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1. A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research

Author:
Santos, N. R.; Beck, A.; Fontbonne, A.
Source:
Thejournal of small animal practice 2020 v.61 no.2 pp. 85-92
ISSN:
0022-4510
Subject:
adults; behavior problems; bitches; humans; litter size; maternal behavior; neonates; parturition; progeny; puppies; weaning
Abstract:
... Here we review information on maternal behaviour in dogs, defined as a combination of all the acts of the mother towards her offspring, which begins before parturition and continues until weaning. In dogs, maternal care is measured using the most commonly observed behaviours, such as the time spent in contact, licking/grooming and nursing of the puppies. Since newborn puppies have a very limited c ...
DOI:
10.1111/jsap.13085
PubMed:
31808169
PubMed Central:
PMC7027574

2. Relationship between placental characteristics and puppies’ birth weight in toy and small sized dog breeds

Author:
Tesi, Matteo; Miragliotta, Vincenzo; Scala, Lorenza; Aronica, Elisa; Lazzarini, Giulia; Fanelli, Diana; Abramo, Francesca; Rota, Alessandra
Source:
Theriogenology 2020 v.141 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
antibodies; bitches; dog breeds; immunohistochemistry; litter size; low birth weight; mice; neonatal mortality; neonates; normal values; placenta; pregnancy; puppies
Abstract:
... Puppy neonatal mortality may be related to low birth weight, which has been shown in humans to be linked to placental factors. The relation between the newborn puppy and the placental characteristics has been poorly investigated in dogs. Twenty bitches, 9 toy-sized (i.e. < 5 Kg) and 11 small-sized (i.e. 5 to 10 Kg), were included in this study. During natural delivery or c-section, puppies were id ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.017

3. Occurrence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in successive parturitions of bitches and their puppies in two kennels in Italy

Author:
Corrò, Michela; Skarin, Joakim; Börjesson, Stefan; Rota, Ada
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2018 v.14 no.1 pp. 308
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius; antibiotic resistance; bitches; breeding; methicillin; milk; neonates; pets; puppies; sequence analysis; Italy
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Multi-drug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) detection is rapidly increasing in microbial specimens from pets across Europe. MRSP has also been isolated from bitches and newborns in dog breeding kennels. This study assessed whether MRSP lineage differs between breeding kennels and is maintained over time. Post-partum bitches (at day 3 vaginal and day 3, 9 and ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-018-1612-z
PubMed:
30309348
PubMed Central:
PMC6182839

4. Elastographic and echotextural characteristics of foetal lungs and liver during the final 5 days of intrauterine development in dogs

Author:
Rodrigues Simões, Ana Paula; Rossi Feliciano, Marcus Antonio; Maronezi, Marjury Cristina; Uscategui, Ricardo Andres Ramirez; Bartlewski, Pawel Mieczyslaw; de Almeida, Vivian Tavares; Oh, David; do Espírito Santo Silva, Paloma; da Silva, Liege Cristina Garcia; Russiano Vicente, Wilter Ricardo
Source:
Animal reproduction science 2018 v.197 pp. 170-176
ISSN:
0378-4320
Subject:
acoustics; analysis of variance; bitches; diagnostic techniques; health status; liver; lungs; neonates; parenchyma (animal tissue); quantitative analysis; ultrasonography; whelping
Abstract:
... Objective was to evaluate the echotexture and characteristics during terminal development of canine foetal respiratory and hepatic systems through elastographic examinations. Fifteen pregnant bitches were evaluated by ultrasonography twice daily, from the 53rd gestational day until whelping, and images obtained from 120 to 0 h before parturition were analysed. Images of foetal lungs and liver were ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.025

5. Association of amniotic uric acid, glucose, lactate and creatinine concentrations and lactate/creatinine ratio with newborn survival in small-sized dogs – preliminary results

Author:
Bolis, Barbara; Scarpa, Paola; Rota, Alessandro; Vitiello, Tiziana; Veronesi, Maria Cristina
Source:
Acta veterinaria Hungarica 2018 v.66 no.1 pp. 125-136
ISSN:
1588-2705
Subject:
amniotic fluid; bitches; cesarean section; creatinine; death; extraembryonic membranes; fetus; glucose; lactic acid; males; neonates; puppies; purebreds; risk; uric acid
Abstract:
... In order to define the normal composition of canine amniotic fluid and to detect differences between surviving and non-surviving newborn puppies, the present study determined the uric acid, glucose, lactate and creatinine concentrations and the lactate to creatinine ratio in amniotic fluids collected during elective Caesarean section from small-sized purebred bitches. The possible relationship bet ...
DOI:
10.1556/004.2018.012

6. Comparison of 3 anesthetic protocols for the elective cesarean-section in the dog: Effects on the bitch and the newborn puppies

Author:
Vilar, José M.; Batista, M.; Pérez, R.; Zagorskaia, A.; Jouanisson, E.; Díaz-Bertrana, L.; Rosales, S.
Source:
Animal reproduction science 2018 v.190 pp. 53-62
ISSN:
0378-4320
Subject:
Bull Terrier; French Bulldog; Yorkshire Terrier; anesthesia; bitches; blood pressure; cesarean section; congenital abnormalities; fentanyl; heart rate; models; morphine; neonatal mortality; neonates; puppies; sevoflurane; viability
Abstract:
... This study assessed the influence of 3 different anesthetic protocols based on the quality of anesthesia induction and maintenance in four dog breeds (French Bulldog, n = 13; Yorkshire terrier, n = 12; Chihuahua, n = 10; Bull Terrier, n = 10) subjected to cesarean section. Neonatal mortality, birth defects and newborn viability were assessed. All females were pre-medicated with morphine (IM), and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.007

7. Time-dependent changes and prognostic value of lactatemia during the first 24 h of life in brachycephalic newborn dogs

Author:
Castagnetti, C.; Cunto, M.; Bini, C.; Mariella, J.; Capolongo, S.; Zambelli, D.
Source:
Theriogenology 2017 v.94 pp. 100-104
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
bitches; blood; blood glucose; cesarean section; distress; foals; glucose; humans; hypoxia; lactic acid; medicine; monitoring; morbidity; mothers; neonates; patients; prognosis; puppies; veterinary medicine; viability; whelping
Abstract:
... Blood lactate concentration is known to be a good prognostic indicator associated with the severity of illness and the patient's outcome both in human and veterinary medicine. It also plays a significant role in the assessment of the newborn, being a good indicator of fetal hypoxia and the ideal predictor of morbidity at term in babies. In veterinary neonatal medicine, hyperlactatemia is considere ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.040

8. Canine and feline colostrum

Author:
Chastant‐Maillard, S; Aggouni, C; Albaret, A; Fournier, A; Mila, H
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2017 v.52 Suppl S2 pp. 148-152
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
absorption; adults; bitches; blood flow; body weight; breeds; colostrum; cytokines; digestive tract; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; kittens; lactoferrin; leukocytes; litter size; lysozyme; mammary glands; milk; neonatal mortality; neonates; nutrients; parturition; puppies; risk; secretion; suckling
Abstract:
... Puppy and kitten survival over the first weeks is particularly dependent on colostrum, a specific secretion of the mammary gland produced during the first 2 days post‐partum. Colostrum is a source of nutrients and immunoglobulins. It also contributes to the digestive tract maturation. Colostrum differentiates from milk mainly based on its concentration in immunoglobulins G: 20–30 g/L in dog colost ...
DOI:
10.1111/rda.12830

9. Determination of gestational time and prediction of parturition in dogs and cats: an update

Author:
Beccaglia, M.; Alonge, S.; Trovo’, C.; Luvoni, G. C.
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2016 v.51 Suppl S1 pp. 12-17
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
bitches; breeding; cats; heart rate; medicine; neonates; ovulation; parturition; pets; prediction; pregnancy; radiography; radiology; small animal practice; surgery; ultrasonography; England
Abstract:
... Accurate prediction of delivery date in canine and feline allows a better management of parturition, reducing the loss of neonates. This review evaluates the most common methods adopted to accurately predict the day of delivery: determination of ovulation and hormonal assays, first appearance of embryonic/foetal structures using ultrasound or radiography, echographic measurement of extra‐foetal an ...
DOI:
10.1111/rda.12782

10. The influence of the obstetrical condition on canine neonatal pulmonary functional competence

Author:
Silva, Liege Garcia; Portari, Guilherme Vannucchi; Lúcio, Cristina Fátima; Rodrigues, Jaqueline Aguiar; Veiga, Gisele Lima; Vannucchi, Camila Infantosi
Source:
Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care 2015 v.25 no.6 pp. 725-730
ISSN:
1479-3261
Subject:
amniotic fluid; bitches; cesarean section; clinical examination; dystocia; high performance liquid chromatography; neonates; puppies; respiratory rate; sphingomyelins; surfactants
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of the obstetrical condition on neonatal respiratory performance, to estimate surfactant synthesis through lecithin and sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) in amniotic fluid of pregnant bitches and correlate the L/S with the respiratory condition during the first hour of life. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: University veterinary teaching hospital and priva ...
DOI:
10.1111/vec.12368

11. Immunoglobulins G and lysozyme concentrations in canine fetal fluids at term of pregnancy

Author:
Dall’Ara, P.; Meloni, T.; Rota, A.; Servida, F.; Filipe, J.; Veronesi, M.C.
Source:
Theriogenology 2015 v.83 no.4 pp. 766-771
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
abnormal development; amniotic fluid; bitches; body size; cesarean section; immunoglobulin G; lysozyme; males; maternal effect; maternal immunity; neonates; placenta; pregnancy; puppies; purebreds
Abstract:
... In the dog, the endotheliochorial placenta allows only the 5% to 10% transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus, but the timing and the factors influencing the immunoglobulin G (IgG) transplacental transport were not fully investigated. The aims of the present study were the following: (1) to assess the presence of both IgG and lysozyme in amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from fully devel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.013

12. Multicentre, randomised clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of alfaxalone administered to bitches for induction of anaesthesia prior to caesarean section

Author:
Metcalfe, S; Hulands‐Nave, A; Bell, M; Kidd, C; Pasloske, K; O'Hagan, B; Perkins, N; Whittem, T
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2014 v.92 no.9 pp. 333-338
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
anesthesia; bitches; cesarean section; isoflurane; neonates; oxygen; puppies; pups; randomized clinical trials; reflexes; survival rate; viability
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical safety and efficacy of alfaxalone in bitches undergoing caesarean section (CS) and their puppies when it is administered for induction of anaesthesia followed by maintenance with isoflurane and oxygen and in conjunction with perioperative pharmaceuticals. DESIGN: A multicentre, randomised, positive‐controlled clinical study. METHODS: A total of 74 bitches were ...
DOI:
10.1111/avj.12223
PubMed:
25156052

13. IGF-I and NEFA concentrations in fetal fluids of term pregnancy dogs

Author:
Meloni, Tea; Comin, Antonella; Rota, Alessandro; Peric, Tanja; Contri, Alberto; Veronesi, Maria Cristina
Source:
Theriogenology 2014 v.81 no.9 pp. 1307-1311
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
allantoic fluid; allantois; amnion; amniotic fluid; bitches; body size; breeds; cesarean section; dystocia; fetal development; free fatty acids; hormones; insulin-like growth factor I; males; neonatal development; neonates; parturition; pregnancy; puppies; risk
Abstract:
... Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) play an essential role in fetal growth and development. To date, fetal fluids IGF-I and NEFA levels at term canine pregnancy are unknown and could be related to the neonatal development and breed size. For these reasons, the aims of the present study were as follows: (1) to evaluate IGF-I and NEFA concentrations in fetal fl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.02.013

14. Elective Caesarean Operation in the Bitch Using Aglepristone Before the Pre-Partum Decline in Peripheral Progesterone Concentration

Author:
Levy, X.; Fontaine, E.; Segalini, V.; Fontbonne, A.
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2009 v.44 no.s2 pp. 182-184
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
antagonists; bitches; breeds; cesarean section; neonates; ovulation; premature birth; progesterone; puppies; pups
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate caesarean operation (CO) undertaken before the pre-partum decrease of progesterone but following administration of a progesterone receptor antagonist and to evaluate the innocuity of this procedure for the dam and pups. Thirty seven bitches of 15 different breeds, received an injection of 15 mg/kg aglepristone 59 or 60 days after the estimated day of ovulat ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01386.x
PubMed:
19754563

15. Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in reinfected pregnant female canines

Author:
Bresciani, K. D. S.; Costa, A. J.; Toniollo, G. H.; Luvizzoto, M. C. R.; Kanamura, C. T.; Moraes, F. R.; Perri, S. H. V.; Gennari, S. M.
Source:
Parasitology research 2009 v.104 no.5 pp. 1213-1217
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Toxoplasma gondii; abortion (animals); adults; bioassays; bitches; fetal death; fever; fluorescence; immunohistochemistry; mice; neonates; oocysts; pups; spinal cord; tachyzoites; transplacental transmission
Abstract:
... Twelve pregnant female canines, naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii, were reinfected with T. gondii: three (GI) received tachyzoites subcutaneously (1.0 × 107), three (GII) were orally inoculated with oocysts (1.5 × 104), and six (GIII) were kept as a nonreinfected control group. All the reinfected female canines (GI and GII) miscarried or presented fetal death, while only one GIII female pr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-008-1317-5
PubMed:
19137327

16. Bacteriological Status of Canine Milk and Septicaemia in Neonatal Puppies – a Retrospective Study

Author:
Schafer-Somi, S.; Spergser, J.; Breitenfellner, J.; Aurich, J.E.
Source:
Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B. 2003 v.50 no.7 pp. 343-346
ISSN:
0931-1793
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Staphylococcus intermedius; Streptococcus; bacteria; bitches; lactation; mastitis; milk; neonates; periparturient diseases and disorders; puppies; retrospective studies; septicemia
Abstract:
... Results of the bacteriological examination of milk samples from 46 bitches were evaluated retrospectively, and correlated with findings of the bacteriological examination of organs from dead, septicaemic puppies in their litters (n = 33). The aim of this study was to investigate, in how many cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis of the bitches, the same bacteria can be detected in their septi ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00672.x