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1. Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide

Author:
Zheng, Y.W.; Zhang, J.Y.; Zhou, H.B.; Guo, Y.P.; Ma, Q.G.; Ji, C.; Zhao, L.H.
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.11 pp. 5389-5398
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Escherichia coli; blood serum; body weight; broiler chickens; cages; catalase; duodenum; enzyme activity; feed additives; gene expression; glutathione peroxidase; inflammation; interleukin-10; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharides; liver; messenger RNA; oxidants; oxidative stress; poultry production; protective effect; quinones; superoxide dismutase; villi
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na₂) on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a complete randomized design experiment was used to study the effect of dietary PQQ·Na₂ (0 or 1 mg/kg) on broiler chickens with or with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.007

2. Effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure in primary bovine ruminal epithelial cells

Author:
Kent-Dennis, C.; Aschenbach, J.R.; Griebel, P.J.; Penner, G.B.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.10 pp. 9587-9603
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Holstein; Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4; beef cattle; bulls; calves; cell viability; chemokine CXCL2; endotoxins; epithelial cells; flow cytometry; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; inflammation; interleukin-7; interleukin-8; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; propidium; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transcription (genetics); tumor necrosis factors; yearlings
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate whether cultured ruminal epithelial cells (REC) responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and determine whether LPS induced a proinflammatory response. Primary bovine REC were isolated and grown in culture for 2 studies. In study 1, REC were isolated from Holstein bull calves (n = 8) and grown in culture for 10 to 12 d. Cells were then exposed ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2020-18652

3. Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC-5897) Inhibits Escherichia coli Impaired Intestinal Barrier Function by Modulating the Host Tight Junction Gene Response

Author:
Bhat, Mohd Iqbal; Sowmya, Kandukuri; Kapila, Suman; Kapila, Rajeev
Source:
Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 2020 v.12 no.3 pp. 1149-1160
ISSN:
1867-1306
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; food additives; foodborne illness; gastrointestinal diseases; gene expression; genes; human cell lines; intestines; messenger RNA; occludins; phenolsulfonphthalein; probiotics; tight junctions
Abstract:
... Probiotic as a preventive medicine is emerging as an indispensable tool in addressing the foodborne infections or gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was sought to determine the in vitro prophylactic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR: MTCC-5897) against Escherichia coli (ATCC 14948) induced impairment in intestinal barrier function using Caco-2 cells. Intestinal cells ex ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12602-019-09608-8

4. Molecular characterization and biological function of a tandem-repeat galectin-9 in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus

Author:
Wang, Li; Zhang, Jie; Zhao, Xianliang; Pei, Chao; Li, Li; Kong, Xianghui
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2020 v.103 pp. 366-376
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Carassius auratus; Escherichia coli; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; amino acids; beta-glucans; binding capacity; complementary DNA; erythrocytes; fungi; galectins; gene expression; immune response; kidneys; lipopolysaccharides; liver; messenger RNA; open reading frames; peptidoglycans; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; rabbits; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; spleen; tissues
Abstract:
... Galectin-9, as one of the important PRRs in host, could initiate the immune defense responses through recognizing and binding PAMPs on the surface of invading microorganisms. In this study, a new galectin-9 cDNA was identified and characterized in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus (named as CaGal-9). The complete cDNA sequence of CaGal-9 was 1318 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 963 bp en ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.054

5. Short communication: Effects of moringa extract on adhesion and invasion of Escherichia coli O55 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Author:
Cheng, W.N.; Jeong, C.H.; Kim, D.H.; Han, S.G.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.8 pp. 7416-7424
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Moringa; Serratia liquefasciens; Staphylococcus simulans; adhesion; antibacterial properties; antioxidant activity; antioxidant enzymes; bacterial adhesion; cattle; epithelial cells; gene expression; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing); in vivo studies; leaf extracts; leaves; mammary glands; messenger RNA; minimum inhibitory concentration; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of extract derived from moringa leaves. In particular, the effect of moringa extract (Mor) on adhesion and invasion of Escherichia coli O55, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus simulans, and Serratia liquefaciens was evaluated in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Broth microdilution method, minimum inhibitory concent ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-17774

6. Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets

Author:
Liu, Guangmang; Mo, Weiwei; Cao, Wei; Wu, Xianjian; Jia, Gang; Zhao, Hua; Chen, Xiaoling; Wu, Caimei; Wang, Jing
Source:
RSC advances 2020 v.10 no.45 pp. 26709-26716
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Bifidobacterium; Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus; absorption barrier; alanine; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; bacteria; catalase; cecum; choline; creatine; digesta; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; gene expression; glutamic acid; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; homeostasis; ileum; immunity; intestinal microorganisms; lactic acid; lysine; messenger RNA; milk; myosin light chain kinase; occludins; phenylalanine; piglets; serine; spermine; threonine; tissues; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this stu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ra10406b

7. Alterations of peripheral gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis as a model for inflammation in horses

Author:
Page, Allen E.; Adam, Emma; Stewart, John C.; Gonzales, Christopher; Barker, Virginia; Horohov, David W.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2020 v.225 pp. 110058
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Toll-like receptor 4; amyloid; analysis of variance; blood serum; chemokine CCL8; detection limit; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; horses; inflammation; interleukin-10; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-8; lameness; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; mixed breeds; models; synovitis; transcription (genetics); tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... While the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation has been well described in the horse, the object of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated intra-articular LPS injections and determine whether this method may be of use to assess changes in gene expression related to inflammation. Six mixed breed horses were utilized for this study, with three horses aged 10−17 years (old ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110058

8. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Author:
Bai, Huifang; Cao, Yizhen; Chen, Yunqiu; Zhang, Lingmin; Wu, Chunyun; Zhan, Ximei; Cheng, Mei
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2020 v.153 pp. 1136-1146
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Parastrongylus cantonensis; adults; amino acids; bioinformatics; cDNA libraries; cathepsin L; complementary DNA; enzyme activity; females; fibrinogen; gelatin; gene expression; genes; heterologous gene expression; humans; immune evasion; immunoglobulin G; messenger RNA; molecular cloning; molecular weight; nutrition; open reading frames; pH; parasites; pathogenesis; sequence alignment; uterus
Abstract:
... Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasitic nematode dwelling in the heart and pulmonary arteries of rats, which can cause angiostrongyliasis in human by accidental infections, manifested as eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Cysteine proteases are the major class of endopeptidases that are expressed at a high level in A. cantonensis, which suggests it may play key roles in pathogenesi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.243

9. Detection of β-defensins and Other Antibacterial Peptides in P-glycoprotein Expressing Human Gastrointestinal Cell Lines and Their Secretions

Author:
Warrier, A.; Crowe, A.
Source:
Applied biochemistry and microbiology 2020 v.56 no.3 pp. 273-284
ISSN:
0003-6838
Subject:
Escherichia coli; P-glycoproteins; antimicrobial peptides; antimicrobial properties; bacterial adhesion; gastrointestinal system; gene expression; human cell lines; humans; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; microorganisms; molecular weight; pregnanes; rifampicin; secretion
Abstract:
... Our laboratory has shown previously [1] that activity of surface P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was inversely associated with bacterial adhesion to the human gastrointestinal cell lines, Caco-2 and LS174T. To attempt a detailed analysis of the rationale for our observations, filtered conditioned medium, that contained only low molecular weight proteins, was taken from these human cell lines with or without ...
DOI:
10.1134/S0003683820030151

10. A tandem-repeat galectin-1 from Apostichopus japonicus with broad PAMP recognition pattern and antibacterial activity

Author:
Zhang, Chi; Xue, Zhuang; Yu, Zichao; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yu; Li, Huan; Wang, Lingling; Li, Chenghua; Song, Linsheng
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2020 v.99 pp. 167-175
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Apostichopus japonicus; Escherichia coli; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Komagataella pastoris; Mesocentrotus; Micrococcus luteus; Paracentrotus lividus; Vibrio splendidus; amino acid sequences; amino acids; antibacterial properties; carbohydrate binding; coelomocytes; digestive system; fish; fungi; galactose; galectins; gene expression; inflammation; integument; invertebrates; lipopolysaccharides; mannose; messenger RNA; muscles; open reading frames; pathogens; peptidoglycans; phylogeny; polypeptides; recombinant proteins; respiratory system
Abstract:
... Galectins belong to the family of carbohydrate-binding proteins and play major roles in the immune and inflammatory responses of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, one novel galectin-1 protein named AjGal-1 was identified from Apostichopus japonicas with an open reading frame of 1179 bp encoding a polypeptide of 392 amino acids. The deduced amino acids sequence of AjGal-1 co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.011

11. Dietary l-arginine supplementation ameliorates inflammatory response and alters gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Author:
Zhang, Beibei; Li, Guang; Shahid, Muhammad Suhaib; Gan, Liping; Fan, Hao; Lv, Zengpeng; Yan, Shaojia; Guo, Yuming
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.4 pp. 1862-1874
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
C-reactive protein; Escherichia coli; Firmicutes; Methylobacterium; Nitrosomonas; Ochrobactrum intermedium; Rhizobium; Rhodocyclaceae; Rubrobacter xylanophilus; Salmonella Typhimurium; arginine; blood serum; broiler chickens; diamine oxidase; diet; digesta; gene expression; gene expression regulation; histopathology; ileum; inflammation; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-17; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-8; intestinal microorganisms; jejunum; males; messenger RNA; ribosomal DNA; sequence analysis; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota of broiler chickens subjected to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. One hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres male birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including diet treatment (with or without 0.3% Arg supplementation) and i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.049

12. Progesterone inhibits inflammatory response in E.coli- or LPS-Stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells by NF-κB and MAPK pathways

Author:
Cui, Luying; Wang, Heng; Lin, Jiaqi; Wang, Yali; Dong, Junsheng; Li, Jun; Li, Jianji
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2020 v.105 pp. 103568
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Western blotting; anti-inflammatory activity; bacteria; bacterial infections; cattle; disease susceptibility; endometrium; epithelial cells; fluorescent antibody technique; gene expression; immune response; inflammation; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; mitogen-activated protein kinase; phosphorylation; progesterone; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transcription factor NF-kappa B; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Progesterone suppresses the innate immune function of bovine endometrium, making the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection. The bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEEC) are the first line of defense against bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) that causes inflammation of endometrium through the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2019.103568

13. Alteration of insulin signaling to control insect pest by using transformed bacteria expressing dsRNA

Author:
Al Baki, Abdullah; Jung, Jin Kyo; Kim, Yonggyun
Source:
Pest management science 2020 v.76 no.3 pp. 1020-1030
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Bacillus thuringiensis; Escherichia coli; Maruca testulalis; RNA interference; Vigna angularis; adults; bacteria; dose response; double-stranded RNA; gene expression; genes; genetic vectors; insect control; insect pests; insecticidal properties; insecticides; insulin; intestines; larvae; larval development; messenger RNA; mortality; oral administration; pupae; reproduction; somatomedins; toxicity
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) is known to mediate larval growth and adult reproduction in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Four IIS components (InR, FOXO, Akt, and TOR) play crucial roles in the IIS pathway. RESULTS: RNA interference (RNAi) against any of these four IIS component genes was effective in suppressing each target mRNA leve ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.5612

14. Dietary genistein supplementation improves intestinal mucosal barrier function in Escherichia coli O78-challenged broilers

Author:
Zhang, Ming; Kou, Jiao; Wu, Yujun; Wang, Mengmeng; Zhou, Xiumin; Yang, Ying; Wu, Zhenlong
Source:
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 2020 v.77 pp. 108267
ISSN:
0955-2863
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Western blotting; apoptosis; average daily gain; birds; blood serum; caspase-3; diet; fluorescein; gene expression; genes; genistein; growth performance; humans; interleukin-6; isothiocyanates; jejunum; males; messenger RNA; mortality; permeability; protective effect; protein content; proteins; secretion; serotypes; sodium chloride; thymus gland; tight junctions; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Genistein has multiple biological activities in both humans and animals. However, a protective effect of genistein on Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, a total of 288 1-day-old male Arbor Acre broilers fed a corn-soybean basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with 20 mg genistein/kg diet were subjected to E. coli ser ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108267

15. Lso-HPE1, an Effector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, Can Repress Plant Immune Response

Author:
Levy, Julien G.; Gross, Rachel; Mendoza-Herrera, Azucena; Tang, Xiaotian; Babilonia, Kevin; Shan, Libo; Kuhl, Joseph C.; Dibble, Margaret S.; Xiao, Fangming; Tamborindeguy, Cecilia
Source:
Phytopathology 2020 v.110 no.3 pp. 648-655
ISSN:
0031-949X
Subject:
Agrobacterium radiobacter; Apiaceae; Bactericera cockerelli; Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum; Escherichia coli; Nicotiana benthamiana; alkaline phosphatase; cell death; defense mechanisms; disease control; gene expression; haplotypes; immune response; messenger RNA; plant pathogenic bacteria; proteins; signal peptide; tomatoes; virulence
Abstract:
... ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is a plant pathogen affecting the families Solanaceae and Apiaceae in different parts of the world. ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is a Gram-negative, fastidious α-proteobacterium that is vectored by different psyllid species. Plant-pathogenic bacteria are known for interfering with the host physiology or defense mechanisms, often by secreting bacterial effectors. Eff ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHYTO-07-19-0252-R

16. Safety Assessment of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC-5898 in Murine Model after Repetitive Dose for 28 Days (Sub-Acute Exposure)

Author:
Samtiya, Mrinal; Bhat, Mohd Iqbal; Gupta, Taruna; Kapila, Suman; Kapila, Rajeev
Source:
Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 2020 v.12 no.1 pp. 259-270
ISSN:
1867-1306
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus fermentum; adverse effects; alanine transaminase; albino; animal models; aspartate transaminase; blood serum; body weight; cholesterol; creatinine; erythrocyte count; erythrocytes; functional foods; gene expression; glucose; health status; high density lipoprotein; histology; homeostasis; interferon-gamma; interleukin-12; interleukin-4; intestinal mucosa; intestinal secretions; lactate dehydrogenase; leukocytes; lipid composition; liver; low density lipoprotein; messenger RNA; mice; permeability; probiotics; safety assessment; transforming growth factor beta; triacylglycerols; urea; very low density lipoprotein; weanlings
Abstract:
... Safety assessment of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC-5898 (LF) with three doses (10⁷, 10⁹, and 10¹¹ cfu/day/animal) was carried on Swiss albino mouse weanlings for 28 days using oral route. Health status of animals was monitored by physical assessment of body weight, organ indices, and histological appearances of liver and intestine along with measurement of hematological parameters (Hb, WB ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12602-019-09529-6

17. Exploring bacterial pathogen community dynamics in freshwater beach sediments: A tale of two lakes

Author:
VanMensel, Danielle; Chaganti, Subba Rao; Droppo, Ian G.; Weisener, Christopher G.
Source:
Environmental microbiology 2020 v.22 no.2 pp. 568-583
ISSN:
1462-2912
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; bacterial contamination; beaches; community structure; freshwater; freshwater ecosystems; gene expression; genes; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; lakes; messenger RNA; microbial communities; microorganisms; models; pathogens; risk; sediment-water interface; sediments; virulence; virulent strains; water quality; Ontario
Abstract:
... Pathogenic bacteria associated with freshwater ecosystems can pose significant health risks particularly where recreational water use is popular. Common water quality assessments involve quantifying indicator Escherichia coli within the water column but neglect to consider physical and geochemical factors and contributions from the sediment. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing to inv ...
DOI:
10.1111/1462-2920.14860

18. Meloxicam affects the inflammatory responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells

Author:
Caldeira, M.O.; Bruckmaier, R.M.; Wellnitz, O.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10277-10290
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; amyloid; arachidonic acid; blood serum; bovine mastitis; cell viability; dairy cows; dose response; enzyme inhibition; epithelial cells; gene expression; immune response; immune system; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inflammation; interleukin-8; ligands; lipopolysaccharides; lipoteichoic acids; mammary glands; meloxicam; messenger RNA; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; pain; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; pathogens; prostaglandin synthase; prostaglandins; serotypes; therapeutics; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:
... Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as supportive therapy with antimicrobial treatments for mastitis in cows to alleviate pain of the inflamed mammary gland. They act mainly by inhibition of cyclooxygenases. Meloxicam (MEL) is a drug designed for cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity, which is upregulated upon inflammation, acting as a key enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostagl ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16630

19. Characterization of a new il-4/13 homologue in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its cooperation with M-CSF to promote macrophage proliferation

Author:
Yang, Kun; Feng, Shiyu; Zhang, Shengnan; Yin, Licheng; Zhou, Hong; Zhang, Anying; Wang, Xinyan
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2019 v.93 pp. 508-516
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Ctenopharyngodon idella; Escherichia coli; amino acids; arginase; brain; complementary DNA; enzyme activity; exons; fish; gene expression; gene expression regulation; interferon-gamma; interleukin-4; introns; kidneys; macrophage colony-stimulating factor; macrophages; messenger RNA; monocytes; nitric oxide; nucleotides; phylogeny; sequence alignment
Abstract:
... In this study, a new il-4/13 cDNA was isolated from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) using homologous cloning. The phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence showed that it was closer to grass carp il-4/13b (gcil-4/13b) than other homologues and therefore named gcil-4/13b-like (gcil-4/13bl). It has 399-nt coding sequence (CDS) which is less than gcil-4/13b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.070

20. Functional analysis and gene expression profiling of extracellular cathepsin Z in red sea bream, Pagrus major

Author:
Choi, Kwang-Min; Joo, Min-Soo; Cho, Dong-Hee; Han, Hyun-Ja; Kim, Myoung Sug; Cho, Mi Young; Jung, Sung Hee; Kim, Do-Hyung; Park, Chan-Il
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2019 v.93 pp. 208-215
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Edwardsiella piscicida; Escherichia coli; Iridovirus; Pagrus major; Paralichthys olivaceus; Streptococcus iniae; active sites; amino acid sequences; apoptosis; bacterial infections; cathepsin X; cysteine proteinases; flounder; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; glycosylation; homeostasis; immunology; leukocytes; messenger RNA; phylogeny; recombinant proteins; sequence alignment; spleen; tissues; viability
Abstract:
... Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that is known to be involved in the maintenance of homeostasis and the biological mechanisms of immune cells. In this study, we have confirmed the tissue specific expression of the cathepsin Z (PmCTSZ) gene in Pagrus major, and confirmed its biological function after producing recombinant protein using Escherichia coli (E. coli). Multiple sequenc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.030