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Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; acoustics; carbon dioxide; cohesion; data collection; drought; energy; greenhouses; humidity; irrigation; liquids; mathematical models; soil; technology; temperature; tomatoes; transpiration; water conservation; water flow; water requirement; water stress
Abstract:
... Precision irrigation is an important component of the water-saving approaches in agriculture and is one of the methods for increasing water-saving efficiency. Detecting water stress in crops accurately is the basis of precision irrigation techniques. In this study, the crop water stress monitoring system was developed to detect the acoustic emission (AE) of plants, associating the three factors of ...
... Among the various predisposing factors of rainfall-induced shallow landslides, land use is constantly evolving, being linked to human activities. Between different land uses, improper agricultural practices can have a negative impact on slope stability. Indeed, unsustainable soil tillage can modify the mechanical properties of the soils, leading to a possible increase of the instability phenomena. ...
... Fiber length is one of the most important factors affecting the drafting force and its variability. By analyzing the draftometer data, the interaction between the dynamic drafting force and its variability with respect to the short fiber content of carded cotton sliver is discussed. Two cotton slivers with similar physical properties, except for their short fiber content (i.e.8.8% and 5.3%) were t ...
... Liquid-free ionic conductors (LFICs) have promising applications in flexible electronics because most ionic conductors currently suffer from ionic liquid leakage or water evaporation issues. However, it has been a formidable challenge for LFICs to achieve long-term repeated self-adhesion on different substrates, especially on soft biological tissues. Based on the double-network design concept, we ...
... This review aims to provide a clear description of the compatibility between the main biopolymer matrix and the reinforcing components in manufacturing active and intelligent packaging film. The incorporation of natural extracts and/or nanomaterial improved the mechanical and barrier performance by increasing the cohesiveness of the biopolymer matrix. Meanwhile, the colour changes were due to the ...
... A new strategy was developed for the fabrication of intumescent flame retardant system to improve the fire performance of polybutylene succinate (PBS) based on the synergistic effect of ethylenediamine phosphate (EDAP) and melamine poly(aluminum phosphate) (MPAlP) as well as zinc borate (ZnB). Cone calorimetry results exhibited that, with only 10 wt.% total loading of additives, the peak heat rele ...
... Crude oil products are among the most common pollutants of soils which can drastically affect the engineering properties of soils. In the current study, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the interaction between crude oil and sandy soil with clay and the effect of crude oil, crude oil residence time, absorbent additives type and content, microwave power, specimen weight, ma ...
William R. Wonderly; Tuan T.D. Nguyen; Katerina G. Malollari; Daniel DeMartini; Peyman Delparastan; Eric Valois; Phillip B. Messersmith; Matthew E. Helgeson; J. Herbert Waite
... Bloodworm jaws are composites of protein, melanin, and both mineral and ionic copper. To date, nanomechanical tests have correlated the ionic copper and melanin with hardness and wear resistance, but the function of protein is uncertain. Here, we characterize a Gly- and His-rich protein called multi-tasking protein (MTP) and, using recombinant protein, show that it performs six distinct functions ...
... Characterising powder flowability can be a challenge if only a small quantity of samples is available, e.g. pharmaceutical formulations. The paper focuses on a new method for assessing powder flowability based on physical properties and cohesiveness of particles using a few grams of powders. The technique applies Bond number to represent powder cohesiveness, which detects particle adhesion at medi ...
... A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensor was developed to accurately detect beef taste quality grades. The beef taste was identified by the Fisher discriminant and verified by sensory evaluation. The PVC membrane sensor with the maximum open circuit potential (OCP) value and excellent performance was composed of 0.4 mL of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 0.25 mL of lauryl ether phosphate, 3.6 mg of magn ...
... The cemented sand and gravel (CSG) dam is newly developed. Currently, the allowable safety factors of CSG dams are not well established due to a lack of engineering experience. To meet this demand, a novel framework to calibrate allowable safety factors based on reliability theory is proposed in this study. First, a sample set of CSG dams with the same safety factor is collected. Second, the relia ...
... Gas-fluidized beds of wet flexible fibers with small amounts of liquid are investigated using a coupled approach of Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A liquid-bridge force model is implemented to account for cohesive contact forces due to formation of liquid bridges among the wet fibers. The effects of initial bed height, degree of cohesion (characterized by a b ...
... In recent years, there has been increased focus on the calibration of discrete element method (DEM) models to gain improved confidence in the simulation predictions. However, most recent reports have focused on calibration for real particles of idealized shape (e.g., spherical) or large size (e.g., >1 mm), presented complex calibration procedures that may be difficult to adopt in an industrial set ...
air; cohesion; dry season; environmental protection; grasslands; heavy metals; land use; landscapes; nutrient content; principal component analysis; quantitative analysis; riparian buffers; rivers; soil pollution; streams; water; water quality; watersheds; wet season
Abstract:
... The impact of landscape structures on the water environment has attracted great attention recently. Studying the effects of landscape structure on nutrient and heavy metals at different spatial division scales positively affect ecological protection. The Xiangjiang River Basin, with few external disturbances and light pollution, is the research object, and 16 sampling points were set up on the maj ...
... Rivers are experiencing increasing anthropogenic pressures and salinity has shown to affect freshwater fish behaviour, potentially disrupting ecological processes. In this study, the aim was to determine the sub-lethal effects of salinization on freshwater fish behaviour, using a widespread native cyprinid species, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) as the model species. Behavioural trials i ...
... Consumers significantly prefer wheat noodles that offer both an acceptable texture and health benefits. To this end, a cold-active 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme from Bifidobacterium longum (BlBE) was expressed in the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) host cell Bacillus subtilis and then used at 120, 240 or 480 U/g flour in the preparation of raw dough. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the ...
... During the compaction of powder into tablets, often material from the tablet is detached and stays on the tool punch. This phenomenon is called “sticking” and is a persistent problem and not well understood. In this work, we simulate sticking with DEM (Discrete Element Method) for the first time. The simulations demonstrate the role of inhomogeneity of the deformation at the contacts and the inter ...
... Adsorption of polyelectrolytes on colloidal particles alters the interaction forces and rheological properties of colloidal suspensions. Poly(naphthalene sulfonate) (PNS) and poly(carboxylate ether) (PCE) polyelectrolytes are commonly added to improve the flowability of hydrated cement paste in low-water conditions. The interactions of commercial PNS and PCE admixtures with negatively charged mica ...
... Amongst the biomass sources, microalgae have been hailed as the most promising source of biomass for bioremediation of wastewater with simultaneous production of biodiesel. Algae can be grown in any kind of water either be it fresh water, wastewater or salty water, however, wastewater is an easily accessible source of water, and essential macro/micronutrients for algae cultivation, thus may reduce ...
... Protein inadequacy is the major problem for most plant-based dairy yoghurt substitutes. This study investigated three limited degree of hydrolysis (DH: 1%, 5%, and 9%) of almond protein and the combined effect of DH and hydrolysed almond protein (HP) to non-hydrolysed almond protein (NP) ratios (HP/NP: 40:60, 20:80, 10:90 and 5:95) on the physicochemical properties of resulting fermentation induce ...
angle of repose; cohesion; friction; prediction; soil water; soil water content; spring; water content
Abstract:
... Appropriate discrete element modelling (DEM) parameters are essential for accurate prediction of soil properties and disturbance. This study aims to provide an efficient method for accurately determining DEM parameters of a loose cohesive soil in a range of soil conditions. DEM parameters of the loose cohesive soil modelled using hysteretic spring and linear cohesion contact models were determined ...
... Non‐coding centromeres, which dictate kinetochore formation for proper chromosome segregation, are extremely divergent in DNA sequences across species but are under active transcription carried out by RNA polymerase (RNAP) II. The RNAP II‐mediated centromeric transcription has been shown to facilitate the deposition of the centromere protein A (CENP‐A) to centromeres, establishing a conserved and ...
... The textural properties of whole grain foods strongly influence their sensory evaluation for optimal consumer acceptability. The pasting, dynamic rheological, and mixing properties of sprouted whole wheat flour were determined to aid prediction of the textural properties of the final bread products. In addition, the microstructure of sprouted and unsprouted wheat dough was compared using fluoresce ...
cohesion; energy density; flight; model validation; particle size; technology; water content
Abstract:
... Screw feeders are extensively used in agriculture and processing industries to transport bulk material at relatively controlled rate. The flow behavior can be affected by present moisture content as well as by shape and size of particles which tend to cause bridging or arching of material. In this work, the cohesion between mono-sized spherical particles (due to moisture content), is simulated par ...
... In this study, the actinidin was purified by the salt precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography method on the DEAE-Cellulose column. Skim milk powder was used to assay proteolytic activity (PA), and milk clotting activity (MCA) was measured on total casein as substrate. Kiwi juice had less MCA and high PA than Mucor miehei. The kinetic parameters Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ for actinidin on a casein substra ...
... Extensive efforts have been made to resist topsoil instability by enhancing the inter-particle cohesion for the loose structure and weak cohesion of natural sand. In this study, considering the ecological and environmental aspects, an eco-friendly composite material, namely, a hydrophilic polysaccharide biopolymer (HPB) binder, was employed for the topsoil stability. A series of laboratory tests a ...
... This study focuses on the efficacy of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 3 mm distance, N₂ 1.5 L/min) as a non-thermal intervention to reduce non-pathogenic Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 in oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Exposure times of 10–30 min by the plasma against non-pathogenic E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 resulted in a log reduction of 0.31–1.01 and 0.18–0.62, ...
... The effect of thermal treatment using infrared and microwave fields on freezing of pork loin was investigated. Several infrared and microwave treatment protocols were designed and tested to determine the thawing losses is each case to identify the most suitable one which yielded the best quality. In addition, the state of moisture in the meat, cooking loss, texture, color, pH, Thiobarbituric acid- ...
case studies; cohesion; cultural heritage; land policy; landscapes; surveys; taxonomy; variance; villages
Abstract:
... This paper focuses on the impact of urban and suburban spread on the preservation of the cultural heritage and landscape of suburban villages with historical cores. It is a case study of a once village of Bronowice Małe the rural structure of which has been listed as a protected heritage site by the municipality. The area is under a severe development pressure because of its attractive location wi ...
... Birds that inhabit open lands such as grasslands and shrublands are rapidly declining across North America. A common practice for multi‐species management is to focus on umbrella species whose habitat requirements overlap with several other species. We evaluated whether the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite) could serve as an umbrella species for open‐land birds in Ohio, USA. We rel ...
clay; cohesion; comparative study; data collection; decision support systems; hydraulic structures; hydrology; models; nose; prediction; rivers; sediments
Abstract:
... Spur dike has been widely used as one of the river training structures to increase the stability of riverbanks and embankments. Scour around spur dikes affects their hydraulic performance and stability. Hence, the precise calculation of scour depth variation with time at spur dikes is essential to the design of safe and economical spur dikes. This study focuses on assessing the scour depth variati ...
Cercopithecus; antipredatory behavior; canopy height; cohesion; fruits; habitats; home range; landscapes; monkeys; predation; prey species; risk perception; sleep; understory; South Africa
Abstract:
... Prey species must often face a trade‐off between acquiring resources and minimizing predation risk. The spatial variation in predation risk across a landscape, as perceived by prey across their foraging or home range, creates a “landscape of fear” by which individuals modify their behavior in response to the level of perceived risk. Here, we explored the influence of perceived predation risk, habi ...
Sus scrofa; ambient temperature; cohesion; corn; ecology; land cover; landscapes; marshes; models; probability; shrubs; space and time; summer; swine; weather; wildlife management; Michigan
Abstract:
... Animal movement models can be used to understand species behavior and assist with implementation of management activities. We explored behavioral states of an invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) population that recently colonized central Michigan, USA, 2014–2018. To quantify environmental factors related to wild pig movement ecology and spatio‐temporal landscape use, we predicted wild pig behavioral st ...
... Desmosomes are intercellular junctions which mediate cohesion and communication in tissues exposed to mechanical strain by tethering the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. While mature desmosomes are characterized by a hyperadhesive, Ca²⁺-independent state, they transiently loose this state during wound healing, pathogenesis and tissue regeneration. The mechanisms controlli ...
air; antioxidant activity; cohesion; energy content; firmness; foams; free radicals; gel electrophoresis; hydrocolloids; licorice; particle size; sodium; sodium alginate; surface tension; turbidity; viscoelasticity; viscosity; whey protein isolate
Abstract:
... Interactions among multi-component food matrices play a key role in modulating the foam properties. In this study, foams containing mixtures of sodium alginate (ALG; 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v), whey protein isolate (WPI; 0.2 and 0.6% w/v), and licorice extract (LE; 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% w/v) were formed and characterized. The interactions between the components were confirmed by turbidity, ζ-potential, ...
Medicago sativa; agroecosystems; alfalfa; biological soil crusts; biomass; cohesion; field experimentation; microbial carbon; mineralization; mosses and liverworts; nitrogen; porosity; soil organic carbon; soil quality; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Biological soil crust (BSC) establishment as a nature-based strategy (NbS) may restore the functionality of degraded soils in semiarid agroecosystems. However, this issue is little documented. To address this issue, a BSC-inoculated (broken-skin inoculation, moss) field experiment was conducted in a semiarid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field in 2018 and 2019, with the treatments as follows: 1) co ...
biometry; coasts; cohesion; ecology; gillnets; monsoon season; summer; Bay of Bengal; India
Abstract:
... The biometry and seasonal size distribution of the medusae, Crambionella annandalei and Chrysaora spp. were investigated from fortnightly gillnet landings between January 2017 and December 2018 along the West coast of the Bay of Bengal. Although both taxa exhibited strong patterns of seasonality in abundance and growth, being commonest and smallest in summer, C. annandalei were largely absent in t ...
cohesion; collective action; nonrenewable resources; people; renewable energy sources; society
Abstract:
... This paper analyses the effects of ethnic and religious diversity on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption for 187 countries worldwide (categorised into high-, middle-, and low-income countries) from 1990 to 2020. This study determines the long-run relationship between the variables using panel fixed effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) models. The results show that ethnic and ...
cohesion; consumer behavior; mathematical models; social networks; sustainable development; China
Abstract:
... In a shopping mall, it's a common phenomenon that brands enter and exit. Studying the brand's entry and connection in the mall's ecological chain is an important factor in judging whether the brand can develop sustainably in the mall. Based on the analysis of 724,685 consumers' consumption data from one International Shopping Center in Shanghai, China, this paper conducts the social network analys ...
... Gluten-free (GF) breads are often described with low quality, rapidly staling, dry mouthfeel and crumbling texture attributes. In lack of recent texture profile data on commercially available, preservative-free, freshly-baked GF bread, this study aimed to compare different types of GF products with their wheat-based counterparts during a 4-day-long storage test. Texture analysis data showed that G ...
cohesion; horses; industry; risk; self-perception; stakeholders; veterinarians; Great Britain
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Exotic diseases pose a significant risk to horse health and welfare. Several stakeholder groups, including primary care veterinarians, share responsibility for maintaining freedom from pathogens that cause exotic diseases. However, little is known about the current state of exotic disease preparedness within the British horse industry. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore e ...
cohesion; color; diffusivity; egg yolk; eggs; hardness; hens; mass transfer; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oils; saline water; salt content; texture
Abstract:
... A study of the dynamics of egg yolk salting clarified the diffusion of salt and the resulting changes in yolk quality and thereby provided guidance for better control of the final product. The effects of different salt contents in the salting solution (between 16 and 24%) on the mass transfer kinetics and egg yolk quality were analyzed during rapid salting. The results for the egg yolks showed tha ...
... Purple yam, Dioscorea trifida (DT), is characterized by its valuable nutritional properties and as powder it could be used as an ingredient in various foods. In this research, the DT paste was dried by refractance window (RW) at 70, 80, and 90 °C for 40 min, a technique for obtaining powders with microbiological stability (aw < 0.35), good fluidity and low cohesiveness. In the powders obtained fro ...
... Microbial polysaccharides as renewable bioproducts have attracted lots of attention in various industries. Hesan (Highly elastic Sanxan), an exopolysaccharide produced by a plasma mutagenic strain Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX03, was characterized. It possessed the same monosaccharide composition as the original polysaccharide Sanxan produced from wild-type strain NX02, but significantly reduced a ...
... Breakthrough energy savings were recently projected by a spray-dryer free dairy powder manufacturing process based on superconcentration and granulation. The extent of superconcentration and the recirculation rate of powder for granulation, determines process performance. In this study, the evolution of physical properties during superconcentration and granulation was investigated for a model syst ...
Landsat; case studies; climate; coal; cohesion; combustion; deformation; humidity; interferometry; oxygen; photogrammetry; snowmelt; soil; subsidence; summer; synthetic aperture radar; time series analysis; winter; China
Abstract:
... Coal fire disasters generally occur in major coal-producing countries. They destroyed many coal resources and triggered various environmental problems. The identification and state assessment of coal fire areas are paramount to coal fire management. In this paper, a method for identifying coal fires by integrating land surface temperatures (LSTs) from multitemporal thermal infrared remote sensing ...
... Mineral nanoparticle suspensions with consolidating properties have been successfully applied in the restoration of weathered architectural surfaces. However, the design of these consolidants is usually stone-specific and based on trial and error, which prevents their robust operation for a wide range of highly heterogeneous monumental stone materials. In this work, we develop a facile and versati ...
... Studies of seismically triggered deformations in the depositional record contribute significantly to our knowledge of earthquake recurrence over geological time. This paper describes soft sediment deformation structures preserved in a periglacial Upper Pleistocene succession of eolian sand in the eastern Vienna Basin, Central Europe. The strata were formed dominantly by wind ripples migrating acro ...
... During group movements, many socially living and group-foraging animals produce contact calls. Contact calls typically function to coordinate and maintain cohesion among group members by providing receivers with information on the callers' location or movement-related motivation. Previous work suggests that meerkats, Suricata suricatta, also produce short-range contact calls, so-called ‘close call ...
... In this paper, the effects of NaOH, NaCl, and heat on the appearance, physical characteristics, and gel structure of duck egg white (EW) jointly induced by NaOH, NaCl, and heat were investigated. Results showed that the absolute value of zeta potential (TAV-ZP) of gel samples increased, hunter whiteness decreased, gel opacity decreased, and the microstructure of gel appeared as a loose network str ...