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You searched for: Subject term dose response Remove constraint Subject term: dose response Subject term esters Remove constraint Subject term: esters
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1. The effect of edible coatings on storage quality of McIntosh, Delicious and Spartan apples

Author:
Lau, O.L.; Meheriuk, M.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1994 v.74 no.4 pp. 847-852
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
apples; storage quality; coatings; sucrose; fatty acids; esters; polysaccharides; cold storage; food quality; acidity; food composition; dose response; ripening; humidity; cultivars; genetic variation
DOI:
10.4141/cjps94-153

2. Induction of nopaline synthase promoter activity by H2O2 has no direct correlation with salicylic acid

Author:
Dai, Z.; An, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.4 pp. 1191-1197
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
recombinant DNA; salicylic acid; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; dose response; jasmonic acid; nopaline; hydrogen peroxide; gene expression; Nicotiana tabacum; esters; oxygen; defense mechanisms; enzyme activity; pathogenesis-related proteins; biosynthesis; catalase; transgenic plants; biochemical pathways; mutants; reporter genes; kinetics
Abstract:
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants carrying a fusion between the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (cat) were tested for their response to treatment with H2O2. The nos promoter-driven CAT activity increased significantly by addition of H2O2, reaching the maximum level at 15 mM. Kinetic analysis for CAT activity showed that indu ...
PubMed:
8539287
PubMed Central:
PMC157649

3. Biological activity of optically pure C-1 altered abscisic acid analogs in Brassica napus microspore embryos

Author:
Hays, D.B.; Rose, P.; Abrams, S.R.; Moloney, M.M.
Source:
Journal of plant growth regulation 1996 v.15 no.1 pp. 5-11
ISSN:
0721-7595
Subject:
messenger RNA; germination; dose response; embryo (plant); aldehydes; isomers; gene expression; genes; esters; Brassica napus; mutants; abscisic acid; molecular conformation; alcohols
Abstract:
... We have examined the effects of stereochemically pure analogs of abscisic acid (ABA) on three responses in Brassica napus microspore embryos. The analogs used include modifications to natural (S-) (+)-ABA (=N-ABA) at the C-1 and C-1' positions. At the C-1 position, the carboxylic acid function was replaced with an alcohol, aldehyde, or methyl ester functional group, and at the chiral C-1' position ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00213128

4. Effect of tannic acid on benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation in mouse epidermis: comparison with synthetic gallic acid esters

Author:
Baer-Dubowska, W.; Gnojkowski, J.; Fenrych, W.
Source:
Nutrition and cancer 1997 v.29 no.1 pp. 42-47
ISSN:
0163-5581
Subject:
gallic acid; dose response; glutathione transferase; DNA; oxygenases; mice; tannins; animal models; esters; enzyme activity; benzopyrenes; topical application
Abstract:
... Tannic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenol, was shown to inhibit the mutagenicity and/or tumorigenicity of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mouse skin. In this study the effect of topical application of tannic acid on epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione S transferase, and binding of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to epidermal DNA was compared with the activity of synthetic ...
DOI:
10.1080/01635589709514600
PubMed:
9383783

5. Identification and characterization of linoleic acid as an endogenous modulator of in vitro N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

Author:
Suttle, J.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 519-525
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
naphthalene; linoleic acid; in vitro culture; dose response; nutrient transport; microsomes; phthalates; auxins; binding sites; epicotyls; structure-activity relationships; chemical constituents of plants; Pisum sativum
Abstract:
... An endogenous inhibitor of the in vitro binding of the phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid to microsomal membranes was detected in extracts prepared from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls. Following extensive purification, the inhibitor was identified as linoleic acid. Authentic linoleic acid inhibited N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding noncompetitively in a dose-dependent manner, ex ...

6. Importance of the chiral centers of jasmonic acid in the responses of plants. Activities and antagonism between natural and synthetic analogs

Author:
Holbrook, L.; Tung, P.; Ward, K.; Reid, D.M.; Abrams, S.; Lamb, N.; Quail, J.W.; Moloney, M.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 419-428
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Brassica napus; measurement; chemical degradation; dose response; jasmonic acid; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; Nicotiana tabacum; esters; stereochemistry; enzyme activity; chemical structure; seed germination; transgenic plants; cotyledons; proteinase inhibitors; reporter genes; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... The importance of the two chiral centers at C-3 and C-7 in the molecular structure of jasmonic acid in plant responses was investigated. We separated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) into (3R)- and (3S)-isomers with a fixed stereochemistry at C-3, but epimerization at C-7 is possible. The four isomers of the nonepimerizable analog 7-methyl MeJA were synthesized. These six esters and their corresponding aci ...

7. Dietary lipid varying in corn and coconut oil influences protein kinase C in phorbol ester-treated mouse skin

Author:
Mouat, M.F.; Locniskar, M.F.
Source:
Nutrition and cancer 1998 v.30 no.2 pp. 108-117
ISSN:
0163-5581
Subject:
carcinogenesis; linoleic acid; dose response; dietary fat; coconut oil; neoplasms; experimental diets; protein content; arachidonic acid; gene expression; mice; corn oil; esters; animal models; carcinogens; enzyme activity; isozymes; palmitic acid; topical application
Abstract:
... An earlier study indicated that increased levels of corn oil in the diet resulted in decreased tumor yield after promotion by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in Sencar mouse epidermis (J Leyton, ML Lee, M Locniskar, MA Belury, TJ Slaga, et al. Cancer Res 51, 907-915, 1991). In the present study we investigated whether corn oil diets could alter the subcellular distribution a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01635589809514649
PubMed:
9589428

8. Effects of jasmonic acid and its methylester on in vitro microtuberisation of three food yam (dioscorea) species

Author:
Jasik, J.; Mantell, S.H.
Source:
Plant cell reports 2000 v.19 no.9 pp. 863-867
ISSN:
0721-7714
Subject:
Dioscorea alata; dose response; Dioscorea cayenensis; cell growth; jasmonic acid; explants; tubers; esters; micropropagation; culture media; Dioscorea rotundata; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) applied in the medium and its methylester (MeJA) applied either in the medium or as a vapour, on shoot growth and microtuber formation were evaluated in three important food yam species (Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, and D. rotundata). Single nodes with leaves, derived from in vitro-multiplied material, were used as explants. When delivered at higher concentrati ...
DOI:
10.1007/s002990000207

9. Jasmonates induce over-accumulation of methylputrescine and conjugated polyamines in Hyoscyamus muticus L. root cultures

Author:
Biondi, S.; Fornale, S.; Oksman-Caldentey, K.M.; Eeva, M.; Agostani, S.; Bagni, N.
Source:
Plant cell reports 2000 v.19 no.7 pp. 691-697
ISSN:
0721-7714
Subject:
polyamines; biosynthesis; dose response; jasmonic acid; transgenic plants; scopolamine; Hyoscyamus muticus; putrescine; cultured cells; esters; atropine; genetic variation; roots
DOI:
10.1007/s002999900178

10. Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging

Author:
Dobias, J.; Chudackova, K.; Voldrich, M.; Marek, M.
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2000 v.17 no.12 pp. 1047-1053
ISSN:
0265-203X
Subject:
temperature; foods; packaging materials; dose response; food contamination; food storage; food packaging; physicochemical properties; storage quality; 4-hydroxybenzoic acid; polyethylene film; esters; anti-infective agents; oxygen; food preservatives
Abstract:
... Benzoic anhydride and ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (ETP and PRP, respectively, also termed parabens) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied with regard to migration into food and food simulants at 6 degrees C and 25 degrees C, and changes in selected properties of the film were investigated. Antimicrobials were incorporated into polymer film in conc ...
DOI:
10.1080/02652030010014394
PubMed:
11271839

11. A biomarker approach to measuring human dietary exposure to certain phthalate diesters

Author:
Anderson, W.A.C.; Castle, L.; Scotter, M.J.; Massey, R.C.; Springall, C.
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2001 v.18 no.12 pp. 1068-1074
ISSN:
0265-203X
Subject:
urine; dose response; diet study techniques; biomarkers; phthalates; adults; metabolites
Abstract:
... Three groups of eight volunteers were administered stable isotope-labelled phthalate diesters in a single dose and the amount of the corresponding phthalate monoesters excreted in the urine was measured. Amongst the phthalates administered were the symmetrical dibutyl-, di-2-ethyl- and diisooctyl- phthalates along with the unsymmetrical benzylbutylphthalate. The control group received no dose, the ...
DOI:
10.1080/02652030110050113
PubMed:
11761117

12. Attractants from Bartlett pear for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae

Author:
Alan L. Knight; Douglas M. Light
Source:
Naturwissenschaften 2001 v.88 no.8 pp. 339-342
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
Cydia pomonella; larvae; insect attractants; host plants; Pyrus communis; pears; esters; volatile compounds; kairomones; dose response; olfactometry
Abstract:
... The alkyl ethyl and methyl esters of (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid found in head-space samples of ripe Bartlett pear (Pyrus communis L.) stimulated a response from neonate larvae of the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), in both static-air Petri-plate and in upwind Y-tube and straight-tube olfactometer bioassays. In comparison with the known CM neonate attractant, (E,E)-α-farnesene, ethyl (2E ...
Handle:
10113/2990
DOI:
10.1007/s001140100244
PubMed:
11572015

13. Impacts of ionizing radiation on volatile production by ripening Gala apple fruit

Author:
Fan, X.; Argenta, L.; Mattheis, J.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2001 v.49 no.1 pp. 254-262
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
volatile compounds; dose response; apples; ionizing radiation; ethylene production; aldehydes; ripening; esters; flavor compounds; food irradiation; odors; chemical treatment; ketones
Abstract:
... Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Gala) fruit treated with 0.5 microliter(.)L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) or air (non-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 0, 0.44, 0.88, or 1.32 kGy at 23 degrees C and then stored at 20 degrees C. Production of volatile compounds was measured on the day of irradiation and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after irradiation. Both MCP ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf0008994
PubMed:
11170586

14. Allelopathic potential of citrus fruit peel and abscisic acid-glucose ester

Author:
Kato-Noguchi, H.; Tanaka, Y.
Source:
Plant growth regulation 2003 v.40 no.2 pp. 117-120
ISSN:
0167-6903
Subject:
Citrus junos; Citrus unshiu; Citrus hassaku; citrus fruits; citrus peels; plant extracts; chemical constituents of plants; abscisic acid; esters; allelochemicals; growth retardation; bioassays; Lactuca sativa; roots; hypocotyls; dose response
Abstract:
... Aqueous methanol extracts of Citrus junos, C. unshiu and C. hassaku fruit peel inhibited the growth of the roots and hypocotyls of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Significant reductions in the root and hypocotyl growth were observed as the extract concentration increased in all bioassays. The inhibitory activity of C. junos extract on the growth of lettuce roots and hypocotyls was about 13- ...

15. Jatrophane diterpenoids from Euphorbia mongolica as modulators of the multidrug resistance of L5128 mouse lymphoma cells

Author:
Hohmann, J.; Redei, D.; Forgo, P.; Molnar, J.; Dombi, G.; Zorig, T.
Source:
Journal of natural products 2003 v.66 no.7 pp. 976-979
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
dose response; phytochemicals; multiple drug resistance; medicinal plants; plant extracts; chemical structure; mice; carbon; diterpenoids; esters; spectral analysis; protons; cell lines; Euphorbia; stereochemistry; Mongolia
DOI:
10.1021/np030036f
PubMed:
12880317

16. Dose-response of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone dispensers

Author:
Knight, A.L.; Light, D.M.
Source:
Environmental entomology 2005 v.34 no.3 pp. 604-609
ISSN:
0046-225X
Subject:
temporal variation; kairomones; baits; insect attractants; dose response; sex pheromones; sex ratio; pheromone traps; esters; Malus domestica; mating disruption; virgin females; Cydia pomonella
Abstract:
... Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards to evaluate the attractiveness of the kairomone, ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester), loaded at various rates into gray halobutyl septa, to adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. All studies were conducted in orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption. Lure loadings from 0.01 microgram to 50.0 mg were evaluated ...
Handle:
10113/447
DOI:
10.1603/0046-225X-34.3.604

17. Free and Total Carnitine Concentrations in Pig Plasma after Oral Ingestion of Various L-Carnitine Compounds

Author:
Klaus Eder; Juliane Felgner; Karin Becker; Holger Kluge
Source:
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research 2005 v.75 no.1 pp. 3-9
ISSN:
0300-9831
Subject:
swine; food animals; blood chemistry; carnitine; chemical concentration; ingestion; esters; organic salts; bioavailability; blood plasma; temporal variation; dose response; uptake mechanisms; nutrient uptake
Abstract:
... This study was undertaken to investigate the bioavailability of various L-carnitine esters (acetyl-L-carnitine and lauroyl-L-carnitine) and salts (L-carnitine L-tartrate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine magnesium citrate) relative to base of free L-carnitine. Six groups of five or six piglets each were administered orally a single dose of 40 mg L-carnitine equivalents/kg body weight of each of t ...
DOI:
10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.3
PubMed:
15830915

18. Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple with blends of ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone

Author:
Knight, A.L.; Hilton, R.; Light, D.M.
Source:
Environmental entomology 2005 v.34 no.3 pp. 598-603
ISSN:
0046-225X
Subject:
kairomones; dose response; insect attractants; sex pheromones; insect pheromones; sex ratio; pheromone traps; esters; Malus domestica; mating disruption; pest monitoring; mixtures; Cydia pomonella
Abstract:
... Studies evaluated blends of the pear-derived kairomone ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone, loaded in gray halobutyl septa, as attractants for adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Studies were conducted in apple orchards, Malus domestica Borkhausen, treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Septa were loaded with either one or both compounds at rates of ...
Handle:
10113/446
DOI:
10.1603/0046-225X-34.3.598

19. Application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester reduces mature fruit abscission in Citrus navel cultivars

Author:
Agusti, M.; Juan, M.; Martinez-Fuentes, A.; Mesejo, C.; Reig, C.; Almela, V.
Source:
Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology 2006 v.81 no.3 pp. 532-536
ISSN:
1462-0316
Subject:
plant development; cultivars; dose response; developmental stages; oranges; Citrus sinensis; crop yield; fruit drop; ripening; esters; genetic variation; crop management; 2,4-D; Spain

20. Effects of L-Arginine, L-NAME, Methylene Blue, and Their Combinations on Corchorus olitorius Aqueous Extract Antinociception in Mice

Author:
Zakaria, Z.A.; Somchit, M.N.; Sulaiman, M.R.; Mat Jais, A.M.; Fatimah, C.A.
Source:
Pharmaceutical biology 2006 v.44 no.6 pp. 430-439
ISSN:
1388-0209
Subject:
dose response; aspirin; arginine; methylene blue; medicinal plants; plant extracts; biochemical pathways; mice; animal models; esters; Corchorus olitorius; analgesic effect
DOI:
10.1080/13880200600798478

21. Use of persistent analogs of abscisic acid as palliatives against salt-stress induced damage in citrus plants

Author:
Arbona, V.; Lopez-Climent, M.F.; Mahouachi, J.; Perez-Clemente, R.M.; Abrams, S.R.; Gomez-Cadenas, A.
Source:
Journal of plant growth regulation 2006 v.25 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
0721-7595
Subject:
Citrus; salinity; salt tolerance; abscisic acid; methylation; acetylene; esters; dose response; chlorides; biosynthesis; ethylene production; leaves; abscission; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate
Abstract:
... The effectiveness of several abscisic acid (ABA) analogs as palliatives against salt stress in intact citrus plants has been tested in this work. The effect of ABA, 8'-methylene ABA, 8'-acetylene ABA, ABA methyl ester, 8'-methylene ABA methyl ester, and 8'-acetylene ABA methyl ester on citrus responses to salt stress was studied on 2-year-old grafted plants. Leaf abscission, chloride accumulation, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00344-005-0038-6

22. Biological Activity of Ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienoate on Different Tortricid Species: Electrophysiological Responses and Field Tests

Author:
Schmidt, S.; Anfora, G.; Ioriatti, C.; Germinara, G.S.; Rotundo, G.; De Cristofaro, A.
Source:
Environmental entomology 2007 v.36 no.5 pp. 1025-1031
ISSN:
0046-225X
Subject:
kairomones; Pyrus communis; insect attractants; electroantennography; dose response; baits; trapping; host plants; Castanea sativa; esters; electrophysiology; antennae; Cydia pomonella; Italy
Abstract:
... Ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) is known to be a kairomonal attractant for both male and female codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Electroantennographic (EAG) studies were conducted to investigate the sensitivities of codling moth, the chestnut torticid species Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller), Cydia splendana (Hübner), and Pammene fasciana L., and the green budmo ...
DOI:
10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1025:BAOEEO]2.0.CO;2
PubMed:
18284724

23. Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards

Author:
Mitchell, Vanessa J.; Manning, Lee-Anne; Cole, Lyn; Suckling, David M.; El-Sayed, Ashraf M.
Source:
Pest management science 2008 v.64 no.3 pp. 209-214
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
pears; Pyrus communis; esters; biomarkers; monitoring; Cydia pomonella; orchards; apples; sex pheromones; insect pheromones; kairomones; males; females; insect pests; insect traps; gender differences; bait traps; insect control; insect attractants; insect flight; phenology; dose response; geographical variation; New Zealand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromon ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.1479
PubMed:
18189264

24. Improvement of biodiesel production by lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed methanolysis using response surface methodology and acyl migration enhancer

Author:
Wang, Y.; Wu, H.; Zong, M.H.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2008 v.99 no.15 pp. 7232-7237
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biodiesel; corn oil; dose response; enzymatic reactions; esters; feedstocks; methanol; response surface methodology; triacylglycerol lipase; triethylamine
Abstract:
... The process of biodiesel production from corn oil catalyzed by lipozyme TL IM, an inexpensive 1,3-position specific lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to study the effects of enzyme dosage, ratio of t-butanol to oil (v/v) and ratio of methanol to oil (mol/mol) on the methyl esters (ME) yie ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.062
PubMed:
18262410

25. Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity and DNA damage

Author:
Lee, K.J.; Choi, J.H.; Hwang, Y.P.; Chung, Y.C.; Jeong, H.G.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2008 v.46 no.7 pp. 2445-2450
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
aspartate transaminase; DNA damage; lipid peroxidation; deoxysugars; propolis; cell lines; chemical degradation; oxidative stress; protective effect; dose response; alanine transaminase; esters; superoxide anion; human diseases; lesions (animal); cytotoxicity; rats; hydroperoxides; liver; caffeic acid; animal models; Oriental traditional medicine; hepatotoxicity
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.032
PubMed:
18485557

26. Dietary RRR-α-tocopherol succinate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion in broiler chicks

Author:
Zhang, Xuhui; Zhong, Xiang; Zhou, Yanmin; Wang, Gaiqin; Du, Haiming; Wang, Tian
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2010 v.104 no.12 pp. 1796-1805
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
blood; broiler chickens; transcription factors; liver; dose response; interleukins; experimental diets; reactive oxygen species; inflammation; alpha-tocopherol; creatine kinase; spleen; esters; prostaglandins; enzyme activity; chicks; broiler feeding; interferons
Abstract:
... The anti-inflammatory effects of two esters of α-tocopherol (α-TOH), all-rac-α-TOH acetate (dl-α-TOA) and RRR-α-TOH succinate (d-α-TOS), on broilers repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. Three hundred and twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks were allotted into four treatment groups and fed on a control diet (30 mg/kg dl-α-TOA) or diets containing 10, 30, 50 mg/kg d-α-TOS. ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114510002801

27. Improved measurements of Na⁺ fluxes in plants using calixarene-based microelectrodes

Author:
Maheswari Jayakannan; Olga Babourina; Zed Rengel
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 2011 v.168 no.10 pp. 1045-1051
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; acetic acid; rhizosphere; dose response; plasticizers; ethers; cells; potassium; esters; plant response; sodium chloride; borates; roots; salt stress
Abstract:
... Ion-selective microelectrodes are a powerful tool in studying adaptive responses of plant cells and tissues to various abiotic stresses. However, application of this technique in Na⁺ flux measurements was limited due to poor selectivity for Na⁺ ions of commercially available Na⁺ cocktails. Often, these cocktails cannot discriminate between Na⁺ and other interfering ions such as K⁺ and Ca²⁺, leadin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.006
PubMed:
21256620

28. Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPD mono- and di-palmitic esters in Swiss mice and their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells

Author:
Man Liu; Bo-Yan Gao; Fang Qin; Ping-Ping Wu; Hai-Ming Shi; Wei Luo; Ai-Niu Ma; Yuan-Rong Jiang; Xue-Bing Xu; Liang-Li (Lucy) Yu
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2012 v.50 no.10 pp. 3785-3791
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
blood serum; creatinine; cytotoxicity; dose response; esters; histopathology; kidney cells; lethal dose 50; mice; necrosis; rats; seminiferous tubules; spermatids; tissue weight; toxicology; urea nitrogen
Abstract:
... The acute oral toxicity of 1-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate) and 1,2-bis-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (3-MCPD dipalmitate) in Swiss mice were examined, along with their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells. LD₅₀ (median lethal dose) value of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate was determined 2676.81mg/kg body weight (BW). The results showed that 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate dose-dependent ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.038

29. Calcium Increases Xylella fastidiosa Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility

Author:
Luisa F. Cruz; Paul A. Cobine; Leonardo De La Fuente
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2012 v.78 no.5 pp. 1321-1331
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Xylella fastidiosa; adhesion; bacteria; biofilm; calcium; calcium chloride; cell adhesion; chelating agents; chemical composition; dose response; esters; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; fimbriae; mutants; sap; tetracycline; xylem vessels
Abstract:
... Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms inside xylem vessels, a process thought to be influenced by the chemical composition of xylem sap. In this work, the effect of calcium on the production of X. fastidiosa biofilm and movement was analyzed under in vitro conditions. After a dose-response study with 96-well plates using eight metals, the strongest increase of biof ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.06501-11
PubMed:
22194297
PubMed Central:
PMC3294462

30. Feedback regulation of plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase by 18:1-acyl carrier protein in Brassica napus

Author:
Carl Andre; Richard P. Haslam; John Shanklin
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.25 pp. 10107-10112
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Brassica napus; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; biosynthesis; canola; carbon; cell culture; crops; cytosol; dose response; enzyme activity; esters; free fatty acids; oils; oilseed crops; oleic acid; radiolabeling; seeds
Abstract:
... Plant seed oil represents a major renewable source of reduced carbon, but little is known about the biochemical regulation of its synthesis. The goal of this research was to identify potential feedback regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Brassica napus embryo-derived cell cultures and to characterize both the feedback signals and enzymatic targets of the inhibition. Fatty acids delivered via ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1204604109
PubMed:
22665812
PubMed Central:
PMC3382543

31. Flavonoids with Potent Antioxidant Activity Found in Young Green Barley Leaves

Author:
Kamiyama Masumi; Shibamoto Takayuki
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2012 v.60 no.25 pp. 6260-6267
ISSN:
1520-5118
Subject:
alpha-tocopherol; antioxidant activity; arachidonic acid; barley; blood plasma; butylated hydroxytoluene; cardiovascular diseases; cod liver oil; docosahexaenoic acid; dose response; eicosapentaenoic acid; esters; flavonoids; leaves; lipoproteins; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Saponarin, a flavonoid found in young green barley leaves, possesses potent antioxidant activities, which are determined by its inhibition of malonaldehyde (MA) formation from various lipids oxidized by UV light or Fenton’s reagent. Lipids used were squalene, ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate, ethyl arachidonate, octadecatetraenoic acid (ODTA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DH ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf301700j
PubMed:
22681491

32. Antioxidant status and its association with elevated depressive symptoms among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–6

Author:
May A. Beydoun; Hind A. Beydoun; Adel Boueiz; Monal R. Shroff; Alan B. Zonderman
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2013 v.109 no.9 pp. 1714-1729
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; adults; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; blood serum; dose response; esters; men; mental depression; patients; questionnaires; regression analysis; vitamin A; vitamin E; women; United States
Abstract:
... We examined the relationship of elevated depressive symptoms with antioxidant status. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–6 on US adults aged 20–85 years were analysed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire with a score cut-off point of 10 to define ‘elevated depressive symptoms’. Serum antioxidant status was measu ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114512003467
PubMed:
22935166
PubMed Central:
PMC3810278

33. Determination of Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Leaf

Author:
Dattatraya Naik; Chitra Dandge; Shobha Rupanar
Source:
Journal of essential oil-bearing plants 2014 v.17 no.2 pp. 228-236
ISSN:
0976-5026
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Tinospora cordifolia; aldehydes; alkanes; antioxidant activity; chemical composition; dose response; essential oils; esters; free radical scavengers; gas chromatography; hydroquinone; in vitro studies; leaves; mass spectrometry; palmitic acid; terpenoids; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... The work carried out on hitherto unknown chemical composition of essential oil isolated from leaf of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) and evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity is reported. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus was found to contain 27 volatile compounds by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Identification of 25 constituents comprising 98.1 % of es ...
DOI:
10.1080/0972060X.2013.831568

34. Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

Author:
Ming Xiao; Dongbin Wei; Liping Li; Qi Liu; Huimin Zhao; Yuguo Du
Source:
Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014 v.26 pp. 2387-2396
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
acute toxicity; byproducts; catechol; chlorination; chlorine; disinfection; dose response; esters; ions; pH; phenol
Abstract:
... The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed. Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated cate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2014.03.001

35. Horizontoates A–C: New cholinesterase inhibitors from Cotoneaster horizontalis

Author:
Shafiullah Khan; Zhao Wang; Runguo Wang; Liqun Zhang
Source:
Phytochemistry letters 2014 v.10 pp. 204-208
ISSN:
1874-3900
Subject:
Cotoneaster horizontalis; acetylcholinesterase; benzoic acid; cholinesterase inhibitors; dose response; esters; inhibitory concentration 50; spectroscopy; sphingolipids
Abstract:
... Two new aromatic esters Horizontoate A (=4-(2-methylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid; 1) and B (=2-methylpentyl 4-methoxybenzoate; 2), along with one new sphingolipid C (=(Z)-N-((2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexadecan-2-yl)tridec-10-enamide; 3), were isolated from Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 showed signifi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytol.2014.09.007

36. Phytotoxicity of Major Constituents of the Volatile Oil from Leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.

Author:
Harminder Pal Singh; Shalinder Kaur; Sunil Mittal; Daizy R. Batish; Ravinder K. Kohli
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.63 no.9-10 pp. 663-666
ISSN:
0939-5075
Subject:
Artemisia scoparia; Avena sativa; Triticum aestivum; alcohols; chlorophyll; dose response; essential oils; esters; germination; ketones; leaves; limonene; myrcene; oils; p-cymene; phytotoxicity; seedling growth; sesquiterpenoids; weeds
Abstract:
... The phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. GC/GCMS analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds - aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. The three majo ...
DOI:
10.1515/znc-2008-9-1009

37. Development of a sensitive in vitro assay to quantify the biological activity of pro-inflammatory phorbol esters in Jatropha oil

Author:
Guillaume Pelletier; Bhaja K. Padhi; Jalal Hawari; Geoffrey I. Sunahara; Raymond Poon
Source:
In vitro cellular & developmental biology 2015 v.51 no.6 pp. 644-650
ISSN:
1071-2690
Subject:
Jatropha; bioassays; biodiesel; direct contact; dogs; dose response; esters; feedstocks; gene expression regulation; genes; in vitro studies; kidneys; mixtures; oils; prostaglandin synthase; protein kinase C; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; toxicity; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... New health safety concerns may arise from the increasing production and use of Jatropha oil, a biodiesel feedstock that also contains toxic, pro-inflammatory, and co-carcinogenic phorbol esters. Based on the exceptional sensitivity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to the model phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a robust bioassay was developed to quantify the biologi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11626-014-9861-z

38. A broadly tuned odorant receptor in neurons of trichoid sensilla in locust, Locusta migratoria

Author:
Yinwei You; Dean P. Smith; Mingyue Lv; Long Zhang
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2016 v.79 pp. 66-72
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
Drosophila; Locusta migratoria; control methods; dose response; esters; heterocyclic compounds; in situ hybridization; ketones; locusts; neurons; odor compounds; odorant receptors; semiochemicals; sensilla; sequence analysis; transgenes
Abstract:
... Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. Odorant receptors (ORs) on the membrane of chemosensory neurons are believed to be key molecules in sensing exogenous chemical cues. ORs in different species of insects are diverse and should tune a species to its own specific semiochemicals relevant to their survival. The orthopteran insect, locust ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.10.008
PubMed:
27815144
PubMed Central:
PMC5697761

39. Estrogenicity and androgenicity screening of PCB sulfate monoesters in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Author:
Susanne Flor; Xianran He; Hans-Joachim Lehmler; Gabriele Ludewig
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2016 v.23 no.3 pp. 2186-2200
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
breast neoplasms; cytotoxicity; dose response; esters; estrogenic properties; humans; metabolism; metabolites; polychlorinated biphenyls; screening; structure-activity relationships; sulfates; sulfotransferases
Abstract:
... Recent studies identified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sulfate esters as a major product of PCB metabolism. Since hydroxy-PCBs (HO-PCBs), the immediate precursors of PCB sulfates and important contributors to PCB toxicity, were shown to have estrogenic activity, we investigated the estrogenicity/androgenicty of a series of PCB sulfate metabolites. We synthesized the five possible structural sulf ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-015-5142-y
PubMed:
26300354
PubMed Central:
PMC4718780

40. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies

Author:
Tahira Younis; Muhammad Rashid Khan; Moniba Sajid; Muhammad Majid; Zartash Zahra; Naseer Ali Shah
Source:
BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2016 v.16 no.1 pp. 230
ISSN:
1472-6882
Subject:
Fraxinus; acetic acid; air; alternative medicine; analgesic effect; anti-inflammatory activity; bone fractures; carrageenan; cell movement; chloroform; dose response; edema; esters; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hot plate test; in vitro studies; in vivo studies; inflammation; inhibitory concentration 50; interleukin-6; jaundice; leaves; leukocytes; malaria; methanol; models; nitric oxide; pain; phenols; pneumonia; rats; solvents; terpenoids; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Different parts of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Wall. (Oleaceae) are used traditionally in the treatment of internal wounds, bone fracture, pain, jaundice, malaria and in pneumonia. These ailments involve protective and essential mechanisms of the organism in response to infection, injury and trauma. However, prolonged inflammation may lead to inflammatory disorders. The present investigati ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12906-016-1189-7
PubMed:
27430329
PubMed Central:
PMC4949749

41. Tunable phosphatase-sensitive stable prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor fluorescence photodetection

Author:
Andrej Babič; Viktorija Herceg; Imène Ateb; Eric Allémann; Norbert Lange
Source:
Journal of Controlled Release 2016 v.235 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
acute toxicity; aminolevulinic acid; chickens; chicks; dose response; embryo (animal); esters; fluorescence; humans; marketing; models; pharmacokinetics; photochemotherapy; protoporphyrin; resection
Abstract:
... 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been at the forefront of small molecule based fluorescence-guided tumor resection and photodynamic therapy. 5-ALA and two of its esters received marketing authorization but suffer from several major limitations, namely low stability and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Here, we present a new class of 5-ALA derivatives aiming at the stabilization of 5-ALA by incorpora ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.047

42. Intrinsic studies of Euphorbia antiquorum L. latex extracts against human bacterial pathogens and mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Author:
Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran; Sathishkumar Gnanasekar; Prabukumar Seetharaman; Muthukumar Krishnan; Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal
Source:
Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology 2017 v.10 pp. 75-82
ISSN:
1878-8181
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Culex quinquefasciatus; Euphorbia antiquorum; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; animal pathogens; bacteria; chloroform; dose response; endemic diseases; esters; ethers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; humans; infectious diseases; insect larvae; insect vectors; insecticidal properties; insecticides; ketones; larvicides; latex; methanol; mortality; phenols; proteins; researchers; secondary metabolites; squalene; terpenoids; toxicity
Abstract:
... At present scenario, due to the rapid outbreak of endemic diseases and developing resistance against infectious diseases drive the researchers to search for new natural insecticides from plant origins. Plant latex is a naturally abundant resource secreted by laticifer cells containing various groups of secondary metabolites having diverse biological activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bcab.2017.02.008

43. Pyrethrum-extract induced autophagy in insect cells: A new target?

Author:
Zhiping Xu; Miaoqing Lu; Mingjun Yang; Wenping Xu; Jufang Gao; Yang Zhang; Yun Yang; Liming Tao
Source:
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.137 pp. 21-26
ISSN:
0048-3575
Subject:
Western blotting; autophagy; dose response; esters; insecticidal properties; insecticides; insects; ion channels; neurons; protein synthesis; pyrethrins; staining; toxicity; transmission electron microscopes; vacuoles; viability
Abstract:
... Pyrethrum extract (PY) is a natural insecticide that is extensively used across the world, and its insecticidal activity is attributed to the presence of six active esters known as pyrethrins. PY targets the nervous systems of insects by delaying the closure of voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the nerve cells. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicity and detailed mechan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.003

44. Recent findings regarding calcium and phytase in poultry nutrition

Author:
M. Bedford; X. Rousseau
Source:
Animal production science 2017 v.57 no.11 pp. 2311-2316
ISSN:
1836-0939
Subject:
animal nutrition; antinutritional factors; birds; calcium; diet; digestibility; dose response; esters; hydrolysis; ingredients; inositols; insurance; issues and policy; phosphorus; phytases; phytic acid; poultry
Abstract:
... Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for poultry and even a mild deficiency can lead to significant welfare and performance issues. As a result, it is often fed at levels in excess of requirement, partly as an insurance policy and, to some degree, because of its relatively low cost compared with other feed ingredients. However, when diets meet but do not exceed the phosphorus (P) requirements of t ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN17349

45. Sinapic acid or its derivatives interfere with abscisic acid homeostasis during Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination

Author:
Baodi Bi; Jingliang Tang; Shuang Han; Jinggong Guo; Yuchen Miao
Source:
BMC plant biology 2017 v.17 no.1 pp. 99
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; abscisic acid; acid treatment; choline; dose response; esterases; esters; genes; high performance liquid chromatography; homeostasis; mass spectrometry; metabolism; mutants; seed germination; seedling growth; seeds; sinapic acid; trichomes; ultraviolet radiation; water stress
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Sinapic acid and its esters have broad functions in different stages of seed germination and plant development and are thought to play a role in protecting against ultraviolet irradiation. To better understand the interactions between sinapic acid esters and seed germination processes in response to various stresses, we analyzed the role of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12870-017-1048-9
PubMed:
28587634
PubMed Central:
PMC5461752

46. Application of stabilizer improves stability of nanosuspended branched-chain amino acids and anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells

Author:
Hyun Suk Kim; Hyung-Seok Yu; Jae Hoon Lee; Gyu Whan Lee; Seung Jun Choi; Pahn-Shick Chang; Hyun-Dong Paik
Source:
Food science and biotechnology 2018 v.27 no.2 pp. 451-459
ISSN:
1226-7708
Subject:
amino acids; anti-inflammatory activity; aqueous solutions; dose response; esters; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharides; nitric oxide; nitroprusside; phosphorylation; prostaglandin synthase; solubility; stabilizers; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... This study investigated the use of polyglyceryl esters (PGE) as stabilizer in improving stability and anti-inflammatory activity of nanosuspended branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs nanosuspended with stabilizer (BS) exhibited improved stability at concentration of 5% saturation level during storage as compared to BCAAs nanosuspended with aqueous solution (BA). Additionally, anti-inflammator ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10068-017-0253-5
PubMed:
30263769
PubMed Central:
PMC6049625

47. Chromium(VI) adsorption by Codium tomentosum: evidence for adsorption by porous media from sigmoidal dose–response curve

Author:
B. Anandaraj; S. Eswaramoorthi; T. P. Rajesh; J. Aravind; P. Suresh Babu
Source:
International journal of environmental science and technology 2018 v.15 no.12 pp. 2595-2606
ISSN:
1735-1472
Subject:
Codium; adsorbents; adsorption; biomass; cellulose; chromium; dose response; esters; hemicellulose; hydrolysis; kinetics; lignin; macroalgae; moieties; pH; porous media; sorption isotherms
Abstract:
... Adsorption of Cr(VI) using native and chemically modified marine green macroalgae Codium tomentosum biomass and its adsorption kinetics were studied under specific conditions. Maximum Cr(VI) removal occurred at pH 2 for both untreated and acid-treated biomass. However, base-treated biomass exhibited maximum adsorption at pH 6 due to the hydrolysis of methyl esters present in the cellulose, hemicel ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13762-017-1488-7

48. LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

Author:
Elke A. Trautwein; Mario A. Vermeer; Harry Hiemstra; Rouyanne T. Ras
Source:
Nutrients 2018 v.10 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
breakfast; dietary supplements; dose response; esters; foods; gender; liquids; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; men; meta-analysis; phytosterols; women
Abstract:
... The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterols/stanols (PSS) is summarized in several meta-analyses showing a dose-response relationship with intakes of 1.5 to 3 g/day lowering LDL-C by 7.5% to 12%. This review summarizes evidence for the impact of various factors potentially influencing the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of PSS. PSS are efficacious in all food formats and in food supplemen ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu10091262
PubMed:
30205492
PubMed Central:
PMC6163911

49. Morphological and Dose-Dependent Study on the Effect of Methyl, Hexyl, and Dodecyl Rosmarinate on Staphylococcus carnosus LTH1502: Use of the Weibull Model

Author:
Sarisa Suriyarak; Herbert Schmidt; Pierre Villeneuve; Jochen Weiss
Source:
Journal of food protection 2018 v.81 no.4 pp. 598-605
ISSN:
0362-028X
Subject:
Staphylococcus carnosus; Weibull statistics; antimicrobial properties; dose response; esters; mechanism of action; physicochemical properties; rosmarinic acid; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The mechanisms of three antimicrobial rosmarinates (methyl-RE1, hexyl-RE6, and dodecyl-RE12) were investigated against Staphylococcus carnosus LTH1502. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of treated cells to gain information on potential changes in the site of action of compounds. The survival data obtained from antimicrobial activity assays were fitted to a nonlinear ...
DOI:
10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-334

50. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract inhibits adipogenesis and lipase activity in vitro

Author:
Tanaporn Hengpratom; Gordon M. Lowe; Kanjana Thumanu; Siriporn Suknasang; Kanokwan Tiamyom; Griangsak Eumkeb
Source:
BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2018 v.18 no.1 pp. 177
ISSN:
1472-6882
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Oroxylum indicum; absorption; adipocytes; adipogenesis; alkaloids; alternative medicine; cell lines; dose response; enzyme activity; esters; flavonoids; glycogen; glycosides; nucleic acids; obesity; pods; principal component analysis; proteins; screening; steroids; tannins; toxicity; triacylglycerol lipase; viability; Thailand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (O. indicum) is found in Thailand. It has been used for the treatment of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an O. indicum extract (OIE) on the adipogenic and biomolecular change in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS: Initial studies examined the chemical components of OIE. The cell line 3T3-L1 was used to establish potential toxic effects of OIE ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12906-018-2244-3
PubMed:
29884167
PubMed Central:
PMC5994072