosis; nucleotide sequences; nutritional status; plumage; seizures; sequence analysis; summer; viruses; wild birds; Austria; Central European region; Switzerland
Abstract:
... In late summer 2006 considerable mortality in wild and captive Passeriformes and Strigiformes was observed in Zurich, Switzerland. All animals were found in a range of 2km². Observed clinical signs involved depression, ruffled plumage, incoordination, seizures and peracute death. Nutritional status was generally moderate to poor in wild birds, and variable in captive animals. Necropsy showed marke ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.018
PubMed:
20980109

24. Cognitive ability and awareness in domestic animals and decisions about obligations to animals

Author:
Broom, Donald M.
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2010 v.126 no.1-2 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
brain; captive animals; cognition; domestic animals; humans; learning; parrots; physiology; scientists; social behavior
Abstract:
... Observation of behaviour, especially social behaviour, and experimental studies of learning and brain function give us information about the complexity of concepts that animals have. In order to learn to obtain a resource or carry out an action, domestic animals may: relate stimuli such as human words to the reward, perform sequences of actions including navigation or detours, discriminate amongst ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2010.05.001

25. Neurological dysfunction and cauda fossa overcrowding in a young cheetah with hypovitaminosis A

Author:
De Risio, L.; Beltran, E.; Matiasek, K.; de Stefani, A.; Holloway, A.
Source:
Veterinary record 2010 v.167 no.14 pp. 534-536
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
skeletal development; animal pathology; young animals; disease diagnosis; peripheral nervous system diseases; brain; movement disorders; salivation; therapeutics; bone formation; captive animals; abnormal development; vitamin deficiencies; case studies; skull; vitamin A; disease course; Acinonyx jubatus
DOI:
10.1136/vr.c4802

26. Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: Roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition

Author:
Finch, Caleb E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.suppl_1 pp. 1718-1724
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; Pan troglodytes; alleles; apolipoprotein E; brain; captive animals; evolution; humans; immune response; inflammation; longevity; medicine; mortality; myocardial ischemia; neoplasms; neurodegenerative diseases; nutrition
Abstract:
... Humans have evolved much longer lifespans than the great apes, which rarely exceed 50 years. Since 1800, lifespans have doubled again, largely due to improvements in environment, food, and medicine that minimized mortality at earlier ages. Infections cause most mortality in wild chimpanzees and in traditional forager-farmers with limited access to modern medicine. Although we know little of the di ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0909606106
PubMed:
19966301
PubMed Central:
PMC2868286

27. Induction of final oocyte maturation in Cyprinidae fish by hypothalamic factors: a review

Author:
P. Podhorec; J. Kouril
Source:
Veterinární medicína v.54 no.3 pp. 97-110
ISSN:
0375-8427
Subject:
Cyprinidae; amino acids; brain; captive animals; chickens; dopamine; gametogenesis; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; hormone secretion; luteinizing hormone; oocytes; ovulation; pituitary gland; salmon
Abstract:
... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in Cyprinidae as in other Vertebrates functions as a brain signal which stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland. Two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone have been identified in cyprinids, chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone II and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Hypohysiotropic functions are fulfilled mainly by salmon go ...
DOI:
10.17221/50/2009-vetmed

28. Clinical Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive American bison (Bison bison)

Author:
Weiss, Rachael B.; Sarver, Craig F.; Thilsted, John; Wolfe, Barbara A.
Source:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2008 v.233 no.7 pp. 1127-1130
ISSN:
0003-1488
Subject:
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis; animal pathology; disease diagnosis; histopathology; leg weakness; nematode infections; bison; brain; disease severity; captive animals; animal parasitic nematodes; necropsy; spinal cord; limbs (animal); case studies; ataxia (disorder); urination; animal diseases
DOI:
10.2460/javma.233.7.1127

29. Rearing Environment Affects the Brain Size of Guppies: Lab-Reared Guppies have Smaller Brains than Wild-Caught Guppies

Author:
Burns, James G.; Saravanan, Arthy; Helen Rodd, F.
Source:
Ethology 2009 v.115 no.2 pp. 122-133
ISSN:
0179-1613
Subject:
artificial selection; brain; captive animals; environmental factors; inbreeding; inbreeding depression; phenotype; rearing; temperament
Abstract:
... Animals bred for captivity often have smaller brains and behave differently than their wild counterparts. These differences in brain size have been attributed to genetic changes resulting from, for example, inbreeding depression and pleiotropic effects of artificial selection for traits such as docility. A critical question, though, is whether these differences in brain size are due to plastic res ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01585.x

30. Do stable isotopes reflect nutritional stress? Results from a laboratory experiment on song sparrows

Author:
Kempster, Bethany; Zanette, Liana; Longstaffe, Fred J.; MacDougall-Shackleton, Scott A.; Wingfield, John C.; Clinchy, Michael
Source:
Oecologia 2007 v.151 no.3 pp. 365-371
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
birds; blood; brain; captive animals; carbon; fasting; feathers; juveniles; liver; malnutrition; muscles; nitrogen; stable isotopes; wild animals
Abstract:
... Stable isotope analysis is an increasingly valuable tool in ecological studies and shows promise as a measure of nutritional stress in wild animals. Thus far, however, the only studies on endotherms that have conclusively shown changes in δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values in response to nutritional stress were conducted on fasting animals and animals growing under extreme levels of food restriction. We conduct ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-006-0597-7
PubMed:
17102993

31. Effects of methylmercury exposure on glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks

Author:
Kenow, Kevin P.; Hoffman, David J.; Hines, Randy K.; Meyer, Michael W.; Bickham, John W.; Matson, Cole W.; Stebbins, Katie R.; Montagna, Paul; Elfessi, Abdulaziz
Source:
Environmental pollution 2008 v.156 no.3 pp. 732-738
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
metabolism; liver; blood chemistry; NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; long term effects; brain; dosage; captive animals; dietary exposure; chromosome aberrations; methylmercury compounds; Gavia; wild birds; animal tissues; glutathione peroxidase; chicks; oxidative stress
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.009
PubMed:
18657888

32. Isolation of a European bat lyssavirus type 2 from a Daubenton's bat in the United Kingdom

Author:
Johnson, N.; Selden, D.; Parsons, G.; Healy, D.; Brookes, S.M.; McElhinney, L.M.; Hutson, A.M.; Fooks, A.R.
Source:
Veterinary record 2003 v.152 no.13 pp. 383-387
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Rabies lyssavirus; abnormal behavior; aggression; brain; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; captive animals; viruses; genotype; Myotis; Netherlands; England
Abstract:
... European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) has been isolated once previously from a bat in the UK in June 1996. In September 2002, a Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonif) found in Lancashire developed abnormal behaviour, including unprovoked aggression, while it was in captivity. Brain samples from the bat were tested for virus of the Lyssavirus genus, which includes EBLV-2 (genotype 6), and classical ...
DOI:
10.1136/vr.152.13.383
PubMed:
12696703