U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject term gases Remove constraint Subject term: gases
Start Over

Search

12,155  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 50 of 12,155 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. A Way of Sampling Soil Gases in Dense Subsoils, and some of Its Advantages and Limitations

Author:
Damon Boynton; Walter Reuther
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1939 v.3 no.C pp. 37-42
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aeration; bottles; carbon dioxide; gases; mercury; soil air; soil heterogeneity; soil texture
Abstract:
... Summary and ConclusionsAlthough it is being used successfully in light soils, the method described in this paper is particularly valuable for seasonal studies of the aeration of dense subsoils. Use of the sampling well makes it possible to obtain samples of gases when these subsoils are almost saturated with water and it is impossible to get samples by other methods. The fact that the sampling loc ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1939.036159950003000C0007x

2. Factors affecting the resistance of the flour beetle, tribolium confusum duv., to hydrogen cyanide1

Author:
GOUGH, H.C.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 1939 v.26 no.3 pp. 533-571
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Tribolium confusum; adults; cotton; eggs; flour; fumigants; fumigation; gases; hydrogen cyanide; insects; metabolism; progeny; pupae; toxic substances; toxicity
Abstract:
... 1 Two types of apparatus for exposing insects to known concentrations of toxic gases, under controlled conditions, were constructed and are described. 2 The relative resistance of different stages of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duv., to hydrogen cyanide was determined, the results being treated by Bliss's method. The order of resistance was pupa (most resistant), adult, larva, egg. The di ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1939.tb06988.x

3. A Theory on the Soil Atmosphere in and around a Hemisphere in Which Soil Gases Are Used or Released

Author:
C. H. M. van Bavel
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1952 v.16 no.2 pp. 150-153
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
gases; partial pressure; root systems; soil air
Abstract:
... If the root system of a plant is taken as approximately hemispherical it is of interest to compute the distribution of partial pressures of soil gases. This can be done by assuming that these gases are taken up, or released, at a constant rate throughout the hemisphere and also that the physical condition of the soil with regard to diffusion is uniform. Inside the hemisphere the solution is a simp ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1952.03615995001600020010x

4. A Diffusion-Equilibrium Method for Obtaining Soil Gases under Field Conditions

Author:
George S. Taylor; J. H. Abrahams
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1953 v.17 no.3 pp. 201-206
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
absorption; equations; gases; laboratory experimentation; mass flow; mixing; oxygen; partial pressure; soil air; soil depth; soil water content
Abstract:
... A soil gas sample obtained by mass flow of gases may not be representative of the point sampled because of mixing with gases from other soil depths or from the atmosphere. The authors have investigated a method which eliminates this error and which is based on the diffusion of gases between a point in the soil to a collection chamber via a tube tightly fitted in the soil. A physical analysis and l ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1953.03615995001700030005x

5. A Theory of Flame-Retardant Finishes

Author:
Irvin M. Gottlieb
Source:
Textile research journal 1956 v.26 no.2 pp. 156-167
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
cellulose; durability; fabrics; finishes; flame retardants; flammability; gases; halogens; laundry; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A survey of the newer flame retardants suggests a simple theory for their constitu tion. The molecule should be water-insoluble to achieve durability in laundering. A solvent-soluble organic molecule is therefore proposed. The ortho-phosphate group should be present in the molecule to dehydrate catalytically the cellulose substrate. The molecule should contain polymerizable groups to effect a perm ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755602600213

6. Electric Network Analog Study of Viscous Flow Normal to Parallel, Evenly Spaced Cylinders

Author:
J. Lowen Shearer
Source:
Textile research journal 1959 v.29 no.6 pp. 467-476
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
electrical resistance; equations; fabrics; flow resistance; gases; porosity; prediction; textile fibers
Abstract:
... In connection with the study of viscous flow of liquids and gases between textile fibers, an electric resistance network analog was employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for creeping flow normal to an infinite array of circular cylinders arranged in a hexagonal pattern. The results of the analog study predict flow resistances approximately four times as great as those measured with real pa ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755902900602

7. Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from Nitrogen Fertilized Soils Measured With Infrared and Mass Spectroscopy

Author:
R. A. Schwartzbeck; J. M. MacGregor; E. L. Schmidt
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1961 v.25 no.3 pp. 186-189
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
ammonium; ammonium chloride; ammonium nitrate; fertilizers; gases; infrared spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; nitric acid; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; soil properties; soil types; spectrometers; urea
Abstract:
... The evolution of nitrogen gases from four soils was studied by total soil nitrogen analysis, the mass spectrometer with N¹⁵-labeled nitrogen carriers, and with infrared spectroscopy. The type and amount of nitrogen gas evolved was influenced by a number of factors. Soil type was important in that the Nicollet and Fargo soils resulted in the evolution of more N₂ and N₂O than did the Fayette and Lar ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500030014x

8. Organic Matter Decomposition as Influenced by Oxygen Level and Flow Rate of Gases in the Constant Aeration Method

Author:
J. F. Parr; H. W. Reuszer
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1962 v.26 no.6 pp. 552-556
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aeration; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide production; gases; laboratory experimentation; microbial activity; organic matter; oxygen; soil; wheat straw
Abstract:
... Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the rate of decomposition of wheat straw added to soil when continuous aeration was conducted with N₂-O₂ gas mixtures containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 21% oxygen at flow rates of ⅛, ¼, ½, 1, and 2 liters per hour. Rates of decomposition and total decomposition were followed by determination of wheat straw carbon evolved as CO₂. Total decompos ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1962.03615995002600060012x

9. 6,6′-Disulfide Cross-Links in Cotton Cellulose; Part II: Effects of Different Cross-Linking Conditions

Author:
Robert F. Schwenker; Leonard Lifland
Source:
Textile research journal v.33 no.2 pp. 107-117
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
cellulose; cotton; cotton fabric; crosslinking; gases; oxidation; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The effects of covalent, intermolecular cross-linking resulting from the introduction into cellulose of thio (SH) groups which are subsequently oxidized to form disulfide (S—S) linkages between the cellulose chains are discussed. When the reactions described herein are carried out on cotton fabrics, there is enhanced wet and/or dry wrinkle recovery, depending upon the mode of thio group oxidation. ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756303300203

10. Sequence of Products Formed During Denitrification in Some Diverse Western Soils

Author:
Grant S. Cooper; R. L. Smith
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1963 v.27 no.6 pp. 659-662
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
acid soils; alfalfa; alkaline soils; denitrification; field capacity; gas chromatography; gases; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; potassium nitrate; temperature
Abstract:
... The sequential products of anaerobic denitrification were determined on seven Western soils (four alkaline, two acid, and one neutral) by soil and gas analysis. The soils with 1% alfalfa and added KNO₃ were incubated at moistures slightly greater than field capacity and with an atmosphere of He. The soils and gases were periodically analyzed and balance sheets prepared. The sequence of NO₃⁻ → NO₂⁻ ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700060027x

11. Nitrosation of Soil Organic Matter: I. Nature of Gases Evolved During Nitrous Acid Treatment of Lignins and Humic Substances

Author:
F. J. Stevenson; R. J. Swaby
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1964 v.28 no.6 pp. 773-778
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
acid treatment; aromatic acids; carbon dioxide; decarboxylation; ethers; fulvic acids; gases; lignin; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous acid; nitrous oxide; polyphenols; soil organic matter
Abstract:
... Manometric and infrared studies of the gaseous products formed by reacting HNO₂ with humic and fulvic acids, lignins. lignin-building units, and polyphenols showed the presence of N₂, N₂O, and CO₂. In addition, methyl nitrite (CH₃ONO) occurred in the gases obtained from lignins and certain phenolic derivatives. The CH₃ONO originated through dismutation of phenolic ethers; the CO₂ from decarboxylat ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800060027x

12. Oxygen Requirements of Cotton Seedling Roots for Penetration of Compacted Soil Cores

Author:
J. L. Tackett; R. W. Pearson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1964 v.28 no.5 pp. 600-605
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Gossypium; bulk density; carbon dioxide production; compacted soils; cotton; gases; oxygen; root growth; roots; seedlings; soil water content; subsoil; water uptake
Abstract:
... Cotton root growth and activity was determined at different levels of subsoil bulk density and O₂ concentration. Subsoil cores of desired bulk density were aerated leaving both the soil moisture content intact and the surface soil exposed to diffusion of gases from the atmosphere. Measurements of root growth and activity in the subsoils included depth of root penetration, root yield, water uptake, ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800050010x

13. A Semimicro Technique for Studying the Oxygen Content of Gases

Author:
Theron G. Sommerfeldt; Kenneth W. Knutson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1965 v.29 no.2 pp. 224-225
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
gases; oxygen; portable equipment; soil science
Abstract:
... A simple, compact, portable, and relatively durable instrument has been devised whereby the oxygen content of semimicro quantities of gases can be accurately and rapidly determined. A Beckman D-2 oxygen analyzer is connected to a vacuum pump via a 3-way valve in a way that the system can be evacuated. The evacuation process makes it possible to analyze a gas sample of less than 20 cc where 500- to ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900020034x

14. Root Growth Through Porous Media Under Controlled Conditions II. Effect of Aeration Levels and Rigidity

Author:
G. M. Aubertin; L. T. Kardos
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1965 v.29 no.4 pp. 363-365
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; gases; oxygen; porous media; root growth; root systems; seedlings; soil air
Abstract:
... The effect of four different compositions of aeration gases on the root growth of maize seedlings (Zea mays) grown in rigid and nonrigid systems of a given pore diameter was evaluated. Best root growth of maize seedlings occurred where the aerating gas contained 10% oxygen rather than 21%. Root growth at 5% oxygen and 21% oxygen were similar but at 2.5% oxygen root growth was markedly decreased. A ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900040007x

15. Nitrosation of Soil Organic Matter: II. Gas Chromatographic Separation of Gaseous Products

Author:
F. J. Stevenson; R. M. Harrison
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1966 v.30 no.5 pp. 609-612
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; charcoal; coconuts; gas chromatography; gases; hydrogen; nitric oxide; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; oxygen; soil; soil organic matter; sorption
Abstract:
... Gas chromatographic techniques were developed for separating and determining inorganic gases in experimental systems dealing with losses of soil N. A single column, consisting of acid-washed chromatographic-grade coconut charcoal, gave excellent resolution of H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, N₂O, and NO (or O₂). The sensitivity of the method for NO and CO was improved considerably by blocking sorption sites respo ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000050022x

16. Changes in Internal Atmosphere of Submersed Vascular Hydrophytes in Relation to Photosynthesis

Author:
Richard T. Hartman; Doris L. Brown
Source:
Ecology 1967 v.48 no.2 pp. 252-258
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
carbon dioxide; oxygen production; nitrogen; Ceratophyllum demersum; Elodea canadensis; light intensity; methane; carbon; oxygen; vascular plants; photosynthesis; gas chromatography; dissolved oxygen; aquatic plants; aquatic ecosystems
Abstract:
... Gases were extracted from the internal atmosphere of Elodea canadensis and Ceratophyllum demersum in a closed system under reduced pressure. The volume of extractable gases varied throughout the daily period. Gases separated and quantitatively measured by gas chromatography included CO₂, O₂, N₂, and CH₄. Results from diurnal studies showed a lag between peak values for dissolved oxygen in the surr ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933107

17. Irradiation induced gases in packaged foods. I. Identification and measurements

Author:
Pratt, G.B.; Kneeland, L.E.; Heiligman, F.; Killoran, J.J.
Source:
Journal of food science 1967 v.32 no.2 pp. 200-205
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
foods; food packaging; gamma radiation; dose response; temperature; gases
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.1967.tb01293.x

18. Soil Atmosphere as Influenced by Temperature and Moisture

Author:
M. Yamaguchi; W. J. Flocker; F. D. Howard
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1967 v.31 no.2 pp. 164-167
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
carbon dioxide; densitometers; gamma radiation; gas chromatography; gases; nitrogen; oxygen; sandy loam soils; soil air; soil water; soil water content; temperature
Abstract:
... Composition of the atmosphere of Yolo sandy loam soil columns was determined at different depths and different soil moisture conditions. After saturation with water, soil columns were placed in 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10C constant temperature rooms and moisture was allowed to evaporate from the soil surface. Soil moisture content was determined with a gamma-ray densitometer; CO₂, O₂, and N₂ concentrati ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1967.03615995003100020008x

19. Dense gas chromatography at pressures to 2000 atmospheres

Author:
Giddings, J.C.; Myers, M.N.; King, J.W.
Source:
Journal of chromatographic science 1969 v.7 no.5 pp. 276-283
ISSN:
0021-9665
Subject:
gas chromatography; gases; density; pressure
DOI:
10.1093/chromsci/7.5.276

20. Soil Perfusion under Controlled Conditions of Soil Moisture Content and Soil Atmospheric Composition

Author:
R. E. Wildung; J. W. Biggar; G. Chesters
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1969 v.33 no.5 pp. 813-814
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aqueous solutions; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric pressure; environmental factors; gases; soil water content
Abstract:
... A new soil perfusion system is described which allows the continuous recycling of an aqueous solution through a soil column under controlled environmental conditions. The system consists essentially of a perforated inner column for soil, jacketed by an outer column in which constant air pressure is maintained. Precise control of soil moisture content and soil atmospheric composition during perfusi ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300050051x

21. Nitrosation of Soil Organic Matter: III. Nature of Gases Produced by Reaction of Nitrite with Lignins, Humic Substances, and Phenolic Constituents Under Neutral and Slightly Acidic Conditions

Author:
F. J. Stevenson; R. M. Harrison; R. Wetselaar; R. A. Leeper
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1970 v.34 no.3 pp. 430-435
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
carbon dioxide; fulvic acids; gases; lignin; moieties; nitric oxide; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; oxygen; pH; polyphenols; soil; soil organic matter
Abstract:
... Molecular nitrogen, nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitric oxide (NO), and CO₂ were identified in the gases formed by reacting NO₂⁻ with soils, humic and fulvic acids, lignins, lignin-building units, and polyphenols in aqueous buffer solutions of pH 6 and 7 in the absence of oxygen. The composition of the mixture of gases was dependent upon the nature of the material examined, with relatively larger amounts ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400030024x

22. Release of Nitrogen by Burning Light Forest Fuels

Author:
D. S. DeBell; C. W. Ralston
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1970 v.34 no.6 pp. 936-938
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
ammonia; burning; combustion; forest fires; fuels (fire ecology); gases; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen content; organic matter; soil; sulfates; tree growth; volatilization
Abstract:
... Smokes produced by burning pine litter, green needles, and fuels of lower nitrogen content were drawn through dilute acid solutions which were then nesslerized in the presence and absence of titanous sulfate. Kjeldahl analyses of fuels and residues indicated that 62% of the nitrogen contained in pine litter and leaf materials was released by burning. No ammonia was detected in combustion gases. On ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400060033x

23. Simulation of Heat Transfer in Soils

Author:
P. J. Wierenga; C. T. de Wit
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1970 v.34 no.6 pp. 845-848
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
computer simulation; computers; gases; heat transfer; irrigation; models; soil heat flux; soil profiles; soil temperature; subsoil; thermal conductivity
Abstract:
... A computer model was developed to predict the temperature fluctuation in subsoil from the temperature variation at the soil surface, taking into account changes in the apparent thermal conductivity with depth below soil surface and soil temperature. The model makes use of S/360 CSMP, a recently developed simulation language for digital computers. Predicted soil temperatures were compared with soil ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400060012x

24. A Compensating Method for Measuring Carbon Dioxide Exchange, Transpiration, and Diffusive Resistance of Plants under Controlled Environmental Conditions

Author:
F. A. Bazzaz; J. S. Boyer
Source:
Ecology 1972 v.53 no.2 pp. 343-349
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Ambrosia trifida; carbon dioxide; environmental factors; gases; leaf area; leaves; light intensity; mesophyll; photosynthesis; relative humidity; temperature; transpiration; wind speed
Abstract:
... A semi—closed compensating system is described for measuring CO₂ exchange and transpiration simultaneously under controlled environmental conditions. The compensating feature permits conditions in the assimilation chamber to be kept uniform and within narrow limits. Temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, wind speed, and light intensity may be varied within the system. Since ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934091

25. Chemical and Thermal Aspects of Pesticide Disposal

Author:
M. V. Kennedy; B. J. Stojanovic; F. L. Shuman
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1972 v.1 no.1 pp. 63-65
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonia; biphenyl; chlorine; gases; hydrochloric acid; hydrogen sulfide; liquids; lithium; nitric acid; pesticide formulations; sodium; toxicity
Abstract:
... Pesticides, when treated with sodium biphenyl reagent, were decomposed to the extent of 80 to 99%. However, when these compounds were treated with a mixture of metallic sodium and liquid ammonia, 15 of the 19 compounds were completely degraded. When metallic lithium was substituted for metallic sodium, the mixture was less effective but still completely degraded 8 of 19 compounds. The decompositio ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100010015x

26. Headspace gas analysis of salad oils by mass spectrometry

Author:
Evans, C.D.; Selke, E.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1972 v.49 no.2 pp. 106-110
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
argon (noble gases); vegetable oil; soybean oil; cottonseed oil; corn oil; food packaging; gases; nitrogen; oxygen; carbon dioxide; salads; food quality; headspace analysis; spectral analysis; mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... A mass spectrometer was used to analyze the content of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon in headspace gas of commercially packaged soybean, cottonseed and corn salad oils. A leakproof sampling system was designed to avoid air contamination and obtain a representative headspace gas sample. Some edible oils are packaged under pure nitrogen, whereas other samples contained various ...
Handle:
10113/31188
DOI:
10.1007/BF02612638

27. Impact of Wetting on Microbial Respiration in Desert Soil

Author:
A. N. Macgregor
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.5 pp. 851-852
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
air drying; carbon dioxide; desert soils; gases; oxygen; potassium cyanide; rain; respiratory quotient; Sonoran Desert
Abstract:
... When naturally air-dried soil from the surface layer of the Sonoran Desert was brought into contact with water, there was an immediate release of gases. Carbon dioxide was identified as a major gas component and was released in amounts equivalent to 50µliter/g of dry soil. It was estimated that following rainfall the air-layer above natural areas of desert may temporarily experience up to a ten-fo ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600050045x

28. Detection of Carbonyl Sulfide and Other Gases Emanating from Beef Cattle Manure

Author:
L. F. Elliott; T. A. Travis
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1973 v.37 no.5 pp. 700-702
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
basins; beef cattle; carbonyl sulfide; cattle manure; composts; feedlots; gases; headspace analysis; hydrogen sulfide; methane; soil profiles
Abstract:
... Carbonyl sulfide (COS) was detected in the headspace above anaerobic columns of fresh manure and feedlot compost. One-tenth ng S/ml of the compound was detected in gases from a debris basin and soil profile of a feedlot also. Carbonyl sulfide has not been reported from these sources previously. During the first 24 hours of anaerobic incubation, COS appeared above the manure. The concentration exce ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1973.03615995003700050022x

29. Modified Laboratory Silo Unit for Studying the Fermentation of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain

Author:
Michael M. Danley; R. L. Vetter; W. F. Wedin
Source:
Agronomy journal 1973 v.65 no.4 pp. 621-624
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; aerobic conditions; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide production; corn; fermentation; formic acid; gases; nitrogen; rumen fermentation; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Four experiments were conducted to evaulate a modified laboratory silo apparatus. The design of the laboratory system is such that the effects of light, temperature, and pressure on fermentation can be studied simultaneously or independently. Temperature within the thermostatically controlled cabinet varied 0.5 with no cooling mechanism, regardless of temperature setting. Air pressure was maintain ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500040028x

30. A Simple Gas Chromatographic Method for Separation of Gases in Soil Atmospheres

Author:
Alfred M. Blackmer; J. H. Baker; M. E. Weeks
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1974 v.38 no.4 pp. 689-690
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
carbon dioxide; gas chromatography; gases; methane; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; oxygen; soil; temperature
Abstract:
... A simple method is described for the separation of mixtures of CH₄, N₂O, CO₂, N₂, and O₂ in soil atmospheres using a single sample. This method uses two columns of Porapak Q at different temperatures but requires only one detector and recorder. Total analysis time is 23 min, but samples can be injected every 17 min without conflicting peaks. ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800040045x

31. A Simple and Quantitative Greenhouse-Laboratory Method for Injecting Gases into Soils

Author:
Walter A. Hill; Hinrich L. Bohn
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1974 v.38 no.1 pp. 148-149
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
ammonia; gases; greenhouses; soil
Abstract:
... A simple, rapid, and safe procedure for measuring ammonia gas accurately and injecting it into soils is described. The apparatus is easily assembled from readily available and inexpensive materials and could be used for many gases. The method is useful for laboratory, greenhouse, and classroom work. ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800010045x

32. Diurnal Fluctuation and Movement of Atmospheric Ammonia and Related Gases from Dairies

Author:
R. E. Luebs; K. R. Davis; A. E. Laag
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1974 v.3 no.3 pp. 265-269
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
absorption; air sampling; ammonia; cows; crops; dairies; diurnal variation; gases; soil; surface water; temperature inversion; volatilization; wastes; wind
Abstract:
... Simultaneous 24-hour air sampling, 0.8 km upwind from the nearest cows in a large dairy area (145,000 cows) and 11.2 km upwind from the dairy area, showed distillable N (mostly NH₃) concentrations of 190 and 6 µg/m³, respectively. An average distillable-N concentration of 540 µg/m³ was measured during a 24-hour sampling at the downwind corral fence of an isolated 600-cow dairy. These data indicate ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1974.00472425000300030017x

33. Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture Suction on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils

Author:
C. J. Gerard
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1974 v.38 no.3 pp. 506-509
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
gases; microbial growth; microirrigation; microorganisms; saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil permeability; soil water
Abstract:
... Studies were conducted to evaluate influences of antecedent soil moisture suction on saturated hydraulic conductivities of soils. These studies revealed that saturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil is a dynamic property which is markedly influenced by antecedent soil moisture suction. Antecedent soil moisture of ≤ 0.33 bar suction, such as is often practiced with trickle irrigation, caused mark ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800030034x

34. Land Disposal of Waste Gases: I. Flow Analysis of Gas Injection Systems

Author:
S. Miyamoto; A. W. Warrick; H. L. Bohn
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1974 v.3 no.1 pp. 49-55
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
gases; pipes; soil; wastes; wells
Abstract:
... The steady-state flow of gases in soils is analyzed mathematically from the view of land disposal of waste gases. Gas injection systems considered include ditches, buried pipes, and wells. The systems are compared on the basis of two criteria (i) how effectively the power is used (power efficiency), and (ii) how uniformly is the gas distributed through soils (uniformity). Often the two criteria ar ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1974.00472425000300010015x

35. Land Disposal of Waste Gases: II. Gas Flow from Buried Pipes

Author:
A. W. Warrick; S. Miyamoto
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1974 v.3 no.1 pp. 55-60
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
gases; geometry; pipes; soil; valleys; wastes
Abstract:
... Steady-state compressible gas flow in homogeneous soils from buried porous pipes is analyzed for the purpose of developing land disposal systems for waste gases. Two different cases are considered (i) the ground surface is partially covered by an impermeable barrier, and (ii) the surface is corrugated with alternating ridges and valleys with the pipe buried under the ridges. The partial surface ba ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1974.00472425000300010016x

36. Identification of Sulfur Gases Evolved from Animal Manures

Author:
W. L. Banwart; J. M. Bremner
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1975 v.4 no.3 pp. 363-366
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Sus scrofa; aerobic conditions; anaerobic conditions; animal manures; beef cattle; biodegradation; carbon disulfide; carbonyl sulfide; chickens; dairy cattle; dimethyl disulfide; dimethyl sulfide; gas chromatography; gases; hydrogen sulfide; methanethiol; odors; sheep; sulfur; swine; volatilization
Abstract:
... Evolution of volatile sulfur compounds from animal manures [beef cattle (Bos taurus), dairy cattle (Bos taurus), poultry (Gallus domesticus), sheep (Ovis aries), and swine (Sus scrofa)] was studied by gas chromatographic techniques permitting detection and identification of trace (nanogram) amounts of sulfur gases in the presence of nonsulfur gases known to be released through microbial decomposit ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1975.00472425000400030017x

37. Chemical Reduction of Nitrate by Ferrous Iron

Author:
R. J. Buresh; J. T. Moraghan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1976 v.5 no.3 pp. 320-325
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonium; chemical reduction; copper; gases; helium; iron; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitric oxide; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; pH
Abstract:
... Knowledge concerning the chemical reduction of NO₃⁻ to gaseous products, a process of potential practical significance as an antipollution device, is sparse. The influence of pH on chemical reduction of NO₃⁻-N (approximate concentration 25 ppm) by Fe²⁺ in the presence and absence of Cu²⁺ was studied over a pH range from 6 to 10. After 24-hours of controlled pH incubations under a helium atmosphere ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1976.00472425000500030021x

38. Effect of Microorganisms on the Sorption and Fate of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide in Soil

Author:
William C. Ghiorse; Martin Alexander
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1976 v.5 no.3 pp. 227-230
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
gases; microorganisms; nitrates; nitrites; nitrogen dioxide; organic matter; pollutants; pollution control; soil; sorption; sulfates; sulfur; sulfur dioxide
Abstract:
... Sulfur dioxide was rapidly removed from the gas phase in contact with both nonsterile and sterile soil so that viable microorganisms are not directly involved in removal of this pollutant from the atmosphere. Sulfate was formed from the SO₂ in nonsterile and sterile soil. About one-fourth of the sulfur from the SO₂ introduced was not recovered in inorganic form, but the recovery was quantitative i ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1976.00472425000500030002x

39. Nitrite Decomposition in Flooded Soil Under Different pH and Redox Potential Conditions

Author:
O. Van Cleemput; W. H. Patrick; R. C. McIlhenny
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1976 v.40 no.1 pp. 55-60
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
gases; mass spectrometry; mercuric chloride; nitric oxide; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous acid; nitrous oxide; pH; redox potential; soil
Abstract:
... Nitrite decomposition products were studied in a flooded soil suspension maintained under different pH and redox potential conditions. The effect of a sterilant, HgCl₂, on nitrite breakdown was also investigated. Soil suspensions were incubated for several days with the pH maintained at 4.5, 6, and 8 and the redox potential maintained at 0 and + 200 mV. Nitrite was then added to the suspensions an ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000010018x

40. Nitrogen Fixation by Intact Annual Rangeland Species in Soil

Author:
Charles E. Vaughn; Milton B. Jones
Source:
Agronomy journal 1976 v.68 no.4 pp. 561-564
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus; Trifolium subterraneum; acetylene reduction; annuals; diurnal variation; dry matter accumulation; ethylene; ethylene production; fallow; fertilizer rates; flowering; forage; gases; grasses; growing season; nitrogen content; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; rain; rangelands; rhizosphere; rubber; seed development; soil; soil biota; syringes
Abstract:
... The acetylene reduction technique is widely used as an assay of N₂ fixation, but its application to intact N₂-fixing systems in soil has been limited. The purpose of this research was to develop methods suitable for short-duration assays of entire nitrogenase systems and to utilize these methods in studies of N₂ fixation by annual rangeland species growing intact in potted soil. Experiments conduc ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800040007x

41. The Critical Oxygen Pressures for Respiration in Intact Plants

Author:
W. ARMSTRONG; T. J. GAYNARD
Source:
Physiologia plantarum 1976 v.37 no.3 pp. 200-206
ISSN:
0031-9317
Subject:
cortex; platinum; gases; submergence; aeration; porosity; stele; models; electrodes; Eriophorum; polarography; root meristems; oxygen; leaves
Abstract:
... Two methods for determining critical respiratory oxygen pressure in whole plants are described. By a polarographic method involving the use of cylindrical platinum electrodes the following critical oxygen pressures for root respiration were found: Rice (cv. Norin 36). 0.024 atm: Rice (cv. Norm 37). 0.026 atm: Eriophorum angustifolium. 0.02 atm. These values contrast markedly with those obtained in ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb03958.x

42. Acceptance and utilization by swine of aflatoxin contaminated corn treated with aqueous or gaseous ammonia

Author:
Jensen, A.H.; Brekke, O.L.; Frank, G.R.; Peplinski, A.J.
Source:
Journal of animal science 1977 v.45 no.1 pp. 8-12
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
gases; aqueous solutions; feed conversion; aflatoxin B1; microbial contamination; corn; liveweight gain; feed contamination; anhydrous ammonia; feed intake; palatability; chemical treatment; swine
Abstract:
... In 4 experiments 356 crossbred pigs weighing initially 20 to 63 kg were given diets which contained maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 36, 39 or 90 mu g/kg and which had been treated with aqueous or gaseous ammonia to decrease the aflatoxin to amounts not detectable by chemical analysis. The maize was ground and mixed with a supplement based on soya bean oilmeal with 42% protein to pro ...
Handle:
10113/29446

43. Analysis of the Dye Transfer Mechanism in Heat Transfer Printing

Author:
Emery J. Gorondy
Source:
Textile research journal v.47 no.9 pp. 604-615
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
dyes; fabrics; gases; heat transfer; models; sublimation; temperature; textile fibers
Abstract:
... Analysis of the dye transfer mechanism in heat transfer printing reveals the following sequence: sublimation, diffusion in the gas phase, supersaturation, condensation on the fiber surface, and diffusion in the fiber phase. A dye transfer model is presented with a detailed analysis of the “rate-controlling” mechanism and the effects of dwell time, transfer temperature, and pressure. Also, examples ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051757704700905

44. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Soil Atmospheres

Author:
A. M. Blackmer; J. M. Bremner
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1977 v.41 no.5 pp. 908-912
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
argon (noble gases); carbon dioxide; detectors; gas chromatography; gases; helium; ionization; methane; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; soil; streams; temperature; thermal conductivity; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... A gas chromatographic procedure is described that permits rapid, specific, and precise determination of N₂, O₂, Ar, CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and other gases in soil atmospheres. It involves use of an ultrasonic detector and two columns of Porapak Q at different temperatures, and it does not require temperature programming, column conditioning, stream splitting, column switching, or switching of recorder pol ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050019x

45. The Corona Treatment of Cotton : Part I: Sliver Cohesion

Author:
G. M. Abbott
Source:
Textile research journal v.47 no.2 pp. 141-144
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
cohesion; cotton; fabrics; gases; temperature; textile fibers; water content
Abstract:
... The cohesion or drafting force of cotton card sliver was enhanced by corona-discharge treatments. The level of treatment increased with the power in the corona, the number of corona zones, the number of passes through the corona apparatus, and the temperature of the cotton, but decreased with the moisture content of the cotton. Four different gases used in the corona reactor produced the same incr ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051757704700212

46. Algal calcification in some codiaceae (chlorophyta): ultrastructure and location of skeletal deposits1, 2

Author:
Lothar Böhm; Dieter Fütterer; Elfriede Kaminski
Source:
Journal of phycology 1978 v.14 no.4 pp. 486-493
ISSN:
0022-3646
Subject:
Halimeda; Penicillus; Rhipocephalus; Rhodophyta; Udotea; calcification; calcium carbonate; calcium oxalate; carbon dioxide; cell walls; cobalt; cortex; cytoplasm; direct contact; gases; oxygen; seawater; solutes; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... The capitular filaments of Penicillus and Rhipocephalus consist of an inner tube containing the cytoplasm and an outer calcified sheath. The sheath originates at the cell wall and differentiates into several layers which form the outer filament wall. CaCO₃ is deposited between organic layers within the sheath and is not in direct contact with the seawater. Pores within the sheath, usually uncalcif ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1529-8817.1978.tb02474.x

47. Ammonia Volatilization Losses from Flooded Rice Soils

Author:
D. S. Mikkelsen; S. K. De Datta; W. N. Obcemea
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1978 v.42 no.5 pp. 725-730
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
algae; ammonia; ammonium; carbon dioxide; clay; diurnal variation; gases; heterotrophs; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; pH; paddies; photosynthesis; rice soils; solutes; total nitrogen; volatilization
Abstract:
... The pH of the flood water in rice fields is largely determined by the chemical equilibria that exist between the CO₂ balance achieved by the aquatic biota and the various solutes, solids, and gases in the water. Water pH values undergo diurnal changes, increasing by midday to values as high as pH 9.5–10 and decreasing as much as 2–3 pH units during the night. The pH of shallow flood water is great ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200050014x

48. Ammonia Volatilization Reaction Mechanism Between Ammonium Sulfate and Carbonate Systems

Author:
S. E. Feagley; L. R. Hossner
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1978 v.42 no.2 pp. 364-367
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
ammonia; ammonium carbonate; ammonium sulfate; barium carbonate; calcium carbonate; carbon dioxide; gases; magnesium carbonate; pH; reaction mechanisms; silt loam soils; volatilization
Abstract:
... The mechanism by which NH₃ is lost in the reaction between (NH₄)₂ SO₄ and CaCO₃, BaCO₃, MgCO₃, and a calcareous Norwood silt loam soil was investigated. Results obtained in the laboratory indicated that the reaction proceeded through an NH₄HCO₃ intermediate. The ratio of NH₃ to CO₂ volatilized approached a 2:1 ratio of NH₃/CO₂ gases for the first 2 to 6 hours of the reaction. It then decreased to ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200020032x

49. Field Measurement of Denitrification: I. Flux of N2 and N2O

Author:
D. E. Rolston; D. L. Hoffman; D. W. Toy
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1978 v.42 no.6 pp. 863-869
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Lolium; Xerorthents; application rate; denitrification; gases; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrous oxide; potassium nitrate; samplers; soil air; soil temperature; soil water; soil water content; sprinkler irrigation; stable isotopes; tensiometers; thermocouples
Abstract:
... Absolute amounts and rates of denitrification from a Yolo loam (Typic Xerorthents) field profile were studied in relation to the influence of soil-water content, organic C source, and soil temperature. Field plots were intensely instrumented with soil atmosphere samplers, tensiometers, and thermocouples. Soil-water contents were maintained constant with a spray irrigation system activated at frequ ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200060004x

50. Denitrification in Freshwater Wetland Soil

Author:
M. S. Bartlett; L. C. Brown; N. B. Hanes; N. H. Nickerson
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1979 v.8 no.4 pp. 460-464
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonium nitrogen; denitrification; freshwater; gases; leaching; nitrate nitrogen; nitrate reduction; nitrates; organic nitrogen; soil water; surface water; wastewater; water supply; wetland soils; wetlands
Abstract:
... The application of secondary treated waste water to fresh water wetlands has received recent attention as a tertiary treatment method. The fate of nitrate nitrogen in such applications is of concern because of the potential for leaching into ground and surface water supplies. Nitrate removal in wetland soil-water suspensions was studied using a Warburg Respirometer. All important pathways of nitra ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800040004x