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1. Effect of oat hull fiber on human colonic function and serum lipids

Author:
Stephen, A.M.; Dahl, W.J.; Johns, D.M.; Englyst, H.N.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 1997 v.74 no.4 pp. 379-383
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
food composition; fermentation; starch; feces; cellulose; colon; weight; dietary fiber; blood lipids; men; blood serum; triacylglycerols; hulls; excretion; high density lipoprotein; experimental diets; oats; very low density lipoprotein; cholesterol; low density lipoprotein; pentoses
Abstract:
... Oat hull fiber is an insoluble source of dietary fiber, derived from the outermost layer of the oat grain. The effect of oat hull fiber on colonic function and serum lipids was investigated by conducting a controlled study on 10 healthy males, aged 20-37, who ate, for two three-week periods, a controlled low fiber diet (13.1 g of nonstarch polysaccharide [NSP]/day), and the same diet with 25 g of ...
DOI:
10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.4.379

2. The diet and ecology of Hawaii's extinct flightless waterfowl: evidence from coprolites

Author:
Helen F. James; David A. Burney
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1997 v.62 no.2 pp. 279-297
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
chemical composition; coevolution; diet; digestion; feces; fermentation; ferns and fern allies; geese; habitats; herbivores; hindgut; indigenous species; plant fibers; pollen; sediments; spores; texture; waterfowl; Maui
Abstract:
... At least five species of large flightless waterfowl have become extinct in the Hawaiian Islands in recent millennia. These birds are thought to have occupied the role of large herbivores in a wide range of terrestrial habitats. A collection of coprolites from one of the species (Thambetochen chauliodous) was obtained during excavations in Holocene cave sediments on the island of Maui. The chemical ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01627.x

3. The nonfermentable dietary fiber lignin alters putative colon cancer risk factors but does not protect against DMH-induced colon cancer in rats

Author:
Cameron, I.L.; Hardman, W.E.; Heitman, D.W.
Source:
Nutrition and cancer 1997 v.28 no.2 pp. 170-176
ISSN:
0163-5581
Subject:
energy intake; dietary supplements; small intestine; carcinogenesis; fermentation; cecum; incidence; environmental exposure; colon; weight; dietary fiber; body weight; adenocarcinoma; risk factors; feces composition; rats; lignin; excretion; experimental diets; digesta; animal models; pH; 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; bile acids
Abstract:
... The effect of supplementation of the diet with auto hydrolyzed lignin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis was studied using 112 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats received eight weekly injections of DMH (9.5 mg/kg sc) or the saline vehicle solution and then were maintained on a basal AIN-76 fiber-free diet or the basal fiber-free diet plus 5% or 10% (wt/wt) lignin for 24 weeks. ...
DOI:
10.1080/01635589709514571
PubMed:
9290124

4. Fermentation of soybean meal with Aspergillus usamii reduces phosphorus excretion in chicks

Author:
Hirabayashi, M.; Matsui, T.; Yano, H.; Nakajima, T.
Source:
Poultry science 1998 v.77 no.4 pp. 552-556
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
chicks; soybean meal; Aspergillus; phytic acid; phosphorus; fermentation; liveweight gain; femur; specific gravity; feed intake; calcium; feces; magnesium; excretion; mineral metabolism; nutrient retention
Abstract:
... Fermentation with Aspergillus usamii almost completely degrades phytate phosphorus in soybean meal. Phosphorus excretion was investigated in chicks fed a fermented soybean meal-based diet. Thirty chicks were fed one of three experimental diets; a control soybean meal-based diet (total phosphorus, 5.2 g/kg; nonphytate phosphorus, 2.3 g/kg), a control soybean meal-based diet with added inorganic pho ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/77.4.552
PubMed:
9565238

5. The effects of dietary supplementation with Yucca schidigera extract of fractions thereof on nitrogen metabolism and gastrointestinal fermentation processes in the rat

Author:
Killeen, G.F.; Connolly, C.R.; Walsh, G.A.; Duffy, C.F.; Headon, D.R.; Power, R.F.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 1998 v.76 no.1 pp. 91-99
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
Yucca schidigera; plant extracts; feed supplements; nitrogen metabolism; blood chemistry; blood serum; urea; ammonia; urine; feces; acetic acid; propionic acid; indoles; intestines; urease; fermentation; rats; sapogenins; intestinal microorganisms; butyric acid; Bacillus (bacteria); Sporosarcina pasteurii
Abstract:
... Yucca schidigera was fractionated with butan-1-ol, yielding a butanol-extractable (BE) fraction, containing all the in vitro antimicrobial activity, and the aqueous, non-butanol-extractable (NBE) fraction. Four groups of five female rats (12 weeks old) were allowed ad libitum access to diets supplemented with water (control) or 200 mg kg-1 total Y schidigera (TOT) or its fraction equivalant of NBE ...
DOI:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199801)76:1<91::AID-JSFA926>3.0.CO;2-H

6. A computer-controlled system to simulate conditions of the large intestine with peristaltic mixing, water absorption and absorption of fermentation products

Author:
Minekus, M.; Smeets-Peeters, M.; Bernalier, A.; Marol-Bonnin, S.; Havenaar, R.; Marteau, P.; Alric, M.; Fonty, G.; Huis in't Veld, J.H.J.
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 1999 v.53 no.1 pp. 108-114
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Bifidobacterium; Clostridium; Enterobacteriaceae; Lactobacillus; absorption; acetic acid; butyric acid; colon; dialysis; dry matter content; feces; fermentation; fermenters; fructooligosaccharides; lactitol; lactulose; metabolites; microorganisms; mixing; pectins; plate count; propionic acid; small intestine; stomach
Abstract:
... This paper introduces a new type of system to simulate conditions in the large intestine. This system combines removal of metabolites and water with peristaltic mixing to obtain and handle physiological concentrations of microorganisms, dry matter and microbial metabolites. The system has been designed to be complementary to the dynamic multi-compartmental system that simulates conditions in the s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s002530051622
PubMed:
10645630

7. Integration of ileum cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation to quantify the effect of diet composition on the amount of short-chain fatty acids available from fermentation in the large intestine

Author:
Christensen, D.N.; Knudsen, K.E.B.; Wolstrup, J.; Jensen, B.B.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 1999 v.79 no.5 pp. 755-762
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
swine; animal models; fermentation; digesta; short chain fatty acids; lipogenesis; ileum; oat bran; wheat bran; fiber content; wheat flour; colon; intestinal microorganisms; polysaccharides; feces; digestion
Abstract:
... Using cannulated pigs and a standardised in vitro fermentation system the effect of diet and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the amount of energy available from microbial fermentation in the large intestine could be predicted. The available energy was calculated from the amounts of shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) produced. Three diets were investigated: a low fibre diet based essentially on whea ...
DOI:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199904)79:5<755::AID-JSFA248>3.0.CO;2-2

8. Plant residue and bacteria as bases for increased stool weight accompanying consumption of higher dietary fiber diets

Author:
Kurasawa, S.; Haack, V.S.; Marlett, J.A.
Source:
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2000 v.19 no.4 pp. 426-433
ISSN:
0731-5724
Subject:
weight; foods; men; fermentation; nitrogen content; dietary fiber; amino sugars; feces composition; bacteria
Abstract:
... Objective: Stool diluting effects of relatively inert material, such as unfermentable dietary fiber, has been proposed as an effect of fiber beneficial to the colon. Stool dilution by increasing bacterial mass may be beneficial or deleterious, depending on bacterial metabolic products. The purpose of this study was to determine the basis for stool weight when two stepwise increases of fiber from a ...
DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2000.10718942
PubMed:
10963460

9. Accumulation and consumption of odorous compounds in feedlot soils under aerobic, fermentative, and anaerobic respiratory conditions

Author:
Miller, D.N.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2001 v.79 no.10 pp. 2503-2512
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
beef cattle; feedlots; soil; odors; aerobic conditions; anaerobic conditions; fermentation; volatile fatty acids; soil microorganisms; feces; aromatic compounds; nitrates; manganese; cations; sulfates; oxygen; acetic acid; electron transfer; Nebraska
Abstract:
... Agricultural odors present an increasingly difficult challenge to livestock producers, yet very little information is available on the microbiology of odor production or microbial factors that regulate the emission of odors. This study examined the microbial potential for odor production and odor consumption in two soils from a cattle production facility in central Nebraska. The two soils tested w ...
Handle:
10113/8191
PubMed:
11721828

10. Bifidobacteria are obligate inhabitants of the crop of adult laying hens

Author:
Petr, J.; Rada, V.
Source:
Zoonoses and public health 2001 v.48 no.3 pp. 227-233
ISSN:
0931-1793
Subject:
fermentation; quantitative analysis; glucose; Bifidobacterium; strain differences; microorganisms; feces composition; fructose; hens
DOI:
10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00447.x
PubMed:
11393819

11. Comparison of fermentation of selected fructooligosaccharides and other fiber substrates by canine colonic microflora

Author:
Vickers, R.J.; Sunvold, G.D.; Kelley, R.L.; Reinhart, G.A.
Source:
American journal of veterinary research 2001 v.62 no.4 pp. 609-615
ISSN:
0002-9645
Subject:
dogs; oligosaccharides; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; colon; feces; short chain fatty acids; dietary fiber
DOI:
10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.609
PubMed:
11327473

12. Effects of dietary arabinogalactan on gastrointestinal and blood parameters in healthy human subjects

Author:
Robinson, R.R.; Feirtag, J.; Slavin, J.L.
Source:
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2001 v.20 no.4 pp. 279-285
ISSN:
0731-5724
Subject:
digestion; short chain fatty acids; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; apolipoproteins; women; glucose; digestive tract; weight; dietary fiber; galactans; men; blood lipids; blood glucose; triacylglycerols; insulin; hydrolysis; feces composition; enzyme activity; high density lipoprotein; dosage; cholesterol; low density lipoprotein; pH
Abstract:
... Objectives: Arabinogalactan (AG) is a non-digestible soluble dietary fiber that resists hydrolytic enzyme action and enters the large bowel intact where it is fermented by resident microflora. To determine whether AG has similar physiological properties to other soluble dietary fibers, we examined the effect of 15 and 30 g per day of a commercially available AG from Western Larch on several gastro ...
DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2001.10719048
PubMed:
11506055

13. Effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides on bowel functions and indicators of nutritional status in constipated elderly men

Author:
Chen, H.L.; Lu, Y.H.; Lin, J.J.; Ko, L.Y.
Source:
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2001 v.20 no.1 pp. 44-49
ISSN:
0731-5724
Subject:
nutrient intake; weight; elderly; fermentation; isomaltose; men; nutritional status; blood chemistry; constipation; short chain fatty acids; water content; digestive tract; pH; feces composition; bacteria
Abstract:
... Objectives: To evaluate effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IO) on the bowel function and nutritional status of elderly men. Methods: Seven older male subjects participated in this study that consisted of a 30-day control low fiber period followed by a 30-day 10-supplemented (10 g active components) experimental period. Bowel functions such as defecation, enema use and bloating were monitored da ...
DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2001.10719013
PubMed:
11294172

14. Degradation and physicochemical changes of barley and pea fibre along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Author:
Canibe, N.; Bach Knudsen, K.E.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2002 v.82 no.1 pp. 27-39
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
swine; barley; peas; hulls; cotyledons; degradation; digestion; particle size; digesta; ileum; cecum; feces; digestibility; water holding capacity; polysaccharides; fermentation; dietary fiber
Abstract:
... The degradation of barley and pea fibres along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs and its relation to changes in some of their physicochemical properties were investigated. Ileal and caecal digesta containing pea cotyledon fibre showed the highest (P<0.05) swelling (33.1-36.7 ml g(-1) DM) and water retention capacity measured by centrifugation (17.9-21.2 g g(-1) DM) and by osmotic pressure ( ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.985

15. Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon

Author:
Meylan, M.; Eicher, R.; Blum, J.W.; Steiner, A.
Source:
American journal of veterinary research 2002 v.63 no.6 pp. 857-867
ISSN:
0002-9645
Subject:
dairy cows; volatile fatty acids; fermentation; concentrates; muscles; starch; feces; digesta; pH; rumen fluids; colon
DOI:
10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.857
PubMed:
12061533

16. Fecal Inoculum Can Be Used to Determine the Rate and Extent of In Vitro Fermentation of Dietary Fiber Sources across Three Lemur Species That Differ in Dietary Profile: Varecia variegata, Eulemur fulvus and Hapalemur griseus

Author:
Campbell, J.L.; Williams, C.V.; Eisemann, J.H.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2002 v.132 no.10 pp. 3073-3080
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
interspecific variation; fatty acids; dietary fiber; acetates; Lemur; fermentation; beet pulp; pectins; soluble fiber; citrus pulp; insoluble fiber; cellulose; feces; Citrus; culture media; inoculum
Abstract:
... To estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, Eulemur fulvus, Hapalemur griseus and Varecia variegata. The substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (IF) to completely soluble fiber (SF), respectively. The lemurs consumed a nutritionally complete biscuit for ...
PubMed:
12368398

17. Fermentability of oat and wheat fractions enriched in beta-glucan using human fecal inoculation

Author:
Wood, P.J.; Arrigoni, E.; Miller, S.S.; Amado, R.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 2002 v.79 no.3 pp. 445-454
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
milling fractions; dietary fiber; fermentation; in vitro digestibility; wheat bran; gas production (biological); soluble fiber; insoluble fiber; feces; aleurone layer; human physiology; pH; short chain fatty acids; hydrogen; oat bran; human nutrition; beta-glucans; inoculum
DOI:
10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.3.445

18. Influence of beta-mannase on broiler performance, digestibility, and intestinal fermentation

Author:
Ouhida, I.; Perez, J.F.; Anguita, M.; Gasa, J.
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2002 v.11 no.3 pp. 244-249
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
dietary fat; digestion; digestibility; broiler chickens; fermentation; feces; liveweight gain; antinutritional factors; crude protein; organic production; ileum; feed intake; soybean meal; glycosidases; dietary protein; proteinases; mannans; metabolizable energy
DOI:
10.1093/japr/11.3.244

19. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from feces of newborn baby and from dongchimi

Author:
Park, Y.S.; Lee, J.Y.; Kim, Y.S.; Shin, D.H.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2002 v.50 no.9 pp. 2531-2536
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
lactic acid bacteria; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus fermentum; feces; neonates; mortality; acidity; oxygen; bile; cultured product starters; fermentation; fermented foods; vegetables
Abstract:
... Lactic acid bacteria were screened from feces of newborn baby and from dongchimi. Selection criteria employed included the ability of strains to withstand environmental conditions such as low pH, high bile concentration, and oxygen. The isolates were applied to the juice of various vegetables, and fermentabilities of isolates were compared. Strains F20-3, F35-3, and F35-6 showed high stability com ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf011174i
PubMed:
11958617

20. Nitrogen cycling in an ecological farming system of milk vetch culture-pig-raising-biogas fermentation-rice culture

Author:
Liu, J.R.; Berge, H.F.M. ten.; Zhang, M.L.; Wu, J.F.; Guo, C.Z.; Liu, W.D.
Source:
Plant production science 2002 v.5 no.1 pp. 65-70
ISSN:
1343-943X
Subject:
Astragalus sinicus; biogas; fermentation; Oryza sativa; biogeochemical cycles; alternative farming; nitrogen; stable isotopes; digestible protein; silage; feces; urine; crop yield; seeds
DOI:
10.1626/pps.5.65

21. Detection of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Cattle Feces Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction—Based Fluorogenic 5′ Nuclease (TaqMan®) Detection Assay after Secondary Enrichment

Author:
Richard D. Oberst; Michael P. Hays; Lalit K. Bohra; Randall K. Phebus; Jan M. Sargeant
Source:
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation v.15 no.6 pp. 543-552
ISSN:
1040-6387
Subject:
Escherichia coli O157; agar; cattle; cefixime; feces; fermentation; immunomagnetic separation; polymerase chain reaction; screening; sorbitol
Abstract:
... Currently, methods for recovering and identifying Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle feces are inconsistent and hindered by their inability to specifically and rapidly detect small numbers of organisms from this complex and highly variable matrix. A standard approach for isolating and characterizing E. coli O157:H7 from cattle feces was compared with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based 5′ nu ...
DOI:
10.1177/104063870301500606

22. Effect of Fermented Fruits on the Growth Performance, Shedding of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacilli in Post-weaning Pigs

Author:
Loh, T.C.; Foo, H.L.; Lee, K.L.; Lim, Y.Z.; Kufli, C.N.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
Enterobacteriaceae; Lactobacillus; antibiotics; average daily gain; body weight; diet; feces; fermentation; fruits; growth performance; piglets; rectum
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented fruits (FF) on the growth performance, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus counts in faeces of the post-weaning piglets. A total of twenty-four 4 weeks old LandracexLarge WhitexDuroc with initial body weight of 6 kg were used in this study. The piglets were housed individually in metabolic cage and randomly assigned to four groups w ...
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2003.1656

23. Effects of dietary fibre-rich juice colloids from apple pomace extraction juices on intestinal fermentation products and microbiota in rats

Author:
Sembries, Sabine; Dongowski, Gerhard; Jacobasch, Gisela; Mehrlander, Katri; Will, Frank; Dietrich, Helmut
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2003 v.90 no.3 pp. 607-615
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
Bacteroidaceae; Eubacterium rectale; acetates; apple pomace; apples; butyrates; cecum; colloids; dietary fiber; feces; fermentation; food consumption; food intake; intestinal microorganisms; juices; liquefaction; pH; propionic acid; rats; short chain fatty acids
Abstract:
... Effects of colloids isolated from apple pomace extraction juices (so-called B-juices) produced by enzymic liquefaction on food intake, body and faecal weights, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile and selected intestinal microbiota were investigated in rats. Ten male Wistar rats per group were fed diets without any apple dietary fibre (DF) (control) or supplement with 5 % B-juice colloids or an a ...
DOI:
10.1079/BJN2003925
PubMed:
13129467

24. Folate Derived from Cecal Bacterial Fermentation Does Not Increase Liver Folate Stores in 28-d Folate-Depleted Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Author:
Sepehr, E.; Peace, R.W.; Storey, K.B.; Jee, P.; Lampi, B.J.; Brooks, S.P.J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1347-1354
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
antibiotics; corn; dietary fiber; excretion; experimental diets; fatty acid composition; feces; fermentation; folic acid; intestinal absorption; intestinal microorganisms; inulin; liver; muramic acid; oat bran; rats; repletion; volatile fatty acids; weanlings; wheat bran; wheat germ
Abstract:
... This study assessed the ability of rats to absorb and store the folate synthesized by cecal bacteria. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were folate depleted by feeding a low folacin AIN93G formulated basal diet for 28 d; they were then fed repletion diets containing folate (0.25-1.0 mg/kg diet), dietary fiber (DF; wheat bran, oat bran, ground corn, wheat germ) or undigested and fermented dietary m ...
PubMed:
12730421

25. Metabolism of the soyabean isoflavone glycoside genistin in vitro by human gut bacteria and the effect of prebiotics

Author:
Steer, Toni E.; Johnson, Ian T.; Gee, Jennifer M.; Gibson, Glenn R.
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2003 v.90 no.3 pp. 635-642
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
Bacteroides; Bifidobacterium; Clostridium; Lactobacillus; bacteria; culture media; digestive system; feces; fermentation; fructooligosaccharides; genistein; genistin; glucose; glycosides; high performance liquid chromatography; intestinal microorganisms; models; prebiotics; soybeans; volunteers; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... The isoflavone genistein is found predominantly in soyabeans and is thought to possess various potent biological properties, including anti-carcinogenic effects. Studies have shown that genistein is extensively degraded by the human gut microflora, presumably with a loss of its anti-carcinogenic action. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a prebiotic to divert bacteria ...
DOI:
10.1079/BJN2003949

26. Starch fermentation by faecal bacteria of infants, toddlers and adults: importance for energy salvage

Author:
Christian, M.T.; Edwards, C.A.; Preston, T.; Johnston, L.; Varley, R.; Weaver, L.T.
Source:
European journal of clinical nutrition 2003 v.57 no.11 pp. 1486-1491
ISSN:
0954-3007
Subject:
adults; bacteria; bottles; carbon dioxide; children; colon; corn starch; energy; feces; fermentation; headspace analysis; infants; lactic acid; methane; short chain fatty acids; slurries; starch; toddlers
Abstract:
... Objective: Little is known of the degree to which the colon salvages energy through starch fermentation in young children. Using a simulated colonic environment, we aimed to account for the fate of fermented raw and cooked starch in two groups of young children and in adults. Design: A slurry was prepared from faecal samples from six infants (7-10 months), six toddlers (16-21 months) and seven adu ...
DOI:
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601715

27. Differences in microbial activity of digesta from three sections of the porcine large intestine according to in vitro fermentation of carbohydrate-rich substrates

Author:
Bauer, E.; Williams, B.A.; Bosch, M.W.; Voigt, C.; Mosenthin, R.; Verstegen, M.W.A.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2004 v.84 no.15 pp. 2097-2104
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; volatile fatty acids; ammonia; wheat bran; gas production (biological); cecum; colon; potato starch; oats; feces; fructooligosaccharides; rectum; in vitro studies; bacteria; swine
Abstract:
... To determine whether faecal microorganisms can represent the entire large intestinal population, samples from caecum, mid-colon and rectum of three adult pigs were used for the in vitro fermentation of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), potato starch, wheat bran and oat hulls. The cumulative gas production technique measured fermentation kinetics and end-products such as total gas, NH3 and volatile fat ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.1845

28. Identification of common subpopulations of non-sorbitol-fermenting, beta-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 from bovine production environments and human clinical samples

Author:
Yang, Z.; Kovar, J.; Kim, J.; Nietfeldt, J.; Smith, D.R.; Moxley, R.A.; Olson, M.E.; Fey, P.D.; Benson, A.K.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2004 v.70 no.11 pp. 6846-6854
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
fermentation; alleles; genetic polymorphism; feedlots; polymerase chain reaction; sorbitol; beef cattle; feces; genotype; Escherichia coli O157; strains; Escherichia infections; beta-glucuronidase; genetic markers
Abstract:
... Non-sorbitol-fermenting, beta-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyp ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.70.11.6846-6854.2004
PubMed:
15528552
PubMed Central:
PMC525184

29. Reducing Effect of Ingesting Tannic Acid on the Absorption of Iron, but Not of Zinc, Copper and Manganese by Rats

Author:
Kaosar AFSANA; Kazuki SHIGA; Satoshi ISHIZUKA; Hiroshi HARA
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 2004 v.68 no.3 pp. 584-592
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
absorption; acclimation; anemia; biotechnology; blood serum; copper; eating habits; feces; fermentation; hematocrit; hemoglobin; iron; liver; males; manganese; pH; polyphenols; short chain fatty acids; tannins; transferrin; zinc
Abstract:
... Interest in the beneficial effects of polyphenols, including tannic acid (TA), is increasing, although, these compounds also have adverse effects; for example, on the absorption of iron (Fe), and possibly other trace minerals. We examined the effect of a graded dose of TA on the absorption of Fe and compared with that of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in rats. We also investigated the e ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.68.584

30. Resistant starch derived from processed legumes: in vitro and in vivo fermentation characteristics

Author:
S. Mahadevamma; T. R. Shamala; R. N. Tharanathan
Source:
International journal of food sciences and nutrition 2004 v.55 no.5 pp. 399-405
ISSN:
1465-3478
Subject:
in vivo studies; food intake; in vitro digestion; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; vegetarian diet; anaerobes; pigeon peas; black gram; health promotion; plate count; feces; digestion; short chain fatty acids; processed foods; intestines; resistant starch
Abstract:
... The effect of processing of legumes on resistant starch formation, its rate of fermentation and the production of short chain fatty acids under in vitro and in vivo systems was assessed. The content of resistant starch in pressure-cooked Bengal gram, black gram and red gram was 3.59%, 1.58% and 3.34%, respectively. Fermentation in vitro of resistant starch derived from processed red gram showed hi ...
DOI:
10.1080/09637480400002891
PubMed:
15545048

31. Effect of finishing diets on Escherichia coli populations and prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli virulence genes in cattle faeces

Author:
Gilbert, R.A.; Tomkins, N.; Padmanabha, J.; Gough, J.M.; Krause, D.O.; McSweeney, C.S.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2005 v.99 no.4 pp. 885-894
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
heifers; fermentation; feeds; cattle feeding; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; animal pathogenic bacteria; feces; finishing; virulence
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02670.x
PubMed:
16162240

32. Fermentation of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulin by Bifidobacteria: a Comparative Study of Pure and Fecal Cultures

Author:
Rossi, Maddalena; Corradini, Claudio; Amaretti, Alberto; Nicolini, Marcello; Pompei, Anna; Zanoni, Simona; Matteuzzi, Diego
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2005 v.71 no.10 pp. 6150-6158
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
carbohydrate metabolism; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; acetic acid; humans; Bifidobacterium; feces; fructooligosaccharides; short chain fatty acids; lipogenesis; inulin; lactic acid
Abstract:
... The utilization of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin by 55 Bifidobacterium strains was investigated. Whereas FOS were fermented by most strains, only eight grew when inulin was used as the carbon source. Residual carbohydrates were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection after batch fermentation. A strain-dependent capability to degrade f ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.71.10.6150-6158.2005
PubMed:
16204533
PubMed Central:
PMC1265942

33. Fermented Phaseolus vulgaris: acceptability and intestinal effects

Author:
Marisela Granito; Catherine Michel; Juana Frías; Martine Champ; Marisa Guerra
Source:
European food research & technology 2005 v.220 no.2 pp. 182-186
ISSN:
1438-2377
Subject:
dry beans; defecation; Phaseolus vulgaris; nutritive value; fermentation; food acceptability; fermented foods; digestibility; flatulence; soluble fiber; starch; galactosides; feces; sensory properties; nausea; palatability
Abstract:
... Dry beans such as Phaseolus vulgaris are an important source of nutrients, especially in developing countries. However, their consumption is limited by the flatulence problem, which occurs in the gut after their ingestion, owing to the presence of highly fermentable compounds, such as α-galactosides, soluble dietary fibre, and resistant starch. It has been shown that natural fermentation reduces t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00217-004-0982-6

34. In Vitro Determination of Prebiotic Properties of Oligosaccharides Derived from an Orange Juice Manufacturing By-Product Stream

Author:
Manderson, K.; Pinart, M.; Tuohy, K. M.; Grace, W. E.; Hotchkiss, A. T.; Widmer, W.; Yadhav, M. P.; Gibson, G. R.; Rastall, R. A.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2005 v.71 no.12 pp. 8383-8389
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
food processing wastes; beverage industry; orange peels; oligosaccharides; glucose; pectins; prebiotics; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; Eubacterium rectale; lipid metabolism; short chain fatty acids; feces
Abstract:
... Fermentation properties of oligosaccharides derived from orange peel pectin were assessed in mixed fecal bacterial culture. The orange peel oligosaccharide fraction contained glucose in addition to rhamnogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan pectic oligosaccharides. Twenty-four-hour, temperature- and pH-controlled, stirred anaerobic fecal batch cultures were used to determine the effects that oligosac ...
Handle:
10113/19974
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.71.12.8383-8389.2005
PubMed:
16332825
PubMed Central:
PMC1317361

35. Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Refstie, S.; Sahlstrom, S.; Brathen, E.; Baeverfjord, G.; Krogedal, P.
Source:
Aquaculture 2005 v.246 no.1-4 pp. 331-345
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
feeds; animal morphology; raffinose; polysaccharides; digestibility; fish feeding; lactic acid; Salmo salar; fermentation; dry matter content; feces; antinutritional factors; intestines; salmon; blood plasma; feed conversion; sucrose; anadromous fish; soybean meal; fish culture; chlorides; indigestion
Abstract:
... This study investigated how lactic acid fermentation of extracted (de-oiled) soybean white flakes (WF) affected the nutritional value of the WF when fed to Atlantic salmon. WF and fermented WF (FWF) were compared with a commercial extracted (SBM) and a commercial biotechnologically processed (BPSBM) soybean meal. Lactic acid fermentation eliminated sucrose, reduced the level of raffinose, and lowe ...

36. Reduction of odor gases from waste using plant-derived oils

Author:
Varel, V.H.
Source:
United States Department of Agriculture patents 2005 no.US 6,902,726 B1 pp. -
Subject:
thymol; carvacrol; eugenol; antibacterial properties; anaerobes; coliform bacteria; volatile fatty acids; biosynthesis; fermentation; odor control; odor emissions; animal manures; feces; patents; USDA; United States
Abstract:
... Plant-derived oils, carvacrol and thymol, when added to human or animal waste reduce the production of gas and short-chain volatile fatty acids, and the viability of total anaerobic bacteria and fecal coliforms. In an embodiment, carvacrol or thymol are combined with eugenol. ...
Handle:
10113/6392

37. Amelioration in Growth and Phosphorus Assimilation of Poultry Birds Using Cell-Bound Phytase of Pichia Anomala

Author:
Vohra, Ashima; Rastogi, S.K.; Satyanarayana, T.
Source:
World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2006 v.22 no.6 pp. 553-558
ISSN:
0959-3993
Subject:
Wickerhamomyces anomalus; biomass production; broiler chickens; chicks; containers; diet; excretion; feces; feed conversion; fermentation; fermenters; phosphorus; phytases; pollution; weight gain
Abstract:
... Cell-bound phytase of Pichia anomala was produced in glucose-beef extract medium in shake flasks and in a laboratory fermenter at 25 °C for 24 h at 250 rev/min. In the fermenter the biomass production increased and the fermentation time was reduced from 24 to 16 h. Two-week-old broiler chicks were fed with the biomass-supplemented feed [at 100 g/7.5 kg; 50-phytase units/bird/day]. The overall weig ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11274-005-9070-8

38. Comparison of Rabbit Caecal Content and Rabbit Hard Faeces as Source of Inoculum for the In vitro Gas Production Technique

Author:
Bovera, F.; D'Urso, S.; Di Meo, C.; Piccolo, G.; Calabro, S.; Nizza, A.
ISSN:
1976-5517
Subject:
gas production (biological); rabbits; cecum; feces; inoculum; hindgut; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; feeds; in vitro digestion
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2006.1649

39. Difference in in vitro fermentability of four carbohydrates and two diets, using ileal and faecal inocula from unweaned piglets

Author:
Awati, A.; Bosch, M.W.; Tagliapietra, F.; Williams, B.A.; Verstegen, M.W.A.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2006 v.86 no.4 pp. 573-582
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
ammonia; piglet feeding; feeds; organic matter; dietary carbohydrate; gel electrophoresis; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; volatile fatty acids; feces; ileum; polymerase chain reaction; weaning; species diversity; microbial activity; in vitro digestibility; food animals; gas production (biological); probiotics; kinetics; piglets
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted to examine differences in the in vitro fermentability of four carbohydrate-rich feed ingredients and two weaning piglet diets with and without these ingredients, using both the ileal contents and the faeces of unweaned piglets as inocula. In the first part of the experiment, cumulative gas production was measured over time, using faecal inocula mixed from nine specially ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.2387

40. Effect of dry heated inulin on selected intestinal bacteria

Author:
A. Böhm; B. Kleessen; T. Henle
Source:
European food research & technology 2006 v.222 no.5-6 pp. 737-740
ISSN:
1438-2377
Subject:
intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; enteropathogens; Enterobacteriaceae; Clostridium histolyticum; molecular weight; chemical degradation; Bifidobacterium; feces; prebiotics; Clostridium lituseburense; heat treatment; inulin; Jerusalem artichokes
Abstract:
... Degradation of a sample of high-molecular (degree of polymerisation, DP, between 13 and 30) and low-molecular (DP below 12) inulin from Jerusalem artichoke during dry heating for 30 min at 165 and 195 °C was analysed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and thin layer chromatography. Dry heating at 195 °C induced complete degradation o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00217-005-0184-x

41. Effect of inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet on fermentation end-product profile in feces of weanling piglets

Author:
Awati, A.; Williams, B.A.; Bosch, M.W.; Gerrits, W.J.J.; Verstegen, M.W.A.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2006 v.84 no.8 pp. 2133-2140
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
piglets; dietary carbohydrate; digestion; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; feces; feed rations; digesta; swine feeding; volatile fatty acids; dry matter content; ammonia; fatty acid composition; feed intake; feed deprivation
Abstract:
... An in vivo experiment was conducted to monitor the changes in fermentation end products in the feces of weaning piglets due to the inclusion of selected fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. The experiment involved 3 groups of 16 piglets each. Specially raised piglets (neither antibiotics nor creep feeding) were weaned abruptly at 4 wk of age. The piglets were offered 1 of 2 dietary treatments [a ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2004-676
PubMed:
16864874

42. In vitro fermentation of different ratios of high-temperature dried lucerne and sugar beet pulp incubated with an equine faecal inoculum

Author:
Murray, J.A.M.D.; Longland, A.; Moore-Colyer, M.
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2006 v.129 no.1-2 pp. 89-98
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
gas production (biological); horses; digestion; in vitro studies; feces; intestinal microorganisms; alfalfa; beet pulp; plant byproducts; fermentation; mathematical models; feed rations; energy balance; kinetics; physical models
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.001

43. Lactobacillus gasseri LF221 and K7 — from isolation to application

Author:
Irena Rogelj; Bojana Bogovič Matijašić
Source:
Biologia 2006 v.61 no.6 pp. 761-769
ISSN:
1336-9563
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus gasseri; adhesion; agar; bacteriocins; cell viability; cheesemaking; competitive exclusion; cultured cells; duodenum; enterocytes; feces; fermentation; humans; ileum; immune response; in vivo studies; jejunum; models; organic acids and salts; piglets; polymerase chain reaction; probiotics; ribosomal RNA; rifampicin; survival rate
Abstract:
... The article presents research findings on two human strains with probiotic activity. On the basis of API 50 CHL fermentation pattern, PCR by species-specific primers and sequencing of the V2–V3 region of 16S rRNA both strains designated as LF221 and K7 were identified as members of the Lactobacillus gasseri species. Two LF221 bacteriocins, acidocin LF221 A and B were purified and sequenced. They w ...
DOI:
10.2478/s11756-006-0154-1

44. Nutrient digestibility, faecal physicochemical characteristics and bacterial glycolytic activity of growing pigs fed a diet supplemented with oligofructose or trans-galactooligosaccharides

Author:
Mountzouris, K.C.; Xypoleas, I.; Kouseris, I.; Fegeros, K.
Source:
Livestock science 2006 v.105 no.1-3 pp. 168-175
ISSN:
1878-0490
Subject:
swine feeding; galactooligosaccharides; prebiotics; digestibility; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; volatile fatty acids; galactosidases; biomarkers; glucosidases; feces; liveweight gain; glycolysis; enzyme activity; swine; animal growth; nutritive value; physicochemical properties; beta-glucuronidase
DOI:
10.1016/j.livsci.2006.06.003

45. Physiological Effects of Extraction Juices from Apple, Grape, and Red Beet Pomaces in Rats

Author:
Sembries, S.; Dongowski, G.; Mehrlander, K.; Will, F.; Dietrich, H.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2006 v.54 no.26 pp. 10269-10280
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
urine; short chain fatty acids; oral administration; beets; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; juices; Bifidobacterium; feces; intestines; extraction; Lactobacillus; rats; excretion; apple pomace; acetic acid; grape pomace; food processing; cholesterol; bile acids
Abstract:
... In comparison to classical fruit juice processing, polyphenols and dietary fiber can be extracted from pomace by means of pectinases and cellulases. In the present study, rats were fed with such produced extraction juices from apples, grapes, and red beets as drinking fluids instead of water for 4 weeks to evaluate their physiological effects. In all test groups, the intake of extraction juices wa ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf0618168

46. The effect of current grain feeding practices on hindgut starch fermentation and acidosis in the Australian racing Thoroughbred

Author:
Richards, N.; Hinch, G.; Rowe, J.
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2006 v.84 no.11 pp. 402-407
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
racehorses; Thoroughbred; animal feeding; feed grains; feed rations; hindgut; starch; fermentation; feed concentrates; feces; acidosis; adverse effects; digestive physiology; digestive tract; digestibility
DOI:
10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00059.x
PubMed:
17092327

47. The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets

Author:
Bikker, P.; Dirkzwager, A.; Fledderus, J.; Trevisi, P.; le Huërou-Luron, I.; Lallès, J.P.; Awati, A.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2006 v.84 no.12 pp. 3337-3345
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
ammonia; swine feeding; dietary carbohydrate; intestinal mucosa; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; volatile fatty acids; weanlings; feces; liveweight gain; crude protein; jejunum; colon; ileum; feed conversion; weaning; feed intake; swine; animal growth; dietary protein; nutrient availability; digesta
Abstract:
... Reducing the CP content and increasing the fermentable carbohydrates (FC) content of the diet may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets fed high-CP diets. To study the synergistic effects of CP and FC on gut health and its consequences for growth performance, 272 newly weaned piglets (26 d of age, 8.7 kg of BW) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-076
PubMed:
17093226

48. Adaptive capacity of faecal microbiota from piglets receiving diets with different types of inulin-type fructans

Author:
Pellikaan, W.F.; Verdonk, J.M.A.J.; Shim, S.B.; Verstegen, M.W.A.
Source:
Livestock science 2007 v.108 no.1-3 pp. 178-181
ISSN:
1878-0490
Subject:
gas production (biological); piglets; feces; microbial ecology; inulin; feed supplements; piglet feeding; in vitro studies; microbial activity; corn starch; chicory; medicated feeds; antibiotics; volatile fatty acids; ammonia; fermentation; weaning
DOI:
10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.087

49. Association between butyrate and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in gut contents and faeces in weaning piglets

Author:
Lærke, H.N.; Hedemann, M.S.; Bach Knudsen, K.E.; Laurinen, P.; Lindberg, J.E.; Pedersen, C.
Source:
Livestock science 2007 v.108 no.1-3 pp. 163-166
ISSN:
1878-0490
Subject:
dietary fiber; fermentation; pectins; feces; hulls; butyric acid; digesta; digestive tract; piglets
DOI:
10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.041

50. Dietary fructan carbohydrate increases amine production in the equine large intestine: Implications for pasture-associated laminitis

Author:
Crawford, C.; Sepulveda, M.F.; Elliott, J.; Harris, P.A.; Bailey, S.R.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2007 v.85 no.11 pp. 2949-2958
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
temperature; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; blood chemistry; laminitis; cecum; tyramine; tryptamine; dietary carbohydrate; hay; feces; hooves; intestinal mucosa; pathogenesis; inulin; horses; lactic acid
Abstract:
... Pasture-induced laminitis in the horse is associated with the overconsumption of fermentable carbohydrate, in the form of simple sugars, fructans, or starch. The fermentation of carbohydrate in the cecum and large intestine results in the production of lactic acid and other toxins or "laminitis trigger factors." Vasoactive amines have been suggested as possible initiating factors. The aim of this ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-600
PubMed:
17591708

51. Differences in Microbial Activities of Faeces from Weaned and Unweaned Pigs in Relation to In vitro Fermentation of Different Sources of Inulin-type Oligofructose and Pig Feed Ingredients

Author:
Shim, S.B.; Verdonk, J.M.A.J.; Pellikaan, W.F.; Verstegen, M.W.A.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
swine; swine feeding; oligosaccharides; feces; fermentation; in vitro studies; microbial activity
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2007.1444

52. Dry-rolled or steam-flaked grain-based diets and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle

Author:
Fox, J.T.; Depenbusch, B.E.; Drouillard, J.S.; Nagaraja, T.G.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2007 v.85 no.5 pp. 1207-1212
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
feed grains; cattle diseases; flaking; fermentation; cattle feeding; feedlots; cattle; disease prevention; rolling; digestive physiology; feces; diet therapy; hindgut; feed processing; microbial colonization; pathogen survival; Escherichia coli O157; Escherichia infections; disease prevalence
Abstract:
... Hindgut is a major colonization site for Escherichia coli O157 in cattle. In this study, diets were formulated to effect changes in hindgut fermentation to test our hypothesis that changes in the hindgut ecosystem could have an impact on fecal shedding of E. coli O157. Feedlot heifers (n = 347) were prescreened for the prevalence of E. coli O157 by fecal and rectoanal mucosal swab cultures. A subs ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-079
PubMed:
17224458

53. Effect of inoculum and pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis on fibre fermentation measured by the gas production technique in pigs

Author:
Bindelle, J.; Buldgen, A.; Boudry, C.; Leterme, P.
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2007 v.132 no.1-2 pp. 111-122
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
gas production (biological); animal nutrition; swine; digestion; large intestine; dietary fiber; fermentation; in vitro studies; experimental design; inoculum; intestinal microorganisms; feces; enzyme substrates; pepsin; pancreatin; enzymatic hydrolysis; digesta; reaction kinetics; syringes
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.009

54. Effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculum in a Daisy II incubator

Author:
Lattimer, J.M.; Cooper, S.R.; Freeman, D.W.; Lalman, D.L.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2007 v.85 no.10 pp. 2484-2491
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
ammonia; organic matter; feed concentrates; lactic acid; fermentation; dry matter content; volatile fatty acids; feces; yeasts; plate count; animal feeding; accuracy; in vitro digestibility; acid detergent fiber; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; neutral detergent fiber; horses
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a closed system, fermentation apparatus (Daisy II incubator) and determine the effects of a yeast culture (YC) preparation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro microbial populations, diet digestion, and fermentation patterns in horses. In Exp. 1, 4 mature horses were fed a pelleted concentrate and alfalfa cubes in a 50:50 (%, as-fed) ratio. F ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-655
PubMed:
17526668

55. Evaluation of Peanut Flour Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Probiotic Food

Author:
N.-F. Wang; Y.-H. Shi; J. Sun; G.-W. Le
Source:
Food science and technology international 2007 v.13 no.6 pp. 469-475
ISSN:
1082-0132
Subject:
Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lactobacillus plantarum; animal models; feces; fermentation; fermented foods; gastric juice; hydrolysis; in vivo studies; lactic acid bacteria; mice; peanut flour; probiotics; protein content; proteins; starter cultures
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic value of peanut flour fermented with lactic acid bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Four strains including Lactobacillus delbrueckii LD09, Lactobacillus casei LC35, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA51, and Lactobacillus plantarum P9 were screened for their growth and survival in peanut flour. Among all the strains, L. plantarum P9 grew to the highest cell ...
DOI:
10.1177/1082013208088370

56. Evaluation of a two-stage in vitro technique for estimating digestibility of equine feeds using horse faeces as the source of microbial inoculum

Author:
Abdouli, H.; Ben Attia, S.
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2007 v.132 no.1-2 pp. 155-162
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
estimation; intestinal microorganisms; in vitro digestion; in vitro digestibility; fermentation; gas production (biological); forage evaluation; feces; enzymatic treatment; forage; pretreatment; feed concentrates; alpha-amylase; horses; inoculum; pepsin
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.005

57. Evaluation of fermentable oligosaccharides in diets fed to dogs in comparison to fiber standards

Author:
Middelbos, I.S.; Fastinger, N.D.; Fahey, G.C. Jr.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2007 v.85 no.11 pp. 3033-3044
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
beet pulp; butyric acid; digestibility; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; cell walls; cellulose; feces; crude protein; digestible protein; dietary fiber; dogs; yeasts; pet foods; pets; animal feeding; immune response; oligosaccharides; nutrient availability
Abstract:
... Blends of fermentable oligosaccharides in combination with nonfermentable fiber, cellulose, were evaluated for their ability to serve as dietary fibers in dog foods. Using a 6 x 6 Latin square design, 6 diets were evaluated that contained either no supplemental fiber, beet pulp, cellulose, or blends of cellulose, fructooligosaccharides, and yeast cell wall added at 2.5% of the diet. Six ileal-cann ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2007-0080
PubMed:
17686893

58. Fermentation of Resistant Starches: Influence of In Vitro Models on Colon Carcinogenesis

Author:
Fassler, C.; Gill, C.I.R.; Arrigoni, E.; Rowland, I.; Amado, R.
Source:
Nutrition and cancer 2007 v.58 no.1 pp. 85-92
ISSN:
0163-5581
Subject:
carcinogenesis; fermentation; disease models; genotoxicity; DNA damage; hydrogen peroxide; cytotoxicity; feces; digestion; digesta; intestinal mucosa; resistant starch; colorectal neoplasms; cell lines; chemical structure; in vitro studies
Abstract:
... Resistant starch type 2 (RS2) and type 3 (RS3) containing preparations were digested using a batch (a) and a dynamic in vitro model (b). Furthermore, in vivo obtained indigestible fractions from ileostomy patients were used (c). Subsequently these samples were fermented with human feces with a batch and a dynamic in vitro method. The fermentation supernatants were used to treat CACO2 cells. Cytoto ...
DOI:
10.1080/01635580701308232
PubMed:
17571971

59. Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum fecal isolates from newborns

Author:
Kheadr, E.; Dabour, N.; Von Ah, U.; Lacroix, C.; Meile, L.; Fliss, I.
Source:
Canadian journal of microbiology 2007 v.53 no.12 pp. 1348-1359
ISSN:
0008-4166
Subject:
Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum; phylogeny; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; microbial growth; strains; intestinal microorganisms; carbohydrate metabolism; breast feeding; fermentation; phenotype; restriction mapping; ribosomal DNA; feces; genotype; microbial genetics; infants; antibiotic resistance; probiotics; genetic variation
DOI:
10.1139/W07-101
PubMed:
18059567

60. High fat intake by ponies reduces both apparent digestibility of dietary cellulose and cellulose fermentation by faeces and isolated caecal and colonic contents

Author:
Jansen, W.L.; Cone, J.W.; Geelen, S.N.J.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M.; Gelder, A.H. van; Elferink, S.J.W.H. Oude; Beynen, A.C.
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2007 v.133 no.3-4 pp. 298-308
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
gas production (biological); animal nutrition; fat intake; horses; high fat diet; digestibility; cellulose; animal feeding; colon; dietary carbohydrate; fermentation; experimental diets; cecum; feces; digesta
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.05.002

61. In Vitro Fermentation by Human Fecal Microflora of Wheat Arabinoxylans

Author:
Hughes, S.A.; Shewry, P.R.; Li, L.; Gibson, G.R.; Sanz, M.L.; Rastall, R.A.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2007 v.55 no.11 pp. 4589-4595
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
functional foods; intestinal microorganisms; dietary fiber; in vitro digestion; in vitro digestibility; arabinoxylan; fermentation; chemical constituents of plants; biosynthesis; wheat; feces; short chain fatty acids; microbial growth; prebiotics; human nutrition; lactic acid
Abstract:
... The fermentation of three arabinoxylan (AX) fractions from wheat by the human fecal microflora was investigated in vitro. Three AX fractions, with average molecular masses of 354, 278, and 66 kDa, were incorporated into miniature-scale batch cultures (with inulin as a positive prebiotic control) with feces from three healthy donors, aged 23-29. Microflora changes were monitored by the culture-inde ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf070293g

62. In vitro gas formation and fermentation parameters using different substrates and pig faecal inocula affected by bile extract

Author:
Jezierny, D.; Steingaβ, H.; Drochner, W.
Source:
Livestock science 2007 v.109 no.1-3 pp. 145-148
ISSN:
1878-0490
Subject:
gas production (biological); in vitro digestion; methane; fermentation; animal nutrition; swine; bile; volatile fatty acids; nutrition physiology; feces; bioassays; intestinal microorganisms
DOI:
10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.127

63. Mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse

Author:
Clauss, M.; Castell, J.C.; Kienzle, E.; Schramel, P.; Dierenfeld, E.S.; Flach, E.J.; Behlert, O.; Streich, W.J.; Hummel, J.; Hatt, J-M.
Source:
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2007 v.91 no.5-6 pp. 193-204
ISSN:
0931-2439
Subject:
Diceros bicornis; absorption; calcium; captive animals; cations; copper; diet; ecology; feces; feeds; fermentation; fermenters; hindgut; horses; iron; magnesium; manganese; mineral content; potassium; sodium; tannins; zinc; zoos
Abstract:
... To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 f ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00692.x

64. Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis-Challenged Laying Hens Fed Alfalfa Crumbles. II. Fermentation and Microbial Ecology Response

Author:
Dunkley, K.D.; McReynolds, J.L.; Hume, M.E.; Dunkley, C.S.; Callaway, T.R.; Kubena, L.F.; Nisbet, D.J.; Ricke, S.C.
Source:
Poultry science 2007 v.86 no.10 pp. 2101-2109
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
temporal variation; induced molting; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; ribosomal RNA; laying hens; Salmonella Enteritidis; cecum; feed deprivation; feces; short chain fatty acids; alfalfa meal; digesta; digestion; hen feeding
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. Fifteen Salmonella-free Single Comb Leghorn hens (>50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbl ...
Handle:
10113/8793
DOI:
10.1093/ps/86.10.2101
PubMed:
17878438

65. Pinto Bean Consumption Changes SCFA Profiles in Fecal Fermentations, Bacterial Populations of the Lower Bowel, and Lipid Profiles in Blood of Humans

Author:
Finley, John W.; Burrell, James B.; Reeves, Philip G.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2007 v.137 no.11 pp. 2391-2398
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
propionic acid; cholesteremic effect; adults; protective effect; carcinogenesis; fermentation; women; isobutyric acid; feces; Eubacterium limosum; carcinogenicity; pinto beans; functional foods; colon; blood lipids; men; humans; colorectal neoplasms; cardiovascular diseases; cholesterol
Abstract:
... Beans improve serum lipids and may reduce the risk of colon cancer by increasing colonic SCFA formation. We assessed whether pinto bean consumption affects in vitro fecal bacterial fermentation and production of SCFA, colonic bacterial populations, and serum lipids. Adults grouped as premetabolic syndrome (pre-MetSyn) (n = 40) or controls (n = 40) were randomly assigned to consume either a bean en ...
Handle:
10113/14679
PubMed:
17951475

66. Transcarboxylase mRNA: A marker which evidences P. freudenreichii survival and metabolic activity during its transit in the human gut

Author:
Herve, C.; Fondrevez, M.; Cheron, A.; Barloy-Hubler, F.; Jan, G.
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2007 v.113 no.3 pp. 303-314
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
humans; intestines; feces; fermented milk; probiotics; lactic acid bacteria; Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii; in vitro culture; propionic acid bacteria; carboxyltransferases and carbamoyltransferases; enzyme activity; fermentation; messenger RNA; biomarkers; bacterial colonization; gastrointestinal transit
Abstract:
... Dairy propionibacteria have recently been considered as probiotics which may beneficially modulate the intestinal ecosystem. However, appropriate vectors (food matrices containing the probiotic) which preserve their viability and offer good tolerance towards digestive stresses need to be developed. In addition, the development of efficient non-invasive methods which specifically monitor Propioniba ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.013

67. Use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

Author:
Bovera, F.; D'Urso, S.; Calabro, S.; Tudisco, R.; Di Meo, C.; Nizza, A.
Source:
British poultry science 2007 v.48 no.3 pp. 354-362
ISSN:
0007-1668
Subject:
ammonia; fermentation; in vitro digestibility; barley; ostriches; experimental design; beet pulp; gas production (biological); volatile fatty acids; cecum; hay; feces; corn silage; digesta; alfalfa; culture media; biochemical pathways; soybean meal
Abstract:
... 1. In order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. About 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, CS; alfalfa hay, AH; barley, BG; soybean meal, SM; beet pulp, BP) wa ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071660701341989
PubMed:
17578699

68. Voluntary intake, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh forages fed to Guinea pigs in periurban rearing systems of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Author:
Bindelle, J.; Ilunga, Y.; Delacollette, M.; Kayij, M. Muland; di M'Balu, J. Umba; Kindele, E.; Buldgen, A.
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2007 v.39 no.6 pp. 419-426
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
Amaranthus hybridus; Desmodium intortum; Euphorbia heterophylla; Megathyrsus maximus; animal health; crude protein; diet; farmers; feces; feeds; fermentation; guinea pigs; hydrolysis; in vitro digestibility; inoculum; nutritive value; rearing; voluntary intake; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Abstract:
... Bindelle, J., Ilunga, Y., Delacollette, M., Muland Kayij, M., Umba di M'Balu, J., Kindele, E. and Buldgen, A. Voluntary intake, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh forages fed to Guinea pigs in periurban rearing systems of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo). Tropical Animal Health and Production. The daily voluntary intake (DVI) of Guinea pigs (GP) fed 15 fresh forages us ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11250-007-9036-y
PubMed:
17966272

69. Zoonotic bacterial populations, gut fermentation characteristics and methane production in feedlot steers during oral nitroethane treatment and after the feeding of an experimental chlorate product

Author:
Gutierrez-Bañuelos, H.; Anderson, R.C.; Carstens, G.E.; Slay, L.J.; Ramlachan, N.; Horrocks, S.M.; Callaway, T.R.; Edrington, T.S.; Nisbet, D.J.
Source:
Anaerobe 2007 v.13 no.1 pp. 21-31
ISSN:
1095-8274
Subject:
acetic acid; rumen; fermentation; Escherichia coli; methane production; volatile fatty acids; feed additives; methanogens; feces; steers; propionic acid; butyric acid; chlorates; anti-infective agents; oral administration; Campylobacter; rumen bacteria; antibacterial properties
Abstract:
... Nitroethane inhibits the growth of certain zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella spp., foodborne pathogens estimated to cause millions of human infections each year, and enhances the Salmonella- and Escherichia coli-killing effect of an experimental chlorate product being developed as a feed additive to kill these bacteria immediately pre-harvest. Limited studies have shown that ...
Handle:
10113/13467
DOI:
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.11.002

70. A Novel Resistant Maltodextrin Alters Gastrointestinal Tolerance Factors, Fecal Characteristics, and Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adult Humans

Author:
Fastinger, Nathaniel D.; Karr-Lilienthal, Lisa K.; Spears, Julie K.; Swanson, Kelly S.; Zinn, Krista E.; Nava, Gerardo M.; Ohkuma, Kazuhiro; Kanahori, Sumiko; Gordon, Dennis T.; Fahey, George C. Jr.
Source:
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2008 v.27 no.2 pp. 356-366
ISSN:
0731-5724
Subject:
adults; feces; intestinal microorganisms; maltodextrins; prebiotics; digestive tract; digestion; fermentation; colon; short chain fatty acids; Bifidobacterium
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: Resistant maltodextrin has been shown to increase fecal bulk by resisting digestion and being partially fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The objective of this experiment was to determine potential prebiotic effects, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fecal characteristics of free-living humans fed a novel resistant maltodextrin or a normal maltodextrin contr ...
DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2008.10719712
PubMed:
18689571

71. Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 Reveals the Molecular Basis of an Autochthonous Intestinal Organism

Author:
Azcarate-Peril, M. Andrea; Altermann, Eric; Goh, Yong Jun; Tallon, Richard; Sanozky-Dawes, Rosemary B.; Pfeiler, Erika A.; O'Flaherty, Sarah; Buck, B. Logan; Dobson, Alleson; Duong, Tri; Miller, Michael J.; Barrangou, Rodolphe; Klaenhammer, Todd R.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2008 v.74 no.15 pp. 4610-4625
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
epithelial cells; niches; restriction endonucleases; bacteriophages; neonates; sigma factors; Lactobacillus gasseri; adults; fermentation; gastrointestinal system; carbohydrates; feces; sequence analysis; humans; chromosomes; bile; adhesion; gene transfer; Siphoviridae; operon; indigenous species; bacteria
Abstract:
... This study presents the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, a neotype strain of human origin and a native species found commonly in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates and adults. The plasmid-free genome was 1,894,360 bp in size and predicted to encode 1,810 genes. The GC content was 35.3%, similar to the GC content of its closest relatives, L. johnsonii NCC 533 (34%) ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.00054-08
PubMed:
18539810
PubMed Central:
PMC2519322

72. Assessment of metabolic diversity within the intestinal microbiota from healthy humans using combined molecular and cultural approaches

Author:
Chassard, Christophe; Scott, Karen P.; Marquet, Perrine; Martin, Jennifer C.; Del'homme, Christophe; Dapoigny, Michel; Flint, Harry J.; Bernalier-Donadille, Annick
Source:
FEMS microbiology ecology 2008 v.66 no.3 pp. 496-504
ISSN:
0168-6496
Subject:
Archaea; bacteria; bacterial communities; biodiversity; digestive system; energy; feces; fermentation; humans; in situ hybridization; intestinal microorganisms; methanogens; nutrients; nutrition; volunteers
Abstract:
... The human gut harbours a wide range of bacterial communities that play key roles in supplying nutrients and energy to the host through anaerobic fermentation of dietary components and host secretions. This fermentative process involves different functional groups of microorganisms linked in a trophic chain. Although the diversity of the intestinal microbiota has been studied extensively using mole ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00595.x
PubMed:
18811647

73. Bacterial population dynamics and faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in healthy humans

Author:
McOrist, A.L.; Abell, G.C.J.; Cooke, C.; Nyland, K.
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2008 v.100 no.1 pp. 138-146
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
weight; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; food intake; ribosomal RNA; humans; dietary fat; sugars; polymerase chain reaction; dietary carbohydrate; feces; butyric acid; species diversity; water content; pH; population dynamics; metabolites; colon
Abstract:
... Fermentation products, SCFA, particularly butyrate, are considered a sign of 'good' bowel health but the influence of bacterial population composition and diet on inter-individual difference in metabolites and colonic health is poorly understood. Faecal specimens were collected weekly from eight healthy human volunteers over 12 weeks. Dietary intake was self-reported and ten macronutrient factors ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114507886351
PubMed:
18205991

74. Development of human lactic acid (LAB) gastrointestinal microbiota in a Greek rural population

Author:
Dimitrios Vassos; Vassiliki Maipa; Chrysa Voidarou; Athanasios Alexopoulos; Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
Source:
Open life sciences 2008 v.3 no.1 pp. 55-60
ISSN:
2391-5412
Subject:
Bifidobacterium; Enterococcus avium; Enterococcus casseliflavus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactococcus lactis; Leuconostoc; anaerobic conditions; carbohydrates; children; digestive system; elderly; feces; fermentation; fermented dairy products; humans; intestinal microorganisms; lactic acid; lactic acid bacteria; rural population; selective media
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of the gut, fecal samples were collected and analyzed from 120 healthy Greek volunteers ranging from age 1 to age 85, all of whom declared daily consumption of local fermented dairy products. LAB strains were isolated using selective media under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Identification of the isolates was based on their growth patterns, ...
DOI:
10.2478/s11535-007-0045-7

75. Does the biomarker ¹⁵N-lactose ureide allow to estimate the site of fermentation of resistant starch

Author:
Cloetens, Lieselotte; De Preter, Vicky; De Loor, Henriette; Rutgeerts, Paul; Verbeke, Kristin PhD
Source:
European journal of nutrition 2008 v.47 no.4 pp. 217-223
ISSN:
1436-6207
Subject:
ammonia; biomarkers; colon; cross-over studies; feces; fermentation; mass spectrometry; nitrogen; placebos; resistant starch; stable isotopes; test meals; urine; volunteers; wheat bran; wheat starch
Abstract:
... We evaluated the effect of resistant starch (RS) and resistant starch with wheat bran (RS+WB) on the colonic ammonia metabolism in healthy volunteers using the biomarker ¹⁵N-lactose ureide (¹⁵N-LU). Particularly, it was investigated whether this biomarker allowed to estimate differences in the site of fermentation. Ten volunteers were included in a placebo-controlled crossover study. They consumed ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00394-008-0716-9

76. Effect of forage conservation method on microbial flora and fermentation pattern in forage and in equine colon and faeces

Author:
Müller, C.E.; von Rosen, D.; Udén, P.
Source:
Livestock science 2008 v.119 no.1-3 pp. 116-128
ISSN:
1871-1413
Subject:
horses; animal feeding; grasses; hay; feed processing; grass silage; haylage; feed quality; digestibility; hindgut; digestive physiology; fermentation; kinetics; biomarkers; colon; feces; intestinal microorganisms; chemical composition
Abstract:
... The influence of forage conservation method on microbial and chemical composition in forage and on colon content and faeces in horses fed with the forages was investigated. Hay (815 g DM/kg), haylage (548 g DM/kg) and silage (343 g DM/kg) was produced from the same grass crop and fed to four fistulated horses in a crossover study. Horses were sampled in right ventral colon and of faeces after a fe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.007

77. Effect of yeast supplementation on the in vitro fermentation of high-temperature dried lucerne incubated with an equine faecal inoculum

Author:
Murray, Jo-Anne M.D.; Longland, Annette; Dunnett, Catherine
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2008 v.146 no.1-2 pp. 149-159
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
fermentation; dry matter content; volatile fatty acids; experimental diets; gas production (biological); chemical degradation; yeasts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; alfalfa; feces; pH; animal feeding; in vitro studies; dietary supplements; horses; inoculum
Abstract:
... An in vitro gas production (GP) experiment, using equine faeces as the source of inoculum, was conducted to assess the effect of a yeast preparation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the fermentation of high-temperature dried lucerne. The experiment was a factorial design consisting of six levels of yeast supplementation of high-temperature dried lucerne; 0gyeastg⁻¹ (L ₀--Control), 2gyeastg⁻¹ (L ₁), 4 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.11.004

78. Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on digestibility and fermentation end-products in horses fed low- and high-starch concentrates

Author:
Swyers, K.L.; Burk, A.O.; Hartsock, T.G.; Ungerfeld, E.M.; Shelton, J.L.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2008 v.86 no.10 pp. 2596-2608
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
acidosis; propionic acid; digestibility; Lactobacillus acidophilus; fermentation; starch; hay; feces; Lactobacillus casei; feed supplements; Enterococcus faecium; feed intake; animal feeding; Bifidobacterium bifidum; excretion; acetic acid; geldings; probiotics; pH; feed concentrates
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to determine whether direct-fed microbials (DFM) could be used to increase digestibility and minimize the risk of acidosis associated with feeding an increase in the amount of starch fed to horses. Fifteen mature Thoroughbred geldings were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 3 x 3 Latin square design balanced for carryover effects. Within each 26-d period, horses were ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2007-0608
PubMed:
18407981

79. Glycerol induces reuterin production and decreases Escherichia coli population in an in vitro model of colonic fermentation with immobilized human feces

Author:
Cleusix, Valentine; Lacroix, Christophe; Vollenweider, Sabine; Le Blay, Gwenaëlle
Source:
FEMS microbiology ecology 2008 v.63 no.1 pp. 56-64
ISSN:
0168-6496
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus reuteri; adults; feces; fermentation; glycerol; humans; intestinal microorganisms; intestines; mechanism of action; models; probiotics
Abstract:
... Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 is a probiotic strain that produces, in the presence of glycerol, reuterin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance. This strain has been shown to prevent intestinal infections in vivo; however, its mechanisms of action, and more specifically whether reuterin production occurs within the intestinal tract, are not known. In this study, the effects of L. reuteri ATC ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00412.x
PubMed:
18028400

80. Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance, gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs

Author:
Jeaurond, E.A.; Rademacher, M.; Pluske, J.R.; Zhu, C.H.; de Lange, C.F.M.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2008 v.88 no.2 pp. 271-281
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
piglets; weanlings; feed rations; dietary protein; dietary carbohydrate; fermentation; digestion; body weight; piglet feeding; poultry meal; beet pulp; digestible energy; amino acid composition; liveweight gain; feed conversion; feed intake; intestinal microorganisms; Clostridium; colon; digesta; immune response; health status; biogenic amines; feces

81. In vitro fermentation of different sources of soluble fiber by dog faecal inoculum

Author:
Biagi, G.; Cipollini, I.; Zaghini, G.
Source:
Veterinary research communications 2008 v.32 pp. 335-337
ISSN:
0165-7380
Subject:
dogs; feces; soluble fiber; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; in vitro studies; prebiotics; species diversity; microbial activity
DOI:
10.1007/s11259-008-9142-y

82. In vitro fermentation of oat and barley derived β-glucans by human faecal microbiota

Author:
Hughes, Simon A.; Shewry, Peter R.; Gibson, Glenn R.; McCleary, Barry V.; Rastall, Robert A.
Source:
FEMS microbiology ecology 2008 v.64 no.3 pp. 482-493
ISSN:
0168-6496
Subject:
Atopobium; Bacteroides; Bifidobacterium; Clostridium histolyticum; Prevotella; acetates; barley; beta-glucans; butyrates; feces; fermentation; fermenters; fluorescence in situ hybridization; high performance liquid chromatography; humans; inulin; lactic acid; microorganisms; molecular weight; oats; oligosaccharides; polymerization; prebiotics; propionic acid; short chain fatty acids
Abstract:
... Fermentation of β-glucan fractions from barley [average molecular mass (MM), of 243, 172, and 137 kDa] and oats (average MM of 230 and 150 kDa) by the human faecal microbiota was investigated. Fractions were supplemented to pH-controlled anaerobic batch culture fermenters inoculated with human faecal samples from three donors, in triplicate, for each substrate. Microbiota changes were monitored by ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00478.x

83. Isolation and Characterization of Human Intestinal Bacteria Capable of Transforming the Dietary Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine

Author:
Vanhaecke, Lynn; Vercruysse, Filip; Boon, Nico; Verstraete, Willy; Cleenwerck, Ilse; De Wachter, Marjan; De Vos, Paul; van de Wiele, Tom
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2008 v.74 no.5 pp. 1469-1477
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Enterococcus faecium; Lactobacillus reuteri; amplified fragment length polymorphism; carcinogens; cellulose; chlorides; enzymes; feces; fermentation; glycerol; heterocyclic amines; high performance liquid chromatography; humans; intestinal microorganisms; meat extracts; metabolites; sequence analysis; starch; yeast extract
Abstract:
... 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine formed in meat products during cooking. Although the formation of hazardous PhIP metabolites by mammalian enzymes has been extensively reported, research on the putative involvement of the human intestinal microbiota in PhIP metabolism remains scarce. In this study, the in vitro conversion of PhIP ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.02064-07
PubMed:
18192423
PubMed Central:
PMC2258610

84. Isolation and identification of equol-producing bacterial strains from cultures of pig faeces

Author:
Yu, Zhuo-Teng; Yao, Wen; Zhu, Wei-Yun
Source:
FEMS microbiology letters 2008 v.282 no.1 pp. 73-80
ISSN:
0378-1097
Subject:
sequence analysis; fermentation; rumen; ribosomal RNA; humans; feces; intestines; nucleotide sequences; daidzein; animal performance; culture media; piglets; bacteria
Abstract:
... Transformation of daidzein to equol was compared during fermentation of three growth media inoculated with faeces from Erhualian piglets, but equol was produced from only one medium, M1. Two equol-producing strains (D1 and D2) were subsequently isolated using medium M1. Both strains were identified as Eubacterium sp., on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16S rRNA ge ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01108.x

85. Isolation of lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria from human feces and in vivo administration of Anaerostipes caccae strain L2 and galacto-oligosaccharides in a rat model

Author:
Sato, Tadashi; Matsumoto, Kazumasa; Okumura, Takekazu; Yokoi, Wakae; Naito, Eiichiro; Yoshida, Yasuto; Nomoto, Koji; Ito, Masahiko; Sawada, Haruji
Source:
FEMS microbiology ecology 2008 v.66 no.3 pp. 528-536
ISSN:
0168-6496
Subject:
acetates; animal models; bacteria; butyrates; feces; fermentation; galactooligosaccharides; genes; hindgut; humans; ingestion; propionic acid; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; rats; ribosomal RNA; succinic acid
Abstract:
... Lactate-utilizing butyrate-producers were isolated from human feces and identified based on the sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Anaerostipes caccae strain L2, one of the seven human fecal isolates, was administered to rats with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) as bifidogenic carbohydrates for stimulating lactate formation in the hindgut. Ingestion of GOS alone increased concentrations of cecal lactate a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00528.x
PubMed:
18554304

86. Simulating Methane Emissions from Dairy Farms

Author:
Chianese, Dawn Sedorovich; Rotz, C. Alan; Richard, Tom L.
Source:
Paper 2008 no.084098 pp. -
ISSN:
0149-9890
Subject:
gas emissions; dairy farming; methane; dairy manure; manure storage; feces; grazing; simulation models; environmental models; Holstein; slurries; prediction; fermentation; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... As a sector, agriculture is reported to be the third greatest contributor of methane in the U.S., emitting one-quarter of total emissions. The primary sources of methane on dairy farms are animals and manure storages with smaller contributions from field-applied manure, feces deposited by grazing animals, and manure on barn floors. The Integrated Farm System Model was expanded to include simulatio ...
Handle:
10113/29895

87. Simultaneous measurement of boldenone (α and β), ADD, testosterone, epitestosterone and AED in bovine faeces

Author:
Gavinelli, M.; Arioli, F.; Fracchiolla, M. L.; Casati, A.; Pompa, G.
Source:
Veterinary research communications 2008 v.32 pp. 295-298
ISSN:
0165-7380
Subject:
chemical composition; growth promotion; fermentation; urine; cattle; anabolic steroids; microorganisms; feces; methodology; testosterone; sterols; androstenedione
DOI:
10.1007/s11259-008-9132-0

88. Survival and colonization of orally administered Lactobacillus plantarum 301102 in porcine gastrointestinal tract

Author:
Tsuda, Harutoshi; Hara, Kazushi; Miyamoto, Taku
Source:
Animal science journal = 2008 v.79 no.2 pp. 274-278
ISSN:
1344-3941
Subject:
Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus plantarum; cheeses; feces; fermentation; fermented milk; intestinal microorganisms; intestines; oral administration; plasmids; probiotics; selective media; swine; China
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum 301102 in porcine gastrointestinal tract and its influence on the intestinal microflora. This strain was isolated from traditional cheese from Inner Mongolia, China. Fermented milk prepared with strain 301102 was administered to pigs and fecal microflora was examined. Intestinal passage of strain 301 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00527.x

89. The effect of ageing with and without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal microbiology and immunology

Author:
Tiihonen, K.; Tynkkynen, S.; Ouwehand, A.; Ahlroos, T.; Rautonen, N.
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2008 v.100 no.1 pp. 130-137
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
elderly; digestive physiology; age; short chain fatty acids; intestinal mucosa; prostaglandins; lactic acid; metabolites; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; dry matter content; biomarkers; feces; colon; temporal variation; aerobes; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; species diversity; immune response; microbial activity; digestive system diseases
Abstract:
... Elderly individuals are more susceptible to gastrointestinal problems such as constipation than young adults. Furthermore, the common use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) among the elderly is known to further increase such gastrointestinal ailments. To describe the specific changes in elderly, intestinal microbes, their metabolites and immune markers were measured from faecal sampl ...
DOI:
10.1017/S000711450888871X
PubMed:
18279548

90. A model to assess the use of caecal and faecal inocula to study fermentability of nutrients in rabbit

Author:
Bovera, F.; D'Urso, S.; Meo, C. Di; Tudisco, R.; Nizza, A.
Source:
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2009 v.93 no.2 pp. 147-156
ISSN:
0931-2439
Subject:
acetates; ammonia; cecum; chemical structure; equations; feces; fermentation; gas production (biological); grains; inoculum; legumes; nutrients; organic matter; propionic acid; rabbits; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... An in vitro gas production trial was conducted using 10 Hyla rabbits to evaluate the use of caecal and faecal inocula in fermentability studies. Caecal content (CI) and hard faeces (FI) were used as inocula. Six legume and six cereal concentrates were used as substrates. Gas production was recorded 19 times at 2-24 h intervals throughout fermentation (120 h). The fermentation characteristics (degr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00795.x
PubMed:
19320927

91. Antagonistic Activity of Spent Culture Supernatants of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Helicobacter Pylori Growth and Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells

Author:
Lin, Wen-Hsin; Lin, Chien-Ku; Sheu, Sen-Je; Hwang, Chin-Fa; Ye, Wan-Ting; Hwang, Wen-Zhe; Tsen, Hau-Yang
Source:
Journal of food science 2009 v.74 no.6 pp. M225
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
chemical concentration; viability; fermentation; Helicobacter pylori; organic acids and salts; antagonists; lactic acid bacteria; epithelial cells; strain differences; bacterial adhesion; feces; cultured cells; microbial growth; intestinal mucosa; probiotics; in vitro studies; extracts; food pathogens; infants; antibacterial properties
Abstract:
... We investigated the bactericidal activity and exclusion effect of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different commercial food products and infant feces against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. Antagonistic activity of spent culture supernatants (SCS) from LAB (LAB-SCS) was tested, and the content of organic acids in SCS was analyzed with h ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01194.x
PubMed:
19723205

92. Anti-carcinogenic soyabean Bowman-Birk inhibitors survive faecal fermentation in their active form and do not affect the microbiota composition in vitro

Author:
Marín-Manzano, M. Carmen; Ruiz, Raquel; Jiménez, Elisabeth; Rubio, Luis A.; Clemente, Alfonso
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2009 v.101 no.7 pp. 967-971
ISSN:
0007-1145
Subject:
Bowman-Birk inhibitor; fermentation; intestinal microorganisms; human diseases; trypsin; gastrointestinal system; colorectal neoplasms; chymotrypsin; soybeans; enzyme inhibition; human nutrition; feces; microbial growth; in vitro studies; biotransformation; enzyme activity; bacteria; anticarcinogenic activity
Abstract:
... Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) from soyabeans is a naturally occurring protease inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In a previous paper, we reported that significant amounts of BBI-related proteins reach the terminal ileum functionally and biologically active. We have now investigated: (a) if soyabean BBI is biotransformed ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114508057590
PubMed:
19353764

93. Development of a screening method to determine the pattern of fermentation metabolites in faecal samples using on-line purge-and-trap gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis

Author:
De Preter, Vicky; Van Staeyen, Greet; Esser, Diederik; Rutgeerts, Paul; Verbeke, Kristin
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2009 v.1216 no.9 pp. 1476-1483
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
correlation; feces; fermentation; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolites; screening; volatile organic compounds; volunteers
Abstract:
... An on-line screening method to analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in faecal samples was developed. VOCs were isolated from a standard solution or faecal samples using a purge-and-trap system and identified and quantified by GC-MS. The experimental conditions were optimised and the performance of the system was evaluated. Linear calibration curves were obtained with correlation coefficients ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.095

94. Differentiation of strains identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis

Author:
L.H. Markiewicz; E. Biedrzycka; E. Wasilewska; M. Bielecka
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2009 v.38 no.3 pp. 293-301
ISSN:
0139-3006
Subject:
Bifidobacterium animalis; feces; fermentation; humans; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; restriction endonucleases
Abstract:
... Six strains (Bi11, Bi30, Bi36, Bi50, Bi52 and Bi55) isolated from bio-yoghurts and two strains (KD10 and KD11) derived from human faeces were identified by genus- and species specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reference to the type strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140 and B. animalis subsp. animalis DSM 20104. The isolates were differentiated by usi ...
DOI:
10.1556/AAlim.2008.0038

95. Effect of Carbohydrate Composition in Barley and Oat Cultivars on Microbial Ecophysiology and Proliferation of Salmonella enterica in an In Vitro Model of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

Author:
Pieper, Robert; Bindelle, Jérôme; Rossnagel, Brian; Van Kessel, Andrew; Leterme, Pascal
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2009 v.75 no.22 pp. 7006-7016
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Clostridium; Ruminococcus; Salmonella enterica; acetates; amylopectin; amylose; bacteria; barley; butyrates; carbohydrate composition; cellulose; cluster analysis; community structure; crude protein; cultivars; ecophysiology; fatty acid composition; feces; fermentation; gas chromatography; gastrointestinal system; hulls; in vitro studies; microbial communities; models; oats; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; swine
Abstract:
... The influence of the carbohydrate (CHO) composition of cereal cultivars on microbial ecophysiology was studied using an in vitro model of the porcine gastrointestinal tract. Ten hull-less barley cultivars, six barley cultivars with hulls, six oat cultivars, and six oat groats that differed in β-glucan, nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP), and starch contents and starch type were hydrolyzed enzymaticall ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.01343-09
PubMed:
19783749
PubMed Central:
PMC2786517

96. Effects of fermented soy protein on nitrogen balance and apparent fecal and ileal digestibility in weaned pigs

Author:
Yoon, J.S.; Jang, H.D.; Cho, J.H.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, I.H.
ISSN:
1011-2367
Subject:
weaning; swine; digestibility; ileum; swine feeding; nitrogen balance; soy protein; fermentation; feces; amino acid metabolism; amino acids
DOI:
10.5713/ajas.2009.80274

97. Effects of mucin and its carbohydrate constituents on Escherichia coli O157 growth in batch culture fermentations with ruminal or fecal microbial inoculum

Author:
Fox, J.T.; Drouillard, J.S.; Shi, X.; Nagaraja, T.G.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2009 v.87 no.4 pp. 1304-1313
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
gluconic acid; intestinal mucosa; population dynamics; fucose; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; glucuronic acid; feces; rumen microorganisms; steers; galacturonic acid; animal pathogenic bacteria; mannose; carbohydrate composition; mucins; culture media; galactosamine; glucosamine; galactose; digesta; Escherichia coli O157
Abstract:
... In cattle, Escherichia coli O157 generally persists in the large intestine more often than in the rumen. In contrast to the rumen, the large intestine is lined by an epithelial membrane that secretes mucus. We hypothesize that substrates contained in intestinal mucus may constitute a source of energy that is preferentially used by E. coli O157. Therefore, our objective was to test the effects of m ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2008-1166
PubMed:
19028855

98. Exopolysaccharides produced by Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 modify the composition and metabolic activity of human faecal microbiota in pH-controlled batch cultures

Author:
Salazar, Nuria; Ruas-Madiedo, Patricia; Kolida, Sofia; Collins, Michelle; Rastall, Robert; Gibson, Glenn; de los Reyes-Gavilán, Clara G.
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2009 v.135 no.3 pp. 260-267
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
in vitro digestion; ribosomal RNA; short chain fatty acids; propionic acid; prebiotics; Bifidobacterium longum; lactic acid; intestinal microorganisms; fermentation; glucose; feces; humans; Clostridium histolyticum; species diversity; in vitro studies; inulin; Bifidobacterium animalis; microbial genetics; acetic acid; probiotics; polymers
Abstract:
... Exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from two Bifidobacterium strains, one of human intestinal origin (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum IPLA E44) and the other from dairy origin (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1), were subjected to in vitro chemically simulated gastrointestinal digestion, which showed the absence of degradation of both polymers in these conditions. Polymers were the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.017
PubMed:
19735956

99. Fecal excretion of alcohols and organic anions in neonatal dairy calves

Author:
Sato, Hiroshi; Shiogama, Yumiko
Source:
Animal science journal = 2009 v.80 no.2 pp. 171-175
ISSN:
1344-3941
Subject:
acetic acid; anions; butyric acid; cow colostrum; dairy calves; ethanol; ethanol production; excretion; feces; fermentation; lactic acid; metabolites; methanol; milk replacer; neonates; pH; perinatal period; propionic acid; rectum; rumen fermentation; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... To clarify colonic fermentation during the perinatal period, 22 dairy calves less than 6 weeks old were used. They were given a milk replacer following colostrum feeding. A total 100 samples of normal feces including meconium were collected from the rectum of the calves. Fecal pH, alcohols, lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were analyzed. Higher ethanol and n-propanol concentrations were fou ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00609.x
PubMed:
20163587

100. Feeding grape seed extract to horses: effects on health, intake and digestion

Author:
Davies, J.A.; Krebs, G.L.; Barnes, A.; Pant, I.; McGrath, P.J.
Source:
Animal 2009 v.3 no.3 pp. 380-384
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
racehorses; Thoroughbred; animal feeding; grape seed extract; animal health; exercise; feed intake; digestion; drinking water; palatability; adverse effects; body temperature; breathing; heart rate; fermentation; hindgut; feces; pH; blood glucose; dosage
Abstract:
... A feeding trial involving four Thoroughbred race horses was undertaken to establish whether inclusion of grape seed extract (GSE) in the diet of horses undergoing mild exercise had any effects on their general health, intake and digestion. Supplementation with GSE had no effect on either feed or water intake of the horses and the supplement was readily palatable to the horses at all levels of incl ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731108003509
PubMed:
22444308