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- Author:
- Friday E. Black, et al. ; Christopher P. Garnham; Shane G. Butler; Patrick G. Telmer; Justin B. Renaud; Mark W. Sumarah; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2020 v.68 no.47 pp. 13779-13790
- ISSN:
- 1520-5118
- Subject:
- Aspergillus niger; Escherichia coli; Fusarium verticillioides; corn; deamination; energy; ethanol production; food chemistry; food contamination; fumonisins; fungi; livestock; oxidoreductases; temperature; toxicity
- Abstract:
- ... Fumonisin contamination of maize damaged by Fusarium verticillioides and related species is a major problem when it is grown under warm and dry conditions. Consumption of fumonisin contaminated food and feed is harmful to both humans and livestock. Novel tools for reducing or eliminating fumonisin toxicity may be useful to the agri-feed sector to deal with this worldwide problem. Enzymes capable o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04504
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04504
2. Factors explaining the low and variable profitability of fertilizer application to maize in Zambia
- Author:
- J. Roy Black, et al. ; William J. Burke; Thom. S. Jayne; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Agricultural economics 2017 v.48 no.1 pp. 115-126
- ISSN:
- 0169-5150
- Subject:
- acid soils; application rate; corn; fertilizer application; mineral fertilizers; models; prices; profitability; Asia; Europe; North America; South America; Zambia
- Abstract:
- ... It is widely recognized that an “African green revolution” will require greater use of inorganic fertilizers. Often‐made comparisons note that fertilizer use rates in Africa are just 10–20% of those in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Most attempts to explain relatively low‐adoption of fertilizer assume yield responses to inorganic fertilization warrant higher application rates and hypothesize that ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/agec.12299
- https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12299
- Author:
- Christopher K. Black, et al. ; James D. Burridge; Eric A. Nord; Johannes A. Postma; Jagdeep S. Sidhu; Larry M. York; Jonathan P. Lynch; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Plant phenomics 2020 v.2020 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 2643-6515
- Subject:
- Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; beans; canopy; computer simulation; corn; discriminant analysis; models; phenomics; root systems; soil; t-test
- Abstract:
- ... A soil coring protocol was developed to cooptimize the estimation of root length distribution (RLD) by depth and detection of functionally important variation in root system architecture (RSA) of maize and bean. The functional-structural model OpenSimRoot was used to perform in silico soil coring at six locations on three different maize and bean RSA phenotypes. Results were compared to two season ...
- DOI:
- 10.34133/2020/3252703
- https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/3252703
- Author:
- Bruce C Black, et al. ; Daibin Yang; Stephen Donovan; Lailiang Cheng; Alan G Taylor; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Seed science research 2018 v.28 no.3 pp. 229-235
- ISSN:
- 1475-2735
- Subject:
- imbibition; lipophilicity; Zea mays; testa; pericarp; fluorescence; soybeans; corn; amides; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrophilicity; pharmacodynamics; endosperm; tissues; normal distribution; seed treatment; permeability; roots; leaves
- Abstract:
- ... Systemic uptake of organic compounds from roots to leaves follows a Gaussian distribution in relation to the lipophilicity, as measured by the log Kow. Quantification of compound uptake with different lipophilicities, and applied as a seed treatment that diffuses through the seed coat into the embryo during imbibition, has not been reported. The aim of this investigation was to quantify the uptake ...
- DOI:
- 10.1017/S096025851800017X
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S096025851800017X
- Author:
- Tyler Black, et al. ; Bee Khim Chim; Paul Davis; Wade Thomason; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of plant nutrition 2017 v.40 no.20 pp. 2818-2828
- ISSN:
- 1532-4087
- Subject:
- Zea mays; algorithms; canopy; coastal plains; corn; crop rotation; decision support systems; environmental impact; field experimentation; grain yield; meteorological data; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient use efficiency; reflectance; simulation models; stover; Mid-Atlantic region; Virginia
- Abstract:
- ... In corn (Zea mays L.) production, determining appropriate nitrogen (N) rates is a critical part of achieving profitable yields, while minimizing negative environmental effects. Many tools to assist in the determination of optimum corn sidedress N rates exist, however, those that are low cost, that can be used in real time and that do not require extensive scouting or sampling may be preferred. Thi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1080/01904167.2017.1382531
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1382531
- Author:
- Thomas A. Black, et al. ; Harmanjit S. Dhadli; Babu S. Brar; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Geoderma regional 2016 v.7 no.2 pp. 102-109
- ISSN:
- 2352-0094
- Subject:
- animal manures; corn; cropping systems; fertilizer application; food security; gas chromatography; grain yield; greenhouse gas emissions; irrigation; loamy sand soils; mineral fertilizers; nitrous oxide; nutrient management; rain; regression analysis; seasonal variation; soil fertility; wheat; India
- Abstract:
- ... The agriculture sector is a major contributor towards global N2O (nitrous oxide) emissions. Amongst various factors controlling N2O emissions from cultivated fields, application of fertilizers and manures is the key factor. The effect of 42years of continuous application of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) on N2O emissions in loamy sand soil was studied via closed chambers and gas c ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.geodrs.2016.02.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2016.02.003
- Author:
- Roy Black, et al. ; Megan Sheahan; T.S. Jayne; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Food policy 2013 v.41 pp. 39-52
- ISSN:
- 0306-9192
- Subject:
- corn; farmers; fertilizer rates; mineral fertilizers; nitrogen; profitability; research planning; surveys; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... It is widely perceived that African farmers are under-utilizing inorganic fertilizer. However, very little long-term evidence from farmers’ fields, accounting for variations in agro-ecological conditions, has been assembled to back this claim or determine the conditions under which it is true. Using five waves of nationwide household survey data from Kenya covering 13years, we estimate the relativ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.04.008
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.04.008
- Author:
- Christopher K. Black, et al. ; Michael D. Masters; David S. LeBauer; Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira; Evan H. DeLucia; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Plant and soil 2017 v.419 no.1-2 pp. 391-404
- ISSN:
- 0032-079X
- Subject:
- Miscanthus giganteus; Panicum virgatum; belowground biomass; bioenergy; carbon sequestration; corn; drought tolerance; grasses; land use change; perennials; plant ecology; root systems; rowcrops; soil profiles; statistical models; summer
- Abstract:
- ... AIMS: Root architecture drives plant ecology and physiology, but current detection methods limit understanding of root placement within soil profiles. We developed a statistical model of root volume along depth gradients and used it to infer carbon storage potential of land-use changes from conventional agriculture to perennial bioenergy grasses. METHODS: We estimated root volume of maize-soybean ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11104-017-3333-7
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3333-7
- Author:
- T. Andrew Black, et al. ; Michael J. Lathuillière; Higo J. Dalmagro; Paulo H.Z. de Arruda; Iain Hawthorne; Eduardo G. Couto; Mark S. Johnson; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Agricultural and forest meteorology 2018 v.256-257 pp. 407-419
- ISSN:
- 0168-1923
- Subject:
- beans; corn; crop models; crop production; crop rotation; cropland; crops; dry season; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; farms; irrigated farming; irrigation; multiple cropping; rice; soybeans; transpiration; Amazonia
- Abstract:
- ... Cropland has increasingly occupied large areas in Southern Amazonia since the 1990s, yet few direct field-based evapotranspiration (ET) measurements are available. We used the eddy covariance method to measure ET on a farm with multiple cropping cycles per year over September 2015 through February 2017. This period covered two soybean crops and associated rotations in each of two adjacent fields: ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.023
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.023
- Author:
- Christopher K. Black, et al. ; Michael D. Masters; Ilsa B. Kantola; Krishna P. Woli; Thomas Voigt; Mark B. David; Evan H. DeLucia; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2016 v.216 pp. 51-60
- ISSN:
- 0167-8809
- Subject:
- Glycine max; Panicum virgatum; Zea mays; bioenergy; biomass; calcium; corn; cropping systems; energy crops; geographical variation; grasses; groundwater; iron; magnesium; manganese; nitrogen; nutrients; perennials; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; soil nutrients; soybeans; species diversity; sulfur; urea; zinc; Illinois; Kentucky; Nebraska; New Jersey
- Abstract:
- ... Replacing annual row crops with perennial grasses for bioenergy represents a landscape-level change in species composition, with the potential to impact annual soil nutrient removal on a regional scale. In this study we measured the concentration of ten essential nutrients in harvested material from three potential perennial bioenergy crops: Panicum virgatum L., Miscanthus×giganteus, and a reestab ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.016
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.016
- Author:
- T.E. Black, et al. ; K.M. Waters; V.R.G. Mercadante; G.H.L. Marquezini; N. DiLorenzo; R.O. Myer; A.T. Adesogan; G.C. Lamb; Show all 8 Authors
- Source:
- Professional animal scientists 2015 v.31 no.1 pp. 40-49
- ISSN:
- 1080-7446
- Subject:
- Arachis glabrata; Cynodon dactylon; beef; beef cattle; breeding; breeding season; corn; gestational age; growth performance; hay; heifers; pregnancy rate; puberty; soybean meal; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of supplementation with perennial peanut hay (Arachis glabrata Benth.) on growth performance and age at puberty in growing beef cattle heifers. Over a 2-yr period, 120 heifers were randomly allocated into 12 pens and assigned to 1 of 3 supplement treatments: 80% corn and 20% soybean meal supplement (CSBM), perennial peanut hay supplem ...
- DOI:
- 10.15232/pas.2014-01332
- https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2014-01332
- Author:
- Colin Black, et al. ; Manal Al-Traboulsi; Sofie Sjögersten; Jeremy Colls; Michael Steven; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Plant and soil 2013 v.365 no.1-2 pp. 267-281
- ISSN:
- 0032-079X
- Subject:
- Zea mays; adventitious roots; air temperature; carbon; chlorophyll; corn; correlation; crop yield; leaves; seeds; shoots; soil; soil quality; stems; vegetation
- Abstract:
- ... AIMS: Anthropogenic release of CO₂ is an important factor in the continuing rise in mean global temperature. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) offers a promising technology to capture and sequester CO₂ in deep geological reservoirs. In view of the possible impact of leakage from CCS systems on vegetation, we examined the effects of elevated soil [CO₂] on growth and yield in Zea mays L. METHODS: Mai ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11104-012-1390-5
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1390-5
- Author:
- Black, C.R., et al. ; Lott, J.E.; Ong, C.K.; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Agricultural and forest meteorology 2009 v.149 no.6-7 pp. 1140-1151
- ISSN:
- 0168-1923
- Subject:
- Grevillea robusta; forage legumes; agroforestry; Zea mays; corn; understory; microclimate; grain yield; cropping systems; gas exchange; shade; savannas; plant competition; temperature; heat sums; solar radiation; spatial variation; photosynthetically active radiation; rain; water stress; drought; phenology; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... The influence of dispersed trees on microclimatic conditions, gas exchange and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in a Grevillea robusta-based agroforestry system in semi-arid Kenya was examined to test the hypothesis that the benefits of shade seen in savannah ecosystems may be outweighed by competition for below-ground resources. Meristem temperature, cumulative thermal time, intercepted radiat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.02.002
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.02.002
- Author:
- Black, S.J., et al. ; Leise, B.S.; Faleiros, R.; Watts, M.; Johnson, P.J.; Belknap, J.K.; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Equine veterinary journal 2011 v.43 no.1 pp. 54-61
- ISSN:
- 0425-1644
- Subject:
- Juglans nigra; anesthesia; corn; developmental stages; euthanasia; gene expression; genes; horses; inflammation; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-2; interleukin-4; interleukin-6; lameness; laminitis; messenger RNA; models; pathophysiology; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; starch; temperature; temporal variation; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; wood flour
- Abstract:
- ... Reasons for performing study: There is a need to assess the laminar inflammatory response in a laminitis model that more closely resembles clinical cases of sepsis-related laminitis than the black walnut extract (BWE) model. Objectives: To determine if a similar pattern of laminar inflammation, characterised by proinflammatory cytokine expression, occurs in the CHO model of laminitis as has been p ...
- Author:
- Cameron T. Black, et al. ; Heather F. Pahulu; Michael L. Dunn; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- International journal of food sciences and nutrition 2009 v.60 no.sup7 pp. 219-228
- ISSN:
- 1465-3478
- Subject:
- corn; corn meal; energy density; food aid; soymilk; vegetable oil; viscosity; wheat
- Abstract:
- ... Corn soy blend, wheat soy blend, and corn soy milk are fortified food-aid commodities distributed by the US Government, and often used in complementary feeding programs. The viscosity and energy density of these products was compared in cooked porridges, at concentrations between 8% and 20% (w/w), using a Bostwick consistometer. All three products required nearly 20% addition of dry meal in water ...
- DOI:
- 10.1080/09637480902950605
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480902950605
- Author:
- Black, Roy, et al. ; Xu, Zhiying; Guan, Zhengfei; Jayne, T.S.; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Agricultural economics 2009 v.40 no.4 pp. 437-446
- ISSN:
- 0169-5150
- Subject:
- adults; corn; crop yield; death; draft animals; farms; fertilizer rates; fertilizers; governmental programs and projects; markets; models; prices; profitability; roads; site preparation; surveys; Zambia
- Abstract:
- ... Fertilizer use remains very low in most of Africa despite widespread agreement that much higher use rates are required for sustained agricultural productivity growth. This study uses longitudinal farm survey data to estimate maize yield response functions in a relatively high-potential zone of Zambia to determine the profitability of fertilizer use under a range of small-farm conditions found with ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00384.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00384.x
- Author:
- Colin R. Black, et al. ; Allan D.C. Chilimba; Scott D. Young; Mark C. Meacham; Joachim Lammel; Martin R. Broadley; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Field crops research 2012 v.125 no. pp. 118-128
- ISSN:
- 0378-4290
- Subject:
- application rate; biofortification; calcium ammonium nitrate; corn; crops; farms; fertilizers; food choices; selenium; soil; stover; whole grain foods; Malawi
- Abstract:
- ... Suboptimal dietary Se intake is widespread in Malawi due to low levels of plant-available Se in most soils and narrow food choices. The aim of this study was to determine the potential for biofortifying maize using Se-enriched fertilisers in Malawi. The response of maize to three forms of selenate-Se fertiliser was determined. Crops were treated with a liquid drench of Na₂SeO₄₍ₐq₎ (0–100gSeha⁻¹), ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.08.014
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.08.014
- Author:
- Colin R. Black, et al. ; Edward J. M. Joy; Scott D. Young; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Martin R. Broadley; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Plant and soil 2013 v.368 no.1-2 pp. 129-137
- ISSN:
- 0032-079X
- Subject:
- selenium; wheat; dietary minerals; traditional foods; risk; Estimated Average Requirement; males; balance sheet; phytic acid; calcium; nutrient deficiencies; corn; nutrient databanks; Food and Agriculture Organization; absorption; magnesium; food availability; World Health Organization; crops; Burkina Faso; Eritrea; Malawi
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Dietary mineral deficiencies are widespread in Africa. Our previous studies in Malawi revealed population-level shortfalls in dietary calcium and selenium supply but adequate dietary magnesium (Mg) supply. Here we examine dietary Mg supply throughout Africa. Methods: Food supply data from 1961 to 2007 were compiled using Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Food Balance Sheets (FBSs ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11104-012-1388-z
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1388-z
- Author:
- Colin R. Black, et al. ; Allan D.C. Chilimba; Scott D. Young; Mark C. Meacham; Joachim Lammel; Martin R. Broadley; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Field crops research 2012 v.134 no. pp. 11-18
- ISSN:
- 0378-4290
- Subject:
- biofortification; corn; environmental fate; fertilizer application; fertilizers; food crops; human health; residual effects; selenium; soil types; stable isotopes; Malawi
- Abstract:
- ... The environmental fate and possible residual effects of applied selenium (Se) are important issues when considering sustainable biofortification of food crops to improve human health. Our objectives were to assess residual effects of Se biofortification of maize in Malawi using a combination of â·â´Se-labelling studies and measurements of KHâPOâ-extractable soil Se. Stable â·â´Se isotope t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.04.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.04.010
- Author:
- Black, C. R., et al. ; Siriri, D.; Ong, C. K.; Wilson, J.; Boffa, J. M.; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Agroforestry systems 2010 v.78 no.1 pp. 65-77
- ISSN:
- 0167-4366
- Subject:
- beans; agroforestry; Alnus acuminata; green manures; trees; methodology; crop yield; plant competition; intercropping; Phaseolus; roots; shoots; pruning; Calliandra calothyrsus; Zea mays; corn; Sesbania sesban; terraces; Uganda
- Abstract:
- ... Integration of trees on farms may exert complementary or competitive effects on crop yield. This 4 year study examined novel systems in which Alnus acuminata (alnus), Calliandra calothyrsus (calliandra), Sesbania sesban (sesbania) or a mixture of all three were grown on the degraded upper part of bench terraces in Uganda; beans or maize were grown on the more fertile lower terrace during the short ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s10457-009-9215-0
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9215-0
21. Gas exchange and water use efficiency of trees and maize in agroforestry systems in semi-arid Kenya
- Author:
- Black, C.R., et al. ; Muthuri, C.W.; Ong, C.K.; Craigon, J.; Mati, B.M.; Ngumi, V.W.; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2009 v.129 no.4 pp. 497-507
- ISSN:
- 0167-8809
- Subject:
- agroforestry; gas exchange; Alnus acuminata; Paulownia fortunei; plant competition; interspecific variation; nitrogen content; phenology; transpiration; photosynthesis; leaves; Grevillea robusta; Zea mays; C4 plants; forest trees; soil water content; tropical forests; corn; plant available water; carbon markets; water use efficiency; chlorophyll; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... Improved understanding of the impact of leafing phenology and soil water supplies on the gas exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) of trees in agroforestry systems in the semi-arid tropics is essential to optimise tree/crop interactions and the use of scarce natural resources, particularly in view of recent initiatives to use carbon credits to reward subsistence farmers who plant and manage tree ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.001
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.001
- Author:
- Black, C.R., et al. ; Broadhead, J.S.; Ong, C.K.; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Agroforestry systems 2003 v.58 no.2 pp. 137-148
- ISSN:
- 0167-4366
- Subject:
- Croton; Gliricidia sepium; Melia; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; agroforestry; beans; corn; crop yield; cropping systems; crops; dry season; leaf abscission; leaves; phenology; rain; roots; shade trees; shoots; soil water; tree growth; tropics; wet season; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... The hypothesis that temporal separation of resource use between trees and crops minimises competition for wa ter in agroforestry systems during the cropping period and increases utilisation of annual rainfall was tested at Machakos in semi-arid Kenya. Four popular tree species were chosen to provide a range of leafing phenologies. These included Melia volkensii, which sheds its leaves twice a year ...
- DOI:
- 10.1023/A:1026091921043
- https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026091921043
- Author:
- Black, H.I.J., et al. ; Chamberlain, P.M.; Bull, I.D.; Ineson, P.; Evershed, R.P.; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Soil biology & biochemistry 2006 v.38 no.5 pp. 1146-1157
- ISSN:
- 0038-0717
- Subject:
- Folsomia candida; soil arthropods; diet; soil fungi; Zea mays; Panagrellus redivivus; soil nematodes; fatty acid composition; Cladosporium cladosporioides; isotope labeling; Alnus glutinosa; corn; carbon; feeding behavior; stable isotopes; sterols
- Abstract:
- ... Combined compound-specific stable carbon isotopic methods and fatty acid abundance determinations have been used to examine feeding preferences and C allocation in organisms where direct observation of feeding is difficult. In order to examine the effect of differing diets on the δ13C values of fatty acids and sterols of Collembola, the diets of two collembolan species, Folsomia candida and Proiso ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.015
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.015
- Author:
- Black, C.R., et al. ; Lott, J.E.; Khan, A.A.H.; Ong, C.K.; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Forest ecology and management 2003 v.180 no.1-3 pp. 45–59
- ISSN:
- 0378-1127
- Subject:
- Grevillea robusta; Zea mays; agroforestry; biomass production; corn; crop losses; crop production; cropping systems; crops; dry season; environmental factors; leaf area; overstory; rain; sap flow; soil profiles; transpiration; trees; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... Novel approaches involving a combination of sap flow measurements of transpiration and allometric estimates of biomass production were used to determine seasonal water use by trees and crops in agroforestry systems. The results were used to test the hypothesis that agroforestry may improve productivity by capturing a greater proportion of annual rainfall than annual crops. Grevillea robusta A. Cun ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00603-5
- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00603-5
- Author:
- J. Roy Black, et al. ; H. Holly Wang; Steven D. Hanson; Robert J. Myers; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1998 v.80 no.4 pp. 806-820
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- risk; simulation models; corn; farmers' attitudes; crop insurance; yields; futures trading; Iowa
- Abstract:
- ... The performance of individual farm yield and area yield crop insurance programs is evaluated for a representative Iowa corn farm using numerical optimization of expected utility and simulation techniques. Several different contract design features are studied, including the nature of the yield index which triggers insurance payouts, alternative restrictions on coverage levels, and alternative pric ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244065
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244065
- Author:
- L. D. BLACK, et al. ; S. I. WARWICK; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- new phytologist 1986 v.104 no.4 pp. 661-670
- ISSN:
- 0028-646X
- Subject:
- Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; atrazine; corn; electrophoresis; enzymes; genetic variation; habitats; latitude; phenotype; prediction; wastelands; Ontario
- Abstract:
- ... Patterns of electrophoretic variation in seven enzyme systems were investigated in one triazine‐resistant and nine susceptible populations of Amaranthus retraflexus L. collected along an 800 km north‐south transect in southern Ontario, Canada. The resistant population occurs in a field in which continuous maize production and intensive use of atrazine had been combined over a 15–year period. The n ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00667.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00667.x
- Author:
- Black, L.T., et al. ; Vancauwenberge, J.E.; Bothast, R.J.; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1982 v.30 no.4 pp. 752-754
- ISSN:
- 0021-8561
- Subject:
- water content; corn; preservatives; formaldehyde; ammonia; sulfur dioxide; acetic acid; propionic acid; biomass; alcoholic fermentation; ethanol production; ethanol
- DOI:
- 10.1021/jf00112a031
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00112a031
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; D. Barel; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- Agronomy journal 1979 v.71 no.1 pp. 15-21
- ISSN:
- 0002-1962
- Subject:
- Glycine max; Zea mays; absorption; agronomy; ammonium; corn; foliar application; greenhouse experimentation; leaf area; leaves; orthophosphates; tripolyphosphates
- Abstract:
- ... The suitability of 32 different P compounds for foliar application was tested by using a new technique in which predetermined quantities of P were applied to a fixed leaf area. This made it possible to obtain quantitative data on absorption of added P and on translocation of absorbed P out of the treated area. Presently foliar applications of P are used less than N, one reason being that no P comp ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100010004x
- https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100010004x
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; D. Barel; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- Agronomy journal 1979 v.71 no.1 pp. 21-24
- ISSN:
- 0002-1962
- Subject:
- Glycine max; Zea mays; agronomy; corn; field experimentation; greenhouses; orthophosphates; silt loam soils
- Abstract:
- ... Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) to evaluate the growth response of foliar sprays with several condensed phosphates and P-N compounds. The maximum concentration of P tolerated in solutions of tri- and tetrapolyphosphates applied as sprays in the greenhouse was 1.3% with corn and 1.1% with soybeans. The maximum concentration ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100010005x
- https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100010005x
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; A. G. Caldwell; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 1958 v.22 no.4 pp. 293-296
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- clay; corn; inositols; isomers; nutrients; organic phosphorus; phytic acid; quartz; sand; soil; soil microorganisms; soil parent materials
- Abstract:
- ... Organic phosphorus was accumulated in different soil parent materials, quartz sand, clays, and clay-sand mixtures by adding organic and inorganic nutrients, moistening, inoculating with soil microorganisms, and incubating the materials for several months. The presence of mesoinositol hexaphosphate and a supposed isomer of this compound was demonstrated in these materials after incubation but not b ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200040007x
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200040007x
- Author:
- H. I. J. Black, et al. ; L. G. Firbank; M. S. Heard; I. P. Woiwod; C. Hawes; A. J. Haughton; G. T. Champion; R. J. Scott; M. O. Hill; A. M. Dewar; G. R. Squire; M. J. May; D. R. Brooks; D. A. Bohan; R. E. Daniels; J. L. Osborne; D. B. Roy; P. Rothery; J. N. Perry; Show all 19 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of applied ecology 2003 v.40 no.1 pp. 2-16
- ISSN:
- 0021-8901
- Subject:
- Brassica napus; agricultural land; beets; biodiversity; birds; corn; crop management; environmental impact; experimental design; farmers; genetic engineering; geography; herbicide resistance; herbicides; invertebrates; models; space and time; United Kingdom
- Abstract:
- ... 1 Several genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant (GMHT) crops have cleared most of the regulatory hurdles required for commercial growing in the United Kingdom. However, concerns have been expressed that their management will have negative impacts on farmland biodiversity as a result of improved control given by the new herbicide regimes of the arable plants that support farmland birds and other ...
- DOI:
- 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00787.x
- https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00787.x
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; J. R. Webb; O. Kempthorne; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 1956 v.20 no.2 pp. 186-189
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- corn; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; prediction; superphosphate; water solubility; water soluble phosphorus
- Abstract:
- ... A method is described by means of which the availability coefficient of citrate-soluble relative to that of water-soluble phosphorus may be evaluated when mixtures of the two phosphorus fractions are present in different proportions in two or more fertilizers. Knowledge of the relative availability coefficients of these two fractions, together with knowledge of the percentage content of the fracti ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj1956.03615995002000020012x
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1956.03615995002000020012x
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; R. F. White; O. Kempthorne; J. R. Webb; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 1956 v.20 no.2 pp. 179-186
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- corn; crop yield; fertilizers; least squares; phosphorus; scientific illustration; soil; taxon descriptions
- Abstract:
- ... Response curves produced when plants are grown on soils treated with different rates of fertilizers are used as the basis for estimating the ratio of the availability coefficient of a nutrient in one fertilizer to that in another. A least squares method is described and illustrated for fitting each of three types of response curves. Concurrent linear response curves are illustrated by data on yiel ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj1956.03615995002000020011x
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1956.03615995002000020011x
- Author:
- C. A. Black, et al. ; J. R. Guttay; J. A. Stritzel; A. J. Englehorn; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Agronomy journal 1957 v.49 no.2 pp. 98-101
- ISSN:
- 0002-1962
- Subject:
- agronomy; corn; greenhouses; phosphorus; phosphorus content; seed weight; soil
- Abstract:
- ... SynopsisThe weight of young corn plants in soil cultures in the greenhouse was found to increase with the content of phosphorus present naturally in the seed independently of seed weight. In field experiments, supplementation of the natural phosphorus content of each seed with 6 mg. of P as NaH₂PO₄·H₂O applied in a glue coating resulted in an average corn yield 4.5 bu. per acre above that produced ...
- DOI:
- 10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900020011x
- https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900020011x