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1. A cell-based PBM for continuous open-circuit dry milling: Impact of axial mixing, nonlinear breakage, and screen size

Author:
Nontawat Muanpaopong; Rajesh Davé; Ecevit Bilgili
Source:
Powder technology 2022 v.399 pp. 117099
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
dry milling; equations; mixing; models; particle size distribution; particles; powders; prediction; screening; yields
Abstract:
... This theoretical study examined the impact of the degree of mixing, nonlinear particle breakage, and screen opening size on the particle size distribution (PSD) and mass hold-up in continuous dry mills with internal classification. A cell-based population balance model (PBM) incorporating a non-ideal screen model was formulated, wherein the back-mixing ratio and number of cells modulated the exten ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117099

2. Assessment of models for velocity distribution in turbulent smooth-wall open channel flows

Author:
Meron Welderufael; Rafik Absi; Yannick Mélinge
Source:
ISH journal of hydraulic engineering 2022 v.28 no.S1 pp. 69-79
ISSN:
2164-3040
Subject:
buffers; differential equation; exhibitions; flow; hydraulic engineering; journals; kinetic energy; logging; methodology; mixing; models; surfaces; viscosity
Abstract:
... This study attempts to provide a more precise and comprehensive model for stream-wise velocities in turbulent smooth-wall open channel flows. Velocity profiles are obtained from the resolution of two ordinary differential equations. The first is derived from the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation while the second is from the equilibrium between turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) productio ...
DOI:
10.1080/09715010.2019.1677180

3. Cognitive resources to promote exploration in agroecological systems design

Author:
Maude Quinio; Laurence Guichard; Paola Salazar; Françoise Détienne; Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy
Source:
Agricultural systems 2022 v.196 pp. 103334
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
agroecosystems; cognition; cropping systems; design; ecosystem services; environmental knowledge; experimental design; farmers; guidelines; mixing; objectives; process design; prototypes; researchers; solutions; systems engineering; teachers; wills
Abstract:
... To support agroecological transition aimed at sharply reducing the use of synthetic inputs, agricultural systems must undergo in-depth change in which biological processes are enhanced with a view to providing ecosystem services. This transformation of the cropping systems requires design processes which should rely on the exploration of science-based and expert-based knowledge and of alternative ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103334

4. Dual-objective for the mechanism of membrane fouling in the early stage of filtration and determination of cleaning frequency: A novel combined model

Author:
Wei Yao; Lei Hou; Fan Wang; Zhan Wang; Hanmin Zhang
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2022 v.647 pp. 120315
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
cleaning; feeds; fouling; journals; microfiltration; mixing; model validation; prediction; simulation models; wastewater
Abstract:
... It is great importance to clarify the mechanism of the membrane fouling in the early stage of filtration. In this study, a novel model based on the loss of effective filtration area was established to predict the variation of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) at the constant flux mode. The coefficient of available membrane filtration area (ω) was adopted to describe the inflection point varying fro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120315

5. Effect of Phase Feeding, Space Allowance and Mixing on Productive Performance of Grower-Finisher Pigs

Author:
Jordi Camp Montoro; Joana Pessoa; David Solà-Oriol; Ramon Muns; Josep Gasa; Edgar Garcia Manzanilla
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
data analysis; diet; dieting; linear models; mixing; swine
Abstract:
... This study investigates the effects of space allowance (SA), mixing and phase feeding (PF) on performance of grower-finisher pigs. Three trials (T) were conducted. In T1 and T2, 345 pigs/trial were moved to finisher stage at 11 weeks of age and assigned to two SAs: 0.96 (n = 15 pens; 10 pigs/pen) and 0.78 (n = 15; 13 pigs/pen) m²/pig. Mixing was applied to 5 pens of each SA leading to a 2 × 2 fact ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12030390

6. Environmental policies in the presence of more than one externality and of strategic firms

Author:
Nahid Masoudi
Source:
Journal of environmental planning and management 2022 v.65 no.1 pp. 168-185
ISSN:
1360-0559
Subject:
environmental policy; journals; mixing; pollution control; subsidies; taxes
Abstract:
... We first study the optimality of a committed policy mix of tax and subsidy to control pollution when firms are involved in abatement technology R&D that is subject to knowledge spillovers. Then a comparison of tax and subsidy is provided when the policy mix is not available and the regulator can use only one single policy. Two different behavioral assumptions for the firms are examined: when firms ...
DOI:
10.1080/09640568.2021.1880380

7. Free carbonate-based molecules in the electrolyte leading to severe safety concerns of Ni-rich Li-ion batteries

Author:
Nattanon Joraleechanchai; Ruttiyakorn Donthongkwa; Nutthaphon Phattharasupakun; Salatan Duangdangchote; Poramane Chiochan; Kan Homlamai; Montree Sawangphruk
Source:
Chemical communications 2022 v.58 no.6 pp. 779-782
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chemical communication; electrolytes; ionic liquids; lithium batteries; mixing; salt concentration
Abstract:
... The safety of Li-ion batteries is one of the most important factors, if not the most, determining their practical applications. We have found that free carbonate-based solvent molecules in the hybrid electrolyte system can cause severe safety concerns. Mixing ionic liquids with a carbonate-based solvent as the co-solvent at a fixed salt concentration of 1 M LiPF₆ can lead to free carbonate-based m ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1cc06694c

8. Improved phase purity and film quality in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes by an additive with the trimethacrylate group

Author:
Xiaofeng Huang; Wu Liu; Wei Wang; Yao Lu; Jie Dong; Yueqiao Li; Dong Wei; Bo Qiao; Suling Zhao; Zheng Xu; Dandan Song
Source:
RSC advances 2022 v.12 no.5 pp. 3081-3089
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
additives; esters; light emitting diodes; mixing
Abstract:
... Quasi-2D perovskites are potential materials for optoelectronics like light-emitting diodes (LEDs); compared to their 3D counterparts, they are considered more stable against the atmosphere and more efficient in exciton confining. However, the simultaneous formation of different phases in the quasi-2D perovskite film, i.e., the phase impurity issue, lowers the device performance. We propose using ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1ra09040b

9. Numerical evaluation of the granular mixing behavior in a flighted rotary drum through the Discrete Element Method

Author:
Rafael R. Heilbuth; Gisele M. Souza; Dyrney A. Santos; Rodolfo J. Brandao; Marcos A.S. Barrozo; Claudio R. Duarte
Source:
Powder technology 2022 v.400 pp. 117251
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
drums (equipment); experimental design; flight; mathematical models; mixing; mixtures; particles; powders; technology
Abstract:
... A systematic investigation concerning the particle mixing behavior in a flighted rotary drum through experiments and numerical simulations using DEM was performed in this study. The DEM input parameters were calibrated herein based on experimental observations. The effects of the number of flights, the height of the flights, and the drum filling degree on the mixing performance were analyzed by us ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117251

10. Oscillation-Induced Mixing Advances the Functionality of Liquid Marble Microreactors

Author:
Xianglong Pang; Mei Duan; Heng Liu; Yuhang Xi; Haixiao Shi; Xiaoguang Li
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2022 v.14 no.9 pp. 11999-12009
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
coatings; containers; droplets; exhibitions; experimental design; liquids; mixing; oscillation
Abstract:
... Droplet-based microreactors often uncover fascinating phenomena and exhibit diverse functionality, which make them applicable in various fields. Liquid marbles (LMs) are non-wetting droplets coated with particles, and these features highlight their potential as microreactors. However, sophisticated experimental designs are typically hindered because it is difficult to obtain sufficient substance m ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.1c22314

11. Phase stability of colloidal spheres mixed with semiflexible supramolecular polymers

Author:
Vincent F.D. Peters; Remco Tuinier; Mark Vis
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2022 v.608 pp. 644-651
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
colloids; exhibitions; journals; mixing; polymers; prediction; temperature; topology
Abstract:
... Mixtures of colloids and supramolecular polymers may exhibit stimuli-responsive phase behaviour. However, in theoretical descriptions of such systems, the polymers are commonly described either as flexible chains or as rigid rods, while in experimental systems supramolecular polymers usually fall in between these two limits. We expect the flexibility of the polymers to have a profound effect on th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.090

12. Principles of microtubule polarity in linear cells

Author:
Melissa M. Rolls
Source:
Developmental biology 2022 v.483 pp. 112-117
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
axons; cell polarity; dendrites; microtubules; mixing; molecular motor proteins; motors; roads; walking
Abstract:
... The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for maintenance of long and long-lived neurons. The overlapping array of microtubules extends from the major site of synthesis in the cell body to the far reaches of axons and dendrites. New materials are transported from the cell body along these neuronal roads by motor proteins, and building blocks and information about the state of affairs in other parts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.01.004

13. Rheology of Entangled Solutions of Ring–Linear DNA Blends

Author:
Dejie Kong; Sourya Banik; Michael J. San Francisco; Megan Lee; Rae M. Robertson Anderson; Charles M. Schroeder; Gregory B. McKenna
Source:
Macromolecules 2022 v.55 no.4 pp. 1205-1217
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
DNA; dynamic testing; exhibitions; measurement; melting; mixing; polymers; rheology; viscosity
Abstract:
... Bulk rheology measurements on concentrated monodisperse ring–linear DNA mixtures are reported for the first time. The entanglement behavior of the ring–linear DNA mixtures (with 15 and 50% linear chain fractions, ϕLᵢₙ) over a range of total DNA concentration, ϕTₒₜ, from ∼0.8 mg/mL (20C*) to 2 mg/mL (50C*) is reported. A discussion on the current problems in the reported ring dynamics/scaling is in ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01672

14. Separation characteristics of white rice in an indented cylinder separator with a baffle

Author:
Xiangyi Meng; Heqin Chen; Yanlong Han; Fuguo Jia; Yanhao Chu; Peiyu Chen; Anqi Li; Hongwei Zhao
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2022 v.216 pp. 46-64
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
Whites; blades; engineering; engineers; length; mixing; rice; separators; whiting
Abstract:
... Broken rice can gather in the core of a cylinder during rice grain separation because it is wrapped by whole rice and cannot contact the indents causing low separation efficiency. To improve contact with the indented cylinder by broken rice the actions of a baffle were simulated using the discrete element method. By analysing rice movement in the mixing area under the action of baffle, the mechani ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.02.003

15. Singular value decomposition analysis of the electron density changes occurring upon electrostatic polarization of water

Author:
Hajime Torii
Source:
RSC advances 2022 v.12 no.5 pp. 2564-2573
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
electrons; hydrogen bonding; mixing; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... In-depth elucidation of how molecules are electrically polarized would be one key factor for understanding the properties of those molecules under various thermodynamic and/or spatial conditions. Here this problem is tackled for the case of hydrogen-bonded water by conducting singular value decomposition of the electron density changes that occur upon electrostatic polarization. It is shown that a ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1ra06649h

16. Six-directional sampling method and mean mixing indices for solids blending performance analysis of DEM simulations

Author:
Reddi Kamesh; Shiva Vaddagani; C. Sumana; K. Yamuna Rani; Srikanth R. Gopireddy; Nora A. Urbanetz
Source:
Powder technology 2022 v.398 pp. 117051
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
blenders; mixing; particles; powders; sampling; simulation models; standard deviation; technology
Abstract:
... In the present study, a six-directional sampling method (SDSM) and six-directional sampling mean mixing indices (SDS-mMI) [i.e., SDS-mLMI, SDS-mRSD, and SDS-mSMI] based on SDSM are proposed for the first time by considering Lacey mixing index (LMI), relative standard deviation (RSD) and sub-domain mixing index (SMI) as basis to assess the solids blending performance in DEM simulations. The propose ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117051

17. Solid-like Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Observed in the Fluid Phase of Lipid Bilayers at 9.4 T

Author:
Andrei A. Kuzhelev; Danhua Dai; Vasyl Denysenkov; Thomas F. Prisner
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022 v.144 no.3 pp. 1164-1168
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
Americans; ambient temperature; crossing; fields; fluids; free radicals; journals; lipid bilayers; magnetic fields; methodology; mixing; solids
Abstract:
... Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a powerful method to enhance NMR sensitivity. Much progress has been achieved recently to optimize DNP performance at high magnetic fields in solid-state samples, mostly by utilizing the solid or the cross effect. In liquids, only the Overhauser mechanism is active, which exhibits a DNP field profile matching the EPR line shape of the radical, distinguishable ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.1c12837

18. Spirocyclic side chain of a non-fullerene acceptor enables efficient organic solar cells with reduced recombination loss and energetic disorder

Author:
Guangkun Song; Yuzhong Huang; Fangfang Huang; Xiangjian Wan; Chenxi Li; Zhaoyang Yao; Yongsheng Chen; Yanhui Hou
Source:
RSC advances 2022 v.12 no.11 pp. 6573-6582
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
mixing; solar cells; vibration
Abstract:
... Suppressing intramolecular vibration of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by molecular rigidification has been proven to be an effective way to reduce the non-radiative recombination loss and energetic disorder of organic solar cells (OSCs). Thus far, extensive attention has been drawn on rigidifying the fused-ring backbones of NFAs, whereas the highly flexible alkyl side chains are barely concerned. ...
DOI:
10.1039/d2ra00253a

19. The Social Life of Pigs: Changes in Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors following Mixing

Author:
Carly I. O’Malley; Juan P. Steibel; Ronald O. Bates; Catherine W. Ernst; Janice M. Siegford
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
aggression; barrows; behavior change; least squares; linear models; mixing; nose; play activities
Abstract:
... This study investigated potentially affiliative behaviors in grow-finish pigs, how these behaviors changed over time and their relationship to agonistic behaviors. A total of 257 Yorkshire barrows were observed for agonistic (reciprocal fights, attacks) and affiliative (nosing, play, non-agonistic contact) behaviors after mixing (at 10 weeks of age), and weeks 3, 6, and 9 after mix. The least squa ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12020206

20. The reinforcement paradox: Monetary incentives and Bayesian updating

Author:
Carlos Alós-Ferrer; Johannes Buckenmaier; Michele Garagnani; Alexander Ritschel
Source:
Economics letters 2022 v.211 pp. 110200
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
Bayesian theory; economics; experimental design; mixing
Abstract:
... We report the results of two pre-registered experiments designed to study the reinforcement paradox: increased incentives often fail to increase and sometimes even decrease performance in Bayesian updating tasks. We argue that, in the presence of win/loss cues, higher incentives have two countervailing effects: increased error rates for reinforcement behavior (win-stay, lose-shift) and increased p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110200

21. Three-dimensional DEM simulation of polydisperse particle flow in rolling mode rotating drum

Author:
Mengxiao Yu; Houjun Zhang; Junheng Guo; Jinli Zhang; You Han
Source:
Powder technology 2022 v.396 pp. 626-636
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
dispersions; drums (equipment); industrial applications; methodology; mixing; particles; powders; rolling; rolls; technology
Abstract:
... The flow behavior of polydisperse particles in rolling mode rotating drum is important in industry, but it is still not clear. In this work, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to explore the flow of particles in the three-dimensional drum. After the accuracy of simulation verified by the experimental data from literature, the particle bed is divided into active layer and passive layer. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.058

22. Universality of Entropic Surface Segregation from Athermal Polymer Blends Due to Conformational Asymmetry

Author:
Russell K. W. Spencer; Mark W. Matsen
Source:
Macromolecules 2022 v.55 no.4 pp. 1120-1126
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; asymmetry; mixing; polymers; prediction; surfaces; walls
Abstract:
... We reexamine off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations for athermal blends of stiff and flexible polymers next to a hard wall. The original simulations [Kumar et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 10332], which were supported by wall-PRISM calculations, predicted a short-range preference for the stiff polymers at the wall, which contradicts experiments as well as alternative calculations. On this basis, Kuma ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02400

23. A Local Similarity Driven Model for Blind Hyperspectral Unmixing with Spectral Variability

Author:
Yingying Xu
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2021 v.42 no.20 pp. 7723-7741
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
algorithms; exhibitions; hyperspectral imagery; journals; linear models; mixing; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Blind hyperspectral unmixing is a key technique for mixing spectral analysis, which separate the endmember spectra from hyperspectral image and evaluate their fractional abundances. Recent studies have focused on addressing spectral variability during unmixing procedure, and many new models have been proposed to characterize endmember variation. To further improve the unmixing performance, a local ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2021.1958390

24. A UIO-66/tannic acid/chitosan/polyethersulfone hybrid membrane-like adsorbent for the dynamic removal of dye and Cr (VI) from water

Author:
Peng Shi; Xingkang Hu; Ming Duan
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.290 pp. 125794
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; chitosan; coordination polymers; environment; filtration; heavy metals; hybrids; light scattering; methylene blue; mixing; models; pH; particle size; pollutants; pollution control; pollution load; tannins; water; water solubility; zeta potential
Abstract:
... The water-soluble pollutant including dye and heavy metal was a challenge to the water and environment. Adsorption was among one of the most promising technique for the recycle of dye but it usually required a long contact time. A membrane-like adsorbent was fabricated by mixing and depositing tannic acid, chitosan and metal organic framework (MOF, UIO-66) on polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in thi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125794

25. A dual-response fluorescent probe for detection and bioimaging of hydrazine and cyanide with different fluorescence signals

Author:
Shuai Mu; Hong Gao; Chen Li; Shanshan Li; Yaya Wang; Yuan Zhang; Chunmeng Ma; Haixia Zhang; Xiaoyan Liu
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.221 pp. 121606
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
assays; bioimaging; cells; cyanides; detection; environment; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; hydrazine; hydrazones; mixing; pollution; reaction mechanisms; sampling; water
Abstract:
... Due to favourable efficiency and low cost, dual-response fluorescent probes play critical roles in the development of fluorescence assay system. Herein, a novel dual-response fluorescent probe (RDCN) was designed and synthesized for the detection of two environmental contaminants: hydrazine (N₂H₄) and cyanide (CN⁻). Probe RDCN exhibited discriminative sensing behaviors to N₂H₄ and CN⁻ with differe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121606

26. A fluorescein-coumarin based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting hydrazine and its real applications in cells imaging

Author:
Fanyong Yan; Hao Zhang; Xing Li; Xiaodong Sun; Yingxia Jiang; Yali Cui
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.223 pp. 121779
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
absorption; cells; detection; early diagnosis; fluorescent dyes; hydrazine; hydrolysis; image analysis; mixing; monitoring; sampling; water
Abstract:
... According to the mechanism of hydrazine to ester bond elimination, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (FCP) based on the fluorescein-coumarin structure is designed and synthesized for detecting hydrazine. The obvious red shift in the absorption and fluorescence spectrum is caused by the hydrolysis of the ester bond of FCP by upon mixing with hydrazine. The proposed FCP probe is shown to have li ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121779

27. A linear hyperspectral unmixing method by means of autoencoder networks

Author:
Farshid Khajehrayeni; Hassan Ghassemian
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2021 v.42 no.7 pp. 2517-2531
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
hyperspectral imagery; journals; least squares; mixing; objectives; remote sensing; weight
Abstract:
... Hyperspectral unmixing technique is a conventional approach addressing the mixed pixel issue. In this paper, we present an autoencoder (AE) network that deals with estimating the abundances in hyperspectral images (HSIs) given the endmembers. In the suggested network, the mixed pixel issue in a supervised scenario is investigated since the weights of the decoder are set equal to the endmembers. Mo ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2020.1854893

28. A novel AgCl-based visible-light photocatalyst through in-situ assembly of carbon dots for efficient dye degradation and hydrogen evolution

Author:
Yuanyuan Tang; Wentai Wang; Bozheng Wang; Xing Sun; Chunyu Guo; Jia Xu
Source:
Sustainable materials and technologies 2021 v.27 pp. e00242
ISSN:
2214-9937
Subject:
carbon quantum dots; degradation; dyes; energy; hydrogen production; irradiation; light; methyl orange; mixing; photocatalysis; photocatalysts
Abstract:
... A novel efficient AgCl-based heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by in-situ electrostatic-assembly of carbon dots (CDs) for the first time. Distinct from the physical blending between CDs and AgCl (CDs + AgCl), CDsAg was heterojuncted into AgCl in this work. The resulting CDsAg-AgCl photocatalyst was endowed with significantly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances in both dye ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00242

29. A review on species mixing in droplets using passive and active micromixers

Author:
Xueye Chen; Shufen Liu; Yao Chen; Shouxin Wang
Source:
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 422-432
ISSN:
1029-0397
Subject:
analytical chemistry; droplets; environmental science; journals; mixing; wills
Abstract:
... This review reports the progress on the recent development of droplet micromixers. Passive droplet micromixers and active droplet micromixers are studied, respectively. Design, simulation, fabrication and application of a variety of droplet micromixers are expounded and analysed. This paper will provide a valuable reference to designers who research droplet micromixers for various applications. ...
DOI:
10.1080/03067319.2019.1666832

30. A sensitive “off-on” carbon dots-Ag nanoparticles fluorescent probe for cysteamine detection via the inner filter effect

Author:
Xiaowei Mu; Minxing Wu; Bo Zhang; Xin Liu; Shaomei Xu; Yibing Huang; Xinghua Wang; Daqian Song; Pinyi Ma; Ying Sun
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.221 pp. 121463
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
blood serum; carbon quantum dots; cattle; chemical bonding; cysteamine; cytotoxicity; detection limit; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; human cell lines; image analysis; mixing; nanosilver; signal-to-noise ratio
Abstract:
... In this study, we describe the construction of an “off-on” fluorescent probe based on carbon dots (CDs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mixture for sensitive and selective detection of cysteamine. By mixing AgNPs with CDs solution, the fluorescence of CDs was significantly decreased due to the inner filter effect (IFE). Upon addition of cysteamine to the mixed aqueous of CDs and AgNPs, the silver ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121463

31. A simulation approach to optimizing the vegetation covers under the water constraint in the Yellow River Basin

Author:
Jie LI
Source:
Forest policy and economics 2021 v.123 pp. 102377
ISSN:
1389-9341
Subject:
basins; ecological function; ecological restoration; economics; ecosystems; forest policy; forests; grasses; linear programming; mixing; models; planting; resource allocation; shrubs; vegetation cover; water; water resources; watersheds; Yellow River
Abstract:
... Although aggressive tree planting and vegetation recovery have enhanced the ecosystem functions and services of the Yellow River (YR) basin, there have been unintended consequences. The primary goal of this study is to explore the implications of alternatives of vegetation cover restoration to water resource allocation in the YR basin using a linear programming model that maximizes the ecological ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102377

32. A universal assay strategy for sensitive and simultaneous quantitation of multiplex tumor markers based on the stirring rod-immobilized DNA-LaMnO3 perovskite-metal ions encoded probes

Author:
Wenhai Wang; Qiqin Wang; Hongzhen Xie; Dazhen Wu; Ning Gan
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.222 pp. 121456
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
DNA; antigens; aptasensors; blood serum; cadmium; copper; detection limit; encapsulation; lead; metal ions; mixing; neoplasms; oligonucleotides; prostate-specific antigen; screening; signal-to-noise ratio; voltammetry
Abstract:
... It was extremely urgent to develop some simultaneous and sensitive biosensors for detecting multiplex serum tumor markers (TMs) for early screening of cancers. Herein, a multiplex assay was developed based on the DNA-LaMnO₃ (DNA-LMO) perovskite encoded probes and targets mediated competitive replacement strategy. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate specific antigen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121456

33. Achieving wealth from bio-waste in a nationwide supply chain setup under uncertain environment through data driven robust optimization approach

Author:
Kapil Gumte; Priyanka Devi Pantula; Srinivas Soumitri Miriyala; Kishalay Mitra
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.291 pp. 125702
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
artificial intelligence; biofuels; biomass; design; deterministic models; environment; environmental assessment; exhibitions; fossil fuels; imports; linear programming; mixing; planning; prices; supply; supply chain; uncertainty; wastes
Abstract:
... Addressing dual crisis of fossil fuels i.e. environmental as well as gradually decreasing reserves, design of a nationwide robust supply chain network based on bio-energy has been presented in this work. The four echelon supply chain caters the target of blending 20% bio fuels with conventional fuel during 2018–2026. The mixed integer linear programming model considers handling of multiple types o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125702

34. Advances in biodegradable and injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications

Author:
Yi Li; Hong Yu Yang; Doo Sung Lee
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2021 v.330 pp. 151-160
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
active ingredients; ambient temperature; biocompatible materials; biodegradability; cancer therapy; degradation; diffusion; drugs; gene transfer; hydrogels; insulin; medicine; mixing; polymers; tissue engineering
Abstract:
... In situ-forming injectable hydrogels are smart biomaterials that can be implanted into living bodies with minimal invasion. Due to pioneer work of Prof. Sung Wan Kim in this field, injectable hydrogels have shown great potentials in many different biomedical applications. Biodegradable and injectable hydrogels can be administered at room temperature as viscous polymer sols. They will degrade after ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.008

35. Advances in the Biology and Conservation of Turtles

Author:
Russell L. Burke
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Testudines; mixing; phylogeny; turtles; wildlife management
Abstract:
... The approximately 356 species of testudines (turtles) are remarkable for their blend of phylogenetic conservatism and diversity [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13010017

36. Alkali activation of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration: Optimization of NaOH- and Na 2SiO3-based activators

Author:
R. Carvalho; R.V. Silva; J. de Brito; M.F.C. Pereira
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.291 pp. 125930
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
X-radiation; aluminum; behavior; bottom ash; capillarity; carbonation; cement; coal; compression strength; construction industry; construction materials; decline; design; durability; fluorescence; fly ash; lead; manufacturing; mixing; municipal solid waste; pastes; porosity; power plants; pressure; shrinkage; waste incineration; water uptake
Abstract:
... Considerable amounts of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes are produced yearly without an adequate outlet. Given the established reactivity of the ash when subjected to an alkali medium, there is considerable scope to valorize it within the Construction industry in an alkali-activated material, thereby reducing the significant environmental pressure of the cement industry. This study a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125930

37. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment

Author:
Lata Rani; Komal Thapa; Neha Kanojia; Neelam Sharma; Sukhbir Singh; Ajmer Singh Grewal; Arun Lal Srivastav; Jyotsna Kaushal
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.283 pp. 124657
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
adverse effects; diabetes; farm labor; farming systems; home gardening; human health; humans; indirect contact; insect vectors; mixing; neoplasms; pesticides; pests; reproductive disorders; respiratory tract diseases; risk; toxicity
Abstract:
... Pesticides are contributing in current agriculture to fulfil the need of raising population. Uses of pesticides are not limited to agriculture, but they are also used to control over domestic pests, disease insect vectors and home gardening. But they are very toxic in nature and pose acute risks on the human health and the environment. They negatively affected the agricultural workers and trigger ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657

38. Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) with Response Surface Methodology Optimization

Author:
Martina Jakovljević; Stela Jokić; Maja Molnar; Igor Jerković
Source:
Plants 2021 v.10 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
Salvia officinalis; antioxidants; carbon dioxide; choline chloride; diterpenoids; extraction; heat; lactic acid; mechanochemistry; mixing; response surface methodology; sage; solvents; temperature; ultrasonic treatment; vibration
Abstract:
... Salvia officinalis L. is a good source of antioxidant compounds such as phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol. From 17 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used, choline chloride: lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) was found to be the most suitable for the extraction of targeted compounds. The influence of H₂O content, extraction time, and temperature (for stirring and heating and for ultrasound-assi ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants10010080

39. Application of the mixing of the field of low amplitude AC bias with a strong field of linear slow varying to investigate the magnetic properties of materials

Author:
Andrzej Nowrot
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.2 pp. e06258
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
fields; frequency; hysteresis; magnetic fields; magnetic materials; magnetic properties; measurement; mixing
Abstract:
... The paper presents a new experimental method of the magnetic hysteresis loop investigation and the constructed measurement instrument. The principle of operation is to mix two magnetic fields: the first of these fields has a very low amplitude, a shape of sine wave (AC bias) and the frequency range order of 10–10⁴ Hz. The second field has a very low frequency (order 10⁻² Hz), a high amplitude and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06258

40. Applications of Two-Dimensional Spatial Routing Procedure for Estimating Dispersion Coefficients in Open Channel Flows

Author:
Jaehyun Shin; Dongsop Rhee; Inhwan Park
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
dispersibility; exhibitions; flow; mixing; spatial variation; testing; water
Abstract:
... In this study, the performance of two routing procedures were evaluated to estimate the two-dimensional dispersion coefficients. The two-dimensional Stream-Tube Routing Procedure (2D ST-RP) has been widely used to obtain the dispersion coefficients from measured concentration-time curves under the frozen cloud assumption. Meanwhile, the Spatial Routing Procedure (2D S-RP) employs the spatial distr ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13101394

41. Approaches to interdisciplinary mixed methods research in land‐change science and environmental management

Author:
Eva Kinnebrew; Elizabeth Shoffner; Aldo Farah‐Pérez; Megan Mills‐Novoa; Katherine Siegel
Source:
Conservation biology 2021 v.35 no.1 pp. 130-141
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
environmental management; information exchange; mixing; natural resources conservation; nesting; nests; objectives; paper; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; research methods; researchers; scientists; wildlife management
Abstract:
... Combining qualitative and quantitative methods and data is crucial to understanding the complex dynamics and often interdisciplinary nature of conservation. Many conservation scientists use mixed methods, but there are a variety of mixed methods approaches, a lack of shared vocabulary, and few methodological frameworks. We reviewed articles from 2 conservation‐related fields that often incorporate ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.13642

42. Assessment of bi-disperse solid particles mixing in a horizontal paddle mixer through experiments and DEM

Author:
Mohammadreza Ebrahimi; Amirsalar Yaraghi; Behrooz Jadidi; Farhad Ein-Mozaffari; Ali Lohi
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.381 pp. 129-140
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
computer software; convection; diffusion; diffusivity; impellers; literature; mixing; models; particles; sampling
Abstract:
... In the current study, the mixing of bi-disperse particles in a horizontal paddle mixer was investigated through the sampling experimental technique and discrete element method (DEM). LIGGGHTS software was employed as the DEM solver. A close agreement between the simulation and experimental data was observed. Using the calibrated DEM model, the influence of some operating parameters such as impelle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.041

43. Bangalore: Urban heating or urban cooling?

Author:
Asfa Siddiqui; Gautami Kushwaha; Ashikha Raoof; Prabhakar Alok Verma; Yogesh Kant
Source:
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (Online) 2021 v.24 no.2 pp. 265-272
ISSN:
1110-9823
Subject:
Landsat; algorithms; cities; climatic factors; cooling; data collection; heat; heat island; mixing; normalized difference vegetation index; radiative transfer; seasonal variation; soil; summer; surface area; surface temperature; urbanization; winter; India
Abstract:
... Bangalore, one of the Indian metropolitan cities, has witnessed rapid urbanization during the last decade with an overwhelming spatial growth of 696 sq. km to 2185 sq.km within a span of ten years (2006 to 2016). With this exponential rate of urban growth, the city is experiencing a shift in its micro- climatic condition. This paper aims to identify the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect by c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ejrs.2020.06.002

44. Bed-to-wall heat transfer in a gas-solid fluidized bed with external solids circulation:Modified packet renewal model

Author:
Jiantao Li; Xiuying Yao; Lu Liu; Xudong Zhong; Chunxi Lu
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.383 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
bubbles; fluidized beds; frequency; heat transfer; heat transfer coefficient; hydrodynamics; mixing; models; solids; technology; velocity
Abstract:
... A pilot scale experimental setup was constructed to investigate the effect of hydrodynamics on bed-to-wall heat transfer in a gas-solid fluidized bed with external solids circulation. The bubble size and velocity are increased rapidly with gas velocity at bubbling fluidization. The increased gas velocity promotes the increase in bubble frequency at turbulent fluidization. The external solids circu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.002

45. Benefits of a balanced diet? Mixing prey with pollen is advantageous for the phytoseiid predator Amblydromalus limonicus

Author:
Konstantinos Samaras; Maria L Pappas; Apostolos Pekas; Felix Wäckers; George D Broufas
Source:
Biological control 2021 v.155 pp. 104531
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Aleyrodidae; Phytoseiidae; Pinus brutia; Typha angustifolia; Zea mays; biological control; corn; crops; diet; greenhouses; juveniles; larvae; mixing; oviposition; pine pollen; population; population growth; predation; predatory mites; satiety
Abstract:
... Plant pollen is an important alternative food for generalist phytoseiid mites ensuring survival and supporting population build-up during periods of prey scarcity. However, in the short term predator efficacy can be negatively affected by pollen provisioning as a consequence of predator satiation or when pollen is preferred over prey. This is counteracted by the fact that, combining pollen with pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104531

46. Biodegradable Polymer Blends Based on Thermoplastic Starch

Author:
Vesna Ocelić Bulatović; Vilko Mandić; Dajana Kučić Grgić; Antonio Ivančić
Source:
Journal of polymers and the environment 2021 v.29 no.2 pp. 492-508
ISSN:
1566-2543
Subject:
biodegradability; biodegradation; contact angle; cost effectiveness; economic sustainability; environment; lead; mixing; polyesters; polylactic acid; starch; thermoplastics; water uptake
Abstract:
... This work considered the utilisation of environmentally friendly biodegradable materials instead of conventional polymeric materials, in order to prevent further environmental endangerment by accumulation of non-biodegradable materials. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an exemplary environmentally friendly biodegradable material. Blending TPS with other biodegradable polymers such as biodegradable po ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10924-020-01874-w

47. Blend Miscibility of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Aromatic Polyesters from Salicylic Acid

Author:
Hee Joong Kim; Xiayu Peng; Youngsu Shin; Marc A. Hillmyer; Christopher J. Ellison
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2021 v.125 no.1 pp. 450-460
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
chemical structure; gases; journals; mechanical properties; melting point; mixing; polyesters; salicylic acid
Abstract:
... Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most prevalent polymers in the world due to its combined thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier attributes. Blending PET with other polymers is an appealing strategy to further tailor properties to meet the needs of an even more diverse range of applications. Most blends with PET are macrophase-separated; only a few miscible systems have been reported ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09322

48. Blending efficiency improvement and energy investigation of recycled asphalt mixture involved warm mix technology

Author:
Xiangdao Hou; Chamod Hettiarachchi; Feipeng Xiao; Zifeng Zhao; Qian Xiang; Dara Yong
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.279 pp. 123732
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; bitumen; carbon; energy; mixing; pavements; road construction; sustainable development; temperature
Abstract:
... The application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials has become an important subject of sustainable development in the field of road construction. In addition, the low carbon asphalt technology (i.e. warm mix technology) is recently employed to reduce the energy consumption and emission in RAP application. Generally, during the RAP mixing process, softer asphalt or rejuvenator is typicall ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123732

49. Boosting electrical and piezoresistive properties of polymer nanocomposites via hybrid carbon fillers: A review

Author:
Kai Ke; Liang Yue; Heqing Shao; Ming-Bo Yang; Wei Yang; Ica Manas-Zloczower
Source:
Carbon 2021 v.173 pp. 1020-1040
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; electrical conductivity; mixing; polymer nanocomposites; polymers
Abstract:
... Carbon nanofillers are widely used to blend with polymers for fabricating high-performance polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) toward structural, electronic and sensory material applications. However, it is generally of challenge to achieve significant property improvement by using single carbon nanofiller. Alternatively, using hybrid carbon nanofillers has been proved to be a facile and promising strat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.070

50. Bronze Alloying Practice in ancient China - Evidence from Pre-Qin Coin Analyses

Author:
A.M. Pollard; Ruiliang Liu
Source:
Journal of archaeological science 2021 v.126 pp. 105322
ISSN:
0305-4403
Subject:
alloys; archaeology; cakes; chemical analysis; copper; lead; mixing; raw materials; tin; China
Abstract:
... We have reviewed the published chemical analyses of the bronze coinage produced in pre-Qin China (before 221 BCE), with the aim of understanding the alloying practices which took place before these coins were cast. Conventionally it has been assumed that they were made to a ‘target composition’, by separately adding lead and tin to copper. However, by characterizing the composition of the differen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2020.105322

51. Carbon sequestration and storage potential of urban green in residential yards: A case study from Helsinki

Author:
Mari Ariluoma; Juudit Ottelin; Ranja Hautamäki; Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen; Miia Mänttäri
Source:
Urban forestry & urban greening 2021 v.57 pp. 126939
ISSN:
1618-8667
Subject:
area; biochar; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; case studies; cities; climate change; growing media; lead; mixing; planning; planting; research; residential areas; soil; storage; trees; urban forestry; Finland
Abstract:
... Cities have been identified as key actors in climate change mitigation. Nature based carbon sinks have been suggested as a means of mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions of cities. Although there are several studies on the carbon storage and sequestration (CSS) of urban green, the role of residential sites is not fully understood. In addition, the carbon storage of soils is often excluded. Also ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126939

52. Carboxylic acid recognition of a tetraamidine having a tetraphenylethylene unit based on aggregation-induced emission

Author:
Takahiro Kusukawa; Yuki Hoshihara; Kazuki Yamana
Source:
Tetrahedron 2021 v.92 pp. 132254
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
design; dicarboxylic acids; emissions; fluorescence; mixing; solutions; solvents
Abstract:
... A tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based tetraamidine (1a) for the recognition of dicarboxylic acids has been designed and synthesized. The obtained tetraamidine 1a selectively recognizes α,ω-dicarboxylic acids 2 in a DMSO solution. The improvement of the availability of the single solvent, DMSO, and a higher methylene chain-length selectivity for α,ω-dicarboxylic acids 2 (i.e., selectively recognize 2c- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2021.132254

53. Characterization of intruder particle motion in a bladed mixer

Author:
Humair Nadeem; Shankar Subramaniam; Kushal Sinha; Theodore J. Heindel
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.381 pp. 440-450
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
behavior; density; duration; flow; industry; mixing; particles; technology
Abstract:
... Granular mixing is important to many industries, but the mixing process is still poorly understood. In this study, motion of a single intruder particle introduced in a shallow bed of native particles was investigated. A parametric investigation was carried out to quantify the effects of initial intruder particle location, blade speed, and density difference between similarly sized native and intru ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.002

54. Closely and deeply divided: Purple counties in the 2016 presidential election

Author:
Chad Kinsella; Colleen McTague; Kevin Raleigh
Source:
Applied geography 2021 v.127 pp. 102386
ISSN:
0143-6228
Subject:
Americans; geography; mixing; politics; United States
Abstract:
... The depth and degree of geographic polarization in American politics are key arguments that reside within the larger political polarization debate. Evidence used to argue against the significance of geographic polarization is the prevalence of “purple” counties. It is argued that when the aggregate voting results within counties for candidates from the two major political parties are close enough ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102386

55. Co-sintering MSWI fly ash with electrolytic manganese residue and coal fly ash for lightweight ceramisite

Author:
Xinyuan Zhan; Li’ao Wang; Lei Wang; Jian Gong; Xiang Wang; Xue Song; Tengtun Xu
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.263 pp. 127914
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
calcium silicate; chlorides; coal fly ash; hazardous waste; industrial wastes; manganese; mixing; recycling; sulfates; volatilization
Abstract:
... The MSWI fly ash (FA) is classified as hazardous waste and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as the harmful industrial waste. FA, water-washed FA (WFA), EMR and coal fly ash (CFA) were co-recycled to form lightweight MFCE ceramisites. The effects of FA, WFA and mixed MSWI fly ash on ceramisites were discussed. The approach to mixing FA and WFA increased the recycling amount of MSWI fly ash. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127914

56. Coagulation of phosphorous and organic matter from marine, land-based recirculating aquaculture system effluents

Author:
Carlos O. Letelier-Gordo; Paulo Mira Fernandes
Source:
Aquacultural engineering 2021 v.92 pp. 102144
ISSN:
0144-8609
Subject:
Salmo salar; aquacultural engineering; brackish water; chemical oxygen demand; coagulants; coagulation; dosage; effluents; environmental law; eutrophication; farms; flow; ionic strength; landfills; marine environment; mixing; municipal wastewater; organic matter; phosphorus; recirculating aquaculture systems; salinity; salmon; sludge; total suspended solids; volume; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Saline effluents from marine land-based aquaculture production can neither be disposed in common municipal wastewater treatment plants, nor disposed as landfill. Furthermore, stricter environmental regulations require the reduction of phosphorous and organic matter levels from marine environment discharges to minimize eutrophication. Chemical coagulation with FeCl₃ and AlSO₄ is commonly used for r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaeng.2020.102144

57. Coastal Bacterial Community Response to Glacier Melting in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Author:
María Estrella Alcamán-Arias; Sebastián Fuentes-Alburquenque; Pablo Vergara-Barros; Jerónimo Cifuentes-Anticevic; Josefa Verdugo; Martin Polz; Laura Farías; Carlos Pedrós-Alió; Beatriz Díez
Source:
Microorganisms 2021 v.9 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
Flavobacterium; Polaribacter; Polaromonas; Pseudoalteromonas; bacteria; bacterial communities; climate change; food webs; gene expression; glaciers; ice; marine ecosystems; melting; mixing; salinity; sampling; seawater; sequence analysis; summer; transcriptomics; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Chile
Abstract:
... Current warming in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has multiple effects on the marine ecosystem, modifying the trophic web and the nutrient regime. In this study, the effect of decreased surface salinity on the marine microbial community as a consequence of freshening from nearby glaciers was investigated in Chile Bay, Greenwich Island, WAP. In the summer of 2016, samples were collected from ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms9010088

58. Cold mix asphalt: An overview

Author:
Shobhit Jain; Bhupendra Singh
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.280 pp. 124378
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
ambient temperature; bitumen; carbon footprint; cold; construction industry; emulsions; financial economics; global warming; greenhouse gases; heat; liquids; mixing; roads; traffic
Abstract:
... Global warming is one of the biggest challenges that we are facing today. Construction industry is also contributing to the problem by emitting greenhouse gases. In order to deal with this issue sustainable products are being adopted by all the industries. Similarly, highway industry is also adopting several measures to reduce its carbon footprint. One of such measures is cold mix asphalt technolo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124378

59. Combustion efficiency during fires in tunnels with natural ventilation by vitiated air including descending smoke

Author:
Tasuku Ishikawa; Keita Kasumi; Futoshi Tanaka; Khalid A.M. Moinuddin
Source:
Fire safety journal 2021 v.120 pp. 103093
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
air; calorimetry; combustion efficiency; fires; heat; heptane; mixing; models; natural ventilation; oxygen; propane; smoke
Abstract:
... Combustion efficiency in tunnel fires is measured using a 1:20 scale model tunnel. A series of model experiments with propane and heptane fires is conducted to confirm whether combustion efficiency is affected by tunnel length. The results show that combustion efficiency is little affected by tunnel length, and its average value is 89% for propane fires and 80% for heptane fires. In the case of a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103093

60. Compatibilization Efficiency of Additives in Homopolymer Blends: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study

Author:
Tianhang Zhou; Jurek Schneider; Zhenghao Wu; Florian Müller-Plathe
Source:
Macromolecules 2021 v.54 no.20 pp. 9551-9564
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
additives; architecture; composite polymers; length; mixing; molecular dynamics; prediction
Abstract:
... We study the compatibilizing effect of copolymers of different architectures on the interface between two incompatible polymer phases by dissipative particle dynamics. Three base polymer systems are investigated, namely weakly incompatible (interspecies repulsion parameter of the dissipative particle dynamics interaction αAB: 25 < αAB < 30), intermediate-incompatible (30 ≤ αAB < 40), and strongly ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01076

61. Compressive strength and environmental impact of sustainable blended cement with high-dosage Limestone and Calcined Clay (LC2)

Author:
Jing Yu; Hao-Liang Wu; Dhanada K. Mishra; Gengying Li; Christopher KY Leung
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.278 pp. 123616
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
age; carbon; carbon dioxide; cement; clay; climate; compression strength; construction industry; embodied energy; environmental impact; fly ash; heat; limestone; manufacturing; mixing; weight
Abstract:
... Replacing half of the clinker by a blend of limestone powder and low-grade calcined clay (in 1:2 weight ratios) has been recently proposed as a new version of economical and green cement named Limestone-Calcined Clay (LC2) cement, also known as LC3. The LC2 blend emits much less carbon dioxide than traditional Portland clinker and has a sufficiently high cementing efficiency factor for maintaining ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123616

62. Concave wall-based mixing chambers and convex wall-based constriction channel micromixers

Author:
Ranjitsinha R. Gidde
Source:
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 561-583
ISSN:
1029-0397
Subject:
Reynolds number; analytical chemistry; environmental assessment; hydrodynamics; journals; mixing; mixing ratio; systems analysis
Abstract:
... Micromixers with concave wall-based mixing chambers and convex wall-based constriction channel are studied. The effect of shape and aspect ratio of the obstacle on mixing performance was investigated for the Reynolds number in the range of 0.1–75 using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The micromixers showed interesting mixing dynamics and flow features in respect of two flow regimes identified ...
DOI:
10.1080/03067319.2019.1669585

63. Concentration polarization over reverse osmosis membranes with engineered surface features

Author:
Zuo Zhou; Bowen Ling; Ilenia Battiato; Scott M. Husson; David A. Ladner
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2021 v.617 pp. 118199
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
artificial membranes; fouling; hydrodynamics; laminar flow; mass transfer; mathematical models; mixing; reverse osmosis; roughness; shear stress; solutes; surface area; valleys
Abstract:
... Creating membranes with engineered surface features has been shown to reduce membrane fouling and increase flux. Surface feature patterns can be created by several means, such as thermal embossing with hard stamps, template-based micromolding, and printing. It has been proposed that the patterns create enhanced mixing and irregular fluid flow that increases mass transfer of solutes away from the m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118199

64. Construction of three-dimensional interleaved protein hetero-superlattices in solution by cooperative electrostatic and aromatic stacking interactions

Author:
Hai Chen; Yu Liu; Tuo Zhang; Guanghua Zhao
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2021 v.582 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
electrolytes; electrostatic interactions; encapsulation; ferritin; mixing; pH; salt concentration; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Hierarchical assembly of naturally occurring assemblies is accurate and responsible for performing various cellular functions. However, Nature’s wisdom in navigating the assembly process to desired protein assemblies by the cooperation of multiple noncovalent interactions has been underexploited for protein superstructures constructions. Owing to the chemical diversity of noncovalent interactions, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.016

65. Contact-Based Method to Evaluate Mixing in Multicomponent Experiments and Simulations

Author:
Kenan Xi; Qiang Guo; Christopher M. Boyce; Youjun Lu
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2021 v.60 no.44 pp. 16126-16142
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
application methods; engineers; methodology; mixing; process design; processing chemistry
Abstract:
... A contact-based method to evaluate mixing in a multicomponent system is proposed in this work. The proposed method is based on spatial contact frequency. One component contacting another component more frequently in space yields a higher mixing index. The preliminary applications of this method in a quasi-2D binary experiment and a 3D ternary simulation are presented. Detailed mixing information i ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03015

66. Continuum modelling of granular segregation by coupling flow rheology and transport equation

Author:
L.Y.M. Yang; Q.J. Zheng; L. Bai; A.B. Yu
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.378 pp. 371-387
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
accuracy; behavior; density; design; drums (equipment); equations; flow; geometry; mixing; model validation; models; particles; prediction; rheology; technology; testing
Abstract:
... In granular flows, particles can mix or segregate owing to their difference in size/density. This behaviour is commonly understood as a size- or density-driven segregating flux at the macro scale and has been studied before in systems of shear cell and chute. This work aims to model the segregation in practical systems with complex geometries and flow modes, by coupling the fundamental flow rheolo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.010

67. Cross-section-phenomena in rotary drums with sectional internals

Author:
Joscha Priessen; Torben Kawka; Malte Behrens; Heyko Juergen Schultz
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.381 pp. 229-244
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
behavior; drums (equipment); kinetics; mathematical models; mixing; technology
Abstract:
... The effect of sectional internals on the solid bed cross section in rotary drums is investigated with a novel, fully optical accessible rotary drum apparatus for different internal configurations. The impact on mixing behavior is analyzed for different section numbers and filling degrees as well as material configurations. The mixing kinetics is affected positively by the sections, particularly fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.048

68. Crystalline assembly of metal–organic polyhedra driven by ionic interactions with polyoxometalates

Author:
Benjamin Le Ouay; Haruka Yoshino; Kenta Sasaki; Yuta Ohtsubo; Ryo Ohtani; Masaaki Ohba
Source:
Chemical communications 2021 v.57 no.42 pp. 5187-5190
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chemical communication; hydrazine; mixing; salting; salts; vapors
Abstract:
... Charge-driven self-assembly of cationic zirconium-based metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) with polyoxometalates (POMs) leads to a series of porous crystalline salts, prepared by simple mixing of soluble precursors. The reactivity of immobilized POMs was greatly increased, as demonstrated by their fast reduction by hydrazine vapors, without loss of structural integrity. ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1cc01185e

69. Cycling pressure-switching process enriches micropores in activated carbon by accelerating reactive gas internal diffusion in porous channels

Author:
Jingjing Xiong; Guancong Jiang; Yu Qian; Liwen Mu; Xin Feng; Xiaohua Lu; Jiahua Zhu
Source:
Sustainable materials and technologies 2021 v.28 pp. e00248
ISSN:
2214-9937
Subject:
activated carbon; atmospheric pressure; bulk density; carbon dioxide; diffusion; gas exchange; gasification; materials; micropores; mixing; particles; pressure; spent mushroom compost; surface area; temperature; volume
Abstract:
... Physical activation of activated carbon (AC) is a pore-formation and pore-widening process via gasification, which involves gas diffusion and reaction in micro-channels. Existing efforts focus on the reaction part by optimizing reaction temperature, reactive species, type of mixing, etc. In this work, a cycling pressure-switching (CPS) process has been developed to expedite the gas transport betwe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00248

70. Dendrite-free Al recycling via electrodeposition using ionic liquid electrolytes: The effects of deposition temperature and cathode surface roughness

Author:
Yifan Wang; Ramana G. Reddy; Ruigang Wang
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.287 pp. 125043
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; abrasives; alloys; aluminum; cathodes; chlorides; density; diffusion; electric potential difference; electrochemistry; electroplating; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; ionic liquids; ions; mixing; paper; recycling; scanning electron microscopy; surface roughness; temperature
Abstract:
... In this paper, the electrodeposition of Al from aluminum scrap alloys (A2020) on copper cathode substrates with varied surface roughness under different deposition temperatures was studied using low-temperature AlCl₃-1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) ionic liquid electrolytes. The bulk electrodeposition of Al was carried out under a voltage of 1.5 V at a stirring rate of 120 rpm using a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125043

71. Desalting of dried salt-cured cod (Gadus morhua L.) without water renewal - 3D imaging of volume change

Author:
Grete Lorentzen; Tatiana N. Ageeva; Karsten Heia
Source:
Food control 2021 v.121 pp. 107613
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
Gadus morhua; cold storage; correlation; food safety; hydrodynamics; mass; mixing; pressure; salt content; volume; water; water content; weight
Abstract:
... Desalting of dried salt-cured cod without water renewal with stirring every 12 h, and in stagnant water, was explored. Products of about 450 g were desalted for 96 h, followed by refrigerated storage in 120 h. During the desalting and subsequent storage, the change in weight, volume, salt-, and water content was calculated. Two different methods for calculation were applied, namely calculating the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107613

72. Design and development of sustainable geopolymer using industrial copper byproduct

Author:
Khan Asudullah Khan; Ashwin Raut; C. Rama Chandrudu; C. Sashidhar
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.278 pp. 123565
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
chemical composition; copper; fly ash; mixing; polymers; slags; sodium hydroxide; sodium silicate; temperature
Abstract:
... Production of geopolymer based materials has gained popularity over the past decades, several researchers have tried various alumina-silicate (AS) source materials. The issue with geopolymer is it does not have any standard criteria on which mix design can be developed due to the ever-changing chemical composition of its AS source materials. This research focuses on the identification and investig ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123565

73. Detection of chocolate powder adulteration with peanut using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and Multivariate Curve Resolution

Author:
Antoine Laborde; Francesc Puig-Castellví; Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse; Luc Eveleigh; Christophe Cordella; Benoît Jaillais
Source:
Food control 2021 v.119 pp. 107454
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
adulterated products; algorithms; cameras; chemometrics; chocolate; detection; food safety; hyperspectral imagery; least squares; mixing; models; peanut flour; peanuts; principal component analysis; sampling
Abstract:
... This study aims to detect peanut flour adulteration in chocolate powder using near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging. Fifteen samples were prepared by mixing both food products in different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 1%, 10% and 100% of peanut) and measured using the hyperspectral camera. A preliminary Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to investigate the structure of the data. Next, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107454

74. Determination of Cu, Ni, Mn, and Pb in diesel oil samples using reversed-phase vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction associated with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Author:
Vanessa de Jesus Ferreira; Jorge S. Almeida; Valfredo A. Lemos; Olívia M.C. de Oliveira; Karina S. Garcia; Leonardo S.G. Teixeira
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.222 pp. 121514
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; atomic absorption spectrometry; centrifugation; copper; detection limit; diesel fuel; energy; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; irradiation; lead; liquid-phase microextraction; manganese; mixing; nickel; nitric acid; standard deviation
Abstract:
... A method was developed based on reversed-phase vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (RP-VALLME) combined with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for the determination of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in diesel oil samples. In this procedure, a nitric acid solution was used as the extraction phase to isolate analytes from organic samples. After a centrifugation step, the aqueou ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121514

75. Development and Research of New Media Jet Aeration Scheme in a Loop Bioreactor Producing Microbiological Products

Author:
Vladislav Yaroshevsky; Valentyna Krutyakova; Volodymyr Belchenko; Semjons Ivanovs; Volodymyr Bulgakov
Source:
Acta technologica agriculturae 2021 v.24 no.3 pp. 124-128
ISSN:
1338-5267
Subject:
aeration; air; atmospheric pressure; bioreactors; chemical industry; energy; laboratory equipment
Abstract:
... Jet aeration loop reactors are widely used in the chemical industry due to their high mixing intensity, possibility of significant saturation of medium with gases, and simplicity of scaling the processes when passing from laboratory equipment to industrial designs. However, to ensure the necessary amount of air in standard jet aeration schemes with ejectors, high pressure of the medium (up to 6 ba ...
DOI:
10.2478/ata-2021-0021

76. Development and application of a method for characterizing mixture formation in a port-injection natural gas engine

Author:
Mirko Baratta; Daniela Misul; Jiajie Xu
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2021 v.227 pp. 113595
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
administrative management; alternative fuels; combustion; correlation; cost effectiveness; design; diagnostic techniques; energy conversion; gas engines; information; injection; manufacturing; mixing; models; natural gas; turbulent flow
Abstract:
... Natural gas has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels. Port injection of natural gas, due to its advantages of costs, manufacturing complexity and mixture homogeneity, is relevant to the current and future engine development. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive characterization of gas fuel injection and mixing process, by developing a modeling method for the i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113595

77. Development of a combined flash and binary geothermal system integrated with hydrogen production for blending into natural gas in daily applications

Author:
Merve Ozturk; Ibrahim Dincer
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2021 v.227 pp. 113501
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
administrative management; ambient temperature; carbon dioxide; combustion; computer software; design; exergy; heat; heating systems; hydrogen; hydrogen production; mixing; models; natural gas; oxygen; paper; steam; synthesis gas
Abstract:
... This paper concerns a novel integrated system for geothermal-based power and hydrogen generation and blending of hydrogen into natural gas to feed household devices, such as gas stove and combi boiler. The system includes a combined flash and binary geothermal subsystem, an alkaline electrolyzer, a blending unit and a combustion reactor. The design and modelling of the proposed system are conducte ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113501

78. Dissolution of potassium chloride as a test process for isothermal calorimeters operated in the milli-Watt range

Author:
Peter Vikegard
Source:
Thermochimica acta 2021 v.695 pp. 178810
ISSN:
0040-6031
Subject:
adverse effects; calibration; calorimeters; enthalpy; heat flow; injection; liquids; literature; mixing; normal values; potassium chloride; water
Abstract:
... A test and calibration method for isothermal calorimeters equipped with a device for liquid injection and mixing is described. The procedure was developed with special reference to calorimeters operated with heat flow values in the milli-watt range. The investigated reaction was the dissolution of potassium chloride in water at 298 K in the concentration range 56–80 water molecules per KCl entity ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tca.2020.178810

79. Do ethnically-congruent teachers really matter little for Hispanic​ students? A re-examination of the data

Author:
Kelvin K.C. Seah
Source:
Economics letters 2021 v.206 pp. 109976
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
Blacks; Hispanics; Whites; economics; languages; mixing; races; students; teachers; whiting
Abstract:
... While there is now much evidence in the literature that assignment to ethnically-congruent teachers results in better student outcomes like achievement and teachers’ evaluations of their behavior for Black and White students, findings appear to be noticeably mixed for Hispanic students. This paper shows that a potential explanation for the mixed findings for Hispanic students lies in the fact that ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109976

80. Eco-friendly high-density polyethylene/amorphous cellulose composites: Environmental and functional value

Author:
Noor Afizah Rosli; Wan Hafizi Wan Ishak; Ishak Ahmad
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.290 pp. 125886
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
biodegradability; cellulose; degradation; hydrophilicity; micro-computed tomography; mixing; packaging; packaging materials; particles; polyethylene; scanning electron microscopy; soil; tensile strength; thermal stability
Abstract:
... This study aims to enhance the degradation properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) without deteriorating its other useful features. To address the restricted use of HDPE as a packaging material, new biodegradable composites were prepared from amorphous cellulose particles and HDPE via a melt blending technique. The influence of the structure of amorphous cellulose on the soil burial degrada ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125886

81. Effect of dough mixing with slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the shelf-life and quality characteristics of fresh wet noodles

Author:
Jun-Jie Xing; Dong-Hui Jiang; Xiao-Na Guo; Zhen Yang; Ke-Xue Zhu
Source:
Food control 2021 v.124 pp. 107891
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
catechol oxidase; crosslinking; dough; electrolyzed water; food safety; hardness; mixing; molecular weight; noodles; oxidation; plate count; polymerization; proteins; shelf life; starch; viscosity
Abstract:
... This study investigated the effect of dough mixing with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the shelf-life and qualities of fresh wet noodles. The initial total plate count (TPC) of fresh wet noodles prepared with SAEW was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and the shelf-life was extended to 5 days. The decrease of polyphenol oxidase activity of noodles was beneficial for browning inhibit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107891

82. Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Author:
Pedro García-Caparrós; Cristina Velasquez Espino; María Teresa Lao
Source:
Agronomy 2021 v.11 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Dracaena fragrans; Dypsis lutescens; Sphagnum; agronomy; arid zones; biomass; container-grown plants; crops; environment; fertigation; harvesting; hydrogen peroxide; leachates; leaves; length; mixing; nitrogen; nutrient balance; nutrient solutions; nutrient uptake; nutrients; ornamental plants; plant height; potassium; proline; salt tolerance; sugars; water; water management; weight
Abstract:
... The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D₀), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarp ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy11010127

83. Effects of Side Chains in Third Components on the Performance of Fused-Ring Electron-Acceptor-Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Author:
Jingshuai Zhu; Guilong Cai; Peiyao Xue; Boyu Jia; Changxi Zhang; Xinhui Lu; Zhen Li; Xiaowei Zhan
Source:
Energy & fuels 2021 v.35 no.23 pp. 19055-19060
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
adverse effects; electric potential difference; electrons; exhibitions; fuels; mixing; solar cells
Abstract:
... We incorporate fused-ring electron acceptor IOIC2 or IOIC5 into the PM6:Y6 blend and investigate the impacts of IOIC2 or IOIC5 on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Both IOIC2 and IOIC5 contain the same fused-ring core but with different side chains (hexyl and hexyloxyl, respectively). The binary devices consisting of the PM6:Y6 blend exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.3 ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02113

84. Effects of fixed wall and pebble size ratio on packing properties and contact force distribution in binary-sized pebble mixed beds at the maximum packing efficiency state

Author:
Yongjin Feng; Baoping Gong; Hao Cheng; Long Wang; Xiaoyu Wang
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.390 pp. 504-520
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
forces; mixing; porosity; powders; technology; walls; wills
Abstract:
... The binary-sized pebble mixed beds at the maximum packing efficiency state were numerical simulated by the DEM simulation to investigate the effect of fixed wall and pebble size ratios. The evolution of the distribution of packing fraction and porosity, radial distribution function and contact force were given and analyzed with emphasis on the effects of the fixed wall and pebble size ratio. The r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2021.05.099

85. Emerging green solvents and their applications during pesticide analysis in food and environmental samples

Author:
Herbert Musarurwa; Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
Source:
Talanta 2021 v.223 pp. 121507
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
cations; hydrogen bonding; ionic liquids; microextraction; mixing; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollution; pollution control
Abstract:
... Green solvents reduce secondary pollution of the environment during pesticide pre-concentration in food and environmental matrices. Ionic liquids are among the green solvents that are widely used during pesticides analysis. Their physico-chemical properties can be easily modified by changing the cation/anion combinations in their structures. This paper critically reviews the application of ionic l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121507

86. Energy-level modulation of coumarin-based molecular donors for efficient all small molecule fullerene-free organic solar cells

Author:
Rashmirekha Pradhan; Hemraj Dahiya; Bhawani Prasad Bag; Mukhamed L. Keshtov; Rahul Singhal; Ganesh D. Sharma; Amaresh Mishra
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2021 v.9 no.3 pp. 1563-1573
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
chemistry; electric potential difference; electrons; exhibitions; journals; materials; mixing; organic compounds; solar cells
Abstract:
... In fullerene-free single-junction organic solar cells despite a small interfacial energy offset between the donor and acceptor materials efficient hole transfer occurs, resulting in power conversion efficiencies (PCE) >16%. Here, we demonstrate efficient organic solar cells by tuning of the electronic properties through simple structural modulation of coumarin-based electron donors. The OSCs with ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ta10334a

87. Enhanced bioremediation of trichloroethene-contaminated groundwater using modified γ-PGA for continuous substrate supplement and pH control: Batch and pilot-scale studies

Author:
S.G. Luo; C.C. Chien; Y.T. Sheu; F. Verpoort; S.C. Chen; C.M. Kao
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.278 pp. 123736
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
adsorption; ammonia; biodegradability; biodegradation; bioremediation; byproducts; carbon; carboxymethylcellulose; dechlorination; droplets; gelatin; groundwater; groundwater contamination; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; hydrogen production; hydrolysis; mixing; neutralization; organochlorine compounds; pH; polyglutamic acid; stabilizers; starch; viscosity; zeta potential
Abstract:
... In this study, the modified γ-poly-glutamic acid (m-PGA) was developed for continuous substrate supplement and pH control to bioremediate trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater. The m-PGA was prepared by mixing γ-PGA and a stabilizer (a more sticky carbon source) [carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, starch, or emulsified colloidal substrate (ES)] together, which was used as a source of slow- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123736

88. Enhancing volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge by a novel cation-exchange resin assistant strategy

Author:
Heliang Pang; Junguo He; Yingqun Ma; Xinlei Pan; Yanshi Zheng; Huarong Yu; Zhongsen Yan; Jun Nan
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.278 pp. 123236
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
activated sludge; carbon; cation exchange resins; chemical oxygen demand; engineering; fermentation; mixing; response surface methodology; sodium chloride; volatile fatty acids; wastewater treatment; China
Abstract:
... This study developed a novel strategy for enhancing volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge by cation-exchange resin assistant anaerobic fermentation. The process condition was optimized by response surface methodology. Considerable sludge disintegration degree (40.9%) and volatile fatty acids yield (4619.6 mg COD/L) were achievable at the proposed process conditions, i.e. cati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123236

89. Environmental sustainability of municipal wastewater treatment through struvite precipitation: Influence of operational parameters

Author:
Avhafunani Mavhungu; Spyros Foteinis; Richard Mbaya; Vhahangwele Masindi; Ioannis Kortidis; Lizzy Mpenyana-Monyatsi; Efthalia Chatzisymeon
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.285 pp. 124856
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
ambient temperature; ammonia; chemical precipitation; complement; dosage; ecological footprint; ecosystems; energy; environmental impact; environmental performance; eutrophication; fossils; freshwater; human health; knowledge; life cycle impact assessment; magnesite; magnesium ammonium phosphate; methodology; mixing; municipal wastewater; pH; pretreatment; renewable energy sources; wastewater treatment; Lesotho; South Africa
Abstract:
... The environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment through phosphate (P) and ammonia (N) chemical precipitation (struvite) was examined using the life cycle assessment methodology. Thermally activated (calcined) cryptocrystalline magnesite was used towards struvite formation and four process parameters (contact time, magnesite dosage, initial wastewater pH and temperature) were studied. Rais ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124856

90. Estimating nest‐switching in free‐ranging wild birds: an assessment of the most common methodologies, illustrated in the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)

Author:
Sondra Turjeman; Ute Eggers; Shay Rotics; Wolfgang Fiedler; Alejandro Centeno‐Cuadros; Michael Kaatz; Damaris Zurell; Florian Jeltsch; Martin Wikelski; Ran Nathan
Source:
Ibis 2021 v.163 no.3 pp. 1110-1119
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Ciconia ciconia; case studies; mating systems; mixing; wild birds
Abstract:
... Reliable estimates of nest‐switching are required to study avian mating systems and manage wild populations, yet different estimation methods have rarely been integrated or assessed. Through a literature review and case study, we reveal that three common methods for assessing nest‐switching blend different components, producing a wide range of estimates. Careful component definition and reporting ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12933

91. Evaluation of the fertiliser replacement value of phosphorus-saturated filter media

Author:
V. Arenas-Montaño; O. Fenton; B. Moore; M.G. Healy
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.291 pp. 125943
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
adsorption; agriculture; chemical composition; circular economy; cropland; industry; information; land application; microorganisms; mineral fertilizers; mixing; paper; phosphorus; plant response; risk; soil pH; solubilization; synthetic products; wastes; water
Abstract:
... The use of filter media to adsorb phosphorus (P) from nutrient-rich waters is an effective, simple and low-cost method to recover and reuse P as an inorganic fertiliser replacement. Although it is assumed that the saturated filter media can be applied to cropland as a safe fertiliser replacement, there is presently a lack of information on the fertiliser replacement value (FRV) of such products an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125943

92. Evidence for the synthesis of La-hexaaluminate from aluminum-containing saline slag wastes: Correction of structural defects and phase purification at low temperature

Author:
J.J. Torrez-Herrera; E.G. Fuentes-Ordoñez; S.A. Korili; A. Gil
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.377 pp. 80-88
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
aluminum; catalysts; lanthanum; mixing; nitrates; purity; slags; solutions; stoichiometry; synthesis; technology; temperature; wastes
Abstract:
... The synthesis of a lanthanum hexaaluminate from the aluminum extracted from a saline slag waste is presented for the first time. Briefly, a refluxing 2 M solution of HCl is used to extract the aluminum, giving 8.9 gAₗ/dm³ along with other metals in lower concentrations. This solution is used to synthesize the hexaaluminate by mixing with a stoichiometric amount of lanthanum nitrate. The results sh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.087

93. Expanding Alternating Spherical and Cylindrical Regions by Tailoring Binary Symmetric ABC/ABC Blends

Author:
Qingyun Li; Weihua Li
Source:
Macromolecules 2021 v.54 no.18 pp. 8622-8631
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
composite polymers; mathematical theory; mixing
Abstract:
... The self-assembly of a binary blend composed of two different symmetric ABC triblock copolymers has been investigated using self-consistent field theory in the grand canonical ensemble, aiming to expand the phase regions of alternating spherical and cylindrical phases by tailoring the molecular parameters. Our study confirms that the region of the spherical phase is expanded by the effect of bidis ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01559

94. Exploiting a Multiphase Pure Formamidinium Lead Perovskite for Efficient Green-Light-Emitting Diodes

Author:
Lin Zhang; Fang Yuan; Bo Jiao; Hua Dong; Jingrui Li; Zhaoxin Wu
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2021 v.13 no.19 pp. 23067-23073
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
composite materials; emissions; engineering; engineers; ions; light emitting diodes; mixing
Abstract:
... Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites have demonstrated excellent advances in optoelectronics recently, but in terms of perovskite compounds, the optimal condition of their composition optimization remains controversial. Herein, we boosted the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in both efficiency and stability through composition and phase engineering. The low-dimensional FA₂P ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.1c00116

95. Exploring the film growth in perovskite solar cells

Author:
Jing Zhao; Zhizai Li; Meng Wang; Qian Wang; Zhiwen Jin
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2021 v.9 no.10 pp. 6029-6049
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
additives; annealing; crystal structure; engineering; engineers; growth factors; journals; materials; mixing; small cereal grains; solar cells; solvents
Abstract:
... In the past ten years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great potential for development, with their maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 25.5%. However, poor perovskite films with low coverage, pores, and small grain size are often obtained in the actual preparation process. These issues not only make it more difficult to achieve a high PCE, but also lead to the easy decompos ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ta11448k

96. Fast grid preparation for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

Author:
Klebl David P.; Sobott Frank; White Howard D.; Muench Stephen P.
Source:
Journal of visualized experiments 2021 no.177 pp. e62199
ISSN:
1940-087X
Subject:
algorithms; cryo-electron microscopy; design; dispensers; experimental design; fields; freezing; ice; journals; mixing; pins; proteins; sampling; spraying; trapping; traps; wills
Abstract:
... The field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is rapidly developing with new hardware and processing algorithms, producing higher resolution structures and information on more challenging systems. Sample preparation for cryo-EM is undergoing a similar revolution with new approaches being developed to supersede the traditional blotting systems. These include the use of piezo-electric dispensers, ...
DOI:
10.3791/62199

97. Fire dynamics in mass timber compartments

Author:
Carmen Gorska; Juan P. Hidalgo; Jose L. Torero
Source:
Fire safety journal 2021 v.120 pp. 103098
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
burning; construction industry; fire safety; fuel loading; gases; heat; mass timber; mixing; models; temperature
Abstract:
... Since Engineered Wood Products (EWPs) have entered the building industry as structural elements, several fire safety concerns have arisen, especially for high-rise structures.The combustible nature of timber suggests that the current models and correlations for compartment fire dynamics might not apply to compartments with timber boundaries, due to the increased fuel load and its redistribution ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103098

98. Folic Acid/Peptides Modified PLGA–PEI–PEG Polymeric Vectors as Efficient Gene Delivery Vehicles: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Biological Performance

Author:
Chaoyu Liu; Yuancai Xie; Xiaohua Li; Xumei Yao; Xuanbin Wang; Min Wang; Zongxian Li; Fengjun Cao
Source:
Molecular biotechnology 2021 v.63 no.1 pp. 63-79
ISSN:
1073-6085
Subject:
DNA; biodegradability; biotechnology; composite polymers; cytotoxicity; encapsulation; ethylene glycol; folic acid; hydrophilicity; mixing; particle size; peptides; shape; synthesis; transfection
Abstract:
... Polymeric vectors are safer alternatives for gene delivery owing to their advantages as compared to viral vectors. To improve the stability and transfection efficiency of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-based vectors, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), folic acid (FA), arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides and isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) peptide ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12033-020-00285-5

99. From bolus to digesta: How structural disintegration affects starch hydrolysis during oral-gastro-intestinal digestion of bread

Author:
Jing Gao; Eileen Yi Ning Tan; Sherlene Hui Ling Low; Yong Wang; Jian Ying; Zhizhong Dong; Weibiao Zhou
Source:
Journal of food engineering 2021 v.289 pp. 110161
ISSN:
0260-8774
Subject:
breads; cohesion; cutting; digesta; digestion; grinding; hydrolysis; in vitro digestion; intestines; mixing; particle size; saliva; starch
Abstract:
... This study aimed to understand the role of structural disintegration on starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion. In particular, the impact of in vitro oral processing method (i.e. cutting, cut-and-pestle, blending and grinding) and bread structure (i.e. baked bread, steamed bread and baguette) were investigated. Structural disintegration and starch hydrolysis of bread bolus through oral, gastr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110161

100. GPU-based DEM simulation for scale-up of bladed mixers

Author:
Angga Pratama Herman; Jieqing Gan; Aibing Yu
Source:
Powder technology 2021 v.382 pp. 300-317
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
correlation; exhibitions; forces; geometry; mixers; mixing; technology; torque; velocity
Abstract:
... GPU-based DEM is used to study large-scale particle mixing in bladed mixers. A bladed mixer is scaled-up to three different sizes by maintaining the geometric similarity. Four Froude numbers are selected as the main operating conditions of bladed mixers with different sizes. The results demonstrated that the mixing quality across different mixer sizes is similar at the same Froude number, but it r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.045