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You searched for: Subject term digestive system Remove constraint Subject term: digestive system Subject term humans Remove constraint Subject term: humans
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1. Whey research

Author:
E. W. Evans
Source:
International journal of dairy technology 1980 v.33 no.3 pp. 95-100
ISSN:
1364-727X
Subject:
digestive system; dough; fractionation; functional properties; humans; ion exchange; lactose; lactose intolerance; neonates; nutrient density; peroxidase; taint; whey; whey protein
Abstract:
... The composition of whey is briefly discussed and less well‐known areas for research on whey are highlighted. On whole whey solids aspects of lactose intolerance and of whey taint require attention. Lactose derivatives, the flavour‐binding quality of lactose, and its precise behaviour in dough require sudy. A long‐shot application for binding fines in steelmaking forms the subject of an American sp ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-0307.1980.tb00002.x

2. Feline urticaria pigmentosa in three related Sphinx cats

Author:
CARLO B. VITALE; PETER J. IHRKE; THIERRY OLIVRY; ANTHONY A. STANNARD
Source:
Veterinary dermatology 1996 v.7 no.4 pp. 227-233
ISSN:
0959-4493
Subject:
Sphinx; cats; clinical examination; digestive system; head; humans; mast cells; neck; pigmentation; urticaria; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Abstract A pruritic maculopapular eruption with clinical and histological features similar to urticaria pigmentosa of humans is reported in three related Sphinx cats. All cats shared the same grandsire, had a juvenile onset of disease, and demonstrated similar historical, clinical and histological findings. Physical examination revealed widespread bilaterally symmetrical, erythematous, partially c ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3164.1996.tb00251.x

3. Phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut

Author:
Barcenilla, A.; Pryde, S.E.; Martin, J.C.; Duncan, S.H.; Stewart, C.S.; Henderson, C.; Flint, H.J.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2000 v.66 no.4 pp. 1654-1661
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Eubacterium ramulus; Eubacterium rectale; Gram-positive bacteria; Roseburia cecicola; acetates; adults; butyrates; coenzyme A; digestive system; energy; epithelial cells; feces; flora; humans; intestinal microorganisms; omnivores; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; ribotypes; transferases; vegetarian diet
Abstract:
... Butyrate is a preferred energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is thought to play an important role in maintaining colonic health in humans. In order to investigate the diversity and stability of butyrate-producing organisms of the colonic flora, anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria were isolated from freshly voided human fecal samples from three healthy individuals: an infant, an adult o ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.66.4.1654-1661.2000
PubMed:
10742256
PubMed Central:
PMC92037

4. Structural and functional characterization of the mouse Hlx homeobox gene

Author:
Michael D. Bates; Lynn C. Schatzman; Thierry Lints; Philip E. Hamlin; Richard P. Harvey; S. Steven Potter
Source:
Mammalian genome 2000 v.11 no.10 pp. 836-842
ISSN:
0938-8990
Subject:
TATA box; binding sites; digestive system; homeotic genes; humans; introns; mice; ribonucleases; sequence analysis; transcription factors
Abstract:
... Hlx is a mesenchymally expressed homeobox transcription factor gene that is essential for normal intestinal and hepatic development in the mouse. Here we report further characterization of the mouse Hlx gene, including an additional 3.7 kb of 5′ sequence as well as the sequence of the three introns. Comparison of the sequence of the mouse Hlx gene 5′ to the coding region with that of the human gen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s003350010179
PubMed:
11003696

5. Screening of antifeedant activity in brain extracts led to the identification of sulfakinin as a satiety promoter in the German cockroach. : Are arthropod sulfakinins homologous to vertebrate gastrins–cholecystokinins?

Author:
José L. Maestro; Ruth Aguilar; Nuria Pascual; Mari‐Luz Valero; Maria‐Dolors Piulachs; David Andreu; Isabel Navarro; Xavier Bellés
Source:
European journal of biochemistry 2001 v.268 no.22 pp. 5824-5830
ISSN:
0014-2956
Subject:
Blattella germanica; Carassius auratus; adults; antifeeding activity; arthropods; brain; carotenoids; carrots; cluster analysis; digestive system; evolution; females; food intake; fractionation; goldfish; high performance liquid chromatography; humans; insects; monitoring; peptides; satiety; screening; vitellogenesis
Abstract:
... The feeding cycle of the adult female cockroach Blattella germanica parallels vitellogenesis. The study of the mechanisms that regulate this cycle led us to look for food‐intake inhibitors in brain extracts. The antifeedant activity of brain extracts was tested in vivo by injecting the extract and measuring the carotenoids contained in the gut from carrot ingested after the treatment. By HPLC fr ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02527.x

6. Choline-induced carnitine conservation by increased fractional tubular reabsorption of carnitine in guinea pigs

Author:
Daily, James W. III; Park, Eun-Sook; Hongu, Nobuko; Sachan, Dileep S.
Source:
Nutrition research 2002 v.22 no.10 pp. 1219-1230
ISSN:
0271-5317
Subject:
absorption; body fat; carnitine; choline; diet; digestive system; excretion; feces; feed intake; guinea pigs; humans; muscles; skeletal muscle
Abstract:
... Urinary carnitine excretion is decreased by supplemental choline in humans and guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, the decreased excretion is associated with increased carnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle and decreased body fat. This study evaluated the effect of choline supplementation at various levels (0, 2, 5, or 10 g choline per kg diet) on feed intake, intestinal carnitine retention, whole b ...

7. Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus Modify Bowel Function and Protein Catabolites Excreted by Healthy Humans

Author:
Swanson, Kelly S.; Grieshop, Christine M.; Flickinger, Elizabeth A.; Bauer, Laura L.; Wolf, Bryan W.; Chow, JoMay; Garleb, Keith A.; Williams, Jennifer A.; Fahey, George C. Jr.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2002 v.132 no.10 pp. 3042-3050
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Lactobacillus acidophilus; agmatine; ammonia; corn starch; digestive system; experimental design; feces; fructooligosaccharides; humans; linear models; metabolites; organic matter; phenol; putrescine; statistical analysis; sucrose
Abstract:
... The objective of this experiment was to determine whether supplementation with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and (or) Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC) affected bowel function and fermentative end-product concentrations in feces of healthy humans. Subjects (n = 68) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study design. After a 4-wk baseline period, subjects consumed o ...
PubMed:
12368393

8. Species-restricted antibody response against a DNA-construct coding for aspartic proteinase from Schistosoma japonicum

Author:
K. Chlichlia; M. Bahgat; V. Schirrmacher; A. Ruppel
Source:
Parasitology research 2002 v.88 no.4 pp. 368-375
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
parasites; Schistosoma japonicum; proteins; complementary DNA; antigens; humans; antibodies; mice; cathepsin D; vaccination; digestive system
Abstract:
... DNA-based vaccine technology was used to immunize against the schistosome digestive enzyme, cathepsin D aspartic proteinase. The cDNA coding for Schistosoma japonicum aspartic proteinase was cloned in a mammalian expression vector under control of the CMV promoter/enhancer and expressed for the first time in transfected mammalian cells as well as in mice immunized – by means of intra-ear pinna inj ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-001-0547-6
PubMed:
11999027

9. Triacylglycerol Molecular Weight and to a Lesser Extent, Fatty Acid Positional Distribution, Affect Chylomicron Triacylglycerol Composition in Women

Author:
Yli-Jokipii, Kaisa M.; Schwab, Ursula S.; Tahvonen, Raija L.; Kurvinen, Juha-Pekka; Mykkänen, Hannu M.; Kallio, Heikki P.T.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2002 v.132 no.5 pp. 924-929
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
cardiovascular diseases; digestive system; humans; linoleic acid; molecular weight; palm oils; palmitic acid; risk factors; tandem mass spectrometry; triolein; tripalmitin; volunteers; women
Abstract:
... Postprandial composition of chylomicron triacylglycerols (TAG) and their clearance may be affected by the molecular weight of TAG, their fatty acid (FA) combinations and the positional distribution of FA in TAG. Delayed postprandial TAG clearance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, due to the complexity of traditional analysis methods, the composition of individual TAG molecules ...
PubMed:
11983815

10. Chlorogenic Acid Bioavailability Largely Depends on Its Metabolism by the Gut Microflora in Rats

Author:
Gonthier, Marie-Paule; Verny, Marie-Anne; Besson, Catherine; Rémésy, Christian; Scalbert, Augustin
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.6 pp. 1853-1859
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
anticarcinogenic activity; antioxidants; bioavailability; caffeic acid; chlorogenic acid; diet; digestive system; excretion; fruits; hippuric acid; humans; hydrolysis; intestinal absorption; intestinal microorganisms; mass spectrometry; metabolism; metabolites; polyphenols; quinic acid; rats; urine; vegetables
Abstract:
... Chlorogenic acid, the ester of caffeic acid with quinic acid, is one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet with coffee, fruits and vegetables as its major sources. Its antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties have been well established in animal studies. However, little is known about its gut absorption and metabolism. In the present work, four groups of rats (n = 8) were fed a die ...
PubMed:
12771329

11. An enclosed-chamber labeling system for the safe 14C-enrichment of phytochemicals in plant cell suspension cultures

Author:
Grusak, M.A.; Rogers, R.B.; Yousef, G.G.; Erdman, J.W. Jr.; Lila, M.A.
Source:
In vitro cellular & developmental biology 2004 v.40 no.1 pp. 80-85
ISSN:
1054-5476
Subject:
anthocyanins; grapes; humans; internal temperature; glucose; disease prevention; gas exchange; air temperature; sucrose; Vaccinium; carbon; air; oxygen; Vitis vinifera; digestive system; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... Various plant secondary products have been implicated in the promotion of good health or the prevention of disease in humans, but little is known about the way they are absorbed in the gut, or in which tissues they are deposited throughout the body. While these issues could be studied if the phytochemicals were isotopically labeled, generating labeled molecules often is problematic because many co ...
DOI:
10.1079/IVP2003484

12. Identification method based on PCR combined with automated ribotyping for tracking probiotic Lactobacillus strains colonizing the human gut and vagina

Author:
Massi, M.; Vitali, B.; Federici, F.; Matteuzzi, D.; Brigidi, P.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2004 v.96 no.4 pp. 777-786
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
DNA primers; Lactobacillus; bacteria; digestive system; feces; freeze drying; humans; microbial ecology; nucleotide sequences; oral administration; polymerase chain reaction; probiotics; ribosomal DNA; vagina
Abstract:
... Aims: A molecular methodology based on PCR-associated automated ribotyping was developed to specifically detect the Lactobacillus strains of two probiotic products (an orally administered lyophilized preparation and vaginal tablets) in human faeces and vaginal swabs. Methods and Results: The 16S-23S rDNA sequences and the ribotype profiles of the probiotic lactobacilli were characterized and new s ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02228.x

13. Cereulide-producing strains of Bacillus cereus show diversity

Author:
Apetroaie, Camelia; Andersson, Maria A.; Spröer, Cathrin; Tsitko, Irina; Shaheen, Ranad; Jääskeläinen, Elina L.; Wijnands, Luc M.; Heikkilä, Ritva; Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja S.
Source:
Archives of microbiology 2005 v.184 no.3 pp. 141-151
ISSN:
0302-8933
Subject:
Bacillus cereus; biomass; digestive system; foodborne illness; genes; hemolysis; humans; hydrolysis; nucleotide sequences; phenotype; ribosomal RNA
Abstract:
... Producers of cereulide, the emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus, are known to constitute a specific subset within this species. We investigated physiological and genetic properties of 24 strains of B. cereus including two high cereulide producers (600-1,800 ng cereulide mg-¹ wet weight biomass), seven average producers (180-600 ng cereulide mg-¹ wet weight biomass), four low cereulide producers (20-16 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00203-005-0032-1
PubMed:
16195898

14. Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)-Negative Campylobacter jejuni Strains and Anti-CDT Neutralizing Antibodies Are Induced during Human Infection but Not during Colonization in Chickens

Author:
AbuOun, Manal; Manning, Georgina; Cawthraw, Shaun A.; Ridley, Anne; Ahmed, If H.; Wassenaar, Trudy M.; Newell, Diane G.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.5 pp. 3053-3062
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
Campylobacter jejuni; antiserum; campylobacteriosis; chickens; digestive system; genes; human diseases; humans; immune response; in vitro studies; loci; neutralization; neutralization tests; neutralizing antibodies; patients; proline; rabbits; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; serine; site-directed mutagenesis
Abstract:
... The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of Campylobacter jejuni was detectable, using an in vitro assay, in most but not all of 24 strains tested. The reason for the absence of toxin activity in these naturally occurring CDT-negative C. jejuni strains was then investigated at the genetic level. CDT is encoded by three highly conserved genes, cdtA, -B, and -C. In the CDT-negative strains, two types o ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.73.5.3053-3062.2005
PubMed:
15845513
PubMed Central:
PMC1087314

15. Immunization of Volunteers with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain Ty21a Elicits the Oligoclonal Expansion of CD8⁺ T Cells with Predominant V{szligbeta} Repertoires

Author:
Salerno-Gonçalves, Rosângela; Wahid, Rezwanul; Sztein, Marcelo B.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.6 pp. 3521-3530
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
phenotype; antigens; T-lymphocytes; humans; cytotoxicity; interferon-gamma; secretion; serotypes; flow cytometry; typhoid fever; clones; monoclonal antibodies; immunization; integrins; digestive system; Salmonella Typhi
Abstract:
... CD8⁺ T cells are likely to play an important role in host defense against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi by several effector mechanisms, including lysis of infected cells (cytotoxicity) and gamma interferon (IFN-[gamma]) secretion. In an effort to better understand these responses, we studied the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of serovar Typhi-specific CD8⁺ T cells in humans. To this end, we ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.73.6.3521-3530.2005
PubMed:
15908381
PubMed Central:
PMC1111837

16. A Thermostable α-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus fermentum CRL722: Genetic Characterization and Main Properties

Author:
Carrera-Silva, E. A.; Silvestroni, A.; LeBlanc, J. G.; Piard, J.-C.; Savoy de Giori, G.; Sesma, F.
Source:
Current microbiology 2006 v.53 no.5 pp. 374-378
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Lactobacillus fermentum; alpha-galactosidase; digestive system; digestive system diseases; genes; humans; ion exchange chromatography; nutritive value; pH; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; raffinose; soybean products; stachyose; temperature; thermal stability; thermophilic microorganisms; vegetables
Abstract:
... α-Galactosidase (α-Gal) enzyme, which is encoded by the melA gene hydrolyzes α-1,6 galactoside linkages found in sugars, such as raffinose and stachyose. These α-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS), which are found in large quantities in vegetables, such as soy, can cause gastrointestinal disorders in sensitive individuals because monogastric animals (including humans) do not posses α-Gal in the gut. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-005-0442-y

17. Characterization of (R)-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase and a Family III Coenzyme A Transferase Involved in Reduction of L-Leucine to Isocaproate by Clostridium difficile

Author:
Kim, Jihoe; Darley, Daniel; Selmer, Thorsten; Buckel, Wolfgang
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2006 v.72 no.9 pp. 6062-6069
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Clostridium difficile; Escherichia coli; NAD (coenzyme); amino acid sequences; bacteria; digestive system; enzymes; fermentation; genes; humans; leucine; proteins; site-directed mutagenesis; substrate specificity
Abstract:
... The strictly anaerobic pathogenic bacterium Clostridium difficile occurs in the human gut and is able to thrive from fermentation of leucine. Thereby the amino acid is both oxidized to isovalerate plus CO₂ and reduced to isocaproate. In the reductive branch of this pathway, the dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to (E)-2-isocaprenoyl-CoA is probably catalyzed via radical inter ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.00772-06
PubMed:
16957230
PubMed Central:
PMC1563608

18. Dietary synergies in appetite control: Distal gastrointestinal tract

Author:
Woods, S.C.
Source:
Obesity 2006 v.14 pp. 171S-178S
ISSN:
1930-7381
Subject:
portion size; ingestion; humans; apolipoproteins; appetite; signal transduction; peptides; protein secretion; small intestine; glucagon-like peptides; meals (menu)

19. Enterocyte Cytoskeleton Changes Are Crucial for Enhanced Translocation of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli across Metabolically Stressed Gut Epithelia

Author:
Nazli, Aisha; Wang, Arthur; Steen, Oren; Prescott, David; Lu, Jun; Perdue, Mary H.; Söderholm, Johan D.; Sherman, Philip M.; McKay, Derek M.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.1 pp. 192-201
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
Escherichia coli; antigens; apoptosis; bacteria; colchicine; digestive system; endocytosis; epithelial cells; flora; humans; inflammation; microfilaments; microtubules; mucosa; oxidative phosphorylation; permeability; physiological transport; protein synthesis; relapse; stabilizers
Abstract:
... Substantial data implicate the commensal flora as triggers for the initiation of enteric inflammation or inflammatory disease relapse. We have shown that enteric epithelia under metabolic stress respond to nonpathogenic bacteria by increases in epithelial paracellular permeability and bacterial translocation. Here we assessed the structural basis of these findings. Confluent filter-grown monolayer ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.74.1.192-201.2006
PubMed:
16368973
PubMed Central:
PMC1346602

20. Environmental Signals Generate a Differential and Coordinated Expression of the Heme Receptor Gene Family of Bartonella quintana

Author:
Battisti, James M.; Sappington, Kate N.; Smitherman, Laura S.; Parrow, Nermi L.; Minnick, Michael F.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.6 pp. 3251-3261
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
Bartonella quintana; Pediculus humanus; bacteria; blood flow; desorption; digestive system; endocarditis; fever; gene expression regulation; genes; heme; humans; immunoblotting; insect vectors; ionization; mass spectrometry; oxygen; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; promoter regions; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reactive oxygen species; receptors; transcription (genetics); virulence
Abstract:
... Of all bacteria, Bartonella quintana has the highest reported in vitro hemin requirement, yet an explanation for this remains elusive. To produce diseases such as trench fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis, B. quintana must survive and replicate in the disparate environments of the Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse) gut and the human vasculature. We previously identified a five-me ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.00245-06
PubMed:
16714552
PubMed Central:
PMC1479232