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birds; body weight; cerrado; ecosystems; frugivores; fruits; lipid content; pulp; second growth; seed dispersal; seed weight; species abundance; Brazil
Abstract:
... Neutral and niche factors influence the structure of frugivory and seed dispersal networks. While the former refers to the abundance of interacting species, niche factors refer to traits that mediate interactions between species (e.g., morphology). The challenge is to unravel in which circumstances one kind of factor predominates over the other, or how much variation is explained by each factor. W ...
Vicente García-Navas; Carlos Martínez-Núñez; Rubén Tarifa; Antonio J. Manzaneda; Francisco Valera; Teresa Salido; Francisco M. Camacho; Jorge Isla; Pedro J. Rey
agriculture; agroecosystems; agroforestry; biodiversity conservation; birds; case studies; environment; farms; frugivores; functional diversity; habitats; insectivores; land use; landscapes; olives; overwintering; phylogeny; Northern European region
Abstract:
... Agroforests are of well-known importance for biodiversity conservation, especially in the tropics, because they are structurally stable and may resemble natural forests. Previous studies have characterized jointly taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in these agro-ecosystems to comprehensively examine the mechanisms by which agriculture impacts on biodiversity. However, this approach h ...
Elaeis guineensis; Hevea brasiliensis; administrative management; agroforestry; birds; botanical composition; ecosystems; forest ecology; frugivores; fruits; granivores; habitats; insect control; insect pests; land use; species richness; Malaysia
Abstract:
... The suitability of agricultural matrices to support biodiversity, including birds, varies depending on agricultural land-use. In Southeast Asia, monoculture plantations of oil palm and rubber tree have replaced the native rainforests and displaced forest biodiversity. Compared to such single functionality plantations, agroforestry orchards may provide a more complex habitat for biodiversity via po ...
... Global anthropogenic changes cause major impacts on species interactions, with cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. Animal-mediated pollination and seed dispersal are major mutualisms associated with distinct stages of plant reproduction. Nevertheless, we lack an integrated assessment on how multiple anthropogenic impacts affect these interrelated mutualisms. Here, we systematically reviewe ...
Larissa Nowak; Matthias Schleuning; Irene M. A. Bender; Katrin Böhning‐Gaese; D. Matthias Dehling; Susanne A. Fritz; W. Daniel Kissling; Thomas Mueller; Eike Lena Neuschulz; Alex L. Pigot; Marjorie C. Sorensen; Isabel Donoso
biodiversity; birds; canopy; climate change; conservation areas; frugivores; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; seed dispersal; species dispersal; temperature; woody plants; Peru
Abstract:
... AIM: Climate change causes shifts in species ranges globally. Terrestrial plant species often lag behind temperature shifts, and it is unclear to what extent animal‐dispersed plants can track climate change. Here, we estimate the ability of bird‐dispersed plant species to track future temperature change on a tropical mountain. LOCATION: Tropical elevational gradient (500–3500 m.a.s.l.) in the Manú ...
Muhammad Ali Imron; Marco Campera; Dennis Al Bihad; Farah Dini Rachmawati; Febrian Edi Nugroho; Budiadi Budiadi; K. Fajar Wianti; Edi Suprapto; Vincent Nijman; K.A.I. Nekaris
agroforestry; birds; cropland; deforestation; forests; frugivores; fruits; granivores; habitats; humans; nectar feeding; paddies; people; species diversity; sustainable agriculture; trees; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depend on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through ...
... The goal of this study was to assess breeding systems, and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in four vegetation types in the Venezuelan central plains: forest, ecotone, savanna and disturbed areas. Such analysis allowed inferring how reproductive systems are influenced by the structure and complexity of the vegetation. This analysis was conducted considering the life form, successional stage, ...
... In the present study, two approaches were followed to evaluate the metabolic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a frugivorous species, to intraperitoneal (IP) administration of glucose (GLU) and fructose (FRU) in fed (FED) and 10-day fasted (FAST) fish. Glucose and fructose tolerance tests were performed to assess the carbohydrate utilization and complementary NMR-metabolomics analyses ...
Pan troglodytes; Saba senegalensis; canopy; digestive system; ecosystem services; ecosystems; frugivores; fruits; germination; habitats; people; pulp; savanna woodlands; seed dispersal; species recruitment; vertebrates; vines; Senegal
Abstract:
... Vertebrate‐mediated seed dispersal is vital to the maintenance of diversity in tropical ecosystems, and seed‐dispersing animals are increasingly thought to provide ecosystem services by dispersing the seeds of plant species utilized by people. However, few studies have demonstrated a link between vertebrate frugivores and plants used by people, thus limiting the generalizability of the seed‐disper ...
Bobby Lim-Ho Kong; Wenyan Nong; Kwan-Ho Wong; Sean Tsz-Sum Law; Wai-Lok So; Johnson Jor-Shing Chan; Jordan Zhang; Tai-Wai David Lau; Jerome Ho-Lam Hui; Pang-Chui Shaw
... Ilex asprella is a widely used herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating viral infection and relieving inflammation. Due to the earlier fruiting period of I. asprella, it is the major food source for frugivores in summer. Despite its pharmacological and ecological importance, a reference genome for I. asprella is lacking. By using Illumina, stLFR and Omni-C sequencing data, we present the ...
DNA damage; Glossophaga; arid lands; caatinga; cost effectiveness; environmental degradation; frugivores; micronucleus tests; mutagens; nectar feeding; sugarcane; Brazil
Abstract:
... Brazil’s Caatinga drylands is under extensive environmental deterioration, with 38% of its natural cover already lost. There is a need for a better understanding of the effects of such degradation on Caatinga’s rich and singular biota. Bats form a large part of this biota, and are pointed as good bioindicators. Here, we used the micronucleus test –an easy-to-use, accessible and cost-effective in v ...
Chaerephon; Respirovirus; blood; codon usage; coevolution; databases; frugivores; human population; insectivores; monitoring; phylogeny; public health; viruses; zoonoses; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Bat paramyxoviruses (PmV) are a diverse group of viruses and include zoonotic viruses such as henipaviruses. Members of this group in other continents have been associated with severe respiratory and neurological infections in animals and humans. Furthermore, despite the richness of diverse bat species that can transmit this virus in African countries like Nigeria, there is very scanty information ...
... Human-modified landscapes are often composed of small and isolated natural habitat fragments immersed in agricultural and urban matrices. Within them, ecosystem services provided by wildlife, such as pest insect suppression, may decrease or even be lost leading to a substantial increase in agricultural production costs. Pest insect suppression by bats has been identified as an essential ecosystem ...
Anastrepha ludens; adulthood; adults; animals; body weight; carbohydrates; conspecificity; diet; food quality; frugivores; fruit flies; intraspecific competition; larvae; larval development; population dynamics; pupae
Abstract:
... Diet quality and the presence and abundance of conspecifics feeding on the same food resource are critical factors that affect functional traits of many animal species and influence ecological processes. We hypothesized that in insects whose larvae live in groups of varying sizes in ephemeral and nutritionally variable environments, extreme macronutrient content in the feeding substrate is a barri ...
animal ecology; body weight; cumulative distribution; diet; frugivores; geographical distribution; latitude; species abundance; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Diet composition is among the most important yet least understood dimensions of animal ecology. Inspired by the study of species abundance distributions (SADs), we tested for generalities in the structure of vertebrate diets by characterising them as dietary abundance distributions (DADs). We compiled data on 1167 population‐level diets, representing >500 species from six vertebrate classes, spann ...
... The Phyllostomidae is arguably the most diverse family‐level clade of mammals. Associated with this high diversity is considerable heterogeneity in resource utilisation among species and across locales of the Neotropics. Despite heterogeneity, few attempts have been made to synthesise dietary patterns even for smaller regions within the Neotropics. Atlantic Forest is a large dynamic ecoregion in t ...
Bayesian theory; Neotropics; biological models; body weight; diet; ecosystems; frugivores; niches; phylogeny; species diversity
Abstract:
... Understanding the factors that explain animals' diet diversity is important to comprehend niche partitioning, co-existence, biotic interactions, and the vulnerability of species populations to habitat transformation. Species body mass and their geographical range are positively related to the diversity of food items they consume and consequently with their potential ecological niche occupied. Howe ...
Marcelino Benvindo-Souza; Akemi Vieira Hosokawa; Cirley Gomes Araújo dos Santos; Rhayane Alves de Assis; Thays Millena Alves Pedroso; Rinneu Elias Borges; Susi Missel Pacheco; Lia Raquel de Souza Santos; Daniela de Melo e Silva
... Habitat loss and fragmentation together represent the most significant threat to the world's biodiversity. In order to guarantee the survival of this diversity, the monitoring of bioindicators can provide important insights into the health of a natural environment. In this context, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the genotoxic susceptibility of 126 bats of eight species c ...
Nur Syafika Mohd-Yusof; Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff; Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan; Aqilah Sakinah Badrulisham; Nursyuhada Othman; Salmah Yaakop; Shukor Md-Nor; Badrul Munir Md-Zain
COVID-19 infection; DNA barcoding; Enterobacter; Klebsiella; Pseudomonas; Pteropus; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; bacterial communities; community structure; ecosystems; foxes; frugivores; fruits; genes; intestinal microorganisms; pandemic; pathogens; rectum; Malaysia
Abstract:
... Flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) belongs to the frugivorous bats, which play a crucial role in maintaining proper functioning of an ecosystem and conservation of the environment. Bats are well-known carriers of pathogenic viruses, such as BatCov RaTG13 from the coronavirus family that share 90.55% with SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing recent global pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Howe ...
... Not all frugivore species are equally important to the structure and maintenance of mutualistic networks and identifying the most relevant species is of great relevance to conservation ecology. Centrality metrics provide insightful information on the relative contribution of individual fruit-eating species to the topology of the networks, but there is still considerable debate on what ecological t ...
... Animal-dispersed plants usually rely upon multiple dispersers. In many ecosystems, most of these interactions have yet to be explored; thus, documenting the extent of contribution of each animal partner to the reproduction and survival of plant species is key to understanding the ecology and evolution of animal–plant mutualism, as well as the potential responses of the ecological networks to biodi ...
Neotropics; Platyrrhinus; feces; forests; frugivores; seed predation; Andes region; Peru
Abstract:
... Through an analysis of seeds in faeces, I recorded some fruits consumed by 13 bat species in a premontane forest of the buffer zone of Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa (Junin, central Peru) in March 2017. Platyrrhinus albericoi was found for the first time in the area. Results provide the first evidence of granivory by Chiroderma salvini and frugivory by Lonchophylla handleyi, and additional recor ...
... Endozoochory is an important ecosystem function that, in temperate and boreal regions, is carried out mainly by birds and mammals. Due to their different quantitative and qualitative contributions to seed dispersal, these animals usually differ in their effectiveness as seed dispersers. However, there is still little information about how spatio‐temporal differences in frugivory between birds and ...
body weight; community structure; ecosystems; forests; frugivores; humans
Abstract:
... Disentangling the structure of plant–animal mutualisms shed light on how species are organized, and allow us to infer about resilience, specificity, and ultimately the consequences of the loss of functions to the ecosystem. Here we gathered fruit–frugivore interactions for all the major vertebrate taxa interacting with plants in two conservation states in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: a small pat ...
Ian R. McFadden; Susanne A. Fritz; Niklaus E. Zimmermann; Loïc Pellissier; W. Daniel Kissling; Joseph A. Tobias; Matthias Schleuning; Catherine H. Graham
Arecaceae; birds; data collection; frugivores; fruit size; geographical distribution; zoogeography
Abstract:
... Species interactions are influenced by the trait structure of local multi‐trophic communities. However, it remains unclear whether mutualistic interactions in particular can drive trait patterns at the global scale, where climatic constraints and biogeographic processes gain importance. Here we evaluate global relationships between traits of frugivorous birds and palms (Arecaceae), and how these r ...
body size; data collection; diet; frugivores; geographical distribution; habitats; insectivores; interspecific variation; latitude; locomotion; mammals; migratory behavior; phylogeny; thermoregulation
Abstract:
... Migration is ubiquitous among animals and has evolved repeatedly and independently. Comparative studies of the evolutionary origins of migration in birds are widespread, but are lacking in mammals. Mammalian species have greater variation in functional traits that may be relevant for migration. Interspecific variation in migration behaviour is often attributed to mode of locomotion (i.e. running, ...
... Examination of faecal material has demonstrated how a broad range of organisms are distributed by bird movements. Such research has largely focused on dispersal of plant seeds by frugivores and of freshwater organisms by waterbirds. However, with few exceptions (e.g. avian influenza, Ebola virus), there is a dearth of evidence for transport of parasites and pathogens. High‐throughput sequencing me ...
... To meet the growing demand for chocolate, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) agriculture is expanding and intensifying. Although this threatens tropical forests, cocoa sustainability initiatives largely overlook biodiversity conservation. To inform these initiatives, we analyzed how cocoa agriculture affects bird diversity at farm and landscape scales with a meta‐analysis of 23 studies. We extracted 214 Hedg ...
Neotropics; birds; climate change; conservation areas; frugivores; niches; Peru
Abstract:
... AIM: How species respond to climate change is influenced by their sensitivity to climatic conditions (i.e. their climatic niche) and aspects of their adaptive capacity (e.g. their dispersal ability and ecological niche). To date, it is largely unknown whether and how species’ sensitivity to climate change and their adaptive capacity covary. However, understanding this relationship is important to ...
agricultural land; anthropogenic activities; avifauna; birds; frugivores; granivores; habitat destruction; land cover; landscapes; piscivores; species diversity; urbanization; vegetation; wetlands; India
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Wetlands provide diverse ecological services to sustain rich biodiversity, but they are recklessly exploited around the globe. East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW; Ramsar site No. 1208, ~ 125 km²) was once very rich in faunal diversity that declined over the years due to various anthropogenic pressures. In such scenarios, effective management plans need to contemplate local and landscape level ...
Neotropics; birds; body weight; frugivores; nestedness; seed dispersal; understory; Brazil
Abstract:
... Analysis of ecological networks is a useful approach to investigate species interactions. However, sampling method may influence the observed patterns especially in highly diverse communities. Here we evaluated how sampling decisions influence the characterization of a seed dispersal network between frugivorous birds and plants in a Neotropical community, in Brazil. We found that phytocentric and ...
... The western Amazon is characterized by a shortage of available minerals. Chemical analysis of food items and feces of frugivorous bats has shown that they may experience inadequate mineral intake. Assessing the inter-taxon and seasonal variations in mineral loads of wild frugivorous bats may help determine the mineral constraints in their diets. Our sampling was based on bats from the genus Caroll ...
Protozoa; Rousettus; body size; ecosystems; forest regeneration; frugivores; fruits; keystone species; pathogens; public health; zoonoses
Abstract:
... The Old World tropical and subtropical frugivorous bat genus Rousettus (Pteropodidae) contains species with broad distributions, as well as those occurring in restricted geographical areas, particularly islands. Herein we review the role of Rousettus as a keystone species from a global “One Health” approach and related to ecosystem functioning, zoonotic disease and public health. Rousettus are eff ...
Thallyta Maria Vieira; Soraia de Oliveira Silva; Luciana Lima; Gilberto Sabino-Santos; Eduardo Robson Duarte; Sabrina Miranda Lima; Agnes Antônia Sampaio Pereira; Francisco C. Ferreira; Walter Santos de Araújo; Marta Maria Geraldes Teixeira; Renata Luiz Ursine; Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo; Maria Norma Melo
... This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Leishmania infection in bats in urban and wild areas in an endemic municipality for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between April 2014 to April 2015, 247 bats were captured and classified into 26 species belonging to Phyllostomidae (90.7%), Vespertilionidae (8.1%) and Molossidae (1.2%) families. Blood samples from 247 ba ...
... In temperate zones, seed-dispersal networks by migratory birds are formed on long time scale. In mid-October from 2005 to 2016, to explore the dynamics of the network structures, we examined interannual variability of fruit abundance, bird migration, and seed-dispersal networks in central Japan. For 12 years, the fruit abundance exhibited a remarkable fluctuation across years, with the number of f ...
Arecaceae; Chiroptera; Lemur; anthropogenic activities; birds; extinction; frugivores; home range; rodents; seed dispersal; species diversity; temperature; Madagascar
Abstract:
... The extinction of all Madagascar's megafrugivores ca 1000 years ago, may have left its signature on the current distribution of vertebrate‐dispersed plants across the island, due to the loss of effective seed dispersal. In this study, we dissect the roles of extinct and extant frugivore distributions, abiotic variables, human impact and spatial predictors on the compositional turnover, or beta‐div ...
Guillermo L. Florez‐Montero; Renata L. Muylaert; Marcelo R. Nogueira; Cullen Geiselman; Sharlene E. Santana; Richard D. Stevens; Marco Tschapka; Francisco A. Rodrigues; Marco A. R. Mello
... Data papers and open databases have revolutionized contemporary science, as they provide the long‐needed incentive to collaborate in large international teams and make natural history information widely available. Nevertheless, most data papers have focused on species occurrence or abundance, whereas interactions have received much less attention. To help fill this gap, we have compiled a georefer ...
... The macronutrient requirements of the strictly related pine marten (Martes martes) and stone marten (Martes foina) are almost identical, but, at range scale, in areas of putative sympatry (overlapping European ranges) the stone marten tends to be more frugivorous, which makes the contribution of carbohydrate energy to be higher than the target. In contrast, the macronutrient intake of the pine mar ...
... Opiine braconids are parasitoids of the immature stages of frugivorous tephritids. The female wasp lays her eggs into the eggs or larvae of the fruit fly host, where the immature wasp develops before emerging as a next‐generation adult from the now dead host pupal case. In support of a new generation of Australian fruit fly parasitoid research, this paper comprehensively reviews what is known abou ...
... Seed dispersal benefits plants and frugivores, and potentially drives co‐evolution, with consequences to diversification evidenced for, e.g., primates. Evidence for macro‐coevolutionary patterns in multi‐specific, plant‐animal mutualisms is scarce, and the mechanisms driving them remain unexplored. We tested for phylogenetic congruences in primate‐plant interactions and showed strong co‐phylogenet ...
... Plant sexual and breeding systems, temporal variations in sex expression, and herkogamy were investigated. Of the 294 plant species surveyed, 73.8% were hermaphroditic, 18.7% monoecious, and 7.5% dioecious. The frequency of adichogamy (71.7%) was higher than that of dichogamy (28.3%) in hermaphrodite and monoecious species, and protandry was more common than protogyny. There was a higher proportio ...
... Apex predators play key roles in food webs and their recovery can trigger trophic cascades in some ecosystems. Intra‐guild competition can reduce the abundances of smaller predators and perceived predation risk can alter their foraging behaviour thereby limiting seed dispersal by frugivorous carnivores. However, little is known about how plant–frugivore mutualisms could be disturbed in the presenc ...
... Prescribed fire is used extensively as a management tool in fire-adapted landscapes of the American West to maintain ecosystem structure and function while reducing wildfire risk. Seasonally specific prescribed fire is used by many Indigenous groups to increase the quality and quantity of cultural resources and promote desired patterns of habitat diversity. Traditionally, the Karuk and Yurok Tribe ...
... The loss of larger frugivores alters seed dispersal. Species reintroductions have been proposed as a strategy for reversing local disperser extinctions. However, their effects on ecological processes have seldom been assessed. Howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) have been reintroduced in Tijuca National Park, a defaunated Atlantic Forest fragment. We compared the fate of seeds dispersed by howlers t ...
birds; climate change; ecosystems; fire history; frugivores; functional diversity; rain forests; risk; vegetation structure; Australia
Abstract:
... Fire occurs naturally in many ecosystems and is predicted to increase in frequency and severity with climate change. The 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season was extreme, unprecedented in scale and severity, burning almost 19 million ha. This included half of the Gondwanan rainforests in eastern Australia, an ecosystem with no documented record of fire. We investigated the recovery of rainforest b ...
Ebolavirus; disease surveillance; fever; frugivores; monitoring; public health; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Abstract:
... Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a dangerous viral zoonotic hemorrhagic fever caused by a deadly pathogenic filovirus. Frugivorous bats are recognized as being the natural reservoir, playing a pivotal role in the epidemiological dynamics. Since its discovery in 1976, the disease has been shown to be endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). So far, thirteen outbreaks have occurred, and EV ...
... Animals may exploit habitat complexity in a myriad of ways, and a widespread pattern of habitat use is vertical stratification. In tropical forests, it often increases niche diversity for frugivorous birds, and it strongly influences seed dispersal and community persistence. Yet, most studies disregard intraspecific variations in the use of forest layers and their ecological and evolutionary conse ...
... In tropical forests, primary dispersal by animals is the most important form of seed dispersal. Dung beetles are secondary seed dispersers attracted to mammal feces. When they bury dung of frugivorous mammals, they move seeds to new sites, possibly protecting them from seed predation or pathogens, or moving to better micro‐climates and away from conspecifics. As a result, secondary dispersal by du ...
Dengue virus; Molossidae; Rousettus; Usutu virus; arboviruses; arthropods; blood; dengue; frugivores; humans; insectivores; population structure; public health; seroprevalence; serotypes; wildlife; Cameroon; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Guinea
Abstract:
... Background: Emergence of mosquito-borne arboviruses has caused significant public health burden. The life cycle of arboviruses comprises sylvatic and urban cycles, including a wildlife reservoir, a human host, and an arthropod vector. However, many questions remain on the sylvatic cycles of arboviruses. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of IgG antibodies to arboviruses of public health ...
... The establishment of extensive livestock systems in the Colombian Caribbean Region has historically generated a strong loss of the tropical dry forest (TDF) with negative effects on biodiversity. Currently, the implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) has been proposed with strategy to curb the loss of biodiversity caused by the conventional management system (CS). The objective was to evalua ...