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1. Environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater systems and related environments in Wuhan: April to May of 2020

Author:
Lu Zhao; Evans Atoni; Raphael Nyaruaba; Yao Du; Huaiyu Zhang; Oscar Donde; Doudou Huang; Shuqi Xiao; Nanjie Ren; Teng Ma; Zhu Shu; Zhiming Yuan; Lei Tong; Han Xia
Source:
Journal of environmental sciences (China) 2022 v.112 pp. 115-120
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; RNA; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; environmental monitoring; epidemiology; feces; gastrointestinal system; groundwater; hospitals; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; risk; sediments; sludge; soil; surface water; wastewater; wastewater treatment; China
Abstract:
... Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as an effective environmental surveillance tool in monitoring fecal-oral pathogen infections within a community. Congruently, SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has been demonstrated to infect the gastrointestinal tissues, and be shed in feces. In the present study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater, sludge, surface water, gro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.005

2. 102 Probiotic administration post-foaling may reduce parasite shedding in foals

Author:
R.D. Jacobs; M.L. Jerina; B.A. Tremayne
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103565
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Nematoda; Quarter Horse; anthelmintics; eggs; feces; foals; gastrointestinal system; hay; microbiome; parasite load; parasites; probiotics; risk; veterinary medicine; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... The use of probiotics in horses to affect changes in gut physiology is expanding rapidly. Typically, probiotic administration is aimed at improving gastrointestinal health through alteration of the host microbiome. However, administration of these novel bacterial strains may have wider-reaching effects. Internal parasites pose a risk to the health of horses. The principle method of parasite manage ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103565

3. 11 Assessment of the impact of age on fecal microbial ecosystem in horses

Author:
M. Buttet; C. Omphalius; V. Milojevic; V. Julliand; S. Julliand
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103474
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
absorption; acetates; butyrates; computer software; digestion; ecosystems; evolution; experimental diets; feces; fermentation; hay; intestinal microorganisms; lactic acid; metabolites; microbial activity; microbial ecology; pH; propionic acid; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... In humans, aging influences gut microbiota diversity and structure. In horses, modifications in gut microbiota could also occur, potentially leading to alteration in digestion and metabolism, development of diseases and even behavioral changes. Such modifications can affect microbial functions and consequently digestive capabilities. The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the age-related vari ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103474

4. 135 Safety and behavioural effects of cannabidiol applied as an oral administration in horses

Author:
E. Hill; W. Bryne
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103598
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
adults; anxiety; appetite; bioavailability; blood plasma; blood pressure; body weight; cannabidiol; clinical examination; color; digestive system; feces; food consumption; heart rate; horses; humans; mucosa; multipliers; oral administration; pain; salivation; urine; veterinary medicine; Colorado
Abstract:
... Cannabidiol (CBD) is already being used in horses, despite the absence of scientific data demonstrating efficacy and safety. The objectives of this study include the investigation of behavioral effects of CBD after a single oral administration of CBD at a dose 250 mg per adult horse and investigating if there are any observed adverse events. A total of 8 clinically healthy Czech Warmblood horses w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103598

5. 139 In sacco and in vivo digestibility of silages in horses

Author:
E. Næsje; R.B. Jensen
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103602
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
body weight; cannulas; cecum; diet; digestibility; digestion; feces; harvest date; horses; neutral detergent fiber; porosity; rubber; silage; t-test; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... The gold standard method for measuring digestibility of feedstuffs is by total collection of feces. An alternative method is the in sacco technique which provide information on both digestibility and digestion kinetics of a feed. The in sacco technique is commonly used in feedstuff evaluation systems for ruminants. Only few studies have used the technique in horses, but further validation against ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103602

6. 17 Use of hair cortisol analysis to evaluate the influence of housing conditions on long-term stress in horses

Author:
J. Werner; K. Cole
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103480
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
biomarkers; blood; color; cortisol; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; feces; heart rate; psychological stress; saliva; smell; tail; taste sensitivity; urine; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Horses are kept in a variety of housing systems which often reflect the needs of both horses and their owners as well as available resources. Housing management practices not only impact horse health and performance but may also influence a horse's physiological and psychological stress. Traditional sampling methods using blood, saliva, urine, and feces are often utilized to evaluate stress in ani ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103480

7. 40 Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate affects mucosal immunity in young stress-challenged horses in training

Author:
M. Tench; J.M. Bobel; C. Bazurto; J. Dolly; T.L. Hansen; N. Kirk; C. Lopez; L.K. Warren
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103503
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; blood serum; cortisol; diet; digestive system; disease resistance; feces; fermentation; hay; head; horses; immunocompetence; infectious diseases; inflammation; ingestion; monocytes; mucosal immunity; mucus; neutrophils; respiratory system; risk; statistical models; veterinary medicine; yeasts
Abstract:
... Competition horses are under pressure from a wide range of stressors putting them at higher risk of infectious disease. Ingestion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate (SCF) products have been shown to improve immunocompetence in humans and other species, and we hypothesized it would provide similar benefits for horses. Yeast fermentate contains cellular components that can bind to pathogens and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103503

8. 48 Evaluation of soybean cultivars for forage yield and nutritive qualities

Author:
S. Thompson; J. Koebernick; R. Carrell; M. Cole; L. Dillard
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103511
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Arachis glabrata; Glycine max; Medicago sativa; acid detergent fiber; air; alfalfa; crude protein; cultivars; dry matter digestibility; feces; forage yield; horses; neutral detergent fiber; nutritive value; ovens; soybeans; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Equine producers frequently utilize legumes, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata), as forages in their feeding programs. Due to challenges related to production and shipping in the Southeast, producers may be looking for other viable legume options to reduce feeding costs. Soybean (Glycine max L.) may prove to be a useful option. The current study evaluated 3 f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103511

9. 50 Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in horses fed rhizoma peanut hay

Author:
A.C.C.M. Vasco; A.S. Morrison; K.J. Brinkley-Bissinger; J.M. Bobel; J.C.B. Dubeux; L.K. Warren; C.L. Wickens
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103513
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Arachis glabrata; Cynodon dactylon; Medicago sativa; Quarter Horse; acid detergent fiber; alfalfa; calcium; crude protein; digestibility; digestible energy; excretion; feces; hay; neutral detergent fiber; nitrogen; nitrogen balance; nitrogen retention; nutrient intake; phosphorus; starch; total nitrogen; urine; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Rhizoma peanut hay has the potential to meet horses’ crude protein requirements with reduced nitrogen excretion. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, and nitrogen balance of rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata cv Florigraze) hay compared with alfalfa (ALF, Medicago sativa L. cv Legendary XHD) and bermudagrass (CB, Cynodon dactylon L. cv Coastal) hays when fed to m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103513

10. 51 Digestibility of a diet with or without reed sedge peat in exercised horses

Author:
S. Finn; L. Baker; K. Samuelson; B. Koch; J. Pipkin
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103514
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Cynodon dactylon; acid detergent fiber; ash content; blood glucose; blood serum; body weight; crude fiber; crude protein; diet; digestibility; exercise; exercise test; feces; glucose; hay; insulin; neutral detergent fiber; peat; veterinary medicine; Michigan
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a concentrate diet containing Reed Sedge Peat (RSP) on nutrient digestibility, and serum glucose and insulin concentrations in mature exercised horses. The addition of RSP to the diet in horses may be beneficial to increasing nutrient digestibility and performance factors of the horse. Six stock-type geldings, ranging from 8 to 19 yr of age, i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103514

11. 67 Partial substitution of cereals with sugar beet pulp and hindgut health in horses

Author:
P. Grimm; V. Julliand; S. Julliand
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103530
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
adults; anaerobes; barley; blood; dysbiosis; ecosystems; energy; feces; fermentation; hay; high carbohydrate diet; high fiber diet; hindgut; horses; immunity; inflammation; lactic acid; microbial ecology; pH; soluble fiber; sugar beet pulp; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... In high energy-demanding horses, replacing cereals by sugar beet pulp (SBP) rich in soluble fiber may be of interest to limit hindgut dysbiosis and subsequent mucosal inflammation. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of partial substitution of cereals with SBP on the hindgut microbial ecosystem and the mucosal associated immunity. Six adult exercised Trotteurs Français were enrolled in a 3 × ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103530

12. 7 The use of in vitro fermentation methods to simulate an equine cecal environment

Author:
J.L. MacNicol; S. Renwick; C. Ganobis; E. Allen-Vercoe; J.S. Weese; W. Pearson
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103470
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
bioinformatics; cecum; computer software; death; feces; fermentation; genes; horses; ice; inoculum; microbiome; slaughterhouses; slurries; veterinary medicine; viability
Abstract:
... The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is intimately related to the health and well-being of the horse. However, access to more proximal portions of the GIT, such as the cecum, are challenging in live horses. Surgical techniques which enable in vivo cecal sampling, such as cannulation, are difficult to perform and maintenance can be problematic. The objective of this study was to evaluate cha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103470

13. 72 Horses’ fecal microbiome responses to abrupt diet changes

Author:
B.C. Franzan; I.S. Coelho; M.M.M. Santos; M.T. Souza; F.Q. Almeida; V.P. Silva
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103535
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Actinobacteria; Bacteroidetes; Elusimicrobia; Firmicutes; Lentisphaerae; Proteobacteria; Synergistetes; Treponema; Verrucomicrobia; animal care; bacterial communities; community structure; computer software; diet; feces; genes; hay; intestinal microorganisms; microbiome; pH; rectum; species diversity; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Abrupt diet changes affect horses' gastrointestinal health. This study evaluated the effects of abrupt interchange of exclusive diets of Coastcross hay and complete extruded diet on the fecal microbiome of horses. The project was approved by Animal Care Commite: n° 3083.029756/2017–10. Eight geldings horses were randomly split into 2 groups: A - fed a Coastcross hay diet (CHD); and B - fed a compl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103535

14. 73 Impact of storage conditions on the viability of microbial inoculum for estimating in vitro digestibility in the horse

Author:
L. Sukovaty; D. O'Donnell; G. Webb
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103536
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Quarter Horse; acid detergent fiber; alfalfa; analysis of covariance; crude protein; digestion; dry matter digestibility; feces; forage quality; grasses; inoculum; linear models; neutral detergent fiber; veterinary medicine; viability
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effect of storage conditions of equine fecal material on the viability of derived microbial inoculum used for in vitro equine digestibility trials. Fecal material collected via rectal palpation from 3 mature quarter horse geldings was stored at 4 storage temperatures: 39°C for 15 min (control), 22°C for 6h, 3°C for 6h, and −18°C for 24h. Utilizing pooled microbial inoculum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103536

15. 82 Effect of dental floating on ADF and NDF digestion after 8 weeks

Author:
A. Starrett; P.M. Urso; R. Smith; J.K. Suagee-Bedore
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103545
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Cynodon dactylon; acid detergent fiber; acid insoluble ash; body condition; cellulose; crude protein; dentistry; diet; digestibility; digestion; enamel; feces; neutral detergent fiber; oral hygiene; pain; veterinary medicine; weight loss
Abstract:
... Horses have hypsodont teeth that erupt from the jawbone throughout their lifetime in response to removal of enamel surfaces during feed grinding. Teeth must be floated yearly to remove sharp points that occur due to dental abnormalities and conformation defects that cause the teeth to not meet up correctly. This results in unequal wear on the grinding surface of the teeth. Diet also affects wear p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103545

16. 98 Growth and mineral content of tall fescue grown in manure extracts from horses fed varying trace mineral sources and levels

Author:
A.L. Fowler; M. Brümmer-Holder
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103561
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; biomass; diet; feces; growth chambers; horse manure; horses; hydroponics; industry; liquids; mineral content; nutrient solutions; pastures; plant height; rockwool; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Horse manure spread on pasture can provide nutrients and minerals to plants, but the effect of horse diet on fecal mineral availability to plants is unknown. This study's objective was to determine if the amount and source of trace minerals (TM) fed to horses would affect the growth and mineral content of plants grown hydroponically in manure extracts. Nine horses were used in a replicated 3 × 3 L ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103561

17. A 3-year retrospective analysis of canine intestinal parasites: fecal testing positivity by age, U.S. geographical region and reason for veterinary visit

Author:
Sarah Sweet; Evan Hegarty; Donald J. McCrann; Michael Coyne; Dave Kincaid; Donald Szlosek
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2021 v.14 no.1 pp. 173
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Ancylostoma; Baylisascaris; Giardia; Toxascaris; Toxocara canis; Trichuris vulpis; Uncinaria stenocephala; adults; centrifugation; coproantigens; dogs; feces; health status; hookworms; immunoassays; intestines; microscopy; parasitism; retrospective studies; zinc sulfate
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Canine life stage is a key factor in parasite prevalence as clinical signs associated with parasitism are more common in pups. In adult dogs, health status and geographical region may also play a role in parasite prevalence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fecal test results using zinc sulfate flotation by centrifugation combined with fecal antigen testing for hookworms (Ancy ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-021-04678-6

18. A Bayesian inference approach to quantify average pathogen loads in farmyard manure and slurry using open-source Irish datasets

Author:
Rajat Nag; Bryan K. Markey; Paul Whyte; Vincent O'Flaherty; Declan Bolton; Owen Fenton; Karl G. Richards; Enda Cummins
Source:
Science of the total environment 2021 v.786 pp. 147474
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Campylobacter; Clostridium; Cryptosporidium parvum; Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Salmonella; cattle; data collection; environment; farm to fork; farms; feces; herds; pathogens; pig manure; risk; risk assessment; sheep; sheep manure; slurries; surveys; Ireland
Abstract:
... Farm-to-fork quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) typically start with a preliminary estimate of initial concentration (Cᵢₙᵢₜᵢₐₗ) of microorganism loading at farm level, consisting of an initial estimate of prevalence (P) and the resulting pathogen levels in animal faeces. An average estimation of the initial concentration of pathogens can be achieved by combining P estimates in animal p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147474

19. A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study

Author:
Ewa Łoś-Rycharska; Marcin Gołębiewski; Marcin Sikora; Tomasz Grzybowski; Marta Gorzkiewicz; Maria Popielarz; Julia Gawryjołek; Aneta Krogulska
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
Bacteroides; Gemella; Lactobacillus; atopic dermatitis; bacterial communities; community structure; digestive system; feces; food allergies; genes; intestinal microorganisms; phenotype; species abundance
Abstract:
... The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13051682

20. A Comparative Pilot Study of Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Commonalities, Specificities and Correlations with Lifestyle

Author:
Ibrahim Laswi; Ameena Shafiq; Dana Al-Ali; Zain Burney; Krishnadev Pillai; Mohammad Salameh; Nada Mhaimeed; Dalia Zakaria; Ali Chaari; Noha A. Yousri; Ghizlane Bendriss
Source:
Microorganisms 2021 v.9 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
DNA; antibiotics; bacteriome; comorbidity; diet; dysbiosis; feces; fungi; gastrointestinal system; lifestyle; phylogeny; probiotics; questionnaires; species diversity; statistical analysis
Abstract:
... Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are a common comorbidity in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), while anxiety-like behaviors are common among patients with gastrointestinal diseases. It is still unclear as to which microbes differentiate these two groups. This pilot study aims at proposing an answer by exploring both the bacteriome and the mycobiome in a cohort of 55 volunteers wi ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms9040741