Subject: defense mechanisms and phenotype

1. Abnormal callose response phenotype and hypersusceptibility to Peronospora parasitica in defense-compromised Arabidopsis nim1-1 and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants

Author:: Donofrio, N.M.; Delaney, T.P.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2001 v.14 no.4 pp. 439-450
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; phenotype; callose; transgenic plants; host plants; fungal diseases of plants; Peronospora parasitica; salicylic acid; mutants; induced resistance; oxygenases; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... To investigate the impact of induced host defenses on the virulence of a compatible Peronospora parasitica strain on Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined growth and development of this pathogen in nim1-1 mutants and transgenic salicylate hydroxylase plants. These plants are unable to respond to or accumulate salicylic acid (SA), respectively, are defective in expression of systemic acquired resistanc ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.4.439
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.4.439

2. Additional resistance gene(s) against Cladosporium fulvum present on the Cf-9 introgression segment are associated with strong PR protein accumulation

Author:: Lauge, R.; Dmitriev, A.P.; Joosten, M.H.A.J.; Wit, P.J.G.M. de.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1998 v.11 no.4 pp. 301-308
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: cell wall components; protein synthesis; genetic resistance; conidia; sporulation; phenotype; defense mechanisms; Passalora fulva; hypersensitive response; Solanum pimpinellifolium; genotype; introgression; disease resistance; mutants; chlorosis; mesophyll; mycelium; pathogenesis-related proteins; leaves; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:: ... The existence of a gene or genes conferring weak resistance against the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, in addition to the Cf-9 resistance gene, present on the Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Cf-9 segment intro- gressed into L. esculentum, was demonstrated with strains of C. fulvum lacking a functional Avr9 avirulence gene and tomato genotypes lacking a functional Cf-9 gene, respectively ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.4.301
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.4.301

3. A haplotype-specific resistance gene regulated by BONZAI1 mediates temperature-dependent growth control in Arabidopsis

Author:: Yang, S.; Hua, J.
Source:: plant cell 2004 v.16 no.4 pp. 1060-1071
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; plant growth; air temperature; plant proteins; binding proteins; mutants; phenotype; structural genes; nucleotide sequences; disease resistance; defense mechanisms; fungal diseases of plants; Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica; plant pathogenic fungi; salicylic acid
Abstract:: ... Plant growth homeostasis and defense responses are regulated by BONZAI1 (BON1), an evolutionarily conserved gene. Here, we show that growth regulation by BON1 is mediated through defense responses. BON1 is a negative regulator of a haplotype-specific Resistance (R) gene SNC1. The bon1-1 loss-of-function mutation activates SNC1, leading to constitutive defense responses and, consequently, reduced c ...
DOI:: 10.1105/tpc.020479
PubMed:: 15031411
PubMed Central:: PMC412877
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.020479

4. A humidity-sensitive Arabidopsis copine mutant exhibits precocious cell death and increased disease resistance

Author:: Jambunathan, N.; Siani, J.M.; McNellis, T.W.
Source:: plant cell 2001 v.13 no.10 pp. 2225-2240
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; mutants; relative humidity; apoptosis; disease resistance; genetic resistance; phospholipids; binding proteins; defense mechanisms; virulence; gene expression; amino acid sequences; nucleotide sequences; phenotype; pathogenesis-related proteins; hypersensitive response
Abstract:: ... The copines are a newly identified class of calcium-dependent, phospholipid binding proteins that are present in a wide range of organisms, including Paramecium, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse, and human. However, the biological functions of the copines are unknown. Here, we describe a humidity-sensitive copine mutant in Arabidopsis. Under nonpermissive, low-humidity conditions, the cpn1-1 ...
PubMed:: 11595798
PubMed Central:: PMC139155

5. Altered lignin structure and resistance to pathogens in spi 2-expressing tobacco plants

Author:: Elfstrand, M.; Sitbon, F.; Lapierre, C.; Bottin, A.; Arnold, S. von.
Source:: Planta 2002 v.214 no.5 pp. 708-716
ISSN:: 0032-0935
Subject:: Pectobacterium carotovorum; phenotype; stems; transgenic plants; Picea abies; gene expression; peroxidases; Nicotiana tabacum; disease resistance; Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica; enzyme activity; lignin; promoter regions; chemical structure; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The physiological role of the Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] spi 2 gene, encoding a defense-related cationic peroxidase was examined in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Expression of spi 2, under control of the 35S promoter, in tobacco plants resulted in higher total peroxidase activities. The phenotype of the spi 2-transformed lines was normal. The spi 2-transformed lines displ ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00425-001-0681-5
PubMed:: 11882939
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-001-0681-5

6. A major gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in western white pine from the Western Cascade Range

Author:: Kinloch, B.B. Jr.; Sniezko, R.A.; Barnes, G.D.; Greathouse, T.E.
Source:: Phytopathology 1999 v.89 no.10 pp. 861-867
ISSN:: 0031-949X
Subject:: penetrance; rust diseases; genetic resistance; Cronartium ribicola; loci; Pinus monticola; seedlings; phenotype; gene expression; conifer needles; disease resistance; seed orchards; major genes; inheritance (genetics); virulence; hypersensitive response; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... A dominant gene for resistance to white pine blister was indicated by Mendelian segregation in full-sib families of western white pine parent trees selected for phenotypic resistance in six heavily infected stands in the Western Cascades of Oregon and Washington. Seedlings were artificially inoculated three times between 1959 and 1964 and observed for development of stem infection. Segregation at ...
DOI:: 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.10.861
PubMed:: 18944728
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.10.861

7. A new strategy of immune evasion by influenza A virus: Inhibition of monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells

Author:: Boliar, Saikat; Chambers, Thomas M.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2010 v.136 no.3-4 pp. 201-210
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: human influenza; immune evasion; phenotype; monocytes; immunosuppression; hosts; Influenza A virus; dendritic cells; horses; cytokines; avian influenza; immune response; virus replication; pathogenesis; cell differentiation; equine influenza; in vitro studies; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... Dendritic cells (DC) play a versatile role in orchestrating immune responses against influenza virus. During inflammation or infection, monocytes preferentially differentiate to generate DCs. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro infection of monocytes with influenza virus impairs their development into DCs. Influenza infection of monocytes, pre-treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 for DC differentiation, wa ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.03.004
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.03.004

8. Anti-microbial susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina

Author:: Denamiel, G.; Llorente, P.; Carabella, M.; Rebuelto, M.; Gentilini, E.
Source:: Zoonoses and public health 2005 v.52 no.3 pp. 125-128
ISSN:: 0931-1793
Subject:: drug therapy; phenotype; antibiotic resistance; minimum inhibitory concentration; cattle; penicillins; clindamycin; strain differences; Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae; Streptococcus uberis; Streptococcus agalactiae; erythromycin; bovine mastitis; in vitro studies; defense mechanisms; Argentina
Abstract:: ... The in vitro susceptibility to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by the disc diffusion test and by E-test for a total of 47 streptococcal strains (three Streptococcus uberis, 36 Streptococcus agalactiae, eight Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp. dysgalactiae) isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina. Moreover, resistance phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant str ...
DOI:: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00830.x
PubMed:: 15876224
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00830.x

9. A pepper RING‐type E3 ligase, CaASRF1, plays a positive role in drought tolerance via modulation of CaAIBZ1 stability

Author:: Joo, Hyunhee; Lim, Chae Woo; Lee, Sung Chul
Source:: Theplant journal 2019 v.98 no.1 pp. 5-18
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Arabidopsis; Capsicum annuum; abscisic acid; defense mechanisms; drought; drought tolerance; gain-of-function mutation; genes; loss-of-function mutation; pepper; phenotype; sodium chloride; stomatal movement; stress response; ubiquitin-protein ligase; ubiquitins; water stress
Abstract:: ... Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms to adapt and survive under adverse growth conditions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that plays a pivotal role in the stress response, especially regulation of the stomatal aperture in response to drought. Here, we identified the pepper CaASRF1 (Capsicum annuum ABA Sensitive RING Finger E3 ligase 1) gene, which modulates drought stress toleranc ...
DOI:: 10.1111/tpj.14191
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14191

10. Apoptosis and aging: increased resistance to apoptosis enhances the aging process

Author:: Salminen, Antero; Ojala, Johanna; Kaarniranta, Kai
Source:: Cellular and molecular life sciences 2011 v.68 no.6 pp. 1021-1031
ISSN:: 1420-682X
Subject:: apoptosis; defense mechanisms; epigenetics; inflammation; microRNA; molecular chaperones; phenotype
Abstract:: ... Apoptosis is a vital component in the evolutionarily conserved host defense system. Apoptosis is the guardian of tissue integrity by removing unfit and injured cells without evoking inflammation. However, apoptosis seems to be a double-edged sword since during low-level chronic stress, such as in aging, increased resistance to apoptosis can lead to the survival of functionally deficient, post-mito ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00018-010-0597-y
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0597-y

11. A proteomic study of resistance to Brown Ring disease in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

Author:: Smits, M.; Artigaud, S.; Bernay, B.; Pichereau, V.; Bargelloni, L.; Paillard, C.
Source:: Fish & shellfish immunology 2020 v.99 pp. 641-653
ISSN:: 1050-4648
Subject:: Ruditapes philippinarum; Vibrio tapetis; amino acid sequences; antibiotics; bacteria; clams; defense mechanisms; disease control; disinfection; energy metabolism; homeostasis; host-pathogen relationships; infectious diseases; juveniles; liquid chromatography; lysosomes; mass spectrometry; mollusc culture; pathogens; phenotype; protein content; proteins; proteomics; transcriptome
Abstract:: ... Marine mollusk aquaculture has more than doubled over the past twenty years, accounting for over 15% of total aquaculture production in 2016. Infectious disease is one of the main limiting factors to the development of mollusk aquaculture, and the difficulties inherent to combating pathogens through antibiotic therapies or disinfection have led to extensive research on host defense mechanisms and ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.002
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.002

12. Arabidopsis RAR1 exerts rate-limiting control of R gene-mediated defenses against multiple pathogens

Author:: Muskett, P.R.; Kahn, K.; Austin, M.J.; Moisan, L.J.; Sadanandom, A.; Shirasu, K.; Jones, J.D.G.; Parker, J.E.
Source:: plant cell 2002 v.14 no.5 pp. 979-992
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare; genes; plant proteins; binding proteins; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; mutants; Peronospora parasitica; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; gene expression; mutation; phenotype; fungal diseases of plants
Abstract:: ... We have identified the Arabidopsis ortholog of barley RAR1 as a component of resistance specified by multiple nucleotide binding/Leu-rich repeat resistance (R) genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates. Characterization of partially and fully defective rar1 mutations revealed that wild-type RAR1 acts as a rate-limiting regulator of early R gene-triggered defenses, determ ...
PubMed:: 12034891
PubMed Central:: PMC150601

13. Arabidopsis thaliana EDS4 contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent expression of defense responses: evidence for inhibition of jasmonic acid signaling by SA

Author:: Gupta, V.; Willits, M.G.; Glazebrook, J.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2000 v.13 no.5 pp. 503-511
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; phenotype; jasmonic acid; mutation; biochemical pathways; gene expression; salicylic acid; homozygosity; pathogenesis-related proteins; Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola; defense mechanisms
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.5.503
PubMed:: 10796016
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.5.503

14. A semi-dominant mutation in a CC-NB-LRR-type protein leads to a short-root phenotype in rice

Author:: Yu, Zhiming; Dong, Lixiang; Jiang, Zhifang; Yi, Keke; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Zhongchen; Zhu, Zhenxing; Wu, Yuhuan; Xu, Maojun; Ni, Jun
Source:: Rice 2018 v.11 no.1 pp. 54
ISSN:: 1939-8425
Subject:: amino acid substitution; defense mechanisms; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; homozygosity; leaves; leucine; molecular cloning; mutants; nitric oxide; pathogens; phenotype; reactive oxygen species; rice; root tips; shoots; tobacco; transcriptomics
Abstract:: ... The mechanisms of plant defense against pathogen attack in plant leaves have been extensively studied. However, our understanding of plant defense mechanisms in plant roots is still limited. In this study, a semi-dominant mutant nrtp1-D (necrotic root tip 1), with a short-root phenotype, was characterized in rice. Map-based cloning revealed that NRTP1 encoded a typical coiled-coil nucleotide bindi ...
DOI:: 10.1186/s12284-018-0250-1
PubMed:: 30284062
PubMed Central:: PMC6170248
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12284-018-0250-1

15. A signal transfer system through three compartments transduces the plant cell contact-dependent signal controlling Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes

Author:: Brito, B.; Aldon, D.; Barberis, P.; Boucher, C.; Genin, S.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2002 v.15 no.2 pp. 109-119
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Ralstonia solanacearum; genes; protein secretion; defense mechanisms; host range; gene expression; cytoplasm; bacterial proteins; cell membranes; pathogenicity; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; host plants; plant diseases and disorders; mutation; phenotype
Abstract:: ... Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes encode a type III secretion system required for disease development in host plants and for hypersensitive response elicitation on non-hosts. hrp genes are expressed in the presence of plant cells through the HrpB regulator. This activation, which requires physical interaction between the bacteria and the plant cell, is sensed by the outer membrane receptor PrhA. Pr ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.2.109
PubMed:: 11876423
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.2.109

16. A tomato homeobox gene (HD-Zip) is involved in limiting the spread of programmed cell death

Author:: Mayda, E.; Tornero, P.; Conejero, V.; Vera, P.
Source:: The plant journal 1999 v.20 no.5 pp. 591-600
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; apoptosis; antisense DNA; transgenic plants; gene expression; protein synthesis; leaves; defense mechanisms; ethylene production; salicylic acid; virulence; plant pathogens; oxidation; transcription factors; nucleotide sequences; complementary DNA; phenotype; regulator genes
Abstract:: ... Antisense suppression in transgenic tomato plants of H52, a gene encoding a new homeodomain protein of the HD-Zip class, produces a conditional lethal phenotype. The transgenic lines that survive exhibit spontaneous misregulation of cell death control in leaves, which, once initiated, propagates and engulfs the entire leaf. Activation of defence genes, over-accumulation of ethylene and conjugated ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00633.x
PubMed:: 10652131
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00633.x

17. A transient assay system for the functional assessment of defense-related genes in wheat

Author:: Schweizer, P.; Pokorny, J.; Abderhalden, O.; Dudler, R.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1999 v.12 no.8 pp. 647-654
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: biolistics; phenotype; molecular weight; assays; transgenic plants; plasmid vectors; plant proteins; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; gene expression; fungi; Triticum aestivum; reporter genes; cell wall components; enzyme activity; histochemistry; beta-glucuronidase; leaves; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The generation and characterization of transgenic wheat plants is a tedious and time-consuming process that limits the number of putatively important transgenes that can be tested. We therefore established a transient assay system based on wheat leaves to study the effect of transiently expressed genes on the interaction with the wheat powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe (syn. Blumeria) graminis f. sp. ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.8.647
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.8.647

18. Changes in secondary metabolism and deposition of an unusual lignin in the ref8 mutant of Arabidopsis

Author:: Franke, R.; Hemm, M.R.; Denault, J.W.; Ruegger, M.O.; Humphreys, J.M.; Chapple, C.
Source:: The plant journal 2002 v.30 no.1 pp. 47-59
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; phenotype; defense mechanisms; biochemical pathways; secondary metabolites; genes; mutants; disease resistance; chemical constituents of plants; enzyme activity; oxygenases; phenolic compounds
Abstract:: ... The end products of the phenylpropanoid pathway play important roles in plant structure and development as well as in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. From a human perspective, phenylpropanoid pathway-derived metabolites influence both human health and the potential utility of plants in agricultural contexts. The last known enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that ha ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01267.x
PubMed:: 11967092
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01267.x

19. Characterization and genetic analysis of the oshpl3 rice lesion mimic mutant showing spontaneous cell death and enhanced bacterial blight resistance

Author:: Tu, Ranran; Wang, Hong; Liu, Qunen; Wang, Dongfei; Zhou, Xingpeng; Xu, Peng; Zhang, Yinxing; Wu, Weixun; Chen, Daibo; Cao, Liyong; Cheng, Shihua; Shen, Xihong
Source:: Plant physiology and biochemistry 2020 v.154 pp. 94-104
ISSN:: 0981-9428
Subject:: Oryza sativa; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; agronomic traits; amino acids; blight; cell death; chloroplasts; defense mechanisms; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; genetic analysis; hydrogen peroxide; hyperaccumulators; leaves; metabolism; molecular cloning; mutants; mutation; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; pathogenesis; pathogens; phenotype; plant development; rice; seedlings
Abstract:: ... Plant lesion mimic mutants have been used as ideal materials for studying pathogen defense mechanisms due to their spontaneous activation of defense responses in plants. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a rice lesion mimic mutant, oshpl3. The oshpl3 mutant initially displayed white spots on leaves of 7-day-old seedlings, and the white spots gradually turned into large bro ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.001
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.001

20. Characterization of acquired resistance in lesion-mimic transgenic potato expressing bacterio-opsin

Author:: Abad, M.S.; Hakimi, S.M.; Kaniewski, W.K.; Rommens, C.M.T.; Shulaev, V.; Lam, E.; Shah, D.M.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1997 v.10 no.5 pp. 635-645
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Solanum tuberosum; disease resistance; transgenic plants; defense mechanisms; bacteria; proton pump; salicylic acid; messenger RNA; gene expression; Phytophthora infestans; strain differences; Potato virus X; tubes; Pectobacterium carotovorum; apoptosis; histochemistry; phenotype; Halobacterium halobium; hypersensitive response
Abstract:: ... The lesion-mimic mutants of certain plants display necrotic lesions resembling those of the hypersensitive response and activate local and systemic defense responses in the absence of pathogens. We have engineered a lesion-mimic phenotype in transgenic Russet Burbank potato plants through constitutive expression of a bacterio-opsin (bO) proton pump derived from Halobacterium halobium. Transgenic p ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.5.635
PubMed:: 9204568
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.5.635

21. Characterization of a new Arabidopsis mutant exhibiting enhanced disease resistance

Author:: Silva, H.; Yoshioka, K.; Dooner, H.K.; Klessig, D.F.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1999 v.12 no.12 pp. 1053-1063
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; loci; phenotype; fungal diseases of plants; cotyledons; gene expression; chromosome mapping; Peronospora parasitica; salicylic acid; disease resistance; mutants; recessive genes; pathogenesis-related proteins; Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola; leaves; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... In many plant-pathogen interactions, resistance is associated with the synthesis and accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. At least two general classes of mutants with altered resistance to pathogen attack have been identified in Arabidopsis. One class exhibits increased susceptibility to pathogen infection; the other class exhibits enhanced resistance to path ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.12.1053
PubMed:: 10624014
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.12.1053

22. Characterization of antisense transformed plants deficient in the tobacco anionic peroxidase

Author:: Lagrimini, L.M.; Gingas, V.; Finger, F.; Rothstein, S.; Liu, T.T.Y.
Source:: Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1187-1196
ISSN:: 0032-0889
Subject:: cell growth; chemical constituents of plants; Nicotiana sylvestris; developmental stages; lignification; genes; roots; antisense RNA; phenotype; stems; cell walls; Nicotiana tabacum; genotype; peroxidase; leaves; defense mechanisms; genetic code; morphogenesis; transcription (genetics); xylem; lignin; enzyme activity; isozymes; transgenic plants; stress response; genetic variation; plant morphology
Abstract:: ... On the basis of the biological compoundsthat they metabolize, plant peroxidases have long been implicated in plant growth, cell wall biogenesis, lignification, and host defenses. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that underexpress anionic peroxidase were generated using antisense RNA. The antisense RNA was found to be specific for the anionic isoenzyme and highly effective, reducing ...

23. Characterizing rice lesion mimic mutants and identifying a mutant with broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight

Author:: Yin, Z.; Chen, J.; Zeng, L.; Goh, M.; Leung, H.; Khush, G.S.; Wang, G.L.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2000 v.13 no.8 pp. 869-876
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe grisea; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; mutants; disease resistance; genetic resistance; apoptosis; recessive genes; leaves; defense mechanisms; gene expression; phenotype
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.8.869
PubMed:: 10939258
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.8.869

24. Chemical phenotype matching between a plant and its insect herbivore

Author:: Berenbaum, M.R.; Zangerl, A.R.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 v.95 no.23 pp. 13743-13748
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: insect pests; seeds; phenotype; Depressaria pastinacella; Pastinaca sativa; metabolic detoxification; herbivores; methoxsalen; bergapten; chemical constituents of plants; population; pest resistance; defense mechanisms; Illinois; Minnesota
Abstract:: ... Two potential outcomes of a coevolutionary interaction are an escalating arms race and stable cycling. The general expectation has been that arms races predominate in cases of polygenic inheritance of resistance traits and permanent cycling predominates in cases in which resistance is controlled by major genes. In the interaction between Depressaria pastinacella, the parsnip webworm, and Pastinaca ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13743
PubMed:: 9811871
PubMed Central:: PMC24890
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.23.13743

25. Comparative genome analysis and characterization of a MDR Klebsiella variicola

Author:: Srinivasan, Vijaya Bharathi; Rajamohan, Govindan
Source:: Genomics 2020 v.112 no.5 pp. 3179-3190
ISSN:: 0888-7543
Subject:: Klebsiella variicola; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; antiseptics; blood flow; defense mechanisms; disinfectants; fimbriae; humans; iron; monitoring; multigene family; nitrogen fixation; nucleotide sequences; oxidative stress; pathogens; phenotype; respiratory system; secretion; sequence analysis; virulence; India
Abstract:: ... Klebsiella variicola is an emerging pathogen responsible for causing blood-stream infections, urinary and respiratory tract related diseases in humans. In this report, we describe the genome sequence data and phenotypic characterization of K. variicola strain KV093 isolated from India. Comparative genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of genes linked with virulence, iron acquisition and t ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.004
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.004

26. Constitutive Activation of NAD-Dependent Sirtuin 3 Plays an Important Role in Tumorigenesis of Chromium(VI)-Transformed Cells

Author:: Clementino, Marco; Kim, Donghern; Zhang, Zhuo
Source:: Toxicological sciences 2019 v.169 no.1 pp. 224-234
ISSN:: 1096-0929
Subject:: adenosine triphosphate; antioxidant activity; carcinogenesis; cell proliferation; cell viability; chromium; chronic exposure; cyanides; defense mechanisms; epithelium; gene overexpression; genes; humans; hydrazones; membrane potential; mitochondria; mitochondrial membrane; mitophagy; oxidative phosphorylation; phenotype; protein content; proteins; stress response
Abstract:: ... Chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes malignant cell transformation. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial adaptive response to stress, such as metabolic reprogramming and antioxidant defense mechanisms. In Cr(VI)-transformed cells, SIRT3 was upregulated and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and proton leak were ...
DOI:: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz032
PubMed:: 30715550
PubMed Central:: PMC6484885
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz032

27. Contribution of the Rgg Transcription Regulator to Metabolism and Virulence of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2

Author:: Zheng, Feng; Ji, Hongfeng; Cao, Min; Wang, Changjun; Feng, Youjun; Li, Ming; Pan, Xiuzhen; Wang, Jing; Qin, Yuehong; Hu, Fuquan; Tang, Jiaqi
Source:: Infection and immunity 2011 v.79 no.3 pp. 1319-1328
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: DNA; Gram-positive bacteria; Streptococcus suis; carbohydrate metabolism; defense mechanisms; genes; hemolysis; human cell lines; lactose; maltose; microarray technology; models; pathogens; phenotype; piglets; protein synthesis; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; serotypes; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; virulence
Abstract:: ... The Rgg-like regulators, a family of transcription factors commonly found in many Gram-positive bacteria, play multiple roles, especially in the control of pathogen virulence. Here, we report an rgg homologue from a Chinese isolate, 05ZYH33, of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2). Deletion of the rgg gene in SS2 increased its adhesion to Hep-2 cells and hemolytic activity in vitro. Significantly, ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00193-10
PubMed:: 21149588
PubMed Central:: PMC3067506
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00193-10

28. COS1: an Arabidopsis coronatine insensitive1 suppressor essential for regulation of jasmonate-mediated plant defense and senescence

Author:: Xiao, S.; Dai, L.; Liu, F.; Wang, Z.; Peng, W.; Xie, D.
Source:: plant cell 2004 v.16 no.5 pp. 1132-1142
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; phenotype; complementary DNA; structural genes; suppressor genes; Botrytis cinerea; fungal diseases of plants; jasmonic acid; enzymes; binding proteins; amino acid sequences; gene expression; plant pathogenic fungi; mutants; disease resistance; root growth; exons; gene expression regulation; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The Arabidopsis thaliana CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) gene encodes an F-box protein to assemble SCFCOI1 complexes essential for response to jasmonates (JAs), which are a family of plant signaling molecules required for many essential functions, including plant defense and reproduction. To better understand the molecular basis of JA action, we screened for suppressors of coi1 and isolated a coi1 ...
DOI:: 10.1105/tpc.020370
PubMed:: 15075400
PubMed Central:: PMC423205
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.020370

29. Differential gene expression of two extreme honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies showing varroa tolerance and susceptibility

Author:: Jiang, S.; Robertson, T.; Mostajeran, M.; Robertson, A. J.; Qiu, X.
Source:: Insect molecular biology 2016 v.25 no.3 pp. 272-282
ISSN:: 0962-1075
Subject:: Apis mellifera; DNA microarrays; Varroa destructor; adults; apiculture; breeding; defense mechanisms; ectoparasites; exoskeleton; fatty acid metabolism; gene expression; gene expression regulation; gene pool; genes; genetic markers; honey bee colonies; honey bees; industry; long chain fatty acids; mites; natural selection; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; protein degradation; pupae
Abstract:: ... Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of honey bees (Apis mellifera), is the most serious pest threatening the apiculture industry. In our honey bee breeding programme, two honey bee colonies showing extreme phenotypes for varroa tolerance/resistance (S88) and susceptibility (G4) were identified by natural selection from a large gene pool over a 6‐year period. To investigate potential defence m ...
DOI:: 10.1111/imb.12217
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imb.12217

30. Diversity of defence mechanisms in plant-oomycete interactions: a case study of Lactuca spp. and Bremia lactucae

Author:: Lebeda, Aleš; Sedlářová, Michaela; Petřivalský, Marek; Prokopová, Jitka
Source:: European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.122 no.1 pp. 71-89
ISSN:: 0929-1873
Subject:: electrolytes; enzymes; physiology; reactive oxygen species; genetic background; Bremia lactucae; mildews; phenotype; cell walls; host-parasite relationships; downy mildew; phenolic compounds; cytoskeleton; Pythium; case studies; leaves; defense mechanisms; pathogens; Phytophthora; models; hyphae; lettuce; hypersensitive response; nitric oxide; genetic variation; Lactuca; crops
Abstract:: ... Plant pathogenic oomycetes, including biotrophic downy mildews and hemibiotrophs/necrotrophs such as Phytophthora and Pythium, cause enormous economic losses on cultivated crops. Lettuce breeders and growers face the threat of Bremia lactucae, the causal agent of lettuce downy mildew. This pathogen damages leaf tissues and lettuce heads and is also frequent on wild Asteraceae plants. The interacti ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s10658-008-9292-3
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-008-9292-3

31. Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interactions Reveal that Fungal Background Influences Outcome during Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Humans

Author:: Alanio, Alexandre; Desnos-Ollivier, Marie; Dromer, Françoise
Source:: mBio 2011 v.2 no.4 pp. e00158
ISSN:: 2150-7511
Subject:: genes; Cryptococcus neoformans; correlation; phenotype; macrophages; sterilizing; gene expression; patients; pathogenesis; gene expression regulation; virulence; defense mechanisms; cryptococcosis; human diseases; humans; yeasts; mice; animal pathogenic fungi; host-pathogen relationships; HIV infections; flow cytometry; cerebrospinal fluid; death; meningoencephalitis
Abstract:: ... Cryptococcosis is a multifaceted fungal infection with variable clinical presentation and outcome. As in many infectious diseases, this variability is commonly assigned to host factors. To investigate whether the diversity of Cryptococcus neoformans clinical (ClinCn) isolates influences the interaction with host cells and the clinical outcome, we developed and validated new quantitative assays usi ...
DOI:: 10.1128/mBio.00158-11
PubMed:: 21828220
PubMed Central:: PMC3149853
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00158-11

32. Early Senescence and Cell Death in Arabidopsis saul1 Mutants Involves the PAD4-Dependent Salicylic Acid Pathway

Author:: Vogelmann, Katja; Drechsel, Gabriele; Bergler, Johannes; Subert, Christa; Philippar, Katrin; Soll, Jürgen; Engelmann, Julia C.; Engelsdorf, Timo; Voll, Lars M.; Hoth, Stefan
Source:: Plant physiology 2012 v.159 no.4 pp. 1477-1487
ISSN:: 0032-0889
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; cell death; defense mechanisms; gene expression; genes; genetic markers; leaves; microarray technology; mutants; phenotype; phytoalexins; salicylic acid; seedlings; senescence (aging); transcription (genetics); transcription factors; transcriptional activation; ubiquitin; ubiquitin-protein ligase
Abstract:: ... Age-dependent leaf senescence and cell death in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) requires activation of the transcription factor ORESARA1 (ORE1) and is not initiated prior to a leaf age of 28 d. Here, we investigate the conditional execution of events that regulate early senescence and cell death in senescence-associated ubiquitin ligase1 (saul1) mutants, deficient in the PLANT U-BOX-ARMADILLO E ...
DOI:: 10.1104/pp.112.196220
PubMed:: 22706448
PubMed Central:: PMC3425192
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.196220

33. Effect of three suppressors on the expression of powdery mildew resistance genes in barley

Author:: Jorgensen, J.H.
Source:: Genome = 1996 v.39 no.3 pp. 492-498
ISSN:: 0831-2796
Subject:: alleles; phenotype; Hordeum vulgare; Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei; mutagenesis; gene interaction; gene expression; disease resistance; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... Three recessive mutagen-induced alleles that partially suppress the phenotypic expression of the semidominant powdery mildew resistance gene Mla12 have been studied. When each suppressor is present in homozygous condition, the infection type 0, conferred by gene Mla12 when homozygous, is changed to intermediate infection types. The three suppressor lines were crossed with seven near-isogenic lines ...
DOI:: 10.1139/g96-063
PubMed:: 18469911
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-063

34. Effects of phosphoglucomutase gene (PGM) in Streptococcus parauberis on innate immune response and pathogenicity of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Author:: Woo, Sung Ho; Park, Soo Il
Source:: Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.41 no.2 pp. 317-325
ISSN:: 1050-4648
Subject:: Paralichthys olivaceus; Streptococcus iniae; Streptococcus parauberis; aquaculture; bacteria; blood serum; defense mechanisms; disease control; emerging diseases; flounder; genes; hydrophobicity; innate immunity; mortality; mucus; mutagenesis; mutants; pathogens; phagocytes; phenotype; phosphoglucomutase; virulence; South Korea
Abstract:: ... In recent years, Streptococcus parauberis infection has been an emerging problem in aquaculture in South Korea because of its more frequent isolation than other streptococcal bacteria including Streptococcus iniae. To develop effective treatment and prophylaxis methods against this emerging disease by S. parauberis, it is necessary to understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.To uncover the ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.012
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.012

35. Elucidating cellular mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerant to combined lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors using high-throughput phenotyping and multiomics analyses

Author:: Unrean, Pornkamol; Gätgens, Jochem; Klein, Bianca; Noack, Stephan; Champreda, Verawat
Source:: FEMS yeast research 2018 v.18 no.8
ISSN:: 1567-1364
Subject:: DNA damage; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; acetic acid; bioethanol; biorefining; cost effectiveness; defense mechanisms; energy; fatty acids; fermentation; furfural; gamma-aminobutyric acid; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; genetic engineering; genomics; homeostasis; lignocellulose; metabolites; metabolomics; multiomics; mutants; phenotype; protein denaturation; proteins; proteomics; putrescine; stress response; thioredoxins; toxicity; trehalose; yeasts
Abstract:: ... A robust cell factory that can tolerate combined inhibitory lignocellulosic compounds is essential for the cost-effective lignocellulose-based production of second-generation bioethanol and other bulk chemicals. Following high-throughput phenotyping of a yeast genomic overexpression library, we identified a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (denoted AFb.01) with improved growth and fermentation perf ...
DOI:: 10.1093/femsyr/foy106
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/foy106

36. Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidases and Protein Quality Control Factors Cooperate to Establish Biotrophy in Ustilago maydis

Author:: Fernández-Álvarez, Alfonso; Elías-Villalobos, Alberto; Jiménez-Martín, Alberto; Marín-Menguiano, Miriam; Ibeas, José I.
Source:: The plant cell 2013 v.25 no.11 pp. 4676-4690
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Ustilago zeae; defense mechanisms; endoplasmic reticulum; fungal proteins; glucosidases; glycosylation; host plants; phenotype; quality control; smut diseases
Abstract:: ... Some stages of the protein N -glycosylation pathway are required for corn smut (Ustilago maydis) to successfully infect its host plant. If fungal proteins are not properly glycosylated, the host plant can detect the infection and activate defense mechanisms to suppress it. Disruption of glycosylation pathways in Ustilago reduces its infectious capabilities but has few other phenotypes. ...
DOI:: 10.1105/tpc.113.115691
PubMed:: 24280385
PubMed Central:: PMC3875743
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.115691

37. Evidence for plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease in honeybees

Author:: Alippi, A.M.; Lopez, A.C.; Reynaldi, F.J.; Grasso, D.H.; Aguilar, O.M.
Source:: Veterinary microbiology 2007 v.125 no.3-4 pp. 290-303
ISSN:: 0378-1135
Subject:: epidemiological studies; tetracycline; phenotype; antibiotic resistance; Paenibacillus larvae; minimum inhibitory concentration; geographical variation; honey bees; plasmids; American foul brood; pathogen identification; genes; molecular epidemiology; reference standards; genetic variation; oxytetracycline; virulence; bacterial infections; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... Paenibacillus larvae is the causal agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease, the most virulent bacterial disease of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) brood. Oxytetracycline is the main antibiotic used for prevention and control of AFB. Using the polymerase chain reaction, isolates were screened for the presence of the tetracycline resistance tet(K) and tet(L) determinants. Four isolates (5%), which co ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.018
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.018

38. Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Author:: Li, Min; Diep, Binh An; Villaruz, Amer E.; Braughton, Kevin R.; Jiang, Xiaofei; DeLeo, Frank R.; Chambers, Henry F.; Lu, Yuan; Otto, Michael
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 v.106 no.14 pp. 5883-5888
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Staphylococcus aureus; animals; antibiotic resistance; clones; defense mechanisms; gene expression regulation; interspersed repetitive sequences; methicillin; models; pathogenesis; phenotype; phylogeny; therapeutics; virulence; virulent strains; United States
Abstract:: ... Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has recently emerged worldwide. The United States, in particular, is experiencing a serious epidemic of CA-MRSA that is almost entirely caused by an extraordinarily infectious strain named USA300. However, the molecular determinants underlying the pathogenic success of CA-MRSA are mostly unknown. To gain insight into the ev ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0900743106
PubMed:: 19293374
PubMed Central:: PMC2667066
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900743106

39. Exploring the oxidative, antimicrobial and genomic properties of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry

Author:: Ugarte-Ruiz, Maria; Domínguez, Lucas; Corcionivoschi, Nicolae; Wren, Brendan W.; Dorrell, Nick; Gundogdu, Ozan
Source:: Research in veterinary science 2018 v.119 pp. 170-175
ISSN:: 0034-5288
Subject:: Campylobacter jejuni; anti-infective agents; antibiotic resistance; bacteria; bacterial enteritis; defense mechanisms; food chain; genomics; human health; humans; meat; neck; oxidative stress; oxygen; phenotype; poultry; poultry products
Abstract:: ... Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food-borne bacterial enteritis in humans, with contaminated poultry products considered the main source of infection. To survive the food chain, C. jejuni utilizes multiple defense mechanisms that counter oxidative and aerobic stresses. In this study, we phenotypically characterised 63 C. jejuni strains with oxidative stress survival and antimicrobial s ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.016
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.016

40. Female great tits do not alter their yolk androgen deposition when infested with a low-transmittable ectoparasite

Author:: Heylen, Dieter; Müller, Wendt; Groothuis, Ton G. G.; Matthysen, Erik
Source:: Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2012 v.66 no.2 pp. 287-293
ISSN:: 0340-5443
Subject:: Ixodes ricinus; Parus major; Siphonaptera; androstenedione; defense mechanisms; evolution; maternal effect; mothers; phenotype; progeny; testosterone; ticks
Abstract:: ... In birds as in many other taxa, parasites can have deleterious effects on offspring development. Therefore, avian mothers have evolved responses to counteract parasite virulence in offspring via transgenerational defense mechanisms that is the transfer of immune-enhancing substances such as antibodies to their eggs. Another maternal pathway is suggested by the finding that infested great tit mothe ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00265-011-1276-1
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1276-1

41. Fortunella margarita Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Author:: Khalaf, Abeer A.; Gmitter, Frederick G.; Conesa, Ana; Dopazo, Joaquin; Moore, Gloria A.
Source:: BMC Plant biology 2011 v.11
ISSN:: 1471-2229
Subject:: RNA; reactive oxygen species; phenotype; gene expression; humidity; transcriptome; Citrus; case studies; gene expression regulation; databases; leaves; defense mechanisms; Fortunella margarita; apoptosis; Xanthomonas citri; metabolism; pathogens; complementary DNA; transcription (genetics); immune response; temperature; hypersensitive response; microarray technology; expressed sequence tags; rain; kumquats; bacteria
Abstract:: ... Background Citrus canker disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) has become endemic in areas where high temperature, rain, humidity, and windy conditions provide a favourable environment for the dissemination of the bacterium. Xcc is pathogenic on many commercial citrus varieties but appears to elicit an incompatible reaction on the citrus relative Fortunella ...
DOI:: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-159
PubMed:: 22078099
PubMed Central:: PMC3235979
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-159

42. Functional analysis of a pathogenesis-related thaumatin-like protein gene TaLr35PR5 from wheat induced by leaf rust fungus

Author:: Zhang, Jiarui; Wang, Fei; Liang, Fang; Zhang, Yanjun; Ma, Lisong; Wang, Haiyan; Liu, Daqun
Source:: BMC plant biology 2018 v.18 no.1 pp. 76
ISSN:: 1471-2229
Subject:: Puccinia recondita; adults; amino acids; apoplast; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; genes; heterologous gene expression; leaf rust; onions; pathogenesis-related proteins; phenotype; plant pathogenic fungi; protein sweeteners; secretion; signal peptide; wheat; yeasts
Abstract:: ... BACKGROUND: Plants have evolved multifaceted defence mechanisms to resist pathogen infection. Production of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in response to pathogen attack has been implicated in plant disease resistance specialized in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR). Our earlier studies have reported that a full length TaLr35PR5 gene, encoding a protein exhibiting amino acid and structura ...
DOI:: 10.1186/s12870-018-1297-2
PubMed:: 29728059
PubMed Central:: PMC5935958
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1297-2

43. Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol

Author:: Fravel, D.; Olivain, C.; Alabouvette, C.
Source:: New phytologist 2003 v.157 no.3 pp. 493-502
ISSN:: 0028-646X
Subject:: mechanism of action; suppressive soils; induced resistance; rhizosphere; saprophytes; phenotype; Fusarium oxysporum; biological control agents; strain differences; nutrient uptake; spore germination; defense mechanisms; plant pathogenic fungi; fungal spores; genetic variation; biological control
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00700.x
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00700.x

44. Future directions in the ontogeny of plant defence: understanding the evolutionary causes and consequences

Author:: Barton, Kasey E.; Boege, Karina
Source:: Ecology letters 2017 v.20 no.4 pp. 403-411
ISSN:: 1461-023X
Subject:: defense mechanisms; herbivores; juveniles; ontogeny; phenotype; resource allocation; seedlings; selection pressure
Abstract:: ... Plant defence often varies by orders of magnitude as plants develop from the seedling to juvenile to mature and senescent stages. Ontogenetic trajectories can involve switches among defence traits, leading to complex shifting phenotypes across plant lifetimes. While considerable research has characterised ontogenetic trajectories for now hundreds of plant species, we still lack a clear understandi ...
DOI:: 10.1111/ele.12744
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12744

45. Gene stability in transgenic aspen (Populus). II. Molecular characterization of variable expression of transgenic in wild and hybrid aspen

Author:: Kumar, S.; Fladung, M.
Source:: Planta 2001 v.213 no.5 pp. 731-740
ISSN:: 0032-0935
Subject:: Populus tremula; Populus tremuloides; transgenic plants; gene expression; hybrids; wild plants; loci; reporter genes; genetic markers; mutants; host plants; defense mechanisms; genomics; phenotype
Abstract:: ... In many annual plant species, transgene inactivation occurs most often when multiple incomplete/complete copies of the transgene are present in a genome. The expression of single-copy transgene loci may also be negatively influenced by the flanking plant DNA and/or chromosomal location (position effect). To understand transgene silencing in a long-lived tree system, we analyzed several wild (Popul ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s004250100535
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250100535

46. Genetic diversity in natural populations: a fundamental component of plant-microbe interactions

Author:: Salvaudon, Lucie; Giraud, Tatiana; Shykoff, Jacqui A
Source:: Current opinion in plant biology 2008 v.11 no.2 pp. 135-143
ISSN:: 1369-5266
Subject:: quantitative trait loci; plant diseases and disorders; plant genetics; alleles; loci; phenotype; host-pathogen relationships; coevolution; plant pathogens; molecular genetics; population genetics; genetic variation; quantitative traits; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... Genetic diversity for plant defense against microbial pathogens has been studied either by analyzing sequences of defense genes or by testing phenotypic responses to pathogens under experimental conditions. These two approaches give different but complementary information but, till date, only rare attempts at their integration have been made. Here we discuss the advances made, because of the two a ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.02.002
PubMed:: 18329329
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.02.002

47. Genetic susceptibility to West Nile virus infection in Camargue horses

Author:: Stejskalova, K.; Cvanova, M.; Oppelt, J.; Janova, E.; Horecky, C.; Horecka, E.; Knoll, A.; Leblond, A.; Horin, P.
Source:: Research in veterinary science 2019 v.124 pp. 284-292
ISSN:: 0034-5288
Subject:: Camargue (horse breed); Toll-like receptor 4; West Nile virus; birds; defense mechanisms; genes; genetic markers; genomics; genotype; genotyping; horse diseases; horses; hosts; humans; indicator species; interleukin-10; meningoencephalitis; microsatellite repeats; phenotype; risk; seroconversion; seroprevalence; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); single nucleotide polymorphism; viruses; France
Abstract:: ... West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic neurotropic virus capable to cause lethal meningoencephalitis (WNE) in infected hosts such as birds, horses, and humans. Due to their sensitivity, horses serve as sentinel species in areas at risk. We studied a population of Camargue horses living in Southern France in two zones with endemic WNV circulation where WNV outbreaks were recorded in 200 ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.004
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.004

48. HLM1, an essential signaling component in the hypersensitive response, is a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel ion channel family

Author:: Balague, C.; Lin, B.; Alcon, C.; Flottes, G.; Malmstrom, S.; Kohler, C.; Neuhaus, G.; Pelletier, G.; Gaymard, F.; Roby, D.
Source:: plant cell 2003 v.15 no.2 pp. 365-379
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; plant pathogenic bacteria; plant diseases and disorders; phenotype; cyclic AMP; cyclic GMP; ion transport; defense mechanisms; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; mutation; gene expression; potassium; genes; sodium; mutants; disease resistance; plasma membrane; plant proteins
Abstract:: ... The hypersensitive response (HR) in plants is a programmed cell death that is commonly associated with disease resistance. A novel mutation in Arabidopsis, hlm1, which causes aberrant regulation of cell death, manifested by a lesion-mimic phenotype and an altered HR, segregated as a single recessive allele. Broad-spectrum defense mechanisms remained functional or were constitutive in the mutant pl ...
PubMed:: 12566578
PubMed Central:: PMC141207

49. Host age choice for oviposition in Pauesia juniperorum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and its effect on the parasitoid's biology and host population growth

Author:: Kairo, M.T.K.; Murphy, S.T.
Source:: Biocontrol science and technology 1999 v.9 no.4 pp. 475-486
ISSN:: 0958-3157
Subject:: parasitism; parasitoids; oviposition; phenotype; biological control agents; developmental stages; defense mechanisms; Braconidae; duration; Cinara; sexual reproduction; population growth; host preferences; mortality; biological control
DOI:: 10.1080/09583159929442
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159929442

50. hxc2, an Arabidopsis mutant with an altered hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Author:: Godard, F.; Lummerzheim, M.; Saindrenan, P.; Balague, C.; Roby, D.
Source:: The plant journal 2000 v.24 no.6 pp. 749-761
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; mutants; mutagenesis; necrosis; leaves; beta-glucuronidase; reporter genes; chromosome mapping; phenotype; hypersensitive response
DOI:: 10.1046/j.0960-7412.2000.00917.x
PubMed:: 11135109
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2000.00917.x

51. Identification and characterization of the Non-race specific Disease Resistance 1 (NDR1) orthologous protein in coffee

Author:: Cacas, Jean-Luc; Petitot, Anne-Sophie; Bernier, Louis; Estevan, Joan; Conejero, Geneviève; Mongrand, Sébastien; Fernandez, Diana
Source:: BMC Plant biology 2011 v.11
ISSN:: 1471-2229
Subject:: Arabidopsis; Coffea arabica; Hemileia vastatrix; Pseudomonas syringae; bacteria; complementary DNA; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; fungi; genes; genetic background; hypersensitive response; innate immunity; leaf rust; leaves; microbial growth; microscopy; mutants; pathogens; phenotype; plasma membrane; proteins; signal transduction
Abstract:: ... Background Leaf rust, which is caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix (Pucciniales), is a devastating disease that affects coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Disadvantages that are associated with currently developed phytoprotection approaches have recently led to the search for alternative strategies. These include genetic manipulations that constitutively activate disease resistance signaling p ...
DOI:: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-144
PubMed:: 22023696
PubMed Central:: PMC3212813
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-144

52. Identification and expression of genes in response to cassava bacterial blight infection

Author:: Tappiban, Piengtawan; Sraphet, Supajit; Srisawad, Nattaya; Smith, Duncan R; Triwitayakorn, Kanokporn
Source:: Journal of applied genetics 2018 v.59 no.4 pp. 391-403
ISSN:: 1234-1983
Subject:: Manihot esculenta; Xanthomonas axonopodis; Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis; blight; brassinosteroids; cassava; cultivars; defense mechanisms; disease severity; enzymes; gene expression; genes; genetic markers; ion channels; messenger RNA; phenotype; phenotypic variation; quantitative trait loci; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:: ... Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (or XAM) is a serious disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CBB infection were identified in the F1 progenies of a cross between the “Huay Bong 60” and “Hanatee” cassava cultivars. The phenotype of disease severity was observed at 7, 10, and 12 days af ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s13353-018-0457-2
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13353-018-0457-2

53. Identification and functional characterisation of an allene oxide synthase from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon blanc)

Author:: Dumin, Walftor; Rostas, Michael; Winefield, Christopher
Source:: Molecular biology reports 2018 v.45 no.3 pp. 263-277
ISSN:: 0301-4851
Subject:: Arabidopsis; Vitis vinifera; alleles; amino acid substitution; biosynthesis; cell membranes; chloroplasts; defense mechanisms; epigenetics; herbivores; hydroperoxide dehydratase; jasmonic acid; leaves; mesocarp; mutants; open reading frames; pathogens; phenotype; plant hormones; pulp; ripening; sequence analysis; small fruits; transgenic plants
Abstract:: ... Jasmonic acid (JA) is known to be an important phytohormone that orchestrates plant defence mechanisms against a range of herbivores and pathogens. Studies have suggested allene oxide synthase (AOS; E.C 4.2.1.92), the first committed step in JA biosynthesis, is essential for JA biosynthesis, yet clear evidence of its role as a biosynthetic regulatory point is lacking, in the main due to conflictin ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s11033-018-4159-y
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4159-y

54. Identification of a novel gene HYS1/CPR5 that has a repressive role in the induction of leaf senescence and pathogen-defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:: Yoshida, S.; Ito, M.; Nishida, I.; Watanabe, A.
Source:: The plant journal 2002 v.29 no.4 pp. 427-437
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; messenger RNA; alleles; sugars; phenotype; seedlings; trichomes; amino acid sequences; transcription (genetics); photosystem II; chromosome mapping; nucleotide sequences; photoperiod; chemical constituents of plants; protein content; chlorophyll; leaves; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... We isolated two allelic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that showed an early senescence phenotype under light/dark and continuous dark photo regimes, and designated the mutant hypersenescence1 (hys1). The hys1 mutants decreased chlorophyll and protein content, lowered the efficiency of photosystem II, and accumulated several senescence upregulated gene transcripts earlier than the wild-type plants ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01228.x
PubMed:: 11846876
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01228.x

55. Identification of arabidopsis mutants exhibiting an altered hypersensitive response in gene-for-gene disease resistance

Author:: Yu, I.C.; Fengler, K.A.; Clough, S.J.; Bent, A.F.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2000 v.13 no.3 pp. 277-286
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae; mutants; defense mechanisms; genetic resistance; disease resistance; mortality; virulence; Peronospora parasitica; gene expression; salicylic acid; loci; mutation; pathogenesis-related proteins; chemical constituents of plants; phenotype; hypersensitive response
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.3.277
PubMed:: 10707353
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.3.277

56. Identification of tomato introgression lines with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to infection by parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa)

Author:: Krause, Kirsten; Johnsen, Hanne R.; Pielach, Anna; Lund, Leidulf; Fischer, Karsten; Rose, Jocelyn K.C.
Source:: Physiologia plantarum 2018 v.162 no.2 pp. 205-218
ISSN:: 0031-9317
Subject:: Cuscuta reflexa; Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum pennellii; cell death; crops; defense mechanisms; genome; haustoria; hormones; host plants; hypersensitive response; introgression; loci; parasitic plants; parasitism; phenotype; rootstocks; scions; screening; shoots; tomatoes; wind
Abstract:: ... The parasitic flowering plant genus Cuscuta (dodder) is a parasitic weed that infects many important crops. Once it winds around the shoots of potential host plants and initiates the development of penetration organs, called haustoria, only a few plant species have been shown to deploy effective defense mechanisms to ward off Cuscuta parasitization. However, a notable exception is Solanum lycopers ...
DOI:: 10.1111/ppl.12660
CHORUS:: 10.1111/ppl.12660
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12660

57. Inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Mps1 from the rice blast fungus prevents penetration of host cells but allows activation of plant defense responses

Author:: Xu, J.R.; Staiger, C.J.; Hamer, J.E.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 v.95 no.21 pp. 12713-12718
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Magnaporthe grisea; complementary DNA; structural genes; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; mutants; appressoria; leaves; defense mechanisms; sporulation; female fertility; cell walls; pathogenicity; cytoskeleton; actin; phenotype
Abstract:: ... The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, generates enormous turgor pressure within a specialized cell called the appressorium to breach the surface of host plant cells. Here, we show that a mitogen-activated protein kinase, Mps1, is essential for appressorium penetration. Mps1 is 85% similar to yeast Slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and can rescue the thermosensitive growth of slt2 null mut ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12713
PubMed:: 9770551
PubMed Central:: PMC22896
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.21.12713

58. Induced defenses in herbivores and plants differentially modulate a trophic cascade

Author:: van der Stap, Irene; Vos, Matthijs; Verschoor, Antonie M.; Helmsing, Nico R.; Mooij, Wolf M.
Source:: Ecology 2007 v.88 no.10 pp. 2474-2481
ISSN:: 0012-9658
Subject:: Scenedesmus obliquus; phenotype; zooplankton; defense mechanisms; herbivores; Rotifera; carnivores; food chain; biomass; predator-prey relationships
Abstract:: ... Inducible defenses are dynamic traits that modulate the strength of both plant–herbivore and herbivore–carnivore interactions. Surprisingly few studies have considered the relative contributions of induced plant and herbivore defenses to the overall balance of bottom‐up and top‐down control. Here we compare trophic cascade strengths using replicated two‐level and three‐level plankton communities i ...
DOI:: 10.1890/07-1731.1
PubMed:: 18027750
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1731.1

59. Induced resistance responses in maize

Author:: Morris, S.W.; Vernooij, B.; Titatarn, S.; Starrett, M.; Thomas, S.; Wiltse, C.C.; Frederiksen, R.A.; Bhandhufalck, A.; Hulbert, S.; Uknes, S.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1998 v.11 no.7 pp. 643-658
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: rust diseases; Zea mays; protein synthesis; messenger RNA; phenotype; Glomerella graminicola; downy mildew; Bipolaris maydis; Puccinia sorghi; amino acid sequences; gene expression; nucleotide sequences; salicylic acid; induced resistance; Peronosclerospora sorghi; horizontal resistance; pathogenesis-related proteins; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a widely distributed plant defense system that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance and is accompanied by coordinate expression of the so-called SAR genes. This type of resistance and SAR gene expression can be mimicked with chemical inducers of resistance. Here, we report that chemical inducers of resistance are active in maize. Chemical induction increa ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.7.643
PubMed:: 9650297
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.7.643

60. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase expression in Arabidopsis causes a lesion-mimic phenotype that induces systemic acquired resistance

Author:: Molina, A.; Volrath, S.; Guyer, D.; Maleck, K.; Ryals, J.; Ward, E.
Source:: The plant journal 1999 v.17 no.6 pp. 667-678
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; biosynthesis; phenotype; antisense DNA; transgenic plants; heme; necrosis; biochemical pathways; oxidoreductases; gene expression; Peronospora parasitica; salicylic acid; disease resistance; induced resistance; pathogenesis-related proteins; chlorophyll; hypersensitive response; leaves; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... We have used an antisense expression technology in Arabidopsis based on the yeast GAL4/UAS transactivation system (Guyer et al., Genetics, 1998; 149:633-639) to reduce levels of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), the last common enzyme of the biosynthesis of the haem group and chlorophyll. Plants expressing the antisense PPO gene presented growth alterations and their leaves showed necrotic lesi ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00420.x
PubMed:: 10230064
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00420.x

61. Inhibition of the development of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) by treatment of wheat with allopurinol and production of a hypersenitive-like reaction in a compatible host

Author:: Adam, A.L.; Gala, A.A.; Manninger, K.; Barna, B.
Source:: Plant pathology 2000 v.49 no.3 pp. 317-323
ISSN:: 0032-0862
Subject:: rust diseases; infection; xanthine oxidase; phenotype; electrolytes; seedlings; lipid peroxidation; necrosis; host plants; foliar application; hypersensitive response; enzyme inhibitors; Triticum aestivum; Puccinia recondita; allopurinol; xanthine; disease course; defense mechanisms
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00455.x
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00455.x

62. Integrated physiological and proteomic analysis reveals underlying response and defense mechanisms of Brachypodium distachyon seedling leaves under osmotic stress, cadmium and their combined stresses

Author:: Cheng, Zhi-Wei; Chen, Zi-Yan; Yan, Xing; Bian, Yan-Wei; Deng, Xiong; Yan, Yue-Ming
Source:: Journal of proteomics 2017
ISSN:: 1874-3919
Subject:: Brachypodium distachyon; amino acid metabolism; cadmium; carbon metabolism; defense mechanisms; drought; energy; gel electrophoresis; leaves; osmotic stress; phenotype; photosynthesis; polyethylene glycol; principal component analysis; protein folding; protein-protein interactions; proteins; proteome; proteomics; seedling growth; seedlings; ultrastructure; water stress
Abstract:: ... Drought stress, a major abiotic stress, commonly occurs in metal-contaminated environments and affects crop growth and yield. In this study, we performed the first integrated phenotypic, physiological, and proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon L. seedling leaves under polyethylene glycol (PEG) mock osmotic stress, cadmium (Cd2+), and their combined stresses. Combined osmotic and Cd2+ stres ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.015
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.015

63. Interactions between elicitins and radish Raphanus sativus

Author:: Keizer, D.W.; Schuster, B.; Grant, B.R.; Gayler, K.R.
Source:: Planta 1998 v.204 no.4 pp. 480-489
ISSN:: 0032-0935
Subject:: protoplasts; cultivars; wilting; phenotype; relative humidity; hydrogen ions; calcium; ion transport; defense mechanisms; potassium; Raphanus sativus; progeny; inheritance (genetics); hypersensitive response; leaves; plant proteins
Abstract:: ... Two responses to eliciting are described in cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Type I, exhibited by the cultivar Daikon, is characterised by wilting and desiccation within 24 h of elicitin application and was previously reported as the sensitive response (S. Kamoun et al. 1993, Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 6: 15-25). At 1 microgram elicitin.g-1 FW radish tissue, symptoms appeared after 8 h, ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s004250050282
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050282

64. Interactive physiological potential of Peyronellaea curtisii (=Phoma narcissi) strains for enzymatic attack and defence capabilities against phytoalexins

Author:: Hrynkiewicz, Katarzyna; Deka, Paweł; Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Małgorzata; Thiem, Dominika; Szmidt-Jaworska, Adriana
Source:: European journal of plant pathology 2016 v.145 no.1 pp. 89-102
ISSN:: 0929-1873
Subject:: Hippeastrum; Phoma; actin; biosynthesis; crops; culture media; defense mechanisms; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; enzyme activity; host plants; loci; pathogenicity; phenotype; phylogeny; phytoalexins; plant pathogenic fungi; tubulin; virulent strains
Abstract:: ... Phytopathogenic fungi use a variety of strategies to infect hosts and have a diverse sensitivity to the natural defence mechanisms of the host plant, e.g. synthesis of phytoalexins. Many important pathogens of crops belong to the problematic genus Phoma, including species recently reallocated to Peyronellaea. The work presents: (1) molecular identification of five pathogenic strains of Peyronellae ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s10658-015-0817-2
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0817-2

65. Interplay of measles virus with early induced cytokines reveals different wild type phenotypes

Author:: Kessler, Julia R.; Kremer, Jacques R.; Muller, Claude P.
Source:: Virus research 2011 v.155 no.1 pp. 195-202
ISSN:: 0168-1702
Subject:: necrosis; genes; interferon-alpha; phenotype; tempering; disease severity; amino acids; viruses; genotype; patients; virulence; defense mechanisms; sequence analysis; humans; mutation; Measles morbillivirus; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; in vitro studies; innate immunity; vaccines; RNA
Abstract:: ... Differential effects of measles virus (MV) on the innate immune response may influence virus spread and severity of disease. Using a representative panel of 22 MV strains including 14 different genotypes, we found that wild-type (wt) differ considerably in their sensitivity to type I interferon (IFN). The wt virus production was 2–47-fold lower in IFN-alpha treated Vero/hSLAM cells, whereas vaccin ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.005
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.005

66. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis

Author:: Lorenzo, O.; Chico, J.M.; Sanchez-Serrano, J.J.; Solano, R.
Source:: plant cell 2004 v.16 no.7 pp. 1938-1950
ISSN:: 1040-4651
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; transcription factors; regulator genes; mutants; alleles; chromosome mapping; phenotype; jasmonic acid; abscisic acid; defense mechanisms; fungal diseases of plants; plant pathogenic fungi; Botrytis cinerea; gene expression regulation; plant damage
Abstract:: ... In spite of the importance of jasmonates (JAs) as plant growth and stress regulators, the molecular components of their signaling pathway remain largely unknown. By means of a genetic screen that exploits the cross talk between ethylene (ET) and JAs, we describe the identification of several new loci involved in JA signaling and the characterization and positional cloning of one of them, JASMONATE ...
DOI:: 10.1105/tpc.022319
PubMed:: 15208388
PubMed Central:: PMC514172
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.022319

67. Linking transcriptomic and proteomic data on the level of protein interaction networks

Author:: Perco, Paul; Mühlberger, Irmgard; Mayer, Gert; Oberbauer, Rainer; Lukas, Arno; Mayer, Bernd
Source:: Electrophoresis 2010 v.31 no.11 pp. 1780-1789
ISSN:: 0173-0835
Subject:: cell adhesion; cell structures; collagen; data collection; defense mechanisms; electrophoresis; genes; immunity; messenger RNA; metabolome; phenotype; proteome; proteomics; renal failure; transcriptome; transcriptomics
Abstract:: ... Integration and joint analysis of omics profiles derived on the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels is a natural next step in realizing a Systems Biology view of cellular processes. However, merging, e.g. mRNA concentration and protein abundance profiles, is not straightforward, as a direct overlap of differentially regulated/abundant features, resulting from transcriptomics and ...
DOI:: 10.1002/elps.200900775
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900775

68. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens

Author:: Lee, Hye-Jung; Park, Ohkmae K.
Source:: Plant science 2019 v.279 pp. 51-58
ISSN:: 0168-9452
Subject:: defense mechanisms; fatty acids; lipid metabolism; lipophilicity; loss-of-function mutation; metabolites; mutants; pathogens; phenotype; polymers; proteins; tissues; triacylglycerol lipase
Abstract:: ... When facing microbe invaders, plants activate genetic and metabolic defense mechanisms and undergo extracellular and intracellular changes to obtain a certain level of host resistance. Dynamic adjustment and adaptation occur in structures containing lipophilic compounds and cellular metabolites. Lipids encompassing fatty acids, fatty acid-based polymers, and fatty acid derivatives are part of the ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003

69. Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance

Author:: Nishimura, M.T.; Stein, M.; Hou, B.H.; Vogel, J.P.; Edwards, H.; Somerville, S.C.
Source:: Science 2003 v.301 no.5635 pp. 969-972
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; mutants; phenotype; disease resistance; powdery mildew; Erysiphe cichoracearum; plant pathogenic fungi; callose; histochemistry; defense mechanisms; salicylic acid; leaves; gene expression regulation
Abstract:: ... Plants attacked by pathogens rapidly deposit callose, a β-1,3-glucan, at wound sites. Traditionally, this deposition is thought to reinforce the cell wall and is regarded as a defense response. Surprisingly, here we found that powdery mildew resistant 4 (pmr4), a mutant lacking pathogen-induced callose, became resistant to pathogens, rather than more susceptible. This resistance was due to mutatio ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1086716
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1086716

70. Macrolide-lincosamide-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis

Author:: Wang, Yang; Wu, Cong-Ming; Lu, Li-Ming; Ren, Gao-Wa Na; Cao, Xing-Yuan; Shen, Jian-Zhong
Source:: Veterinary microbiology 2008 v.130 no.1-2 pp. 118-125
ISSN:: 0378-1135
Subject:: Staphylococcus aureus; tylosin; enzymes; genes; strains; dairy cows; azithromycin; phenotype; clindamycin; spiramycin; genotype; defense mechanisms; minimum inhibitory concentration; pathogenicity; molecular epidemiology; antibiotic resistance; disease prevalence; molecular genetics; bovine mastitis; China
Abstract:: ... The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of macrolide-lincosamide (ML) resistance in 72 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows with clinical mastitis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ML antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution technique, inducible ML resistance phenotype by the D test, and ML resistance genes by PCR assay. The isolates showed a ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.012
PubMed:: 18272297
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.012

71. Manipulation of salicylate content in Arabidopsis thaliana by the expression of an engineered bacterial salicylate synthase

Author:: Mauch, F.; Mauch-Mani, B.; Gaille, C.; Kull, B.; Haas, D.; Reimmann, C.
Source:: The plant journal 2001 v.25 no.1 pp. 67-77
ISSN:: 0960-7412
Subject:: cytosol; protein transport; genes; salicylic acid; genetic engineering; Peronospora parasitica; lyases; phenotype; biomarkers; gene expression; disease resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; defense mechanisms; Arabidopsis thaliana; ligases; isomerases; pathogenesis-related proteins; dwarfing; transgenic plants; chemical constituents of plants; seed productivity; chloroplasts
Abstract:: ... Salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role as a signalling molecule involved in plant defense against microbial attack. Genetic manipulation of SA biosynthesis may therefore help to generate plants that are more disease-resistant. By fusing the two bacterial genes pchA and pchB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which encode isochorismate synthase and isochorismate pyruvate-lyase, respectively, we have en ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00940.x
PubMed:: 11169183
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00940.x

72. Mechanisms of toxic action of silver nanoparticles in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila: From gene expression to phenotypic events

Author:: Juganson, Katre; Mortimer, Monika; Ivask, Angela; Pucciarelli, Sandra; Miceli, Cristina; Orupõld, Kaja; Kahru, Anne
Source:: Environmental pollution 2017
ISSN:: 0269-7491
Subject:: Protozoa; Tetrahymena thermophila; antioxidant activity; aquatic organisms; bioassays; defense mechanisms; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; genes; mechanism of action; median effective concentration; metallothionein; nanosilver; oxidative stress; phenotype; reactive oxygen species; silver nitrate; strain differences; toxicity; viability
Abstract:: ... Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, however, there is no consensus whether the toxicity is caused solely by released Ag-ions or also by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the effects of protein-coated AgNPs (14.6 nm, Collargol) were studied on viability, oxidative stress and gene expression levels in wild type strains (CU427 and CU428) of unicellular ciliate Tetra ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.013
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.013

73. Mining and genomic characterization of resistance to tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), and Fusarium head blight in Watkins core collection of wheat landraces

Author:: Halder, Jyotirmoy; Zhang, Jinfeng; Ali, Shaukat; Sidhu, Jagdeep S.; Gill, Harsimardeep S.; Talukder, Shyamal K.; Kleinjan, Jonathan; Turnipseed, Brent; Sehgal, Sunish K.
Source:: BMC plant biology 2019 v.19 no.1 pp. 480
ISSN:: 1471-2229
Subject:: Fusarium head blight; Parastagonospora nodorum; Triticum aestivum; alleles; breeding; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; genetic variation; genomics; landraces; leaf spot; phenotype; quantitative trait loci; races; single nucleotide polymorphism; wheat
Abstract:: ... BACKGROUND: In the late 1920s, A. E. Watkins collected about 7000 landrace cultivars (LCs) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 32 different countries around the world. Among which 826 LCs remain viable and could be a valuable source of superior/favorable alleles to enhance disease resistance in wheat. In the present study, a core set of 121 LCs, which captures the majority of the genetic di ...
DOI:: 10.1186/s12870-019-2093-3
PubMed:: 31703626
PubMed Central:: PMC6839225
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2093-3

74. Molecular determinants required for the avirulence function of AvrPphB in bean and other plants

Author:: Tampakaki, A.P.; Bastaki, M.; Mansfield, J.W.; Panopoulos, N.J.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2002 v.15 no.3 pp. 292-300
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola; cultivars; host range; genetic resistance; phenotype; translocation (plant physiology); genes; bacterial proteins; receptors; molecular weight; virulence; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The avirulence gene avrPphB from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola determines incompatibility, manifested as a hypersensitive reaction (HR), on bean cultivars carrying the R3 resistance gene and also confers avirulence on other plants. The AvrPphB protein carries an embedded consensus myristoylation motif and is cleaved in bacteria and certain plants to yield fragments of about 6 and 28 kDa. W ...
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.3.292
PubMed:: 11952132
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.3.292

75. Mtsym6, a gene conditioning Sinorhizobium strain-specific nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula

Author:: Tirichine, L.; Billy, F. de.; Huguet, T.
Source:: Plant physiology 2000 v.123 no.3 pp. 845-851
ISSN:: 0032-0889
Subject:: nitrogen-fixing bacteria; strains; nitrogen fixation; alleles; phenotype; symbiosis; host plants; meristems; Ensifer meliloti; root nodules; recessive genes; nodulation; homozygosity; Medicago truncatula; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The availability of a wide range of independent lines for the annual medic Medicago truncatula led us to search for natural variants in the symbiotic association with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Twohomozygous lines, Jemalong 6 and DZA315.16, originating from an Australian cultivar and a natural Algerian population, respectively, were inoculated with two wild-type strains of S. meliloti, RCR2011 and A1 ...
PubMed:: 10889234
PubMed Central:: PMC59048

76. Multi‐Level Interactions Arising from Herbivory: A Simulation Analysis of Deciduous Forests Utilizing Foret

Author:: Dyer, M. I.; Shugart, H. H.
Source:: Ecological applications 1992 v.2 no.4 pp. 376-386
ISSN:: 1051-0761
Subject:: Liriodendron tulipifera; Quercus alba; climate; deciduous forests; defense mechanisms; energy; forest ecosystems; forest succession; herbivores; life history; phenotype; shade tolerance; simulation models; temperate forests; tree growth; trees; Southeastern United States
Abstract:: ... We examined potential effects of herbivory on temperate forest ecosystems using FORET, a forest succession simulation model with the capacity for treating various hierarchical levels for long time periods. Two species of trees were chosen for evaluating herbivory effects: white oak (Quercus alba), a relatively slow—growing shade—tolerant species, and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), a fast— ...
DOI:: 10.2307/1941872
: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941872

77. Multi‐modal defences in aphids offer redundant protection and increased costs likely impeding a protective mutualism

Author:: Martinez, Adam J.; Doremus, Matthew R.; Kraft, Laura J.; Kim, Kyungsun L.; Oliver, Kerry M.
Source:: The journal of animal ecology 2018 v.87 no.2 pp. 464-477
ISSN:: 0021-8790
Subject:: Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphidius ervi; defense mechanisms; fecundity; genotype; insects; microorganisms; mutualism; parasitic wasps; parasitism; phenotype; survival rate; symbionts
Abstract:: ... The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, maintains extreme variation in resistance to its most common parasitoid wasp enemy, Aphidius ervi, which is sourced from two known mechanisms: protective bacterial symbionts, most commonly Hamiltonella defensa, or endogenously encoded defences. We have recently found that individual aphids may employ each defence individually, occasionally both defences together ...
DOI:: 10.1111/1365-2656.12675
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12675

78. Multiple duplications of the rare ace-1 mutation F290V in Culex pipiens natural populations

Author:: Alout, Haoués; Labbé, Pierrick; Berthomieu, Arnaud; Pasteur, Nicole; Weill, Mylène
Source:: Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2009 v.39 no.12 pp. 884-891
ISSN:: 0965-1748
Subject:: alleles; carbamate pesticides; insect vectors; insecticide resistance; acetylcholinesterase; phenotype; gene frequency; insect control; detection; defense mechanisms; insect pests; Culex pipiens; evolution; amino acid substitution; organophosphorus insecticides; gene duplication; rapid methods; duplicate genes; Mediterranean region
Abstract:: ... Two amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1), G119S and F290V, are responsible for resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in Culex pipiens mosquitoes. These mutations generate very different levels of insensitivity to insecticide inhibitors. We described here a biochemical method that rapidly identifies AChE1 variants (susceptible, G119S and F290V, named S, R an ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.10.005
PubMed:: 19874892
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.10.005

79. Natural selection in the laboratory for a change in resistance by Drosophila melanogaster to the parasitoid wasp Asobara tabida

Author:: Hughes, K.; Sokolowski, M.B.
Source:: Journal of insect behavior 1996 v.9 no.3 pp. 477-491
ISSN:: 0892-7553
Subject:: Drosophila melanogaster; Braconidae; parasitoids; larvae; natural selection; parasitism; foraging; defense mechanisms; encapsulation; phenotype; behavioral resistance; selection response
DOI:: 10.1007/BF02214024
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214024

80. Negative regulation of defense responses in plants by a conserved MAPKK kinase

Author:: Frye, C.A.; Tang, D.; Innes, R.W.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 v.98 no.1 pp. 373-378
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; interspecific variation; ethylene; Erysiphe cichoracearum; phenotype; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; fungal diseases of plants; mutation; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; amino acid sequences; gene expression; genes; mutants; disease resistance; salicylic acid; nucleotide sequences; pathogenesis-related proteins; chlorophyll; defense mechanisms
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.98.1.373
PubMed:: 11114160
PubMed Central:: PMC14597
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.1.373

81. Non-host resistance of barley is associated with a hydrogen peroxide burst at sites of attempted penetration by wheat powdery mildew fungus

Author:: Huckelhoven, R.; Dechert, C.; Kogel, K.H.
Source:: Molecular plant pathology 2001 v.2 no.4 pp. 199-205
ISSN:: 1464-6722
Subject:: phenotype; Hordeum vulgare; cell walls; hydrogen peroxide; fungal diseases of plants; host plants; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; disease resistance; appressoria; hypersensitive response; defense mechanisms
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00067.x
PubMed:: 20573007
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00067.x

82. Nucleotide sequence and properties of the hrmA locus associated with the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrp gene cluster

Author:: Heu, S.; Hutcheson, S.W.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 1993 v.6 no.5 pp. 553-564
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Glycine max; loci; phenotype; amino acid sequences; pathogenicity; gene expression; genes; nucleotide sequences; Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; disease resistance; bacterial proteins; pathotypes; Nicotiana tabacum; transcription (genetics); defense mechanisms
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI-6-553
PubMed:: 8274770
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-6-553

83. One amino acid change in cucumber mosaic virus RNA polymerase determines virulent/avirulent phenotypes on cowpea

Author:: Karasawa, A.; Okada, I.; Akashi, K.; Chida, Y.; Hase, S.; Nakazawa-Nasu, Y.; Ito, A.; Ehara, Y.
Source:: Phytopathology 1999 v.89 no.12 pp. 1186-1192
ISSN:: 0031-949X
Subject:: Vigna unguiculata; Cucumber mosaic virus; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; virulence; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; defense mechanisms; loci; genes; complementary DNA; messenger RNA; mutants; phenotype; hypersensitive response
Abstract:: ... The elicitation of the hypersensitive response (HR) is known to depend on the interaction between a resistance gene of a host plant and a corresponding avirulence gene of a pathogen. The cv. Kurodane-Sanjaku of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) has the Cry locus that confers resistance against cucumber mosaic virus strain Y (CMV-Y). The resistance is overcome by infection with a legume strain of CMV (CMV ...
DOI:: 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.12.1186
PubMed:: 18944644
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.12.1186

84. Oxidative defense metabolites induced by salinity stress in roots of Salicornia herbacea

Author:: Lee, Seung Jae; Jeong, Eun-Mi; Ki, Ah Young; Oh, Kyung-Seo; Kwon, Joseph; Jeong, Jae-Hyuk; Chung, Nam-Jin
Source:: Journal of plant physiology 2016 v.206 pp. 133-142
ISSN:: 0176-1617
Subject:: flowering; shikimate pathway; polyols; reactive oxygen species; mass spectrometry; plant taxonomy; Salicornia europaea; roots; oxidative stress; metabolites; alkaloids; phenotype; halophytes; ethyl acetate; metabolomics; defense mechanisms; shikimic acid; plant growth; calcium; potassium; sodium chloride; salt stress; inorganic ions; salt tolerance; steroids; phylloquinone; methanol; salinity; stress response; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; magnesium; crops
Abstract:: ... High salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects the growth and development of plants. This type of stress can influence flowering, the production of crops, defense mechanisms and other physiological processes. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate salt-tolerance mechanisms to improve plant growth and productivity in the presence of sodium chloride. One such plant that has been studied ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.015
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.015

85. oxyR, a LysR-Type Regulator Involved in Klebsiella pneumoniae Mucosal and Abiotic Colonization

Author:: Hennequin, Claire; Forestier, Christiane
Source:: Infection and immunity 2009 v.77 no.12 pp. 5449-5457
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Klebsiella pneumoniae; bacteria; bacterial colonization; biofilm; bladder; blood flow; defense mechanisms; gene expression; genome; hydrogen peroxide; in vitro studies; intestinal mucosa; mice; mutants; osmotic stress; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; phenotype; respiratory system; transcription factors
Abstract:: ... Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract is the first event in Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections, followed by colonization of the bladder or respiratory tract or entry into the bloodstream. To survive in the host, bacteria must harbor specific traits and overcome multiple stresses. OxyR is a conserved bacterial transcription factor with a key role both in the upregulation of defense me ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00837-09
PubMed:: 19786563
PubMed Central:: PMC2786449
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00837-09

86. Parental exposure modulates the effects of UV‐B on offspring in guppies

Author:: Ghanizadeh Kazerouni, Ensiyeh; Franklin, Craig E.; Seebacher, Frank
Source:: Functional ecology 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 1082-1090
ISSN:: 0269-8463
Subject:: Poecilia reticulata; acclimation; animals; antioxidant activity; catalase; defense mechanisms; fungi; glutathione; metabolism; parents; phenotype; progeny; proteins; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase; swimming; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:: ... The environment experienced by parents can alter offspring phenotypes. Such developmental plasticity is beneficial when it optimises offspring responses to their prevailing environment. Plasticity may be detrimental, however, if there is a mismatch between parental and offspring environments, although reversible acclimation within individuals could counteract a developmental mismatch. UV‐B radiati ...
DOI:: 10.1111/1365-2435.12817
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12817

87. Peroxide Stimulon and Role of PerR in Group A Streptococcus

Author:: Grifantini, Renata; Toukoki, Chadia; Colaprico, Annalisa; Gryllos, Ioannis
Source:: Journal of bacteriology 2011 v.193 no.23 pp. 6539-6551
ISSN:: 0021-9193
Subject:: genes; DNA repair; Streptococcus; oxidative stress; phenotype; hydrogen peroxide; DNA; iron; peroxidases; amino acids; transcriptome; gene expression regulation; virulence; defense mechanisms; transcription factors; fimbriae; heme; mutation; stress tolerance; biosynthesis; loci; zinc; mutants; bacteria
Abstract:: ... We have characterized group A Streptococcus (GAS) genome-wide responses to hydrogen peroxide and assessed the role of the peroxide response regulator (PerR) in GAS under oxidative stress. Comparison of transcriptome changes elicited by peroxide in wild-type bacteria with those in a perR deletion mutant showed that 76 out of 237 peroxide-regulated genes are PerR dependent. Unlike the PerR-mediated ...
DOI:: 10.1128/JB.05924-11
PubMed:: 21949080
PubMed Central:: PMC3232902
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.05924-11

88. Phage defense mechanisms and their genomic and phenotypic implications in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum

Author:: Castillo, Daniel; Rørbo, Nanna; Jørgensen, Jóhanna; Lange, Janina; Tan, Demeng; Kalatzis, Panos G; Svenningsen, Sine Lo; Middelboe, Mathias
Source:: FEMS microbiology ecology 2019 v.95 no.3
ISSN:: 1574-6941
Subject:: Vibrio anguillarum; amino acids; aquatic bacteria; bacteriophages; biofilm; defense mechanisms; extracellular enzymes; fish; genomics; mutation; pathogens; phage therapy; phenotype; proteinases; secretion; shellfish; stop codon; vibriosis; virulence; virus receptors
Abstract:: ... Vibrio anguillarum is a marine bacterium that can cause vibriosis in many fish and shellfish species. Although phage therapy has been proposed as an alternative treatment, the defense mechanisms against phage infection in V. anguillarum and their impact on host function are not fully understood. Here, we examined phage defense strategies in four V. anguillarum strains during exposure to the broad- ...
DOI:: 10.1093/femsec/fiz004
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz004

89. Phenolic compounds that confer resistance to spruce budworm

Author:: Delvas, Nathalie; Bauce, Éric; Labbé, Caroline; Ollevier, Thierry; Bélanger, Richard
Source:: Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2011 v.141 no.1 pp. 35-44
ISSN:: 0013-8703
Subject:: Choristoneura fumiferana; Picea glauca; conifers; defense mechanisms; defoliation; diet; glucosides; herbivores; high performance liquid chromatography; larvae; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phenolic compounds; phenotype; pupae; shoots; trees
Abstract:: ... Phenolic compounds are apparently important in the defence mechanisms of conifers. To test the hypothesis that phenolic compounds in resistant white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Pinaceae)] impart resistance against spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], we performed aqueous extractions of current‐year shoots of white spruce that were tolerant of vary ...
DOI:: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01161.x
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01161.x

90. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in faecal enterococci from wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Author:: Poeta, P.; Costa, D.; Igrejas, G.; Rodrigues, J.; Torres, C.
Source:: Veterinary microbiology 2007 v.125 no.3-4 pp. 368-374
ISSN:: 0378-1135
Subject:: enteropathogens; strains; drug resistance; phenotype; swine diseases; feces; risk assessment; genotype; bacterial infections; defense mechanisms; epidemiological studies; Enterococcus; wildlife diseases; Sus scrofa; pathogen identification; wild boars; microbial genetics; disease reservoirs; disease prevalence; disease transmission; digestive system diseases; anti-infective agents; Portugal
Abstract:: ... The objective was to study the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms implicated in faecal enterococci of wild boars in Portugal. One hundred and thirty-four enterococci (67 E. faecium, 54 E. hirae, 2 E. faecalis, 2 E. durans and 9 Enterococcus spp.) were recovered from 67 wild boars (two isolates/sample), and were further analysed. High percentages of resistance were detected f ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.003
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.003

91. Phenotypic Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Rice with Pubescent Leaves and Glabrous Hulls (PLgh)

Author:: Hu, Biaolin; Wan, Yong; Li, Xia; Zhang, Fantao; Yan, Wengui; Xie, Jiankun
Source:: Crop science 2013 v.53 no.5 pp. 1878
ISSN:: 0011-183X
Subject:: Oryza sativa; abiotic stress; crossing; defense mechanisms; dominant genes; genetic techniques and protocols; genotype; germplasm; hairs; harvesting; hulls; inheritance (genetics); leaves; phenotype; rice; storage; transportation; trichomes
Abstract:: ... Pubescence (hairs or trichomes) of leaves is advantageous against biotic and abiotic stress, and that of hulls is disadvantageous as it interferes with field operations, such as harvesting and processing. Previous phenotypic and genotypic studies on rice (L.) pubescence used materials that had pubescent or glabrous leaves and hulls. From the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC), two accessions ...
Handle:: 10113/57882
DOI:: 10.2135/cropsci2012.09.0522
: https://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.09.0522

92. Phosphate excess increases susceptibility to pathogen infection in rice

Author:: Campos‐Soriano, Lidia; Bundó, Mireia; Bach‐Pages, Marcel; Chiang, Su‐Fen; Chiou, Tzyy‐Jen; San Segundo, Blanca
Source:: Molecular plant pathology 2020 v.21 no.4 pp. 555-570
ISSN:: 1464-6722
Subject:: Magnaporthe oryzae; Oryza sativa; agricultural soils; bioavailability; blast disease; crop yield; defense mechanisms; disease control; disease resistance; disease susceptibility; fertilizers; fungi; immunity; leaves; pathogenesis-related proteins; pathogens; phenotype; phosphates; phosphorus; plant growth; rice; signal transduction
Abstract:: ... Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and productivity. Due to soil fixation, however, phosphorus availability in soil is rarely sufficient to sustain high crop yields. The overuse of fertilizers to circumvent the limited bioavailability of phosphate (Pi) has led to a scenario of excessive soil P in agricultural soils. Whereas adaptive responses to Pi deficiency have been deeply ...
DOI:: 10.1111/mpp.12916
PubMed:: 32072745
PubMed Central:: PMC7060143
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12916

93. PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 2 exhibits unequal genetic redundancy with its homolog PRL1

Author:: Weihmann, Tabea; Palma, Kristoffer; Nitta, Yukino; Li, Xin
Source:: Plant & cell physiology 2012 v.53 no.9 pp. 1617-1626
ISSN:: 0032-0781
Subject:: alleles; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; gain-of-function mutation; gene expression; gene expression regulation; loci; loss-of-function mutation; microorganisms; mutants; pathogens; phenotype; proteins; virulence
Abstract:: ... In plants, signaling leading to resistance against biotrophic pathogens is complex. Perception of pathogenic microbes by resistance (R) proteins is relayed though successive activities of downstream components, in a network that is not well understood. PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1 (PRL1) and >20 other proteins are members of the MOS4-associated complex (MAC), a regulatory node in defense signali ...
DOI:: 10.1093/pcp/pcs103
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcs103

94. Positive and negative regulation of salicylic acid-dependent cell death and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis lsd6 and ssi1 mutants

Author:: Greenberg, J.T.
Source:: Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2000 v.13 no.8 pp. 877-881
ISSN:: 0894-0282
Subject:: Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae; salicylic acid; apoptosis; disease resistance; defense mechanisms; mutants; gene expression; regulatory sequences; phenotype; mutation
DOI:: 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.8.877
PubMed:: 10939259
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.8.877

95. Protease-armed bacteria in the skin

Author:: Koziel, Joanna; Potempa, Jan
Source:: Cell and tissue research 2013 v.351 no.2 pp. 325-337
ISSN:: 0302-766X
Subject:: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; adhesins; antimicrobial peptides; bacteria; chemoattractants; collagen; complement; defense mechanisms; dermis; edema; elastin; keratinocytes; neutrophils; pain; pathogens; phenotype; proteinases; receptors; virulence
Abstract:: ... The skin constitutes a formidable barrier against commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which permanently and transiently colonise the skin, respectively. Commensal and pathogenic species inhabiting skin both express proteases. Whereas proteases secreted by commensals contribute to homeostatic bacterial coexistence on skin, proteases from pathogenic bacteria are used as virulence factors, helping the ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00441-012-1355-2
PubMed:: 22358849
PubMed Central:: PMC3560952
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1355-2

96. Protein phosphatase 2A alleviates cadmium toxicity by modulating ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:: Chen, Jie; Wang, Xue; Zhang, Wenwen; Zhang, Shuqun; Zhao, Fang‐Jie
Source:: Plant, cell and environment 2020 v.43 no.4 pp. 1008-1022
ISSN:: 0140-7791
Subject:: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase; Arabidopsis thaliana; cadmium; carboxylic acids; catalytic activity; cytoplasm; defense mechanisms; enzyme activity; ethylene; ethylene production; gene expression regulation; genes; genomics; growth retardation; mutants; phenotype; phosphoprotein phosphatase; phytotoxicity; protein subunits; roots; shoots
Abstract:: ... Cadmium (Cd) is phytotoxic and detoxified primarily via phytochelatin (PC) complexation in Arabidopsis. Here, we explore Cd toxicity responses and defence mechanisms beyond the PC pathway using forward genetics approach. We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana Cd‐hypersensitive mutant, Cd‐induced short root 1 (cdsr1) in the PC synthase mutant (cad1‐3) background. Using genomic resequencing and complem ...
DOI:: 10.1111/pce.13716
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13716

97. Puccinia sorghi in Sinaloa, Mexico virulent on corn with Rp1-D gene

Author:: Pataky, J.K.; Natti, T.A.; Snyder, E.B.; Kurowski, C.J.
Source:: Plant disease 2000 v.84 no.7 pp. 810
ISSN:: 0191-2917
Subject:: rust diseases; Zea mays; hybrids; genetic resistance; sporulation; phenotype; Puccinia sorghi; disease resistance; incidence; virulence; defense mechanisms; Mexico
DOI:: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.810A
: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.810A

98. Quantitative and qualitative phenotyping of disease resistance of crops by hyperspectral sensors: seamless interlocking of phytopathology, sensors, and machine learning is needed!

Author:: Mahlein, Anne-Katrin; Kuska, Matheus Thomas; Thomas, Stefan; Wahabzada, Mirwaes; Behmann, Jan; Rascher, Uwe; Kersting, Kristian
Source:: Current opinion in plant biology 2019 v.50 pp. 156-162
ISSN:: 1369-5266
Subject:: artificial intelligence; crops; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; fungi; genetic markers; genotype; greenhouses; optical properties; pathogenesis; phenotype; plant breeding; plant organs; plant pathogens; plant pathology; robots; screening
Abstract:: ... Determination and characterization of resistance reactions of crops against fungal pathogens are essential to select resistant genotypes. In plant breeding, phenotyping of genotypes is realized by time consuming and expensive visual plant ratings. During resistance reactions and during pathogenesis plants initiate different structural and biochemical defence mechanisms, which partly affect the opt ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.06.007
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.06.007

99. Quantitative trait loci mapping of leaf rust resistance in tetraploid alfalfa

Author:: Adhikari, Laxman; Missaoui, Ali M.
Source:: Physiological and molecular plant pathology 2019 v.106 pp. 238-245
ISSN:: 0885-5765
Subject:: Uromyces; alfalfa; clones; cold; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; dormancy; females; forage yield; fungi; genetic background; genetic improvement; genotyping by sequencing; leaf rust; males; marker-assisted selection; parents; pathogens; phenotype; phenotypic correlation; phenotypic variation; polygenic inheritance; quantitative trait loci; sequence analysis; single nucleotide polymorphism; tetraploidy; winter; winter hardiness; Georgia
Abstract:: ... Alfalfa leaf rust caused by the fungal pathogen Uromyces striatus compromises forage yield and quality. We investigated the genetic basis of leaf rust resistance in alfalfa using an F1 mapping population segregating for resistance to the disease in addition to segregation for fall dormancy (FD) and winter hardiness (WH). The objective of this work was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associate ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.02.006
Chorus Open Access:: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.02.006
: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.02.006

100. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Ovicidal Responsein Rice (Oryza sativa L.) against Whitebacked Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Horváth)

Author:: Yamasaki, Masanori; Tsunematsu, Hiroshi; Yoshimura, Atsushi; Iwata, Nobuo; Yasui, Hideshi
Source:: Crop science 1999 v.39 no.4 pp. 1178-1183
ISSN:: 0011-183X
Subject:: restriction fragment length polymorphism; Sogatella furcifera; insect pests; alleles; loci; quantitative analysis; ova; phenotype; Oryza sativa; epistasis; chromosome mapping; pest resistance; genetic markers; defense mechanisms
Abstract:: ... The ovicidal response in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera Horváth, is characterized by the formation of watery lesions which result in the death of WBPH eggs. To determine the genetic mechanism of this ovicidal response, a set of 71 rice recombinant inbred (RI) lines (F₈, F₉, and F₁₀) derived from a cross of japonica cultivar Asominori and indica cultiv ...
DOI:: 10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900040038x
: https://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900040038x

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1. Abnormal callose response phenotype and hypersusceptibility to Peronospora parasitica in defense-compromised Arabidopsis nim1-1 and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants

2. Additional resistance gene(s) against Cladosporium fulvum present on the Cf-9 introgression segment are associated with strong PR protein accumulation

3. A haplotype-specific resistance gene regulated by BONZAI1 mediates temperature-dependent growth control in Arabidopsis

4. A humidity-sensitive Arabidopsis copine mutant exhibits precocious cell death and increased disease resistance

5. Altered lignin structure and resistance to pathogens in spi 2-expressing tobacco plants

6. A major gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in western white pine from the Western Cascade Range

7. A new strategy of immune evasion by influenza A virus: Inhibition of monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells

8. Anti-microbial susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina

9. A pepper RING‐type E3 ligase, CaASRF1, plays a positive role in drought tolerance via modulation of CaAIBZ1 stability

10. Apoptosis and aging: increased resistance to apoptosis enhances the aging process

11. A proteomic study of resistance to Brown Ring disease in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

12. Arabidopsis RAR1 exerts rate-limiting control of R gene-mediated defenses against multiple pathogens

13. Arabidopsis thaliana EDS4 contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent expression of defense responses: evidence for inhibition of jasmonic acid signaling by SA

14. A semi-dominant mutation in a CC-NB-LRR-type protein leads to a short-root phenotype in rice

15. A signal transfer system through three compartments transduces the plant cell contact-dependent signal controlling Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes

16. A tomato homeobox gene (HD-Zip) is involved in limiting the spread of programmed cell death

17. A transient assay system for the functional assessment of defense-related genes in wheat

18. Changes in secondary metabolism and deposition of an unusual lignin in the ref8 mutant of Arabidopsis

19. Characterization and genetic analysis of the oshpl3 rice lesion mimic mutant showing spontaneous cell death and enhanced bacterial blight resistance

20. Characterization of acquired resistance in lesion-mimic transgenic potato expressing bacterio-opsin

21. Characterization of a new Arabidopsis mutant exhibiting enhanced disease resistance

22. Characterization of antisense transformed plants deficient in the tobacco anionic peroxidase

23. Characterizing rice lesion mimic mutants and identifying a mutant with broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight

24. Chemical phenotype matching between a plant and its insect herbivore

25. Comparative genome analysis and characterization of a MDR Klebsiella variicola

26. Constitutive Activation of NAD-Dependent Sirtuin 3 Plays an Important Role in Tumorigenesis of Chromium(VI)-Transformed Cells

27. Contribution of the Rgg Transcription Regulator to Metabolism and Virulence of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2

28. COS1: an Arabidopsis coronatine insensitive1 suppressor essential for regulation of jasmonate-mediated plant defense and senescence

29. Differential gene expression of two extreme honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies showing varroa tolerance and susceptibility

30. Diversity of defence mechanisms in plant-oomycete interactions: a case study of Lactuca spp. and Bremia lactucae

31. Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interactions Reveal that Fungal Background Influences Outcome during Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Humans

32. Early Senescence and Cell Death in Arabidopsis saul1 Mutants Involves the PAD4-Dependent Salicylic Acid Pathway

33. Effect of three suppressors on the expression of powdery mildew resistance genes in barley

34. Effects of phosphoglucomutase gene (PGM) in Streptococcus parauberis on innate immune response and pathogenicity of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

35. Elucidating cellular mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerant to combined lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors using high-throughput phenotyping and multiomics analyses

36. Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidases and Protein Quality Control Factors Cooperate to Establish Biotrophy in Ustilago maydis

37. Evidence for plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease in honeybees

38. Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

39. Exploring the oxidative, antimicrobial and genomic properties of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry

40. Female great tits do not alter their yolk androgen deposition when infested with a low-transmittable ectoparasite

41. Fortunella margarita Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

42. Functional analysis of a pathogenesis-related thaumatin-like protein gene TaLr35PR5 from wheat induced by leaf rust fungus

43. Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol

44. Future directions in the ontogeny of plant defence: understanding the evolutionary causes and consequences

45. Gene stability in transgenic aspen (Populus). II. Molecular characterization of variable expression of transgenic in wild and hybrid aspen

46. Genetic diversity in natural populations: a fundamental component of plant-microbe interactions

47. Genetic susceptibility to West Nile virus infection in Camargue horses

48. HLM1, an essential signaling component in the hypersensitive response, is a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel ion channel family

49. Host age choice for oviposition in Pauesia juniperorum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and its effect on the parasitoid's biology and host population growth

50. hxc2, an Arabidopsis mutant with an altered hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

51. Identification and characterization of the Non-race specific Disease Resistance 1 (NDR1) orthologous protein in coffee

52. Identification and expression of genes in response to cassava bacterial blight infection

53. Identification and functional characterisation of an allene oxide synthase from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon blanc)

54. Identification of a novel gene HYS1/CPR5 that has a repressive role in the induction of leaf senescence and pathogen-defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

55. Identification of arabidopsis mutants exhibiting an altered hypersensitive response in gene-for-gene disease resistance

56. Identification of tomato introgression lines with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to infection by parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa)

57. Inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Mps1 from the rice blast fungus prevents penetration of host cells but allows activation of plant defense responses

58. Induced defenses in herbivores and plants differentially modulate a trophic cascade

59. Induced resistance responses in maize

60. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase expression in Arabidopsis causes a lesion-mimic phenotype that induces systemic acquired resistance

61. Inhibition of the development of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) by treatment of wheat with allopurinol and production of a hypersenitive-like reaction in a compatible host

62. Integrated physiological and proteomic analysis reveals underlying response and defense mechanisms of Brachypodium distachyon seedling leaves under osmotic stress, cadmium and their combined stresses

63. Interactions between elicitins and radish Raphanus sativus

64. Interactive physiological potential of Peyronellaea curtisii (=Phoma narcissi) strains for enzymatic attack and defence capabilities against phytoalexins

65. Interplay of measles virus with early induced cytokines reveals different wild type phenotypes

66. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis

67. Linking transcriptomic and proteomic data on the level of protein interaction networks

68. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens

69. Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance

70. Macrolide-lincosamide-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis