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1. Nondestructive and rapid method for sex identification of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra by anal swab sampling

Author:
Zixuan E; Chuhang Cheng; Feifei Wu; Chunhua Ren; Rong Chen; Yingzhu Rao; Bo Ma; Xiao Jiang; Peng Luo; Xiaomin Li; Xin Zhang; Fajun Jiang; Chaoqun Hu; Ting Chen
Source:
Aquaculture 2023 v.562 pp. 738749
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
DNA; Holothuria scabra; aquaculture; dimorphism; females; genomics; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; males; phenotype; rapid methods; reproduction; South East Asia
Abstract:
... As one of the most economically significant sea cucumber species, Holothuria scabra are naturally distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region and are widely cultural in Southeast Asia. The appearances of female and male H. scabra have no obvious phenotypic dimorphism. Thus, identification of sex-specific markers and establishment of sex detection methods are beneficial to artificially induced repr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738749

2. Simonachne, a new genus for Australia segregated from Ancistrachne s.l. (Poaceae:Panicoideae:Paniceae) and a new subtribe Cleistochloinae

Author:
E. J. Thompson
Source:
Australian systematic botany 2022 v.35 no.1 pp. 19-62
ISSN:
1030-1887
Subject:
Ancistrachne; Calyptochloa; Entolasia; Panicum; cleistogamy; cluster analysis; culms; data collection; dimorphism; monophyly; new genus; spikelets; Australia
Abstract:
... A new genus, Simonachne E.J.Thomps. is described and Ancistrachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) Vickery is transferred to it as Simonachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) E.J.Thomps. The new subtribe Cleistochloinae E.J.Thomps. is described and is composed of four genera, Calyptochloa , Cleistochloa , Dimorphochloa and Simonachne , united by distinctive morphology that is associated with reproductive dimorphism. Phenet ...
DOI:
10.1071/SB20024

3. Colony composition, phasic reproduction, and queen–worker dimorphism of an oriental non-army ant doryline Cerapachys sulcinodis species complex in northern Thailand

Author:
R. Mizuno; P. Suttiprapan; W. Jaitrong; A. Yamada; F. Ito
Source:
Insectes sociaux 2022 v.69 no.1 pp. 19-35
ISSN:
0020-1812
Subject:
Cerapachys; body size; dimorphism; evolution; polygyny; Thailand
Abstract:
... The ant subfamily Dorylinae consists of the true army ants and non-army ant genera. The biology of these non-army ants is important in discussing the evolution of the army ant adaptive syndrome. We report on the colony composition, morphological characteristics, and phasic reproduction of a non-army doryline ant Cerapachys sulcinodis species complex collected in northern Thailand. Colony size was ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00040-021-00841-5

4. Deep impact of the inactivation of the SecA2-only protein export pathway on the proteosurfaceome of Listeria monocytogenes

Author:
Ingrid Chafsey; Rafal Ostrowski; Morgan Guilbaud; Pilar Teixeira; Jean-Marie Herry; Nelly Caccia; Christophe Chambon; Michel Hébraud; Joana Azeredo; Marie-Noëlle Bellon-Fontaine; Magdalena Popowska; Mickaël Desvaux
Source:
Journal of proteomics 2022 v.250 pp. 104388
ISSN:
1874-3919
Subject:
Listeria monocytogenes; adhesion; bacterial adhesion; biofilm; biogenesis; biotopes; cell differentiation; dimorphism; ecophysiology; humans; hydrophilicity; listeriosis; morphs; pathogens; protein secretion; protein transport; proteomics; quantitative analysis; virulence
Abstract:
... Listeria monocytogenes presents a dimorphism associated to the SecA2 activity with cells having a normal rod shape or a dysmorphic elongated filamentous form. Besides variation of the cell and colony morphotype, this cell differentiation has profound ecophysiological and physiopathological implications with collateral effects on virulence and pathogenicity, biotope colonisation, bacterial adhesion ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104388

5. Description of a new whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) breeding on Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A. DC. (Gentianales: Loganiaceae) in the Andaman Islands, India

Author:
Anil Kumar Dubey
Source:
Pan-Pacific entomologist 2022 v.97 no.4 pp. 220-225
ISSN:
0031-0603
Subject:
Dialeurodes; Strychnos; entomologists; new species; puparium; India
Abstract:
... A new whitefly, Dialeurodes andamanensis sp. nov., is described from the Andaman Islands, India. Puparia of the new species were found infesting leaves of Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A. DC. (Gentianales: Loganiaceae) in Ferargunj, Andaman Islands. A map showing the type collection locality, line drawings, and images of the type specimens are also provided, and the differences in its dimorphic ...
DOI:
10.3956/2021-97.4.220

6. Desmodilliscus braueri crania compared to Pachyuromys duprasi (Desmodilliscini, Gerbillinae, Rodentia)

Author:
Bader H. Alhajeri
Source:
Mammalia 2022 v.86 no.1 pp. 77-87
ISSN:
1864-1547
Subject:
Gerbillinae; allometry; dimorphism; geometry; monophyly; morphometry; skeleton; skull; synapomorphy; teeth
Abstract:
... Molecular phylogenies support the monophyly of Desmodilliscus braueri and Pachyuromys duprasi as a clade basally split from all other gerbillines. While this monophyly supports their placement in a single tribe (Desmodilliscini), no morphological synapomorphies exist among desmodilliscines. This study compares the scale-independent cranial shapes of these two species using geometric morphometrics ...
DOI:
10.1515/mammalia-2021-0036

7. Development and validation of sex-specific markers in Piaractus mesopotamicus

Author:
Florencia C. Mascali; Victoria M. Posner; Emanuel A. Romero Marano; Felipe del Pazo; Miguel Hermida; Sebastián Sánchez; Talita Sara Mazzoni; Paulino Martinez; Juan A. Rubiolo; G. Vanina Villanova
Source:
Aquaculture 2022 v.558 pp. 738374
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Neotropics; Piaractus mesopotamicus; aquaculture; cost effectiveness; dimorphism; fish; freshwater; genome; genome-wide association study; genomics; indigenous species; males; sex determination
Abstract:
... The development of genetic markers for genomic screening is essential for addressing more accurate breeding programs in aquaculture and to ascertain the genetic architecture of productive traits, particularly the mechanisms underlying sex determination in fish. Sex determination systems display huge variation in fish, ranging from those strictly determined by genetic factors to others influenced b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738374

8. Dimorphism of MnHAsO₄(H₂O): natural monoclinic krautite and its synthetic triclinic modification

Author:
Matthias Weil; Uwe Kolitsch; Tobias Stürzer
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2022 v.77 no.4-5 pp. 221-230
ISSN:
1865-7117
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; ambient temperature; crystal structure; dimorphism; gels; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding
Abstract:
... The crystal structure of natural krautite, MnHAsO₄(H₂O), was re-evaluated from a cotype specimen, confirming the previously reported monoclinic symmetry for this mineral (space group P2₁, Z = 8, a = 8.0093(5), b = 15.9372(10), c = 6.8065(4) Å, β = 96.534(2)° at room temperature, 5662 structure factors, 302 parameters, R1 = 0.0295, wR2 = 0.0770). Although hydrogen atoms could not be located from th ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-2021-0184

9. Epigenetic influences of mobile genetic elements on ciliate genome architecture and evolution

Author:
Caitlin M. Timmons; Shahed U. A. Shazib; Laura A. Katz
Source:
journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. e12891
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
Ciliophora; DNA; dimorphism; epigenetics; eukaryotic cells; evolution; genetic variation; genome; horizontal gene transfer; microbiology; transposons
Abstract:
... Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are transient genetic material that can move either within a single organism's genome or between individuals or species. While historically considered “junk” DNA (i.e., deleterious or at best neutral), more recent studies reveal the potential adaptive advantages MGEs provide in lineages across the tree of life. Ciliates, a group of single‐celled microbial eukaryotes ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12891

10. Evaluating the effects of water and food limitation on the life history of an insect using a multiple-stressor framework

Author:
Sugjit S. Padda; Zachary R. Stahlschmidt
Source:
Oecologia 2022 v.198 no.2 pp. 519-530
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Gryllus firmus; climate change; dimorphism; environmental factors; fecundity; females; food availability; heat; insects; life history; locomotion; metabolism
Abstract:
... Many environmental stressors naturally covary, and the frequency and duration of stressors such as heat waves and droughts are increasing globally with climate change. Multiple stressors may have additive or non-additive effects on fitness-related traits, such as locomotion, reproduction, and somatic growth. Despite its importance to terrestrial animals, water availability is rarely incorporated i ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-022-05115-w

11. Evaluation of enhancing effect of soybean oil on polymalic acid production by Aureobasidium pullulans HA-4D

Author:
Jun Xia; Sili Liu; Jiali Jiao; Zhongyang Qiu; Xiaoyang Liu; Aiyong He; Ning Xu; Jiaxing Xu
Source:
Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 2022 v.45 no.10 pp. 1673-1682
ISSN:
1615-7591
Subject:
Aureobasidium pullulans; bioprocessing; carbon; dimorphism; energy; enzymes; fatty acids; fermentation; malic acid; mycelium; physiological response; polyesters; soybean oil; vegetables; water solubility
Abstract:
... Polymalic acid (PMA) is a water-soluble polyester produced by Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, the physiological response of A. pullulans after the addition of vegetable oils was investigated. Soybean oil (SBO) is pivotal for shortening fermentation time and achieving high PMA titer. With the addition of 1% (w/v) SBO, the titer and productivity of PMA was, respectively, increased by 34.2% a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00449-022-02772-2

12. Genetic and social contributions to sex differences in lifespan in Drosophila serrata

Author:
Vikram P. Narayan; Alastair J. Wilson; Stephen F. Chenoweth
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2022 v.35 no.4 pp. 657-663
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Drosophila serrata; dimorphism; evolutionary biology; females; genotype-environment interaction; longevity; males; population density; social environment
Abstract:
... Sex differences in lifespan remain an intriguing puzzle in evolutionary biology. While explanations range from sex differences in selection to sex differences in the expression of recessive lifespan‐altering mutations (via X‐linkage), little consensus has been reached. One unresolved issue is the extent to which genetic influences on lifespan dimorphism are modulated by the environment. For exampl ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.13992

13. Genetic parameter estimates for female proportion in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Author:
Yangzhen Li; Yuanri Hu; Yingming Yang; Jiayu Cheng; Xiangming Cheng; Songlin Chen
Source:
Aquaculture 2022 v.548 pp. 737652
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Cynoglossus semilaevis; aquaculture; body weight; dimorphism; females; genetic variation; growth performance; heritability; juveniles; phenotype
Abstract:
... Tongue sole is an economically important marine flatfish with significant sexual growth dimorphism that female with superior growth performance, and phenotypic female proportion (FP) is rather low (10%–30%) under rearing conditions. Knowledge of whether genetic variation exists for FP is needed for determining the feasibility of including this desirable trait into breeding goal in tongue sole. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737652

14. Gynodioecy in Trichilia (Meliaceae) and a peculiar case of male sterility due to tapetal necrotic cell death

Author:
Rebeca Laino Gama; Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra; José Rubens Pirani; Diego Demarco
Source:
Revista brasileira de botânica 2022 v.45 no.1 pp. 449-462
ISSN:
1806-9959
Subject:
Trichilia; dimorphism; electron microscopy; female flowers; females; fruits; geitonogamy; gynodioecy; hermaphroditism; male sterility; males; morphs; necroptosis; nectaries; pollen; pollen viability; polygamy; seed germination; stigma
Abstract:
... Flowers of Meliaceae are traditionally described as bisexual, but functionally unisexual flowers have been reported for many genera. For Trichilia, several reproductive systems have been previously reported: subdioecy, gynodioecy, polygamy and hermaphroditism. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of floral dimorphism and sexual-functional aspects of the flower of Trichilia clausseni ...
DOI:
10.1007/s40415-021-00746-4

15. Identification of Male-Specific Molecular Markers by Recombination of RhoGEF10 Gene in Spotted Knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus)

Author:
Yanduo Wu; Yongshuang Xiao; Zhizhong Xiao; Yuting Ma; Haixia Zhao; Jun Li
Source:
Genes 2022 v.13 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
DNA; DNA fragmentation; Oplegnathus; Y chromosome; dimorphism; ecological value; females; fish; genes; genomics; males; myelin sheath; nerve tissue; nutritive value; rapid methods; sex determination
Abstract:
... The spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) is a marine economic fish with high ecological value, food value, and fishing value, and its growth has obvious sex dimorphism. The rapid identification of its sex is beneficial to the development of sex determination and breeding. In this study, the method of comparative genomics and PCR amplification was used to further establish a rapid detection met ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes13071262

16. Identification of male sex-specific markers using genome re-sequencing in the Chinese longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris

Author:
Hui Luo; Yu Li; Shuqing Zheng; Jian Zhou; Xinxi Zou; Chuangju Li; Huan Ye; Zhe Li; Chaowei Zhou; Guangjun Lv; Shijun Xiao; Hua Ye
Source:
Aquaculture 2022 v.558 pp. 738392
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
DNA; Leiocassis; Meishan; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; catfish; dimorphism; females; genes; heterozygosity; males; prediction; sex determination
Abstract:
... The Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther), an indigenous commercially important fish species in China, exhibits markedly sex dimorphism in growth, which the males grow much faster than females. So, we aimed to develop sex-specific DNA markers to accelerate the development of sex control techniques for L. longirostris. In this study, 15 individuals of each sex were sequenced u ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738392

17. Identification of sex-specific DNA markers: Providing molecular evidence for the ZW sex determination system in the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

Author:
Ling Jin; Shaoting Jia; Wen Zhang; Yibin Chen; Sedong Li; Ping Liu; Jian Li; Jianjian Lv
Source:
Aquaculture 2022 v.546 pp. 737254
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Cherax quadricarinatus; DNA; aquaculture; dimorphism; electrophoresis; females; males; sex chromosomes; sex determination
Abstract:
... The redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) exhibit sex dimorphism, and thus, the discovery of sex-specific markers is of great significance for the study of monosexual breeding and sex-determination mechanisms in this species. In this study, sex-specific markers were found using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach. A total of 482.7 Gb clean data were obtained, which included 1,568 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737254

18. Inflorescence and floral development of Dipteronia sinensis (Sapindaceae): Demonstration of developmental constraints in the shaping of the flower

Author:
Zhang Yutong; Cao Limin; Ronse De Craene Louis
Source:
Flora 2022 v.291 pp. 152069
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
Acer; Dipteronia sinensis; ancestry; dimorphism; flora; flowering; ontogeny; pollen; woody plants
Abstract:
... The inflorescence, floral structure and ontogeny, and breeding system of the relict woody species Dipteronia sinensis was investigated to understand the developmental basis for its floral Bauplan, more particularly the octandrous androecium, dimerous gynoecium and the occurring flower symmetry in comparison with Sapindaceae. The functionally unisexual flowers arise in thyrses. Structural floral di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2022.152069

19. Molecular phylogeny and new insight into the stomatal complexity of Fictor platypapillata sp. n. (Diplogastridae: Nematoda) associated with Oniticellus cinctus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Author:
M. Mahboob; Q. Tahseen
Source:
Journal of helminthology v.96 pp. e14
ISSN:
1475-2697
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Nematoda; Oniticellus; dimorphism; dung beetles; females; morphometry; new species; polyphyly; sensilla; India
Abstract:
... The new species Fictor platypapillata was isolated from dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Scarabaeidae), collected from the district Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Fictor platypapillata sp. n. is described based on morphology, morphometric and molecular characterization, supplemented with scanning electron microscopy observations. The new species is characterized by two female morphs based on sto ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0022149X22000050

20. A New Genus and Species of Histerid Beetle from Western Mexico Showing a Remarkable Sexual Mesotibial Dimorphism (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Exosternini)

Author:
Michael S. Caterino; Alexey K. Tishechkin
Source:
Coleopterists' bulletin 2022 v.76 no.3 pp. 357-363
ISSN:
0010-065X
Subject:
Histeridae; cacti and succulents; dimorphism; new genus; new species; synapomorphy; Mexico
Abstract:
... We describe an exosternine histerid, Vaquerister cantador Caterino and Tishechkin, new genus and new species, from two localities in the arid parts of northwestern Mexico. The males of this species exhibit remarkable secondary sexual modifications, including deeply excavated mesotibiae and trichome-like structures on the prosternum. Its phylogenetic position within Exosternini is unclear, and it s ...
DOI:
10.1649/0010-065X-76.3.357

21. Paramecium epigenetics in development and proliferation

Author:
Franziska Drews; Jens Boenigk; Martin Simon
Source:
journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. e12914
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
DNA; DNA methylation; Paramecium; RNA; RNA transport; Stylonychia; Tetrahymena; chromatin; dimorphism; epigenetics; genetic variation; histone code; mammals; microbiology; progeny
Abstract:
... The term epigenetics is used for any layer of genetic information aside from the DNA base‐sequence information. Mammalian epigenetic research increased our understanding of chromatin dynamics in terms of cytosine methylation and histone modification during differentiation, aging, and disease. Instead, ciliate epigenetics focused more on small RNA‐mediated effects. On the one hand, these do concern ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12914

22. Phenotypic plasticity through disposable genetic adaptation in ciliates

Author:
Rik Verdonck; Delphine Legrand; Staffan Jacob; Hervé Philippe
Source:
Trends in microbiology 2022 v.30 no.2 pp. 120-130
ISSN:
0966-842X
Subject:
Paramecium; Tetrahymena; dimorphism; germ cells; microbiology; phenotypic plasticity; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Ciliates have an extraordinary genetic system in which each cell harbors two distinct kinds of nucleus, a transcriptionally active somatic nucleus and a quiescent germline nucleus. The latter undergoes classical, heritable genetic adaptation, while adaptation of the somatic nucleus is only short-term and thus disposable. The ecological and evolutionary relevance of this nuclear dimorphism have nev ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2021.06.007

23. Phenotypic response of male and neomale of O. mykiss parr subjected to 8º and 16 ºC water temperature during early life stage

Author:
Paulo Salinas; Fernanda Molina; Nicolás Hernández; Carlos Sandoval
Source:
Aquaculture reports 2022 v.22 pp. 100996
ISSN:
2352-5134
Subject:
aquaculture; biomechanics; dimorphism; fins; geometry; males; morphometry; parr; phenotype; phenotypic plasticity; water temperature
Abstract:
... Water temperature is an important modulator of variation of phenotype in poikilothermic fish and therefore of body shape. The present study explores the phenotypic response of commercial O. mykiss parr when they are subjected to rearing temperatures of 8º and 16ºC under controlled conditions with the aim of demonstrating, with the use of Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics, the influence of rea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100996

24. Phylogenetic Position of a New Trisetacus Mite Species (Nalepellidae) Destroying Seeds of North American Junipers and New Hypotheses on Basal Divergence of Eriophyoidea

Author:
Philipp E. Chetverikov; Brian G. Rector; Kirk Tonkel; Lindsay Dimitri; Denis S. Cheglakov; Anna E. Romanovich; James Amrine
Source:
Insects 2022 v.13 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
Juniperus osteosperma; Nalepellidae; Pinaceae; Trisetacus; amino acids; dimorphism; host specificity; mites; mitochondrial genes; monophyly; topology; Eurasia; Western United States
Abstract:
... Eriophyoid mites of the genus Trisetacus Keifer are widespread parasites of conifers. A new oligophagous species, T. indelis n. sp., was discovered severely damaging seeds of North American junipers (Juniperus osteosperma, J. occidentalis, and J. californica) in the western USA. It has two codon deletions in the mitochondrial gene Cox1 rarely detected in Eriophyoidea and includes distinct morpholo ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects13020201

25. Seals from outer space - Population census of southern elephant seals using VHR satellite imagery

Author:
Katarzyna Fudala; Robert Józef Bialik
Source:
Remote sensing applications 2022 v.28 pp. 100836
ISSN:
2352-9385
Subject:
databases; dimorphism; females; orthophotography; remote sensing; satellites
Abstract:
... This work aims to assess the utility of World-View 3 satellite imagery of 31 cm resolution for conducting population censuses of southern elephant seals (SES). For the first time, we present a comparison of the results of image analyses of a 31 cm resolution satellite image and 1.39 cm resolution drone-based orthophoto of a SES breeding colony located at Patelnia Point (King George Island, breedin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100836

26. Shoot dimorphism enables Sequoia sempervirens to separate requirements for foliar water uptake and photosynthesis

Author:
Alana R. O. Chin; Paula Guzmán‐Delgado; Stephen C. Sillett; Jessica Orozco; Russell D. Kramer; Lucy P. Kerhoulas; Zane J. Moore; Marty Reed; Maciej A. Zwieniecki
Source:
American journal of botany 2022 v.109 no.4 pp. 564-579
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
Sequoia sempervirens; dimorphism; gas exchange; geographical variation; hydraulic resistance; latitude; morphs; photosynthesis; summer; water stress; water uptake; wet season
Abstract:
... PREMISE: Trees in wet forests often have features that prevent water films from covering stomata and inhibiting gas exchange, while many trees in drier environments use foliar water uptake to reduce water stress. In forests with both wet and dry seasons, evergreen trees would benefit from producing leaves capable of balancing rainy‐season photosynthesis with summertime water absorption. METHODS: U ...
DOI:
10.1002/ajb2.1841

27. Size and shape variation in the male dimorphic head weapons of an anthribid weevil (Hoherius meinertzhageni)

Author:
Christina J. Painting
Source:
Evolutionary ecology 2022 v.36 no.4 pp. 643-662
ISSN:
0269-7653
Subject:
Curculionidae; allometry; body size; dimorphism; geometry; head; intraspecific variation; males; morphometry; sexual selection
Abstract:
... Allometry is a common technique used by biologists to quantify and describe the exaggerated sexually selected traits of beetles. While horned species have dominated studies documenting weapon evolution among beetles, there is remarkable diversity in weapon type, including enormous mandibles, robust hind legs and elongated rostra. Here, I characterise intrasexual and intraspecific variation in body ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10682-021-10127-8

28. Somatic Dimorphism in Cercariae of a Bird Schistosome

Author:
Miroslava Soldánová; Petra Kundid; Tomáš Scholz; Roar Kristoffersen; Rune Knudsen
Source:
Pathogens 2022 v.11 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
Trichobilharzia; birds; body length; cercariae; conspecificity; dimorphism; formalin; morphometry; parasites; phenotype; snails
Abstract:
... Phenotypic polymorphism is a commonly observed phenomenon in nature, but extremely rare in free-living stages of parasites. We describe a unique case of somatic polymorphism in conspecific cercariae of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia sp. “peregra”, in which two morphs, conspicuously different in their size, were released from a single Radix balthica snail. A detailed morphometric analysis tha ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens11030290

29. Stamen dimorphism, bee visitation, and pollen removal in three species of Agalinis (Orobanchaceae)

Author:
Gregg Dieringer; Leticia Cabrera R.
Source:
Botany 2022 v.100 no.4 pp. 377-386
ISSN:
1916-2804
Subject:
Agalinis; annuals; bees; dimorphism; flowers; labor; pollen; trichomes; viability
Abstract:
... Stamen dimorphism of buzz-pollinated flowers frequently involves heteranthery, where vibrated, poricidal anthers produce less pollen of lower viability. These anthers often allow for a progressive dispensing of pollen as predicted by the pollen presentation hypothesis. Buzz-pollinated, didynamous stamens of Agalinis lack poricidal anthers but possess staminal trichomes. We quantified pollen charac ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjb-2021-0110

30. Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Gonads Reveals New Insight into Sexual Reversal Mechanism in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles

Author:
Tong Zhou; Guobin Chen; Meng Chen; Yubin Wang; Guiwei Zou; Hongwei Liang
Source:
Biology 2022 v.11 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
apoptosis; catabolism; dimorphism; embryogenesis; endocytosis; estradiol; females; focal adhesions; gene expression regulation; gonads; males; methyltestosterone; microfilaments; proteomics; quantitative analysis; ribosomes; spliceosomes
Abstract:
... Chinese soft-shelled turtles display obvious sex dimorphism. The exogenous application of hormones (estradiol and methyltestosterone) can change the direction of gonadal differentiation of P. sinensis to produce sex reversed individuals. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of four types of P. sinensis (female, male, pseudo-fem ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology11071081

31. Temporal analysis of microRNAs associated with wing development in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphidiae)

Author:
Xiangrui Li; Fangmei Zhang; Brad Coates; Changping Wei; Xun Zhu; Yunhui Zhang; Xuguo Zhou
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2022 v.142 pp. 103579
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
Sitobion avenae; abnormal development; dimorphism; evolution; gene ontology; genotype; insect biochemistry; microRNA; molecular biology; morphogenesis; mortality; polyphenism
Abstract:
... Molecular mechanisms underlying wing evolution and development have been a point of scientific inquiry for decades. Phloem-feeding aphids are one of the most devastating global insect pests, where dispersal of winged morphs lead to annual movements, migrations, and range expansions. Aphids show a polyphenic wing dimorphism trait, and offer a model to study the role of environment in determining mo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103579

32. Transcriptomic analysis of pituitary in female and male spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) after 17β-estradiol injection

Author:
Hongjuan Shi; Xiaoying Ru; Shuhui Pan; Dongneng Jiang; Yang Huang; Chunhua Zhu; Guangli Li
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2022 v.41 pp. 100949
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
Scatophagus argus; aquaculture; biosynthesis; body weight; dimorphism; females; gene ontology; males; marine fish; meiosis; oocytes; pituitary gland; reproduction; transcriptome; transcriptomics; China
Abstract:
... Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is a popular species of marine fish cultured in China. It shows normal sexual growth dimorphism. Female spotted scat grows quicker and bigger than males. Growth and reproduction are the most important traits in aquaculture. In vertebrates, the pituitary gland occupies an important position in the growth and reproduction axis. Estrogen is involved in regulating grow ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100949

33. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Gender Dimorphic Expressions of Mrnas and Non-Coding Rnas in Chinese Soft-Shell Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

Author:
Junxian Zhu; Luo Lei; Chen Chen; Yakun Wang; Xiaoli Liu; Lulu Geng; Ruiyang Li; Haigang Chen; Xiaoyou Hong; Lingyun Yu; Chengqing Wei; Wei Li; Xinping Zhu
Source:
Biology 2022 v.11 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
Pelodiscus sinensis; aquaculture; calcium; dimorphism; females; males; microRNA; non-coding RNA; sexual development; steroidogenesis
Abstract:
... In aquaculture, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an economically important species with remarkable gender dimorphism in its growth patterns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been elucidated well. Here, we conducted a whole-transcriptome analysis of the female and male gonads of P. sinensis. Overall, 7833 DE mRNAs, 619 DE lncRNAs, 231 ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology11060834

34. Yeast-Mycelial Dimorphism in Pichia pastoris SMD1168 Is Triggered by Nutritional and Environmental Factors

Author:
Sakshi Aggarwal; Saroj Mishra
Source:
Current microbiology 2022 v.79 no.7 pp. 190
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Komagataella pastoris; alanine; butylamine; carbon; culture filtrates; culture media; dimorphism; fructose; galactose; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; humans; inoculum; isoleucine; leucine; metabolome; methanol; nitrogen; pH; pathogenicity; phenylalanine; phenylethyl alcohol; proline; propionic acid; protein secretion; quorum sensing; starvation; sucrose; tyrosine; valine; yeasts
Abstract:
... This study reports, for the first time, morphological transition from yeast-like to filamentous form, normally associated with pathogenicity/increased protein secretion, in Pichia pastoris SMD1168 strain. The response was recorded in response to nutritional and environmental cues. The factors affecting this switch were extracellular pH (under nitrogen starvation conditions), carbon and nitrogen so ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-022-02884-8

35. A comprehensive assessment of Yarrowia lipolytica and its interactions with metals: Current updates and future prospective

Author:
Nilesh Kolhe; Eeshan Damle; Aditya Pradhan; Smita Zinjarde
Source:
Biotechnology advances 2022 v.59 pp. 107967
ISSN:
0734-9750
Subject:
Yarrowia lipolytica; biofilm; bioimaging; biomass; bioremediation; biosorbents; cadmium; copper; dimorphism; gold; hydrophobicity; immobilized cells; melanin; mercury; mycelium; oils; pollutants; selenium; silver; superoxide dismutase; uranium; yeasts
Abstract:
... The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been popular as a model system for understanding biological processes such as dimorphism and lipid accumulation. The organism can efficiently utilize hydrophobic substrates (hydrocarbons and triglycerides) thereby rendering it relevant in bioremediation of oil polluted environments. The current review focuses on the interactions of this fungus wit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107967

36. The eco-evolutionary landscape of power relationships between males and females

Author:
Eve Davidian; Martin Surbeck; Dieter Lukas; Peter M. Kappeler; Elise Huchard
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2022 v.37 no.8 pp. 706-718
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
dimorphism; ecology; evolution; females; landscapes; males; mammals; reproduction
Abstract:
... In animal societies, control over resources and reproduction is often biased towards one sex. Yet, the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings of male–female power asymmetries remain poorly understood. We outline a comprehensive framework to quantify and predict the dynamics of male–female power relationships within and across mammalian species. We show that male–female power relationships are m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.004

37. A high-density genetic linkage map and QTL mapping for sex in Clarias fuscus

Author:
Xinghua Lin; Jiru Tan; Yijun Shen; Binlan Yang; Yulei Zhang; Yu Liao; Beibei Wang; Dayan Zhou; Guangli Li; Changxu Tian
Source:
Aquaculture 2022 v.561 pp. 738723
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Clarias fuscus; DNA; aquaculture; chromosome mapping; dimorphism; economic valuation; freshwater fish; genetic distance; phenotypic variation; quantitative traits; sex determination; single nucleotide polymorphism; China
Abstract:
... Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus) is a freshwater fish that has economic value and is widely cultured in southern China. C. fuscus has significant sexual growth dimorphism. In this study, full-sib F₁ individuals of C. fuscus were used as a mapping family to construct a high-density genetic linkage map, and sex-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped using single nucleotide polymorphism ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738723

38. The investigation of sex‐differential open chromatin in liver, spleen and gonads in Larimichthys crocea through ATAC‐seq

Author:
Chaowei Song; Zhiyong Wang; Wanbo Li
Source:
Aquaculture research 2022 v.53 no.10 pp. 3767-3779
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Larimichthys crocea; aquaculture; chromatin; dimorphism; epigenetics; females; fish; genes; landscapes; liver; males; phenotype; research; signal transduction; spleen; testes; transcription factors; transcriptome; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Sex dimorphism is a fascinating science problem, which includes phenotypic, transcriptomic and epigenetic differences in male and female. To explore the landscape of transcriptome and its regulation in different sex in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), we investigated the open chromatin using ATAC‐seq generated from livers, spleens and gonads in males and females. First, we found a m ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.15882

39. A novel method for analysis of vocal dimorphism using recordings of unsexed pairs and its application to the neotropical owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana

Author:
Marcelo de Andréa Segall; Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga; Caio Fittipaldi Kenup; Gloria Denise Augusto Castiglioni
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2022 v.163 no.2 pp. 589-598
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Neotropics; Strigiformes; dimorphism; ornithology
Abstract:
... The occurrence of vocal dimorphism in strigid owls has been known for a long time and it is widely accepted that males emit songs with lower frequency than those of females. However, there are several gaps in our knowledge about this phenomenon, which may be related to a scarcity of sound recordings of sexed individuals and difficulties in obtaining this kind of material. In this paper, we present ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-022-01965-6

40. The origination events of gametic sexual reproduction and anisogamy

Author:
Yukio Yasui; Eisuke Hasegawa
Source:
Journal of ethology 2022 v.40 no.3 pp. 273-284
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
alleles; animal behavior; commensalism; dimorphism; evolution; females; males; meiosis; selfing; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... The evolution of gametic sex (meiosis and fertilization) and subsequent transition from isogamy (fusion between two equal-sized gametes) to anisogamy (dimorphism into eggs and sperm, namely, females and males) is one of the largest enigmas of evolutionary biology. Meiosis entails genome-dilution cost and anisogamy entails male-production cost. Despite much progress has been made for the maintenanc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-022-00760-3

41. Accelerostat study in conventional and microfluidic bioreactors to assess the key role of residual glucose in the dimorphic transition of Yarrowia lipolytica in response to environmental stimuli

Author:
Julie Lesage; Asma Timoumi; Stéphanie Cenard; Eric Lombard; Harry L.T. Lee; Stéphane E. Guillouet; Nathalie Gorret
Source:
New biotechnology 2021 v.64 pp. 37-45
ISSN:
1871-6784
Subject:
Yarrowia lipolytica; bioreactors; cell growth; dimorphism; glucose; hyphae; mycelium; pH; yeasts
Abstract:
... Yarrowia lipolytica, with a diverse array of biotechnological applications, is able to grow as ovoid yeasts or filamentous hyphae depending on environmental conditions. This study has explored the relationship between residual glucose levels and dimorphism in Y. lipolytica. Under pH stress conditions, the morphological and physiological characteristics of the yeast were examined during well-contro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.nbt.2021.05.004

42. Allometry of the box crab Calappa convexa De Saussure, 1853 (Brachyura, Calappidae) in the southeastern Gulf of California

Author:
Carlos A. Arvizu-Merín; Juan F. Arzola-González; José A. Félix-Ortiz; Guillermo Rodríguez-Domínguez; Emigdio Marín-Enríquez; E. Alberto Aragón-Noriega
Source:
Crustaceana 2021 v.94 no.11-12 pp. 1407-1427
ISSN:
0011-216X
Subject:
allometry; crabs; dimorphism; models; morphometry; sexual maturity; Gulf of California
Abstract:
... The relative growth of Calappa convexa can be used to identify dimorphism or morphological change related to sexual maturation. The carapace width (CW) against width and length of the propodus of the right and left cheliped were tested to obtain a coefficient of allometry. CW against total wet weight WT values were analysed for length-weight relationships (LWR). Relative growth was analysed by a m ...
DOI:
10.1163/15685403-bja10165

43. Anthurium bromelicola and A. sterilispadix (Araceae): two distinct bromeliad commensals with highly unusual inflorescence morphology endemic to Northeast Brazil

Author:
Karena M. Pimenta; Simon Mayo; Lívia G. Temponi; André Mantovani; André M. Amorim
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2021 v.307 no.1 pp. 6
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
Anthurium; Bromeliaceae; color; commensalism; dimorphism; evolution; flowering; forests; new species; plant taxonomy; pollination; spadix; spathes; taxonomic keys; Brazil
Abstract:
... Anthurium sterilispadix (previously A. bromelicola subsp. bahiense) is recognized as a new species, closely related to A. bromelicola and representing a third species of Araceae exhibiting commensalism with Bromeliaceae. The two species share the same highly unusual slender twining habit but differ markedly in inflorescence morphology, each exhibiting characteristics unique in the genus and sugges ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-020-01722-3

44. Assessing the potential of improving growth and survival to the eyed stage in selectively bred Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Author:
Christos Palaiokostas; Henrik Jeuthe; Dirk‐Jan De Koning
Source:
Journal of animal breeding and genetics 2021 v.138 no.3 pp. 326-337
ISSN:
0931-2668
Subject:
Salvelinus alpinus; body weight; dimorphism; fish; genotype-environment interaction; heritability; prediction; Sweden
Abstract:
... The Arctic charr breeding programme has been a main driving force for developing the aquaculture industry in Sweden. Selection has been performed for almost 40 years using animals from a closed breeding nucleus. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of further improving growth‐related traits taking into account the existence of genotype‐by‐environment interaction. Furthermore, ...
DOI:
10.1111/jbg.12509

45. Breeding of YY super-male of blotched snakehead (Channa maculata) and production of all-male hybrid (Channa argus ♀ × C. maculata ♂)

Author:
Jian Zhao; Mi Ou; Yaping Wang; Haiyang Liu; Qing Luo; Xinping Zhu; Baixiang Chen; Kunci Chen
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.538 pp. 736450
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Channa argus; Channa maculata; aquaculture; artificial insemination; average daily gain; dimorphism; females; fish; genotype; growth performance; hybrids; industry; interspecific hybridization; males; prices; progeny; sex ratio; sex reversal; China
Abstract:
... Many commercially important fish species show significant sex dimorphism in growth and size. Breeding mono-sex stocks could improve economic benefits of farmers. The snakehead fish is massively cultured in China, over 0.5 million tons per year. The sex dimorphism of snakehead is remarkable, in which males are meanly twice in growth and size than females. Furtherly, the individual size of the marke ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736450

46. Caste differentiation of spermatheca and organs related to sperm use and oviposition in the honeybee, Apis mellifera

Author:
Ayako Gotoh; Ken Sasaki
Source:
Apidologie 2021 v.52 no.1 pp. 262-271
ISSN:
0044-8435
Subject:
Apis mellifera; caste determination; dimorphism; muscles; oviducts; oviposition; prepupae; pupae; spermatheca; spermatozoa; vagina
Abstract:
... Striking queen–worker dimorphism associated with each task is a key feature of highly eusocial insects, including Apis mellifera. The present study histologically examined the developmental process of the internal reproductive organs including spermatheca, valve-fold in the vagina, semi-circular muscle surrounding the common oviduct, and abdominal ganglia in honeybee queens and workers. During the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13592-020-00815-9

47. Characterization of a G protein α subunit encoded gene from the dimorphic fungus-Tremella fuciformis

Author:
Hanyu Zhu; Dongmei Liu; Liesheng Zheng; Liguo Chen; Aimin Ma
Source:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021 v.114 no.11 pp. 1949-1960
ISSN:
0003-6072
Subject:
Southern blotting; Tremella fuciformis; Western blotting; dimorphism; eukaryotic cells; farnesol; gene overexpression; genes; inoculum; nucleotides; pH; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; quorum sensing; temperature; yeasts
Abstract:
... Tremella fuciformis is a dimorphic fungus which can undertake the reversible transition between yeast and pseudohypha forms. G protein α subunit (Gα) carries different signals to regulate a variety of biological processes in eukaryotes, including fungal dimorphism. In this study, a novel Gα subunit encoded gene, TrGpa1, was firstly cloned from T. fuciformis. The TrGpa1 open reading frame has 1059 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10482-021-01653-0

48. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Genes Involved in Sexual and Polyploid Growth Dimorphisms in Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

Author:
Li-Fei Luo; Zi-Sheng Xu; Eman Abdelwareth Baioumy Elsayed Elgazzar; Hang Du; Dan-Yang Li; Xiao-Yun Zhou; Ze-Xia Gao
Source:
Biology 2021 v.10 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; brain; dimorphism; diploidy; fatty acids; fish; gene expression regulation; gluconeogenesis; glycolysis; gonads; liver; muscles; oxidative phosphorylation; sequence analysis; steroid hormones; tetraploidy; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Sexual and polyploidy size dimorphisms are widespread phenomena in fish, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) displays both sexual and polyploid growth dimorphism phenomena, and are therefore ideal models to study these two phenomena. In this study, RNA-seq was used for the first time to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between both sexes ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology10090935

49. Comparative transcriptomics reveal different mechanisms for hyphal growth across four plant-associated dimorphic fungi

Author:
Teeratas Kijpornyongpan; M. Catherine Aime
Source:
Fungal genetics and biology 2021 v.152 pp. 103565
ISSN:
1087-1845
Subject:
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi; Ustilago zeae; amino acids; cytoskeleton; dimorphism; energy; hyphae; kinesin; lipids; metabolism; microbial genetics; molecular motor proteins; pathogenicity; phylogeny; smut diseases; transcriptomics; yeasts
Abstract:
... Fungal dimorphism is a phenomenon by which a fungus can grow both as a yeast form and a hyphal form. It is frequently related to pathogenicity as different growth forms are more suitable for different functions during a life cycle. Among dimorphic plant pathogens, the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis serves as a model organism to understand fungal dimorphism and its effect on pathogenicity. Howeve ...
Handle:
10113/7377898
DOI:
10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103565
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103565

50. Compensatory effect of egg size dimorphism on hatching asynchrony in Magellanic penguin

Author:
Nahuel Marchisio; Melina Barrionuevo; Esteban Frere
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2021 v.52 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Spheniscus; body condition; chicks; dimorphism; eggs; females; penguins; progeny; Argentina
Abstract:
... Egg laying is one of the most important phases in a female bird's breeding cycle. Its cost is high because eggs contain all the resources needed for the development of an embryo. Variation in size and quality of eggs can have important long‐term consequences for offspring survival. Hatching asynchrony is known to influence sibling competition in many bird species. Last‐hatched chicks will have a c ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.02673

51. Confirmation of distyly in Perovskia and floral dimorphism of P. abrotanoides (Salviinae: Lamiaceae)

Author:
Hye-Kyoung Moon
Source:
Flora 2021 v.283 pp. 151905
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
calyx; corolla; dimorphism; evolution; flora; herbaria; heterostyly; pollen; stigma; trichomes
Abstract:
... Heterostyly is a specialised reproductive system with a reciprocal arrangement between the stamen and style, and often associated with tubular actinomorphic flowers. Accordingly, heterostyly is extremely rare in Lamiaceae, a representative zygomorphic flower group. However, some evidence indicates the occurrence of heterostyly in Perovskia. To confirm the existence of heterostyly, 288 herbarium sp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2021.151905

52. Cuticular hydrocarbons on old museum specimens of the spiny mason wasp, Odynerus spinipes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), shed light on the distribution and on regional frequencies of distinct chemotypes

Author:
Victoria C. Moris; Katharina Christmann; Aline Wirtgen; Sergey A. Belokobylskij; Alexander Berg; Wolf-Harald Liebig; Villu Soon; Hannes Baur; Thomas Schmitt; Oliver Niehuis
Source:
Chemoecology 2021 v.31 no.5 pp. 311-322
ISSN:
0937-7409
Subject:
Palearctic region; Vespidae; chemotypes; dimorphism; museums; population genetics; provenance; wasps; Germany
Abstract:
... The mason wasp Odynerus spinipes shows an exceptional case of intrasexual cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile dimorphism. Females of this species display one of two CHC profiles (chemotypes) that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from each other. The ratio of the two chemotypes was previously shown to be close to 1:1 at three sites in Southern Germany, which might not be representative given ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00049-021-00350-8

53. Differential DNA methylation between long-winged and short-winged adults of Nilaparvata lugens

Author:
Mei Yang; Shike Liang; Fanghai Wang
Source:
3 Biotech 2021 v.11 no.11 pp. 476
ISSN:
2190-572X
Subject:
DNA methylation; Nilaparvata lugens; chromosomes; dimorphism; epigenetics; genes; insects; lipophorin; males; pests; phenotype; rice; variance; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Nilaparvata lugens, a catastrophic rice pest in South East Asia, has adults with wing dimorphism. DNA methylation has been proved to play an important role in regulation of phenotype differentiation in insects. In this study, methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) was used to investigate the cytosine methylation state at CCGG sites in macropterous male adults (MMA) and brachyptero ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13205-021-03026-w

54. Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

Author:
Antonio González Ariza; Ander Arando Arbulu; José Manuel León Jurado; Francisco Javier Navas González; Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo
Source:
Animals 2021 v.11 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; biometry; dimorphism; egg production; genotype; hens; models; multivariate analysis; variance
Abstract:
... This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (varia ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani11082211

55. A Draft Genome of the Ginger Species Alpinia nigra and New Insights into the Genetic Basis of Flexistyly

Author:
Surabhi Ranavat; Hannes Becher; Mark F. Newman; Vinita Gowda; Alex D. Twyford
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
Alpinia nigra; dimorphism; gene frequency; genome assembly; genomics; ginger; hemizygote; outcrossing; phenotype; polyploidy; reproductive success
Abstract:
... Angiosperms possess various strategies to ensure reproductive success, such as stylar polymorphisms that encourage outcrossing. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of one such dimorphism that combines both temporal and spatial separation of sexual function, termed flexistyly. It is a floral strategy characterised by the presence of two morphs that differ in the timing of stylar movement. We per ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12091297

56. Early life nicotine exposure alters mRNA and microRNA expressions related to thyroid function and lipid metabolism in liver and BAT of adult wistar rats

Author:
Thamara Cherem Peixoto; Egberto Gaspar de Moura; Fernanda Torres Quitete; Laís Angélica Simino; Adriana Souza Torsoni; Marcio Alberto Torsoni; Alex Christian Manhaes; Patricia Cristina Lisboa
Source:
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2021 v.523 pp. 111141
ISSN:
0303-7207
Subject:
Chiroptera; adults; breast feeding; brown adipose tissue; dimorphism; endocrinology; epigenetics; euthanasia; females; gene expression; gene silencing; lactation; lipid metabolism; liver; long term effects; males; microRNA; nicotine; obesity; progeny; rats; thyroid function
Abstract:
... In rats, maternal nicotine exposure during lactation induces obesity, thyroid dysfunction, brown adipose tissue (BAT) hypofunction and liver alterations in adult offspring. Both thyroid function and lipid metabolism are influenced by gene silencing mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Here we investigated long-term effects of early nicotine exposure on molecular and epigenetic mechanisms closely relate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mce.2020.111141

57. Embryo Development and Sex Ratios in the Red-Footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) at Masculinizing Temperatures

Author:
Juliana Gaviria-Hernández; Vivian P. Páez; Diber M. Ramírez; Claudia P. Ceballos
Source:
Chelonian conservation and biology 2021 v.20 no.1 pp. 71-81
ISSN:
1943-3956
Subject:
Chelonoidis; body size; climate change; deforestation; dimorphism; eggs; embryogenesis; fecundity; females; geometry; morphometry; sex determination; survival rate; temperature; threatened species; tortoises; Colombia
Abstract:
... Incubation temperature is a factor that can affect several traits in turtles such as body size, growth, shape, and sex in species with temperature-dependent sex determination. A clear understanding of these effects is particularly important in threatened species such as the red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius), classified in Colombia as Vulnerable mainly due to the capture of wild individ ...
DOI:
10.2744/CCB-1441.1

58. Environmental Factors Predicting Dispersal Mode of the Wing-Dimorphic Psammophilous Beetle Mecynotarsus niponicus Lewis, 1895 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) in a Sandy Floodplain: An Exploratory Analysis

Author:
Kosei Hashimoto; Daisuke Suzuki
Source:
Coleopterists' bulletin 2021 v.75 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0010-065X
Subject:
Anthicidae; Japan; confidence interval; cross-sectional studies; dimorphism; experimental design; floodplains; habitat destruction; odds ratio; river water; rivers
Abstract:
... Wing-dimorphic insects occur in diverse habitats in heterogeneous environments. However, little is known about the wing dimorphism of insects that inhabit floodplains and the possible environmental factors affecting their wing morphs. In this study, we used cantharidin-baited traps to collect and quantify the psammobiont beetle Mecynotarsus niponicus Lewis, 1895 (Anthicidae) in a sandy floodplain ...
DOI:
10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.1

59. Evolution of the distribution area of the Mediterranean Nigella damascena and a likely multiple molecular origin of its perianth dimorphism

Author:
Florian Jabbour; Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier; Léa Chazalviel; Martine Le Guilloux; Natalia Conde e Silva; Yves Deveaux; Domenica Manicacci; Pierre Galipot; Andreas G. Heiss; Catherine Damerval
Source:
Flora 2021 v.274 pp. 151735
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
DNA; Nigella damascena; alleles; condiments; corolla; databases; dimorphism; evolution; flora; genotyping; georeferencing; herbaria; loci; mutants; phenotype; surveys; Europe; Mediterranean region; Northern Africa
Abstract:
... Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) is a common Mediterranean species traditionally used as condiment and healing herb. Its perianth dimorphism has been known since 1591. In all modern accessions examined to date, a single allele of the NdAP3–3 gene characterized by a MITE insertion has been found to be responsible for the mutant morph, lacking a corolla. Based on herbarium collections, we aimed at ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2020.151735

60. Factors Influencing the Reproductive Ability of Male Bees: Current Knowledge and Further Directions

Author:
Huiyue Zhao; Shibonage K. Mashilingi; Yanjie Liu; Jiandong An
Source:
Insects 2021 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
Bombus; body size; dimorphism; fecundity; males; progeny; reproductive performance; semen; sperm quality; spermatheca; storage time; temperature; viability
Abstract:
... Bumblebees and honeybees are very important pollinators and play a vital role in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The quality of their colonies is determined by the queens and the reproductive drones of mother colonies, and mated drones transmit semen, including half of the genetic materials, to queens and enhance their fertility. Therefore, factors affecting drone fecundity will also directly ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects12060529

61. Florae costaricensis subtribui Pleurothallidinis (Orchidaceae) prodromus II. Systematics of the Pleurothallis cardiothallis and P. phyllocardia Groups, and Other Related Groups of Pleurothallis with Large Vegetative Habit

Author:
Franco Pupulin; Jaime Aguilar; Noelia Belfort-Oconitrillo; Melissa Díaz-Morales; Diego Bogarín
Source:
Harvard papers in botany 2021 v.26 no.1 pp. 203-295
ISSN:
1043-4534
Subject:
Pleurothallis; color; dimorphism; dissection; flora; habitats; hybridization; leaves; lectotypes; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... We discuss a group of Pleurothallis species mostly characterized by plants relatively tall for the genus, with stems more than 20 cm long and fasciculate inflorescences produced above the leaf from a spathaceous, sometimes erect bract. We recognize 26 species and 4 natural hybrids in Costa Rica in this group of Pleurothallis, belonging to 4 informal assemblages of species, each one characterized b ...
DOI:
10.3100/hpib.v26iss1.2021.n14

62. Gender dimorphism in the virulence of a dioecious mistletoe

Author:
K.C. Burns
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2021 v.51 no.12 pp. 985-987
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
Misodendrum; dimorphism; dioecy; females; males; parasites; parasitism; parasitology; photosynthesis; virulence
Abstract:
... Parasite virulence often differs between male and female hosts. However, less is known about how virulence might differ between male and female parasites. Here, I show that female plants of the dioecious mistletoe Misodendrum quadrifolium (Misodendraceae) grow larger than male plants. Correspondingly, females reduce the photosynthetic capacity of infected host branches more than males. Results ind ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.007

63. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genomic Loci of Sex Determination and Gonadosomatic Index Traits in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Author:
Huanling Lin; Zhixiong Zhou; Ji Zhao; Tao Zhou; Huaqiang Bai; Qiaozhen Ke; Fei Pu; Weiqiang Zheng; Peng Xu
Source:
Marine biotechnology 2021 v.23 no.1 pp. 127-139
ISSN:
1436-2228
Subject:
Larimichthys crocea; aquaculture industry; aromatase; biotechnology; dimorphism; genome-wide association study; genomics; gonadosomatic index; gonads; males; marker-assisted selection; sex determination; China; South China Sea; Yellow Sea
Abstract:
... Larimichthys crocea is one of the traditional marine culture fishes in China, widely distributed in South China Sea, East Sea, and southern Yellow Sea. Sex dimorphism is evident in this species that females present a substantial growth strength than males, suggesting breeding females could obtain more economic benefits in L. crocea aquaculture industry. With the continuous expansion of aquaculture ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10126-020-10007-2

64. Geographic variation of fruit color dimorphism in Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai in Northeast China

Author:
Qi Sun; Lei Wu; Yunfei Yang; Jimin Zhao; Yanwen Zhang
Source:
Flora 2021 v.280 pp. 151846
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
Viscum; dimorphism; flora; fruit color; geographical variation; host plants; latitude; China
Abstract:
... Mistletoe, V. coloratum, produces mature fruits of two different colors. To characterize the fruit color dimorphism and its geographic variation, we surveyed 23 populations spanning 10 latitudes in Northeast China and recorded 41 species of host plant, 2896 individual hosts, and 6641 individual fruiting mistletoes. The proportions of different color-morphs were counted in each population. In addit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2021.151846

65. Gonadal development and molecular analysis revealed the critical window for sex differentiation, and E2 reversibility of XY-male spotted scat, Scatophagus argus

Author:
Umar Farouk Mustapha; Yang Huang; Yuan-Qing Huang; Daniel Assan; Hong-Juan Shi; Mou-Yan Jiang; Si-Ping Deng; Guang-Li Li; Dong-Neng Jiang
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.544 pp. 737147
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Scatophagus argus; aquaculture; aromatase; dimorphism; estradiol; females; gene expression; males; marine fish; oocytes; phenotype; sex determination; sex reversal; spermatocytes; testes
Abstract:
... In vertebrate the development of gonad into testis or ovary requires the combined effect of genes and hormones to trigger differentiation from a bipotential gonadal primordium. Knowledge of the gonad development process is vital in studies on fish sex determination and differentiation. The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is an economically important marine fish with an XX/XY sex-determining syste ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737147

66. Hedyotis pubirachis (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guangdong, China

Author:
Yi‐Da Xu; Rui‐Jiang Wang
Source:
Nordic journal of botany 2021 v.39 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
0107-055X
Subject:
Hedyotis; calyx; dimorphism; heterostyly; leaf blade; new species; phylogeny; pollen size; China
Abstract:
... A new species of Hedyotis pubirachis is described from Guangdong province, China. It resembles H. caudatifolia in subshrub habit, lanceolate leaf blade and terminal inflorescence, but differs from the latter by its thyrsoid inflorescence with monochasial sub‐axes, broadly triangular calyx lobes and pubescent inflorescence rachises and capsules. Phylogenetically, Hedyotis pubirachis is close to H. ...
DOI:
10.1111/njb.03264

67. Histological evaluation of sex differentiation and early sex identification in hatchery-produced greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) reared in sea cages

Author:
Maria Papadaki; Manolis Mandalakis; Thekla I. Anastasiou; Marina Pouli; Michalis Asderis; Pantelis Katharios; Nikos Papandroulakis; Constantinos C. Mylonas
Source:
Fish physiology and biochemistry 2021 v.47 no.6 pp. 1777-1792
ISSN:
0920-1742
Subject:
Seriola dumerili; androstenedione; captive animals; dimorphism; estradiol; fish; histology; liquid chromatography; progesterone; sex ratio; sexual development; tandem mass spectrometry; testosterone
Abstract:
... The histological process of gonadal differentiation, together with the endocrine changes of sex steroid hormones and some of their precursors, was studied in hatchery-produced greater amberjack Seriola dumerili from 101 until 408 days post-hatching (dph), with samplings conducted every 50 days. Histological processing showed that sex differentiation began at 101 dph with the formation of the ovari ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10695-021-01007-7

68. Hypoxia tolerance, hematological, and biochemical response in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus. L)

Author:
Yudong Jia; Jiawei Wang; Yuntao Gao; Bin Huang
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.535 pp. 736380
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Scophthalmus maximus; albumins; aquaculture; cholesterol; cortisol; dimorphism; dissolved oxygen; erythrocytes; females; globulins; glucose; hematocrit; hemoglobin; high density lipoprotein; hypoxia; juveniles; lactic acid; leukocyte count; leukocytes; low density lipoprotein; males; metabolism; oxygen; physiological response; protein content; triacylglycerols; turbot
Abstract:
... Hypoxia is a critical issue in aquaculture which affects the metabolism and survival of fish. The critical oxygen tension (Pcrit), loss of equilibrium (LOE), respiration frequency (RF), plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin, white blood cell (WBC), re ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736380

69. Integrative genomics reveals paths to sex dimorphism in Salix purpurea L

Author:
Hyden Brennan; Carlson Craig H.; Gouker Fred Edward; Schmutz Jeremy; Barry Kerrie; Lipzen Anna; Sharma Aditi; Sandor Laura; Tuskan Gerald A.; Feng Guangio; Olson Matthew S.; Difazio Stephen P.; Smart Lawrence B.
Source:
Horticulture research 2021 v.8 no.1 pp. 170
ISSN:
2052-7276
Subject:
Populus; RNA; Salix purpurea; bisulfites; dimorphism; energy crops; epigenetics; flowering; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genomics; horticulture; metabolism; research; sex determination
Abstract:
... Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F2 individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea, and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were explored. Differential expression, eQTL, bisulfite sequencing, and network analysis were used to characterize sex dimorphism, detect candidate master regulator genes, and identify pathways throu ...
Handle:
10113/7709524
DOI:
10.1038/s41438-021-00606-y
CHORUS:
10.1038/s41438-021-00606-y

70. Interspecific and intraspecific foraging differentiation of neighbouring tropical seabirds

Author:
R. E. Austin; F. De Pascalis; S. C. Votier; J. Haakonsson; J. P. Y. Arnould; G. Ebanks-Petrie; J. Newton; J. Harvey; J. A. Green
Source:
Movement ecology 2021 v.9 no.1 pp. 27
ISSN:
2051-3933
Subject:
Fregatidae; Sulidae; dimorphism; females; habitat preferences; kleptoparasitism; males; seabirds; sexual development; Caribbean
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Social interactions, reproductive demands and intrinsic constraints all influence foraging decisions in animals. Understanding the relative importance of these factors in shaping the way that coexisting species within communities use and partition resources is central to knowledge of ecological and evolutionary processes. However, in marine environments, our understanding of the mechan ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40462-021-00251-z

71. Macroptery Might Produce More Attractive Calling Songs: Acoustic Differences between Two Wing Morphologies of Metrioptera bicolor Philippi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Author:
Qi Chen; Xue Zhang; Huiwen Tan; Lanqin Li; Ming Wen; Yinliang Wang; Junjie Zhang; Bingzhong Ren
Source:
Transactions of the American Entomological Society 2021 v.147 no.4 pp. 855-865
ISSN:
0002-8320
Subject:
Tettigoniidae; acoustics; dimorphism; insects; reproduction
Abstract:
... Wing dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon of many insect species. The katydid species Metrioptera bicolor Philippi displays distinct wing dimorphism. In this paper, we recorded the calling songs of two wing morphologies of the species and observed the acoustic generators under stereoscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The two wing morphologies showed differences in acoustic signals but ...
DOI:
10.3157/061.147.0402

72. Marimbondos: systematics, biogeography, and evolution of social behaviour of neotropical swarm‐founding wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini)

Author:
Fernando B. Noll; Marjorie da Silva; Raduan A. Soleman; Rogério B. Lopes; Yuri C. Grandinete; Eduardo A. B. Almeida; John W. Wenzel; James M. Carpenter
Source:
Cladistics 2021 v.37 no.4 pp. 423-441
ISSN:
0748-3007
Subject:
Eocene epoch; Miocene epoch; Neotropics; Oligocene epoch; Vespidae; biogeography; dimorphism; monophyly; nests; social behavior
Abstract:
... Neotropical swarm‐founding wasps are divided into 19 genera in the tribe Epiponini (Vespidae, Polistinae). They display extensive variation in several colony‐level traits that make them an attractive model system for reconstructing the evolution of social phenotypes, including caste dimorphism and nest architecture. Epiponini has been upheld as a solid monophyletic group in most phylogenetic analy ...
DOI:
10.1111/cla.12446

73. MicroRNAs May Play an Important Role in Sexual Reversal Process of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

Author:
Tong Zhou; Hang Sha; Meng Chen; Guobin Chen; Guiwei Zou; Hongwei Liang
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
Pelodiscus sinensis; cluster analysis; dimorphism; estrogens; females; gene expression regulation; gonads; males; microRNA; nutritive value; phenotype; sequence analysis; sex reversal; turtles
Abstract:
... The Chinese soft-shelled (Pelodiscus sinensis) turtle exhibits obvious sex dimorphism, which leads to the higher economic and nutritional value of male individuals. Exogenous hormones can cause the transformation from male to female phenotype during gonadal differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism related to the sexual reversal process is unclear. In this study, we compared the difference ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12111696

74. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses reveal strong genetic differentiation between two types of estuarine tapertail anchovies (Coilia) in Yangtze River Basin, China

Author:
Zhongya Xuan; Tao Jiang; Hongbo Liu; Xiubao Chen; Jian Yang
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2021 v.848 no.6 pp. 1409-1431
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Coilia brachygnathus; Coilia nasus; anadromous fish; anchovies; cytochrome b; dimorphism; ecotypes; estuaries; genetic variation; hybridization; life history; microsatellite repeats; migratory behavior; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial genes; otoliths; watersheds; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... The estuarine tapertail anchovy might comprise a “paired species” of Coilia nasus (which has declined sharply) and Coilia brachygnathus (dominant in some lakes). It has previously been debated whether C. nasus and C. brachygnathus constitute two distinct species or anadromous and freshwater-resident ecotypes. Here, we studied the genetic structure of these species by analyzing the mitochondrial ge ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-021-04541-w

75. Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes

Author:
László Attila Papp; Lajos Ács-Szabó; Gyula Batta; Ida Miklós
Source:
Current genetics 2021 v.67 no.6 pp. 953-968
ISSN:
0172-8083
Subject:
RNA; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; dimorphism; ethanol production; genomics; glycolysis; humans; hyphae; mycelium; plant pathogenic fungi
Abstract:
... Fungal pathogens, from phytopathogenic fungus to human pathogens, are able to alternate between the yeast-like form and filamentous forms. This morphological transition (dimorphism) is in close connection with their pathogenic lifestyles and with their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mechanisms governing these morphogenetic conversions are still not fully understood. Therefore, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y

76. Morphological Characterization of Tetraploids of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. Produced by Oryzalin Treatment of Seeds

Author:
Shiro Mori; Masaki Yahata; Ayano Kuwahara; Yurina Shirono; Yasufumi Ueno; Misaki Hatanaka; Yoshimi Honda; Keita Sugiyama; Naho Murata; Yoshihiro Okamoto; Takahiro Wagatsuma
Source:
Horticulturae 2021 v.7 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2311-7524
Subject:
Limonium sinuatum; dimorphism; diploidy; flowers; leaf width; mixoploidy; ornamental plants; oryzalin; pollen; seeds; tetraploidy
Abstract:
... Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (2n = 2x = 16) is a popular ornamental plant with dimorphism of pollen grains (type A and type B) and stigmas (papilla and cob-like). We applied polyploidy breeding to this species in order to introduce desirable traits. Tetraploid and mixoploid L. sinuatum plants were successfully obtained with oryzalin treatment of L. sinuatum ‘Early Blue’ seeds. All three tetraploid ...
DOI:
10.3390/horticulturae7080248

77. MripacC regulates blastosphere budding and influences virulence of the pathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi

Author:
Ren Li; Jing Wang; Youping Yin; Chaoqun Deng; Kai Yang; Zhongkang Wang
Source:
Fungal biology 2021 v.125 no.8 pp. 596-608
ISSN:
1878-6146
Subject:
Metarhizium; blastospores; conidia; death; dimorphism; entomopathogenic fungi; hemolymph; hyphae; immune system; insects; mutants; mycelium; mycology; signal transduction; virulence; virulent strains; yeasts
Abstract:
... Fungal dimorphism is the ability of certain fungi to switch between two different cellular forms, yeast and mycelial forms, in response to external environmental factors. The pacC/Pal signal transduction pathway responds to neutral and alkaline environments and is also involved in the fungal dimorphic transition. In this study, we investigated the function of the pacC homolog, MripacC, which regul ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funbio.2021.03.001

78. A Novel Genetic Sexing Strain of Anastrepha ludens for Cost-Effective Sterile Insect Technique Applications: Improved Genetic Stability and Rearing Efficiency

Author:
Edwin Ramírez-Santos; Pedro Rendon; Georgia Gouvi; Antigone Zacharopoulou; Kostas Bourtzis; Carlos Cáceres; Kenneth Bloem
Source:
Insects 2021 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
Anastrepha ludens; Y chromosome; color; cost effectiveness; dimorphism; fecundity; genetic stability; integrated pest management; males; pupae; sterile insect technique
Abstract:
... Anastrepha ludens (Loew) is one of the most destructive insect pests damaging several fruits of economic importance. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used under an area-wide integrated pest management approach, to suppress these pest populations. Mass rearing facilities were initially established to produce sterile males of bi-sexual strains in support of SIT. The first genetic sexing strain ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects12060499

79. Novel molecular marker for RAA-LFD visual detection of Cynoglossus semilaevis sex

Author:
Na Zhao; Lei Jia; Jinyuan Che; Xiaoxu He; Bo Zhang
Source:
Animal reproduction science 2021 v.226 pp. 106713
ISSN:
0378-4320
Subject:
Cynoglossus semilaevis; DNA; W chromosome; animal reproduction; aquaculture; dimorphism; gel electrophoresis; genetic markers; habitats; recombinases; sex determination; temperature
Abstract:
... Due to the significant sex dimorphism, Cynoglossus semilaevis has long been a species of research interest in the field of artificial sex manipulation. The existence of pseudo-males both in the natural habitat and aquaculture enterprises also is indicative of the importance for identification of the genetic sex in this species. In the present study, there was elucidation of a novel molecular marke ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106713

80. On the Identity of Smicridea (Smicridea) aequalis Banks, 1920 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae): Morphology of Adults and Immature Stages, Bionomics, Distribution, and Male Color Dimorphism

Author:
Gleison Robson Desiderio; Vitória Santana; Erica Silva Pereira; Ana Maria Pes; Neusa Hamada
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2021 v.50 no.3 pp. 430-443
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Hydropsychidae; Neotropics; adults; biodiversity; cerrado; color; dimorphism; diurnal activity; entomology; environmental monitoring; fauna; inventories; larvae; males; pupae; riparian vegetation
Abstract:
... After 100 years of its description, the morphological circumscription of Smicridea aequalis Banks, 1920 is provided in this study by the integration of morphological characters of adult, pupal, and larval stages. This fact facilitates its recognition in faunal inventory studies and allows its use in biomonitoring programs, mainly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, two biodiversity hotspots where th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-021-00860-8

81. A PCR-based method for genetic sex identification and evidence of the XX/XY sex determination system in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides L.)

Author:
Jinxing Du; Jiahui Zhou; Shengjie Li; Jiaqi Shao; Peng Jiang; Chuanju Dong; Junjie Bai
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.545 pp. 737220
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Micropterus salmoides; agar gel electrophoresis; aquaculture; body size; dimorphism; farmed fish; freshwater; genotyping; polymerase chain reaction; sex chromosomes; sex determination; China
Abstract:
... Sex dimorphism of economic traits such as growth rate and body size have potential breeding value in aquaculture. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides L.) is an important freshwater cultured fish in China and the females live longer and reach larger sizes than males. However, the lacking of sex-specific makers and the unclear sex determination mechanism inhibits the development of all-female bre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737220

82. Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist

Author:
Luigi Barrea; Giovanna Muscogiuri; Gabriella Pugliese; Daniela Laudisio; Giulia de Alteriis; Chiara Graziadio; Annamaria Colao; Silvia Savastano
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
C-reactive protein; Mediterranean diet; bioelectrical impedance; biomarkers; blood; body weight; diagnostic techniques; dimorphism; nutritional status; physical activity; risk factors; waist circumference
Abstract:
... Phase angle (PhA), a noninvasive bioimpedance marker, is a useful tool for nutritional screening in several diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP), a strong risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is a commonly used biomarker of meta-inflammation. As both PhA and CRP are influenced by age, BMI, and nutritional status, and exhibit a clear sex dimorphism, we examined the association betwe ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13051446

83. Phylogenetic analysis supports the allochthonous origin of gynodioecy in New Zealand Gaultheria Kalm ex L.

Author:
Peter W. Fritsch; Lu Lu; Catherine M. Bush; Steven J. Wagstaff; Kathleen A. Kron
Source:
New Zealand journal of botany 2021 v.59 no.2 pp. 175-197
ISSN:
1175-8643
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Gaultheria; ancestry; dimorphism; dioecy; fruits; gender; gynodioecy; herbaria; male sterility; phylogeny; statistical analysis; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The origin and establishment of gender dimorphism has been postulated as a key element in the evolution of insular floras but has generally not been studied in an explicit phylogenetic framework. We tested the prior conclusion that the origin of gender dimorphism in the New Zealand species of Gaultheria Kalm ex L. is allochthonous by newly tracing the evolution of gender dimorphism on a phylogenet ...
DOI:
10.1080/0028825X.2020.1840400

84. Phylogeny and Character Evolution of the Neotropical Fern Genus Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae)

Author:
Amabily Bohn; Alan R. Smith; Fernando B. Matos; Robbin C. Moran; Paulo H. Labiak
Source:
Systematic botany 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 916-928
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Cyclodium; Neotropics; Polybotrya; dimorphism; ferns and fern allies; leaves; monophyly; rhizomes; statistical analysis; Andes region
Abstract:
... Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus with 13 species, most of them distributed in the Amazonian lowlands, particularly in the Guianan region and along the border with the Andes. It belongs to the polybotryoid clade of Dryopteridaceae, being unique within this clade by a combination of characters related to rhizome growth, leaf dimorphism, anastomosing venation, and peltate indusia. Here we presen ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364421X16370109698605

85. Rapid and Low-Cost Molecular Sexing of a Corvid Songbird Using a Single Protocol with Two Universal Primer Sets

Author:
Jimena Lois-Milevicich; Raúl O. Gómez; Cynthia A. Ursino; Nicolás A. Lois; Alicia de la Colina
Source:
Ardeola 2021 v.68 no.2 pp. 423-432
ISSN:
2341-0825
Subject:
Ardeola; Corvidae; DNA-binding proteins; agarose; dimorphism; females; gels; introns; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; polymerase chain reaction; sex determination; songbirds; surveys
Abstract:
... The absence of sex dimorphism in many bird species complicates sex determination by direct observation, hindering sex-specific studies. Standard protocols for molecular sexing include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of intron regions of the Chromodomain-Helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) gene. While several methods have been studied, their usefulness for songbirds (Passeriformes) ...
DOI:
10.13157/arla.68.2.2021.sc1

86. Rapid continental spread of a salt-tolerant plant along the European road network

Author:
R. Fekete; Gy. Haszonits; D. Schmidt; H. Bak; O. Vincze; K. Süveges; A. Molnár V.
Source:
Biological invasions 2021 v.23 no.8 pp. 2661-2674
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Plantago coronopus; altitude; dimorphism; germination; halophytes; introduced species; probability; roads; roadsides; salt tolerance; traffic; winter; Hungary
Abstract:
... The spread of alien species with the expansion of road networks and increasing traffic is a well-known phenomenon globally. Besides their corridor effects, road maintenance practices, such as the use of de-icing salts during winter facilitate the spread of halophyte (salt tolerant) species along roads. A good example is Plantago coronopus, a mainly coastal halophyte which has started spreading inl ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-021-02531-6

87. Reproductive adaption as a survival strategy to life in an arid environment: The terrestrial crustacean Hemilepistus reaumurii as a model

Author:
Anas Ayari; Chedliya Ghemari; Karima Nasri-Ammar
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2021 v.294 pp. 10-19
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
Crustacea; body length; dimorphism; dry environmental conditions; longevity; models; sex ratio; spring; univoltine habit
Abstract:
... The structure and dynamics of the natural population of Hemilepistus reaumurii, a terrestrial desert isopod, were studied. Results showed a well-balanced overall sex-ratio revealing a stable population. It was a seasonal reproduction with one breeding period, occurring in spring. Overall, analysis of the size-frequency showed the presence of three cohorts during the 18 months of monitoring. Lifesp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.003

88. A Review of Nearctic Selenophorus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) North of Mexico with New Species, New Synonyms, Range Extensions, and a Key

Author:
Peter W. Messer; Brian T. Raber
Source:
Coleopterists' bulletin 2021 v.75 no.1 pp. 9-55
ISSN:
0010-065X
Subject:
Carabidae; Nearctic region; Neotropics; adults; biogeography; male genitalia; new combination; new species; sexual dimorphism; Mexico; South America; Texas
Abstract:
... This review of the ground beetle genus Selenophorus Dejean of the Nearctic Region north of Mexico supplements the taxonomy and biogeography reported in an earlier catalogue on the North American Geadephaga. Eight new species of Selenophorus are described, seven Nearctic and one Neotropical. Selenophorus pararuficollis Messer and Raber, new species in South America and Selenophorus neoruficollis Me ...
DOI:
10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.9

89. Selection of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Wing Dimorphism in English Grain Aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Author:
Xiangrui Li; Xinan Li; Weiwei Yan; Brad Coates; Xuguo Zhou; Chao Wang; Gao Haifeng; Yunhui Zhang; Xun Zhu
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2021 v.115 no.1 pp. 313-324
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
NADH dehydrogenase; Sitobion avenae; antibiotics; computer software; dimorphism; entomology; gene expression; genotype; insecticides; polyphenism; ribosomal RNA; ribosomal proteins; transcriptome; ubiquitin
Abstract:
... The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), exhibits classic and dramatic phenotypic plasticity in wing development. Both genetic and environmental inputs contribute to the wing polyphenism in aphids, an extreme form of phenotypic plasticity in which a single genotype produces discrete winged and wingless morphs. Validated reference genes are needed to accurately normalize temporal and s ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/toab214

90. Sex bias miRNAs in Cynoglossus semilaevis could play a role in transgenerational inheritance

Author:
Na Zhao; Lei Jia; Xiaoxu He; Bo Zhang
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2021 v.39 pp. 100853
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
Cynoglossus semilaevis; dimorphism; epigenetics; fish; gametogenesis; males; microRNA; non-coding RNA; progeny; sexual development; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Alterations of non-coding RNA profiling in spermatozoa are candidate mechanisms related to changes in paternal environment and progeny. Transgenerational inheritance of sex in pseudomales of Cynoglossus semilaevis, a fish with significant sex dimorphism, is a typical example of non-Mendelian inheritance. In the present study, miRNA profiles of spermatozoa were compared between male and pseudomale ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100853

91. Soybean androgenesis II: non-gametophytic morphologies in isolated microspore culture

Author:
Brett Hale; Callie Phipps; Naina Rao; Caroline Kelley; Gregory C. Phillips
Source:
In vitro cellular & developmental biology 2021 v.57 no.3 pp. 356-364
ISSN:
1054-5476
Subject:
Glycine max; androgenesis; cultivars; dimorphism; exine; gametophytes; plant breeding; pollen; soybeans; temperature; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Gametophytic embryogenesis is a process capable of accelerating trait discovery and cultivar development in plant-breeding programs. However, recalcitrance to morphogenic stimuli has limited such work in many crops of interest, especially among fabaceous species such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). In complementary studies, donor plant and culture conditions were documented to successfully ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11627-020-10144-2

92. Switching it up: algal insights into sexual transitions

Author:
Susana M. Coelho; James Umen
Source:
Plant reproduction 2021 v.34 no.4 pp. 287-296
ISSN:
2194-7953
Subject:
algae; dimorphism; eukaryotic cells; evolution; gametogenesis; meiosis; plant reproduction; sex determination
Abstract:
... While the process of meiosis is highly conserved across eukaryotes, the sexual systems that govern life cycle phase transitions are surprisingly labile. Switches between sexual systems have profound evolutionary and ecological consequences, in particular for plants, but our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and ultimate causes underlying these transitions is still surprisingly incomplete ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00497-021-00417-0

93. Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Author:
Larissa Forim Pezenti; Sheila Michele Levy; Rogério Fernandes de Souza; Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez; Renata da Rosa
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2021 v.65 pp. 101111
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Anticarsia gemmatalis; Erebidae; arthropods; biosynthesis; dimorphism; ecdysone receptor; germ cells; juvenile hormones; juveniles; pests; pupae; spermatogenesis; testes; Brazil
Abstract:
... Anticarsia gemmatalis is one of the main defoliating pests of soybeans in Brazil. In the current study, we characterized the histomorphology of the testes and the spermatogenesis process in A. gemmatalis. We also identified transcripts involved in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling of juvenile and ecdysteroid hormones, in order to provide information about potential mechanisms of regulati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2021.101111

94. Transcriptional Profiles of Diploid Mutant Apis mellifera Embryos after Knockout of csd by CRISPR/Cas9

Author:
Xiuxiu Wang; Yan Lin; Liqiang Liang; Haiyang Geng; Meng Zhang; Hongyi Nie; Songkun Su
Source:
Insects 2021 v.12 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
Apis mellifera; CRISPR-Cas systems; dimorphism; diploidy; eggs; genes; heterozygosity; homozygosity; honey; males; mutants; sequence analysis; sex determination; sexual development; transcription (genetics); transcriptome; transcriptomics; troponin T; vitellogenin
Abstract:
... In honey bees, complementary sex determiner (csd) is the primary signal of sex determination. Its allelic composition is heterozygous in females, and hemizygous or homozygous in males. To explore the transcriptome differences after sex differentiation between males and females, with genetic differences excluded, csd in fertilized embryos was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9. The diploid mutant males at ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects12080704

95. Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulatory Mechanism of FoxO on Wing Dimorphism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Author:
Nan Xu; Sheng-Fei Wei; Hai-Jun Xu
Source:
Insects 2021 v.12 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
DNA replication; Nilaparvata lugens; cell cycle; cell proliferation; dimorphism; eclosion; gene expression regulation; gene ontology; genes; green fluorescent protein; polyphenism; transcription factors; transcriptomics; wings
Abstract:
... The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, can develop into either short-winged (SW) or long-winged (LW) adults according to environmental conditions, and has long served as a model organism for exploring the mechanisms of wing polyphenism in insects. The transcription factor NlFoxO acts as a master regulator that directs the development of either SW or LW morphs, but the underlying molecula ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects12050413

96. Transcriptomic analysis revealed gene expression profiles during the sex differentiation of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Author:
Wenteng Xu; Zhongkai Cui; Na Wang; Mengqian Zhang; Jialin Wang; Xiwen Xu; Yang Liu; Songlin Chen
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2021 v.40 pp. 100919
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
Cynoglossus semilaevis; RNA; dimorphism; females; gene expression; gene expression regulation; gene interaction; genes; genomics; gonads; lysosomes; marine fish; models; proteolysis; sexual development; transcriptomics; ubiquitin
Abstract:
... Sex differentiation in aquatic fish is important both for theoretical study and practical production, as growth dimorphism frequently appears in different sexes, especially in marine fish. The deciphered genome, identification of the male-determining gene dmrt1 and established genotypic sex screening method make Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) an ideal model to study sex differentiati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100919

97. Transition from juvenility to maturity strengthens photosynthesis in sclerophyllous and deciduous but not in semi-deciduous Mediterranean shrubs

Author:
Christos Chondrogiannis; George Grammatikopoulos
Source:
Environmental and experimental botany 2021 v.181 pp. 104265
ISSN:
0098-8472
Subject:
Cercis siliquastrum; Mediterranean climate; Nerium oleander; Phlomis fruticosa; adults; carbon dioxide; carboxylation; cold stress; dimorphism; electron transfer; environmental factors; habitats; juveniles; juvenility; leaf development; leaves; mesophyll; photosynthates; photosynthesis; radiation resistance; root systems; sexual maturity; shrubs; solar radiation; spring; summer; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Reproductive maturity was tested as a factor of photosynthetic differentiation in adults and juveniles of native Mediterranean species. An evergreen sclerophyllous shrub (Nerium oleander), a semi-deciduous shrub with leaf dimorphism (Phlomis fruticosa) and a winter deciduous tree with shrub-like habitat (Cercis siliquastrum) were used. In previous work, the adults of the above species appeared to ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104265

98. Tremella macrobasidiata and Tremella variae have abundant and widespread yeast stages in Lecanora lichens

Author:
Veera Tuovinen; Ana Maria Millanes; Sandra Freire‐Rallo; Anna Rosling; Mats Wedin
Source:
Environmental microbiology 2021 v.23 no.5 pp. 2484-2498
ISSN:
1462-2912
Subject:
Lecanora; Tremella; basidiomata; dimorphism; hyphae; lichens; symbiosis; thallus; yeasts
Abstract:
... Dimorphism is a widespread feature of tremellalean fungi in general, but a little‐studied aspect of the biology of lichen‐associated Tremella. We show that Tremella macrobasidiata and Tremella variae have an abundant and widespread yeast stage in their life cycles that occurs in Lecanora lichens. Their sexual filamentous stage is restricted to a specific lichen: T. macrobasidiata only forms basidi ...
DOI:
10.1111/1462-2920.15455

99. Use of a gene encoding zona pellucida 4 as a female-specific marker for early stage sexual differentiation and size dimorphism in the pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Author:
Mi-Jin Choi; Young Dae Oh; Yeo Reum Kim; Han Kyu Lim; Jong-Myoung Kim
Source:
Animal reproduction science 2021 v.225 pp. 106687
ISSN:
0378-4320
Subject:
Haliotis discus hannai; abalone; animal reproduction; aquaculture industry; dimorphism; economic valuation; gene expression; genes; immatures; mollusc culture; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sexual maturity; spermatozoa; zona pellucida
Abstract:
... Growth rates of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai are an important trait affecting the economic value in the abalone aquaculture industry. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of tissues from H. discus hannai was conducted for sexually mature gonads to determine male- and female-specific target gene expression, including genes encoding zona pellucida domain 4 (z ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106687

100. Wing morphometrics of medically and forensically important muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Author:
Kwankamol Limsopatham; Tunwadee Klong-klaew; Nuttanon Fufuang; Sangob Sanit; Kabkaew L. Sukontason; Kom Sukontason; Pradya Somboon; Narin Sontigun
Source:
Acta tropica 2021 v.222 pp. 106062
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
Hydrotaea; Musca domestica; dimorphism; discriminant analysis; forensic sciences; geometry; insects; morphometry; multivariate analysis; postmortem changes; species identification
Abstract:
... Many muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) are well-known as medical, veterinary, and forensically significant insects, thus correct species identification is critically important before applying for fly control and determining a minimal postmortem interval (PMIₘᵢₙ) in forensic investigations. Limited in taxonomic keys and taxonomists, as well as scanty in advanced molecular laboratories lead to diffic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106062