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... Most studies that have evaluated the welfare impacts of agricultural input subsidy programmes (ISPs) in developing countries have focused on measuring their effects on various outcomes of interest such as agricultural productivity. I estimate the consumer surplus accrued by direct and indirect beneficiaries of ISPs in Malawi. Malawi's Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP), introduced in 2005, is the ...
alternative energy industry; carbon; consumer surplus; electricity; energy; energy policy; environmental markets; models; renewable energy sources; social welfare; China
Abstract:
... In order to promote the low-carbon transformation, Chinese government plans to implement two policies in the power industry: carbon cap-and-trade mechanisms and renewable portfolio standards. However, whether their synergy can drive the development of Chinese renewable energy industry has become a key issue. Based on China’s renewable energy industry, this paper established an optimization model w ...
... Biobased productsare non‐food goods derived from agricultural and forestry materials. Products made from biomaterials could substitute for petroleum‐based inputs used to make everyday household goods. This studyestimates consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for the attributes of single‐use eating‐ware (SUEW) plates made from biobased materials. Attributes considered are product material, degradabilit ...
carbon; consumer surplus; environmental impact; pollution; research; social welfare
Abstract:
... This paper explores the impact of carbon cap-and-trade policies and consumer low-carbon preferences on the choice of manufacturers’ product lines. We further investigate the optimal decisions of manufacturers under different product line strategies. Moreover, we analyze consumer surplus, environmental impact, and social welfare under different product line strategies. The results show that produci ...
... This paper assesses the profit and welfare effects of firms’ ability to charge personalized prices in markets where consumer demand is sensitive to price changes. In a mill pricing model, regardless of demand elasticity, personalized pricing (PP) raises consumer surplus at the expense of profits. In contrast, in a delivered pricing model, if demand is sufficiently elastic, PP boosts profits at the ...
Almost Ideal Demand System; USDA; carbon; carbon markets; climate; consumer surplus; food policy; greenhouse gases; health promotion; heat; income; life cycle assessment; social welfare; surveys; taxes
Abstract:
... This article examines the effectiveness and consequences of using carbon taxes on food purchases to contribute to achieving the U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) reduction target for 2025. Using U.S. Department of Agriculture National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey data and the elasticities derived from the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model, we simulate multiple uncomp ...
... A study on tourists’ preferences for wildlife conservation in the Italian Alps using a choice experiment is presented. The study focuses on wolves, lynx and salamanders, which are in danger of extinction. Welfare analysis suggests that WTP for varying sizes of animal population increases up to 45–55 animals and then decreases. This indicates that tourists are willing to financially contribute to a ...
... With the gradual expansion of benefits provided by islands to human wellbeing, it has become increasingly important to quantify the cultural ecosystem service functions of islands. In this study, the zone travel cost method (ZTCM) and individual travel cost method (ITCM) are used to assess the recreational and cultural ecosystem services value of the island region of Changhai County, China, and th ...
... Traceability regulations are a way to protect consumers by forcing firms to identify and track products step-by-step through all stages of production, processing, and distribution. Traceability is often used in conjunction with country-of-origin labelling where products explicitly identify where production takes place. However, such country-of-origin regulations can conflict with WTO provisions. T ...
... Electricity storage is likely to be an important factor in balancing fluctuations in renewable generators' output, but concentrated ownership could lead to market power. We model this for short-term (daily) storage in the British electricity wholesale market, with generating companies acting as either price-takers or Cournot competitors. We discuss how competitive storage charging and discharging ...
consumer surplus; equipment; issues and policy; markets; models; pollution; raw materials; waste management; willingness to pay
Abstract:
... In order to decrease environment pollution and the usage of raw material, some governments use subsidy policy to encourage the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and the Independent Remanufacturer (IR) to remanufacture. While, how government subsidy affects remanufacturing activity and industry competition is still unclear. In our research, there are an OEM and an IR in the market. And the OEM ...
... The last couple of decades have seen the emergence of several labels, many of which certify a higher environmental quality to appeal to customers with environmentally friendly tastes. Existing eco‐labels present different standards and different levels of uptake. Often, there is a trade off between these two dimensions: the eco‐label sponsor anticipates that if a standard is too stringent, fewer p ...
agricultural economics; consumer surplus; data collection; expert opinion; field experimentation; market power; markets; models; prices; product quality; scanners; willingness to pay; wines
Abstract:
... We empirically investigate the welfare effects of providing product quality information to consumers in the form of expert opinion scores in a setting of asymmetric information. Identification of the effects of the provision of information comes from a field experiment in the retail wine market. We use a monthly‐product‐store panel scanner data set, collected before and during the field experiment ...
blockchain; coastal zone management; consumer surplus; environmental protection; financial economics; governance; markets; profitability; social welfare; stakeholders; supply chain
Abstract:
... This study provides a game-theoretic analysis of the service strategy of a two-tier maritime supply chain. We explore a setting where a port provides blockchain service with different service levels. We extend the existing literature, which discusses the servitization with blockchain in the maritime supply chain. We demonstrate both the economic and environmental benefits that blockchain service i ...
consumer surplus; imports; markets; profits and margins; social welfare
Abstract:
... This study investigates the effects of parallel imports in two-sided markets, which may increase profits for manufacturers when products have a two-sided market nature. Additionally, parallel imports increase consumer surplus and social welfare in all countries if the network externalities from both sides are large enough. However, if one externality is small while the other is large, parallel imp ...
... Urban catchments in Istanbul, such as the Ömerli Catchment, are expected to receive more visitors in the future due to an increase in population, long-term recreational habits, and an insufficient amount of urban green spaces in the metropolitan area. Therefore, estimating the recreation's monetary value is crucial for developing sustainable spatial strategies for urban catchments that take cultur ...
... Protected areas offer unique opportunities for recreation, but the non-market nature of these benefits presents a significant challenge when trying to represent value in the decision-making processes. The most common techniques to value recreation are based on resource-intensive primary surveys which are difficult to perform at a large scale or in remote locations. This is true in the case of Ital ...
... The green spaces preserve natural heritage, spectacular landscapes, and wildlife habitats. By incorporating national parks, it leads to economic growth, environmental sustainability, social involvement, and provides a protected area for endangered wildlife. Nature-dependent tourism indicates a critical place within the national economy. Pakistan is tackling the tourism industry and implementing na ...
carbon; carbon markets; consumer surplus; game theory; models; social welfare; supply chain
Abstract:
... There are three main emission reduction modes: manufacturer-only emission reduction (M-ER), retailer-only emission reduction (R-ER), and joint emission reduction (J-ER). This paper develops an analytical framework consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer to explore the optimal choice of emission reduction mode under the carbon cap-and-trade mechanism. The paper firstly obtains the optimal decis ...
consumer surplus; economic valuation; ecosystems; gender; lakes; mobile telephones; models; tourists; travel; wetlands; China
Abstract:
... The travel cost method is the main technique used to evaluate the monetary value of recreational cultural ecosystem services of wetlands. While questionnaires still provide an important way to obtain tourist travel distances, salary rate coefficients, and travel rate data, but they are restricted by the data scale and the need for long-term monitoring. Therefore, the present study introduces mobil ...
... African Swine Fever broke out in China in August 2018 and has caused a substantial loss to China’s hog industry. Pork is the dominant meat in the Chinese diet with its price being a critical component of China’s Consumer Price Index. In 2019, large increases in the pork price caused by the sharp reduction in pork supply incentivized the government to suppress the price by subsidizing large-scale h ...
... We study auctions for business licenses, where only the winners can participate in Cournot competition. This is an example of a multi-unit auction with endogenous and interdependent values. We compare a pay-as-bid auction and a uniform price auction. Assuming that only the winners’ identity and their payments are announced after the auction, the former auction is advantageous in terms of auction r ...
... In the face of restricted budgets, it is worthwhile to explore whether domestic and non-domestic users would be willing to contribute to the cost of managing natural areas. Specifically, we investigate preferences of Dutch and Belgian divers for a trip to the Oosterschelde, an estuary in the Netherlands close to Belgium. The travel cost estimates based on day trips reveal a consumer surplus of 108 ...
behavior; business enterprises; consumer surplus; corporate social responsibility; decision making; design; exhibitions; manufacturing; models; pressure; prices; profits and margins; recycling; research; sales; solutions; supply chain; wastes
Abstract:
... In recent years, manufacturers have been under pressure from consumers and the government in terms of environmental awareness and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The CRS behavior regulated by government subsidy is limited understood and needs attention urgently. In this study, three closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) models, including one decentralized decision-making model without fair concer ...
... This article develops a theoretical model to analyze how policies such as regional labeling, geographic indications, and quality standards affect welfare when firms have a collective reputation corresponding to a region. The tradeoff is between consumer information and protection of the regional names against the effect of supply restriction, which is often considered to be collusive behavior. Reg ...
Monte Carlo method; consumer surplus; data collection; models; recreation areas; surveys; willingness to pay
Abstract:
... Recall data of visits to recreational sites often contain reported numbers that appear to be rounded to nearby focal points (e.g., the closest 5 or 10). Failure to address this rounding has been shown to produce biased estimates of marginal effects and non-linear combinations of coefficients such as willingness to pay. We investigate the relative performance of three count data models used with da ...
... The present study estimated the economic value of Kallar Kahar Lake in Pakistan. This is among the first-ever studies considering the impact of the visitors’ perception on the number of visits to the lake in South Asia. Individual travel cost method was employed. Variables on the perception of the visitors were significantly related to the number of visits to the recreational site. Results implied ...
... Travel cost (TC) data are often collected on-site, raising the question of on-site sampling bias. In addition, the motivations behind visiting a recreational area are diverse and differ across individuals, with the potential implications that preferences for trips are heterogenous. This is particularly true for recreational fishing areas that include multiple sites and within which multiple fishin ...
Monte Carlo method; agricultural prices; agricultural subsidies; consumer surplus; domestic markets; econometric models; producer surplus; soybeans; China
Abstract:
... China is a predominant soybean importer; thus, its domestic soybean policies have a large impact on world soybean market dynamics. We develop the first aggregate structural econometric model of China's soybean market and link it to the rest of the world (ROW), which allows us to analyze the impacts of China's soybean price support policy that ran from 2008 to 2013. We investigate the impacts of Ch ...
consumer surplus; e-commerce; prices; social welfare; supply chain
Abstract:
... This study considers two incentive mechanisms, the reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) and the altruistic preference (AP). An E-commerce closed-loop supply chain consisting of a remanufacturer and a network recycling platform (the platform) is constructed to examine the recycling service and the quality improvement. Three models are developed to study how RPM and AP affect recycling decisions and model ...
consumer surplus; electric energy consumption; electricity; electricity costs; electricity generation; field experimentation; markets; people; prices; solar energy; tariffs; wind
Abstract:
... Flexible electricity demand through dynamic pricing¹1We use the term ‘dynamic pricing’ to describe electricity tariffs that are continually adjusted to (partially) reflect the current price at the spot market or at the day ahead market such as real-time pricing. Time of use pricing is not covered by our use of the term because time of use tariffs are pre-declared and not continually adjusted to re ...
combustion; consumer surplus; energy; markets; social welfare; society
Abstract:
... Electric vehicles enjoy not only vigorous promotion in many countries via green license plates but also state subsidies. This study investigates a traditional combustion-vehicle market and the coexistence of combustion and electric vehicles under the influence of network effects. It evaluates the impact of the greenness gap and network effect on their pricing, subsidies, and market returns, respec ...
blockchain; coastal zone management; consumer surplus; game theory; industry; models; social welfare; stakeholders; supply chain
Abstract:
... In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, how to promote blockchain technology to improve the efficiency of port customs clearance and logistics transparency has become a hot research question in the shipping industry. In this paper, we investigate the value of blockchain-based vertical cooperation led by a port or a shipping company in a one-to-two shipping service competition model. A status quo scenar ...
consumer surplus; coral reefs; corals; ecosystem management; ecotourism; education; gender; income; issues and policy; models; national parks; regression analysis; travel; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Karimunjawa National Park was designated as a Marine National Park area since the enactment of Kepdirjen PHKA No. SK. 28/IV-SET/2012. The marine tourism utilization zone covers 2.45% of the total area of TNKJ. One of the great potential resources that is utilized in tourism utilization zone is coral reefs. Economic valuations of coral reefs are considered necessary as an approach to show the benef ...
business mergers; consumer surplus; exhibitions; issues and policy; probability
Abstract:
... Denicolò and Polo (2018) show that the result of Federico et al. (2017), i.e., horizontal mergers reduce R&D investments of the merged firms compared to non-cooperation, holds provided the probability of failure in R&D is log-convex in R&D investments. We provide a different reason for innovation raising merger. We show that if firms invest in process innovation, merger may increase R&D investment ...
agricultural economics; case studies; climate change; consumer surplus; cooling; heat; market power; markets; microclimate; solar radiation; winter; California
Abstract:
... Can farmers adapt to climate change by altering effective weather conditions on their fields? Existing technologies allow farmers to cool down plants by a few degrees during critical periods, reducing the damage from excess heat. With nonlinear effects of high temperatures on yields, slight cooling can bring significant gains in many crops. We call this approach “microclimate engineering” (MCE) an ...
... Behaviour-based pricing (BBP) fully considers the willingness to pay, behavioural characteristics and rational expectations of new and old customers and can dynamically adjust pricing strategies based on purchase histories. Therefore, compared with uniform pricing, BBP can promote the development of green products in the market. Additionally, BBP gradually influences the pricing decisions of the s ...
consumer surplus; industry; ownership; prices; profits and margins
Abstract:
... This paper investigates how overlapping ownership affects quality levels, consumer surplus, firms’ profits and welfare when the industry is a vertically differentiated duopoly and quality choice is endogenous. This issue is particularly relevant since recent empirical evidence suggests that overlapping ownership constitutes an important feature of a multitude of vertically differentiated industrie ...
asymmetry; consumer surplus; prices; social welfare; society; wastes
Abstract:
... Considering consumers' preference for green consumption, firms provide independent main products alone to reduce the waste induced by repeated purchases of complementary products. This paper divides consumers into four types according to their greenness and previous purchase experiences, and theoretically investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the uniform pricing strategy and the differe ...
consumer surplus; prices; products and commodities
Abstract:
... Using the classical framework by Wolinsky (1986) and Anderson and Renault (1999), this paper explores partial-depth search and shows that consumers search products partially when search cost is large, and firms’ prices and consumer surplus are non-monotonic in search cost. ...
consumer surplus; guidelines; issues and policy; models; paper; producer responsibility; social welfare; supply chain
Abstract:
... Many countries have imposed product take-back conditions on their manufacturers, as part of the commitment to the extended product responsibility. This paper explores the feasibility of the take-back regulation operating under a collection target and a reuse target. Two models using different regulation setups are developed to show the effects of a take-back regulation on consumer surplus, the ben ...
administrative management; autumn; consumer surplus; ecology; fisheries; models; national surveys; summer; Sweden
Abstract:
... A nationwide recreational fishing survey in Sweden was used to estimate the benefits of recreational fishing in Sweden. The survey targeted the Swedish population and, consequently, the sample contained a large fraction of zero fishing days. To consider this, a zero‐inflated Poisson model was used in the estimations. Swedes fished about 15.6 million days in 2013, of which two‐thirds were spent on ...
carbon; chemical composition; consumer surplus; energy; environment; environmental policy; fearfulness; natural gas; oil and gas industry
Abstract:
... Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has transformed the North American oil and gas industry, leading to increased consumer surplus and reduced carbon emissions. While HF may have similar potential for the developing world, adoption has been limited to date, plausibly because of perceptions of potential local costs and the need to develop technical proficiency. We empirically evaluate the incremental contrib ...
... This study aims to understand recreation demands and visitor characteristics of urban green spaces. The renovation of large urban green spaces has been scheduled due to the aging facilities in the Sapporo city area, northern Japan. Owing to budget limitations, however, a decision has been made to perform a specific type of extensive renovation depending on the existing environmental settings, faci ...
... We introduce a semiparametric smooth coefficient estimator for recreation demand data that allows more flexible modeling of preference heterogeneity. We show that our sample of visitors each has an individual statistically significant price coefficient estimate leading to clearly nonparametric consumer surplus and willingness to pay (WTP) distributions. We also show mean WTP estimates that are dif ...
consumer surplus; decision making; decision support systems; game theory; income; issues and policy; prices; supply chain; waste management
Abstract:
... The presence of end-of-life vehicles (ELV) in the cities creates irreparable damage in environmental and economic terms. Thus, governments have been searching for ways to collect ELVs. An effective way to address ELVs is subsidies' policy. In this study, a supply chain including an ELV take-back center, an inspection center, and a repair center are considered. The decision variables are the purcha ...
... I study the impacts of limiting the quantity of one product in a two‐goods market with privately informed buyers. The goal is to explore effects on consumer surplus and consumption of both products. The main finding is that following moderate enough caps, a standard nonlinear pricing model predicts an increase in surplus for the buyer with low preference for the regulated good and high valuation f ...
... We show an extended form of quasilinear utility functions, which is characterized by the Gorman polar form and the property that a consumer surplus, a compensating variation, and an equivalent variation coincide for the changes of prices and income under a certain condition. ...
consumer surplus; issues and policy; models; profits and margins; recycling; supply chain; willingness to pay
Abstract:
... Empirical and theoretical research has shown that consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) has a significant impact on manufacturers’ decisions. Based on these findings, we establish models for multiple remanufacturing modes considering WTP heterogeneity or different remanufactured products, in one-period and two-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) scenarios, to identify the optimal recycling and re ...
... Climate change influences the agricultural sector by reducing available water resources, thereby influencing income, consumer and producer surplus, and crop prices. So, it is necessary to have a comprehensive integrated method to measure the effects of these changes on natural resources and social conditions. The present study aims to use the positive mathematical programming method to discover th ...