An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... A novel Brønsted acidic heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid (IL) ([MIMPS]₃PW₁₂O₄₀) was synthesized and employed to catalyze the Baeyer-Villiger (BV) reaction to produce ε-Caprolactone (ε-CL). Noteblely, the prepared IL catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to solid acid catalysts duo to its behavior of reaction-induced self-separation. It meaned that the IL catalyst could switch fro ...
... 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a toxic persistent pollutant is quite difficult treatment by using traditional biological processes. Herein, photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) driven cometabolic biodegradation system associated with exogeneous carbon sources (e.g., sodium acetate) has been demonstrated as an effective microbial technique. The biodegradation rate (rᵢ) can be at 0.041 d⁻¹ with degradation effic ...
... Three kinds of the bipyridine-proline chiral ligands as highly active species were successfully introduced on Zn-modified mesoporous silica nanomaterials (BMMs, MCM-41, and SBA-15) via the covalent attachment and coordination methods. Their microstructural features and physicochemical properties were extensively characterized via XRD patterns, SEM/TEM images, TGA profiles, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra ...
... Daphenylline is a structurally unique member of the triterpenoid Daphniphyllum natural alkaloids, which exhibit intriguing biological activities. Six total syntheses have been reported, five of which utilize aromatization approaches. Herein, we report a concise protecting-group-free total synthesis by means of a novel intramolecular oxidative dearomatization reaction, which concurrently generates ...
... This study reports the guest molecular conformation selectivity of a clathrate hydrate and lattice shrunk by hydrogen bonds between the guest and host water frameworks. Cyclohexanol (CHnol) exhibited two conformations (equatorial and axial structures) with small energy differences. The Rietveld refinement results of the powder X-ray diffraction profiles of two structure II (sII) hydrates enclosing ...
Lewis bases; chemical reactions; cyclohexanones; diastereoselectivity; indoles; regioselectivity; stereochemistry
Abstract:
... We describe a new synthetic reaction that generates all-carbon bis-quaternary centers at the opposing side of α-carbons in cyclohexanone with four different substituents in a controlled manner. Catalyzed by Cu(MeCN)₄BF₄ salt, this chemistry is proposed to proceed via an intermediacy of unsymmetrical O-allyl oxyallyl cations, which undergo a sequence of regioselective nucleophilic addition with sub ...
... Lewis acidity was introduced into zeolite Y (Si/Al = 30) by a facile ion-exchange of aluminum cations followed by calcination. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen physisorption suggest that the zeolitic framework is retained after these treatments. With an increase in the total extra-framework aluminum in the modified zeolites, there was a pronounced increase in the number of Lewis acid sites, as illus ...
... The introduction of amines onto aromatics without metal catalysts and chemical oxidants is synthetically challenging. Herein, we report the first example of an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative aromatization (ECDA) reaction of saturated cyclohexanones and amines to construct anilines without additional metal catalysts and chemical oxidants. This reaction exhibits a broad scope of cyclohexanone ...
... Cyclohexanone and benzoquinone are important chemicals in chemical and manufacturing industries. The simultaneous production of cyclohexanone and benzoquinone by the reaction of phenol and water is an ideal route for the economical production of the two chemicals. In principle, this can be achieved in an electrochemical reaction system that couples the cathodic reduction of phenol to cyclohexanone ...
catalytic activity; cyclohexanones; density functional theory; electric field; electrochemistry; electrodes; oils; oxidation; prediction
Abstract:
... To further improve the capability of flow electrochemistry, the multistage plug-flow electrochemical membrane reactor (PF-ECMR) with membrane electrode was developed for enhancing the oxidation of cyclohexane (CHA) to produce KA oil (mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone). The catalytic results demonstrated that the CHA conversion and the selectivity to KA oil were up to 95.6% and > 99%, which ...
... This work reports the fabrication of blue luminescent bioplastic PLA films on doping with 4-chloro and 4-fluoro substituted bisarylidene cyclohexanone derivatives A and B. The successful doping of A and B to host matrix was evidenced by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The appearance of an absorption band at 1665 cm⁻¹ owing to the conjugated alkene stretching frequency for bischalcones approv ...
... In this work, a novel “foaming” strategy uses sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and ammonium oxalate ((NH₄)₂C₂O₄) as the foaming agent, turning biomass-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into N-doped porous carbon. Highly active palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) immobilized on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Pd@MC(2)-P) are produced through a phosphate-mediation approach. The phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) bec ...
... In the present study, 2-(2-Amino-3-((4-bromophenyl) diazenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl) cyclohexanone (PPC) as an organic ligand was evaluated in the liquid-liquid (water-chloroform) extraction to extract Th (IV) from thorium sulphate solution. The characterisation of the ligand was carried out using elemental analysis, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonanc ...
... Reaction of NacNacGa with azide N₃SiMe₃ results in the generation of a transient imide NacNacGa(NSiMe₃) that can cleave unactivated sp³ C–H and sp² C–H bonds of different substrates, affording gallium amides. Pyridine, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, DMSO, and triethylphosphine oxide were activated in this process producing corresponding gallium amides. All new compounds were characterised by multi ...
... Compositions of volatile oil from Lagerstroemia indica L. were reported for the first time. Out of 114 components where 58, 63, 67 and 61 compounds were identified from the white, pink, mauve, carmine flower with yields of 0.92%, 1.15%, 1.12% and 1.08%, respectively. Main compounds of white flower were 2-methyl-cyclopentanone (9.41%), m-xylene (7.53%) while the pink, carmine flower contained octac ...
... A formal synthesis of arboridinine has been achieved. In this synthesis, a double-Mannich reaction of the complex multisubstituted cyclohexanone was used to form the core skeleton of arboridinine. ...
... Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst has been used as a crude drug for treating various respiratory ailments, dysentery, cataract and liver disorders in the folk medicine systems by the inhabitants of America and Mexico. The Phytochemical and biological investigation was established by spectrophotometrically and chemical profiling was performed by GC–MS analysis. The chemical profiling by G ...
... The aims of this study were to assess the large-scale extraction and recovery of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biosynthesized by mixed microbial consortia (MMC) that was fed fermented dairy manure at the pilot level using green solvents (ethanol, cyclohexanone (CYC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)). The reflux extraction procedure with CYC for 3 h at 130 °C and DMC for 4 h at 9 ...
active sites; alkali treatment; benzene; catalysts; catalytic activity; cyclohexanones; guaiacol; hydrogen; mass transfer; oxidation; phenol; renewable energy sources; zeolites; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... Catalytic hydrotreating of guaiacol as a model compound was investigated using bifunctional catalysts constituted of Ni supported on chemically modified zeolites with increased mesoporosity. In the reaction conditions, the hydrogen required for the process was generated in situ by the Zn–H₂O redox system, which represents a promising green alternative to the use of gaseous hydrogen. The guaiacol h ...
catalysts; catalytic activity; crystal structure; cyclohexanones; hydrogenation; mass transfer; nylon; phenol; process design; surface area
Abstract:
... One-step hydrogenation of phenol is a green approach to produce cyclohexanone, an important intermediate for the synthesis of nylon. The design and fabrication of high-performance catalysts still present a great challenge. Herein, a series of triazinyl covalent organic frameworks (PC-COFs) were prepared by adjusting the synthesis time using a solvothermal method, and then, Pd@PC-COF catalysts were ...
... A highly stable Pd-loaded N-doped carbon catalyst (ACNₚd) for phenol hydrogenation was prepared from chitosan by hydrothermal carbonization. ACNₚd does not require a reduction step before catalytic use due to the Pd in the as-prepared catalyst mainly exists in the form of Pd⁰ (80%). The carbon support involves N-containing groups such as pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen, which could provid ...
... Design of catalyst particles bearing excellent diffusion performance and suitable surface wettability is of great importance to the successful application of Pickering interfacial catalysis. In this study, selective oxidation reactions over hydrophobized hollow TS-1 zeolite were applied as probe reactions to investigate the influence of catalyst diffusion performance closely related to mesopore si ...
... MAIN CONCLUSION: The discovery of three iridoid synthases (GjISY, GjISY2 and GjISY4) from Gardenia jasminoides and their functional characterization increase the understanding of iridoid scaffold/iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in iridoid-producing plants. Iridoids are a class of noncanonical monoterpenes that are found naturally in the plant kingdom mostly as glycosides. Over 40 iridoid glycosides ...
... The structural heterogeneity of surface metal species, which is represented by the distribution in size, morphology, and local coordination environment of the active metal component, is almost inevitable in practical supported metal catalysts. This is often regarded as a major hindrance to the full utilization of metal loading and the high mass-specific catalytic activity. In this work, by quantit ...
... The energy and environmental crises urge us to develop a green and sustainable catalytic strategy to achieve chemical transformation. Thus, light-irradiated thermal energy, green hydrogen generated from water electrolysis, and natural cellulose were combined into a catalytic system for phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone in this article. The cellulose containing abundant hydroxyl groups improves ...
... The amination of phenol to aniline is a sustainable method to replace the traditional synthesis of primary aniline by nitrobenzene–hydrogenation and halobenzene–amination. Under a hydrogen atmosphere, the supported Pd catalyst exhibits significant activity in phenol amination with various amines, but the selectivity to primary aniline is poor. Here, we showed that the phenol amination to aniline c ...
... Two Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts are examined for the vapor phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over the temperature range of 60–200 °C. A 1 wt % catalyst is selected as a reference material that is diluted with γ-alumina to produce a 0.3 wt % sample, which is representative of a metal loading linked to a candidate industrial specification aniline synthesis catalyst. Cyclohexanone oxime is identified as a ...
... Plants and phytoplankton are natural sources of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acetone and isoprene, which are reactive and can alter atmospheric chemistry. In earlier research we reported that, when co‐cultured with a diatom, the marine bacterium Pelagibacter (strain HTCC1062; ‘SAR11 clade’) reduced the concentration of compounds tentatively identified as acetone and isoprene. In this stud ...
... A novel strategy for the preparation of functional carbazoles through NaI-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of 2-(indol-3-yl)cyclohexanones and alkynes/alkenes has been developed. The present approach started from easily available raw materials and provided a variety of tetrahydrobenzo[c]carbazolones in satisfactory yields under metal- and solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the products could ...
... Nanoparticles are of interest in heterogeneous catalysis because of their excellent activity associated with atoms in a low coordination environment. However, their high reactivity becomes a drawback where selectivity is desired, compounded by their propensity towards agglomeration. Here, we show that stable subnanometric Rh particles can be prepared in a Mg-doped zeolite Beta based on the electro ...
... A mild two-step synthetic approach for the preparation of structurally valuable indolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazines has been developed. In this work, cyclohexanone was used as the key bridge to connect the indole and phenothiazine frameworks to construct a structurally valuable indole-fused derivative. The present protocol achieved the cascade construction of multiple C–hetero bonds, ...
Lewis acids; acetone; active sites; aerogels; ascorbic acid; capacitance; carbon; carbonization; catalysts; chitosan; cyclohexanones; electrochemical capacitors; electrodes; energy density; fluorescence; glycine (amino acid); hydrogenation; ionic liquids; nitrogen; phenol; quantum dots; temperature; vapors; water solubility
Abstract:
... Carbon aerogels are prepared by a thermal treating-freeze drying approach from chitosan, with glycine hydrochloride ionic liquid (IL) acting as solvent and nitrogen source. Different post-treatments such as ball milling and high temperature carbonization are employed to functionalize the obtained carbon aerogels with tuned properties, making it promising candidates as fluorescence material (NACs-Q ...
... Pyrolysis of ammonium alginate films containing Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃ leads to the formation of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported on defective graphene films. The procedure allows controlling the preferential facet orientation of small Ru NPs (5–20 nm), either 002 when the pyrolysis is carried out under Ar atmosphere or the 002 and 101 planes for pyrolysis in the presence of H₂. Ru is a metal difficult to pr ...
Adam X. Wayment; Mariur Rodriguez Moreno; Carter J. Jones; Gabriel J. Smith; Parker Jarman; Nayeli J. Garcia Morin; Morgan J. Coombs; Jacob A. Parkman; Connor D. Barlow; Stacy Allington Smith; Scott R. Burt; David J. Michaelis
... We describe a proof-of-concept study in which peptide-bound enamine and thiourea catalysts are used to facilitate the conjugate addition of cyclohexanone to nitroolefins. Our bifunctional peptide scaffold is modified to optimize the local environment around both catalysts to enhance both reactivity and enantioselectivity, affording selectivities of ≤95% ee. Circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic res ...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; activation energy; anhydrides; caprolactam; cyclohexanones; enthalpy; kinetics; process design; reaction mechanisms; temperature
Abstract:
... The kinetics of the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) catalyzed by trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is proposed in this work. The effects of experimental parameters on the reaction rate are studied in microreactors, including CHO concentration, TFAA concentration, temperature, and caprolactam (CPL) concentration. The reaction is verified as first-or ...
... This work reports a complementary descriptor to acidity for metal cations - oxygen affinity, to scale the interaction strength of metal cations with oxygenate groups. A method for measuring oxygen affinity is developed in alkyl methylimidazolium chloride solvents using in-situ far infrared (FIR) spectroscopy. The relative oxygen affinity values of metal cations in metal chlorides with model compou ...
... Reductive catalysis by zero-valent palladium nanoparticles (Pd⁰NPs) has emerged as an efficient strategy for promoting the detoxification of chlorophenols (CPs) via hydrogenation. Most studies achieved hydrodechlorination of CP to phenol for detoxification, but it requires considerably high energy input and harsh conditions to further hydrosaturate phenol to cyclohexanone (CHN) as the most desired ...
... There are few reports concentrated on the interactions between lipophilic surfactants and hydrophobized hollow TS-1 zeolite particles in the stabilization of emulsions. In this study, hydrophobized hollow TS-1 zeolite particles were synthesized and applied as emulsifier to stabilize the W/O Pickering emulsions employing cyclohexanone and water, and the influence of addition of lipophilic Span 80 o ...
air; alcohols; alloy nanoparticles; alloys; catalysts; catalytic activity; chemical industry; crystal structure; cyclohexanones; hot water treatment; molybdenum; nanowires; oils; oxidation; polyvinylpyrrolidone; temperature
Abstract:
... The highly selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil) is one of the most challenging issues in the chemical industry. However, the difficulty in attaining high selectivity and high conversion rate in parallel for the existing catalysts limits its practical application. In this paper, a novel photo-thermo synergistic catalyst was reported for the aerobic oxidation ...
... Hollow structure nanoreactors take advantage of catalyst loading and enhanced activity by shell construction. In this work, functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with hollow spherical structures were synthesized by polymerization- and quaternization-based approaches. These hollow structure PILs (HPILs) could be controllable designed from IL monomer easily, giving HPILs various properties. In t ...
... Amination of cyclohexanol was investigated in vapour phase over copper catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15. The different products identified during reductive amination of cyclohexanol reaction were cyclohexanone, cyclohexylamine, along with small amounts of N-Cyclohexylidinecyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine. Among several catalysts tested for the reductive amination, 5% Cu supported on S ...
... A deep eutectic solvent (DES) with adjustable Brønsted acidity was prepared easily by choline chloride (ChCl) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The obtained DES [ChCl][TfOH]₃ exhibited great stability and excellent catalytic performance in the Beckmann rearrangement reaction as solvent and catalyst. High cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) conversion (100%) and ε-caprolactam selectivity (98.8%) were ...
autoxidation; benzaldehyde; carbon nanotubes; catalysts; catalytic activity; cyclohexanones; graphene; nitrogen; oxidants; oxygen; plastics; process design; pyridines; raw materials
Abstract:
... As an important raw material for the synthesis of polycaprolactone, a significant alternative for the nondegradable plastic, ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomer is typically produced through the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone (Cy═O). In this work, a solvent-free, highly efficient, and nonmetallic catalytic system was developed to produce the ε-CL monomer with dioxygen as the oxidant and benz ...
... The coal chemical wastewater (CCW) was treated by anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB-MFC) with macroporous adsorptive resin (MAR) as fluidized particle. Isosteric heat calculation and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) have been performed to study the interaction between organics of CCW and MAR. The isosteric heat of MAR to m-cresol was the largest at 65.4961 kJ/mol, followed by phe ...
cyclohexanones; magnetic materials; magnetism; nanocatalysts; tryptophan
Abstract:
... In this work, l-tryptophan functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were readily prepared and evaluated as a recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-4′-carbonitrile derivatives through the one-pot four-component reaction of malononitrile, cyclohexanone, aromatic aldehydes, and 1,3-indandione. This novel magnetic nanocatalyst was confirmed to ...
... The rapid synthesis of cyclic scaffolds is of high importance to the chemistry community. Strategies for the convergent synthesis of substituted carbocycles and heterocycles remain underexplored despite the plethora of applications that these cyclic motifs have in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Reported herein is a tandem carbene and photoredox-catalyzed process for the convergent sy ...
... New solid acid catalysts were prepared by bisphenol A, paraformaldehyde and chlorosulfonic acid, and applied to hydroxylalkylation/alkylation (HAA) of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and cyclohexanone. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the conversion of 2-MF reached 99% and the yield of 5,5′-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methylfuran) acquired 98%. The activity and catalytic efficiency were higher than ...
activated carbon; adsorption; catalysts; catalytic activity; cyclohexanones; density functional theory; energy; green chemistry; hydrogen; hydrogenation; nickel oxide; temperature
Abstract:
... Activated carbon supported bimetallic Ni-based catalysts were prepared and applied in the selective hydrogenation of nitrocyclohexane (NCH) to cyclohexanone oxime (CHO). The characterization results show that the introduction of the metal promoter can inhibit Ni nanoparticle agglomeration and sintering. Among these bimetallic catalysts, the Cu-Ni/AC catalyst shows the best catalytic performance. T ...
... A variety of chalcones were synthesized in good yields by the activated charcoal-mediated aldol reactions between benzaldehydes and acetophenones catalyzed by NaOH in water. 2,6-Bis((E)-benzylidene)cyclohexan-1-ones were prepared by the aldol reactions between benzaldehydes and cyclohexanone. Activated charcoal could be recycled five times without the significant decrease of yields. ...
... Many researchers have contributed to the assembly of zeolitic nanosheets and nanocrystallites into three-dimensional (3D) networks as it can remarkably improve the catalytic and/or adsorptive performances of zeolites. However, the applications of these synthesized materials are seriously limited because of low hydrothermal stability. A highly interesting strategy, but a great challenge, is the ali ...