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Oriental traditional medicine; active ingredients; beta-glucuronidase; bioactive properties; daidzein; discriminant analysis; dose response; drugs; genistein; high performance liquid chromatography; least squares; liver; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; rats; screening; urine
Abstract:
... Identification of the bioactive ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remains a challenging task by traditional approach that focuses on chemical isolation coupled with biological activity screening. Here, we present a metabonomics-based approach for bioactive ingredient discovery in LiuWeiDiHuang pills (LWPs). First, a non-targeted high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet ( ...
... The anti-inflammatory activity of andalusol (ent-13(16),14-labdadiene-6α,8α,18-triol), a diterpenoid obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis foetens Clemen, has been investigated. This compound was able to inhibit acute inflammatory processes induced by carrageenan or 12-O -tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) after oral or topical administration. Quantitation of the neutrophil specific marke ...
... The multi-biomarker approach was used to validate urinary biomarkers in piglets administered boluses contaminated with mixtures of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) at different concentrations. Boluses contaminated with mycotoxins were prepared by slurrying and freezedrying feed material fortified with culture extracts of select ...
... The dose–response relationship of the water-soluble carbohydrate concentrate (WSCC) from wild grape (Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc.) on intestinal health was investigated in this study. WSCC contained carbohydrates up to 71.9 g/100 g, including arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharide, hemicelluloses, glucose, and fructose. The consumption of WSCC (0.5 and 1.5 g/100 g of diet) effectively (P < 0.05) s ...
... This study set out to understand the sublethal effect of xenobiotic phthalate esters (PAEs) on the relationship between the susceptibility of shrimp to bacterial infection and the immune response of the shrimp. Neocaridina denticulate were exposed to different concentrations of the PAE dipropyl phthalate (DPrP), and mortality and six immune parameters were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 after ex ...
... In mammals, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates expression of certain genes, including CYP1A1, in response to exposure to dioxins and related compounds. We have constructed a mouse AhR-mediated gene expression systems for a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene consisting of an AhR, an AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt), and a xenobiotic response element (XRE)-driven promoter in transgenic tob ...
... Delivering therapeutic levels of lysosomal enzymes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a pivotal issue in treating CNS storage diseases, including the mucopolysaccharidoses. An inherited deficiency of β-glucuronidase (GUS) causes mucopolysaccharidosis type VII that is characterized by increased systemic and CNS storage of glycosaminoglycans. We previously showed that the neonate uses the ...
... Marigold (Tagetes erecta) leaf explants were bombarded with plasmid pBI426 in a low pressure particle inflow gun. Transient expression assays were performed with different pressures and distances. The best transient expression (GUS) level was obtained with explants induced in regeneration medium and bombarded at 10.5 cm and 551.6 kPa. Stable expression assays were performed and the callus tissue w ...
... Microprojectile- or Agrobacterium-mediated DNA delivery into calluses initiated from immature embryos has proven to be effective in transforming wheat. Yet, obtaining a large number of high quality immature embryos throughout the year is a laborious and delicate process. To circumvent these limitations, we propose an alternative technique applying the particle bombardment technology to calluses de ...
... Genetic transformation system of Dendrobium Sonia 17 was optimized using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as the reporter systems. The 35S-sgfp-TYG-nos (p35S) and pSMDFR, carrying sgfp and gusA gene, respectively, were co-bombarded into the calluses. Parameters optimized were acceleration pressure, target distance, gold particle size, pre-bombardment cultured time, ...
... The regenerability of Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorum was investigated using leaf-base sections excised from plantlets grown in vitro. Young leaf bases were cut into three sections each 2 mm in length, the lowest 0-2 mm section adjacent to, but not including, the apical meristem. Callus development followed by embryogenesis occurred only in the lowest 2 mm leaf-base sections of L. perenne cv ...
... Glufosinate resistance gene isolated from Streptomyces hygromicinroscopicus (bar) that confers the resistance of herbicide Liberty, a broad-spectrum grass and broadleaf contact herbicide widely used for weed control, was introduced into triploid bermudagrass by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Embryogenic calluses derived from stolonous nodal segment were co-cultured with the disarmed strain ...
... Three antibiotics were evaluated for their effects on the elimination of Agrobacterium tumefaciens during the genetic transformation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using mature zygotic embryos as targets. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, EHA105, GV3101, and LBA 4404, all harbouring the plasmid pCAMBIA1301, which carries the selectable marker gene, hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) controlle ...
... As a first step in the development of a successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation method for kenaf, factors influencing the successful T-DNA integration and expression (as measured by the GUS expression) were investigated. Transformation was carried out using two kenaf cultivars and Agrobacterium strain EHA 105 carrying different vectors, plasmid pIG 121-Hm or pEC:gus. Pre-cultu ...
... Elevated cytokinins levels in vivo resulted in both enlarged and retarded growth phenotypes. Cytokinin levels were similar in both phenotypic groups. The ratio of the two phenotypes could be altered by changing the sucrose concentration in MS medium or the light intensity. Increased cytokinins in ipt:: GUS activated Arabidopsis induced the syntheses of anthocyanins and lignins, while light speeded ...
... A protocol was developed to obtain stable transgenic orchids (Dendrobium nobile) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains AGL1 and EHA105 were used, with each containing a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 with the hpt gene as a selectable marker for hygromycin resistance and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase gene (gus-int) as a report ...
... Hypocotyls from annatto seedlings, were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector, pBI.121 or pCAMBIA2301, containing the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene. Histochemical GUS assay of infected hypocotyls from two annatto varieties showed transient gus gene expression between 3 and 12 days after inoculation. ...
... Raising the level of extracellular ATP to mM concentrations similar to those found inside cells can block gravitropism of Arabidopsis roots. When plants are grown in Murashige and Skoog medium supplied with 1 mM ATP, their roots grow horizontally instead of growing straight down. Medium with 2 mM ATP induces root curling, and 3 mM ATP stimulates lateral root growth. When plants are transferred to ...
... Five different varieties of Brassica napus (Cyclone, Dunkled, Oscar, Rainbow and KS75) were tested for their regeneration response. Cyclone showed a very high frequency of regeneration (92%). The use of silver nitrate was a pre-requisite for efficient shoot regeneration. Hypocotyls were selected as the starting material for transformation experiments on the basis of high transient GUS expression. ...
... In an effort to increase in vitro blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) shoot production without negatively impacting subsequent genetic engineering experiments, studies were conducted to examine the effects of sucrose concentration in the propagation medium on shoot proliferation and on the transfer of an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene into leaf explants from the propagated shoots. Nu ...
... We have developed a reliable and high-frequency system of transformation and regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Lycium barbarum. Leaf segments were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pIG121Hm) carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene as a selectable marker and an intron-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter marker. On the medium for callus-induction, whi ...
... An improved protocol for shoot regeneration from hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes of the legume species Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milk vetch) has been developed. The A. rhizogenes strain DC-AR2 harboring the binary vector pBI121 which carries the uidA gene encoding beta-glucuronidase activity and the kanamycin resistance gene nptII, was used to transform cut ends of plantlet h ...
... The percentage of cells successfully transformed by Agrobacteria is usually very low (not more than 10% and usually much less; Thomas et al., 1989). In this report we show that in carrot (Daucus carota L., ssp. sativus) cell suspensions transformation efficiency was strongly improved by using cell cycle synchronized cells. Fluorodesoxyuridine (FDU) was added for 24 h to inhibit thymidine synthesis ...
... Doubled haploid lines, which have high levels of genetic uniformity, are suitable for physiological or genetic studies. We established a transformation system using a doubled haploid line of cabbage. Hypocotyl explants that had been precultured for 3 days on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 50 micromolar acetosyringone were inoculated and cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA44 ...
... Shoot organogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana was studied with regard to the timing of key developmental phases and expression of the SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) gene. Shoot regeneration in the highly organogenic ecotype C24 was affected by explant type and age. The percentage of C24 cotyledon explants producing shoots decreased from 90% to 26% when donor seedlings were more than 6 d old, but 96% of roo ...
... Embryogenic cultures from immature zygotic embryos of Pinus radiata seeds were established on semisolid proliferation medium with 2,4-D and BAP. Growing embryogenic masses containing embryonal cells and suspensor cells were subcultured on this media every 2 weeks. After 10 weeks, embryogenic masses (1.5 cm diameter) were transferred to a maturation medium containing ABA. Fully developed somatic em ...
... By manipulating hormone levels, light intensities and temperature, we have developed an efficient leaf-disc method for the regeneration of plants via embryogenesis and for transformation in four genotypes of Vitis viniferaL. In MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg l–¹6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg l–¹2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, leaf discs cultured for 2 weeks under dark conditions prod ...
... Embryo axes of four accessions of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were treated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains C58C1/GV2260 carrying the plasmid p35SGUSINT and EHA101 harbouring the plasmid pIBGUS. In both vectors the GUS gene is interrupted by an intron. After inoculation shoot formation was promoted on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP under a selection pressure of 100 mg/l kanamycin or 10 ...
... A procedure for producing transgenic Chinese cabbage plants by inoculating cotyledonary explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 carrying a binary vector pIG121Hm, which contains kanamycin-resistance and hygromycin-resistance genes and the GUS reporter gene, is described. Infection was most effective (highest infection frequency) when explants were infected with Agrobacterium for 15 m ...
... A protocol was developed for establishing embryogenic suspension cultures from in vitro-grown, thin shoot-tip sections of the banana cultivar Rasthali. The best medium for callus induction was an MS-based medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l zeatin. The callus was transferred to liquid medium to establish embryogenic cell suspensions. These cultures were subsequently used for Agrobac ...
... The influence of CaCl(2) was investigated on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer in Hevea brasiliensis friable calli which are usually proliferated on maintenance medium (MM) containing 9 mM CaCl(2). Five A. tumefaciens strains C58pMP90, C58pGV2260, AGL1, LBA4404 and EHA 105) and two binary vectors (pGIN and pCAMBIA2301) were tested and the strain EHA105pC2301 was selected to conduct ...
... Stable transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at a high frequency has been obtained by particle bombardment of embryogenic cell suspension cultures. Transient and stable expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was monitored in cell suspension cultures. Transient expression, measured 48 h after bombardment, was abundant, and stable expression was observed in over 4% of the transie ...
... An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated protocol for the stable genetic transformation of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (California poppy) via somatic embryogenesis is reported. Excised cotyledons were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying the pBI121 binary vector. Except for the co-cultivation medium, all formulations included 50 mg l-1 paromomycin as the selective agent and 200 m ...
... The expression of the Arabidopsis heat shock protein (HSP) 18.2 promoter-beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) chimera gene was investigated in transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants during the recovery phase at normal temperatures (20-22 degrees C) after a heat shock (HS) treatment. GUS activity increased during the recovery phase after HS at 42 degrees C for 2 h, and maximal GUS activity was observed ...
... Substantial improvement in peppermint (Mentha x piperita L. Black Mitcham) genetic transformation has been achieved so that the frequency of transgenic plants regenerated (percent of leaf explants that produced transformed plants) was 20-fold greater than with the original protocol. Essential modifications were made to conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation that enhanced infection ...
... A protocol is presented for genetically engineering Cymbidium orchid using particle bombardment. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of orchid plants that were previously difficult to transform. Liquid culture was used to generate a large number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) to be bombarded and to promote continued development of the bombarded meristematic tissue. Plasmid DNA (pKH20 ...
... An efficient system for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and production of transgenic plants was developed. Transformation was accomplished by cocultivation of hypocotyl segments with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a binary Ti-plasmid vector harboring chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) genes. A modified Gamborg's B5 medium used ...
... For the first time, regeneration and transformation have been achieved from the legume Galega orientalis Lam.(goat's rue). Two different regeneration protocols are described, one based on direct shoot induction from meristems and the other involving callus induction and shoot induction from callus with the plant growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ). Different media and explants were evaluated. Three ...
... The expression of the Arabidopsis heat-shock protein (HSP) 18.2 promoter beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) chimera gene was studied in various organs of the transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia during the recovery phase at normal temperatures (20-22 degrees C) following heat-shock (HS) treatment. The optimum HS temperature for GUS activity in the anthers, petals and capsules was 42 degrees C, but in imma ...
... Transgenic Mexican lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing] plants were regenerated from tissues transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4, containing the wild-type plasmid pRiA4 and the binary vector pESC4 with nos-npt II and cab-gus genes. Transgenic shoots were generated by two different approaches. The first approach used internodal stem segments cocultured with A. rhizogenes. These ...
... Genetic transformation of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) was achieved utilizing a Ti-plasmid vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Internodal stem segments were inoculated with Agrobacterium strain EHA 101 carrying a T-DNA with the CaMV 35 S promoter-gus-int marker gene from which beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is expressed only in plants. Regenerants were produced on Murashige and Skoog mediu ...
... Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) leaves were transformed with the marker genes gusA (beta-glucuronidase) and nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Bacterial strains and pre-culture of explants affected efficiency of gene transfer evaluated by transient expression assays. Following transformation, shoots were induced from primary explants on medium without ka ...