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1. The Correct Cover Crop Species Integrated with Slurry Can Increase Biomass, Quality and Nitrogen Cycling to Positively Affect Yields in a Subsequent Spring Barley Rotation

Author:
Black, Lisa,   et al.   ; Cottney, Paul; White, Ethel; N. Williams, Paul;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Brassica; Raphanus sativus; agronomy; biomass; carbon; carbon nitrogen ratio; cover crops; crop yield; exhibitions; fallow; farming systems; land; legumes; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nutrient uptake; radishes; slurries; soil; soil minerals; spring barley; sustainable agriculture; tillage
Abstract:
... The aim of this study is to identify species of cover crops that cause an increase in biomass and total nutrient accumulation in response to manure/slurry. This could improve nutrient efficiency and intensify the benefits from over-winter cover crops in arable rotations and improve following commercial crop yields. In a pot experiment, sixteen cover crops were grown for 100 days in response to slu ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10111760

2. Seasonality of leaf area index and photosynthetic capacity for better estimation of carbon and water fluxes in evergreen conifer forests

Author:
Black, Andy,   et al.   ; Wang, Rong; Chen, Jing M.; Luo, Xiangzhong; Arain, Altaf;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 v.279 pp. 107708
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
autumn; biosphere; canopy; carbon; carboxylation; chlorophyll; coniferous forests; cropland; deciduous forests; eddy covariance; equations; evapotranspiration; gross primary productivity; growing season; leaf area index; leaves; longevity; nitrogen; photosynthesis; remote sensing; seasonal variation; simulation models; spring; terrestrial ecosystems; uncertainty; winter; Canada
Abstract:
... Leaf area index (LAI), defined as one half the total leaf area per unit ground area, and Vcmax, representing the maximal carboxylation rate of leaves, are two most significant parameters used in most Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs). The ability of TBMs to simulate gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) for evergreen needle-leave forests (ENF) can be significantly hampered ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107708

3. Quantifying niche partitioning and multichannel feeding among tree squirrels

Author:
Black, Kristina L.,   et al.   ; Pauli, Jonathan N.; Manlick, Philip J.; Dharampal, Prarthana S.; Takizawa, Yuko; Chikaraishi, Yoshito; Niccolai, Laura J.; Grauer, Jennifer A.; Garces Restrepo, Mario; Perrig, Paula L.; Wilson, Evan C.; Martin, Marie E.; Rodriguez Curras, Mauriel; Bougie, Tiffany A.; Thompson, Kimberly L.; Smith, Matthew M.; Steffan, Shawn A.;     Show all 17 Authors
Source:
Food webs 2019 v.21 pp. e00124
ISSN:
2352-2496
Subject:
carbon; ecological communities; ecological differentiation; food webs; foraging; global change; glutamic acid; invertebrates; nitrogen; phenylalanine; squirrels; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... Quantifying resource partitioning is central to community and food web ecology and of increasing interest in an era of rapid global change disrupting biotic interactions. Multichannel feeding – consuming resources from both green and brown food webs – can be a stabilizing force in communities. While multichannel feeding has been well-documented in invertebrate and aquatic systems, it has been rela ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00124

4. Impacts of long term copper exposure on abundance of nitrogen cycling genes and denitrification activity in pasture soils

Author:
Black, Amanda,   et al.   ; Wakelin, Steve; Hamonts, Kelly; Gerard, Emily; Condron, Leo;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Applied soil ecology 2019 v.138 pp. 253-261
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
DNA; agricultural soils; biosolids; copper; denitrification; denitrifying bacteria; genes; greenhouse gas emissions; intensive farming; metagenomics; nitrification; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrous oxide; nitrous oxide production; nitrous-oxide reductase; organic matter; pastures; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; salts; zinc
Abstract:
... Soils are the main source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, with 60–70% of global N2O production due to the enhanced denitrification activity with elevated nitrogen (N) availability associated with agricultural intensification. The amendment of agricultural soils with biosolids, the residual product of wastewater treatment, has been used for several decades as an inexpensive source of organic matt ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.03.009

5. The effect of sex, age, and location on carnivory in Utah black bears (Ursus americanus)

Author:
Black, Hal L.,   et al.   ; Hatch, Kent A.; Kester, Kimberly A.; Auger, Janene; Roeder, Beverly L.; Bunnell, Kevin;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Oecologia 2019 v.189 no.4 pp. 931-937
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Ursus americanus; adults; altitude; carbon; carnivores; dietary protein; foods; geographical distribution; habitats; hairs; life history; nitrogen; reproductive success; stable isotopes; teeth; ungulates; Intermountain West region; Utah
Abstract:
... Ungulates are important to the diet of bears because they are high in protein, and the level of dietary protein strongly influences bear size. The size a bear obtains as an adult influences important life history characteristics, such as age of reproduction and reproductive success; therefore, it is important to know what foods are available to bears and how they are utilizing them. We tested hypo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-019-04385-1

6. Yield components of lucerne were affected by sowing dates and inoculation treatments

Author:
Black, David B.S.,   et al.   ; Jáuregui, José Martín; Mills, Annamaria; Wigley, Kathryn; Ridgway, Hayley J.; Moot, Derrick J.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
European journal of agronomy 2019 v.103 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1161-0301
Subject:
Medicago sativa; alfalfa; autumn; biomass; crop models; crops; experimental design; leaf area; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; peat; photosynthesis; physiological response; roots; seed treatment; shoots; simulation models; slurries; sowing date; spring; winter; yield components; New Zealand
Abstract:
... This study analysed the effects of sowing dates and inoculation treatments on yield components of rainfed lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crops grown at Lincoln University, New Zealand. Crops were sown in a split-plot design on 26 January, 21 February, 15 March and 3 April 2012, combined with five inoculation treatments (ALOSCA®, coated seed, Nodulator®, peat slurry and bare seed). Shoot biomass was ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.eja.2018.10.005

7. Spatial assessment of land degradation through key ecosystem services: The role of globally available data

Author:
Black, Helaina,   et al.   ; Cerretelli, Stefania; Poggio, Laura; Gimona, Alessandro; Yakob, Getahun; Boke, Shiferaw; Habte, Mulugeta; Coull, Malcolm; Peressotti, Alessandro;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2018 v.628-629 pp. 539-555
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
data collection; decision making; developing countries; ecosystem services; issues and policy; land degradation; models; nitrogen; nutrient retention; sediments; soil; surveys
Abstract:
... Land degradation is a serious issue especially in dry and developing countries leading to ecosystem services (ESS) degradation due to soil functions' depletion. Reliably mapping land degradation spatial distribution is therefore important for policy decisions. The main objectives of this paper were to infer land degradation through ESS assessment and compare the modelling results obtained using di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.085

8. Synthesis and 1H, 13C and 15N NMR characterisation of substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines and related compounds

Author:
Black, Shannon L.,   et al.   ; O'Connor, Patrick D.; Boyd, Maruta; Blaser, Adrian; Kendall, Jackie D.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron 2018 v.74 no.22 pp. 2797-2806
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
carbon; chemical structure; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; quinolines; stable isotopes; tautomerization
Abstract:
... A wide range of novel and known alkyl substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines and related compounds were synthesized. Some of these compounds can undergo tautomerism and differences have been noted in the structural assignments already published. For each of these compounds, a complete assignment was made using ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements, including NOESY, COSY, ¹H-¹³C ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.061

9. Digital RGB photography and visible-range spectroscopy for soil composition analysis

Author:
Black, Helaina,   et al.   ; Aitkenhead, Matt; Cameron, Clare; Gaskin, Graham; Choisy, Bastien; Coull, Malcolm;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Geoderma 2018 v.313 pp. 265-275
ISSN:
0016-7061
Subject:
calibration; carbon; clay; climate; color; color photography; digital images; edaphic factors; inventories; neural networks; nitrogen; organic matter; pH; prototypes; sand; silt; soil composition; spectroscopy; topography; topsoil; vegetation; Scotland
Abstract:
... We demonstrate calibration models developed for a number of soil variables, based on colour information derived from standard digital photography and a prototype visible-wavelength spectroscopy device. The samples used were taken from the National Soils Inventory of Scotland and included topsoil samples taken either from the upper horizon or bulked from the top 20cm. A total of 31 variables were i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.020

10. Weed suppression greatly increased by plant diversity in intensively managed grasslands: A continental‐scale experiment

Author:
Black, Alistair,   et al.   ; Connolly, John; Sebastià, Maria‐Teresa; Kirwan, Laura; Finn, John Anthony; Llurba, Rosa; Suter, Matthias; Collins, Rosemary P.; Porqueddu, Claudio; Helgadóttir, Áslaug; Baadshaug, Ole H.; Bélanger, Gilles; Brophy, Caroline; Čop, Jure; Dalmannsdóttir, Sigridur; Delgado, Ignacio; Elgersma, Anjo; Fothergill, Michael; Frankow‐Lindberg, Bodil E.; Ghesquiere, An; Golinski, Piotr; Grieu, Philippe; Gustavsson, Anne‐Maj; Höglind, Mats; Huguenin‐Elie, Olivier; Jørgensen, Marit; Kadziuliene, Zydre; Lunnan, Tor; Nykanen‐Kurki, Paivi; Ribas, Angela; Taube, Friedhelm; Thumm, Ulrich; De Vliegher, Alex; Lüscher, Andreas;     Show all 34 Authors
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.2 pp. 852-862
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
annual weeds; biomass; confidence interval; cutting; field experimentation; forage; grasslands; models; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; species diversity; statistical analysis; sustainable agricultural intensification; weed control
Abstract:
... Grassland diversity can support sustainable intensification of grassland production through increased yields, reduced inputs and limited weed invasion. We report the effects of diversity on weed suppression from 3 years of a 31‐site continental‐scale field experiment. At each site, 15 grassland communities comprising four monocultures and 11 four‐species mixtures based on a wide range of species' ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.12991
PubMed:
29540935
PubMed Central:
PMC5836893

11. In-season decision support tools for estimating sidedress nitrogen rates for corn in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain

Author:
Black, Tyler,   et al.   ; Chim, Bee Khim; Davis, Paul; Thomason, Wade;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 2017 v.40 no.20 pp. 2818-2828
ISSN:
1532-4087
Subject:
Zea mays; algorithms; canopy; coastal plains; corn; crop rotation; decision support systems; environmental impact; field experimentation; grain yield; meteorological data; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient use efficiency; reflectance; simulation models; stover; Mid-Atlantic region; Virginia
Abstract:
... In corn (Zea mays L.) production, determining appropriate nitrogen (N) rates is a critical part of achieving profitable yields, while minimizing negative environmental effects. Many tools to assist in the determination of optimum corn sidedress N rates exist, however, those that are low cost, that can be used in real time and that do not require extensive scouting or sampling may be preferred. Thi ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904167.2017.1382531

12. Application of biochar and nitrogen influences fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a forest soil

Author:
Black, T. Andrew,   et al.   ; Hawthorne, Iain; Johnson, Mark S.; Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Grant, Nicholas J.; Smukler, Sean M.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2017 v.192 pp. 203-214
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
application rate; biochar; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; fertilizer application; forest soils; forests; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; greenhouse soils; methane; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrous oxide; soil amendments; urea nitrogen; wood
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) fertilization of forests for increasing carbon sequestration and wood volume is expected to influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially to increase N2O emissions. As biochar application is known to affect soil GHG emissions, we investigated the effect of biochar application, with and without N fertilization, to a forest soil on GHG emissions in a controlled laboratory st ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.066

13. Establishing peach trees for organic production in Utah and the Intermountain West

Author:
Black, B.L.,   et al.   ; Reeve, J.R.; Culumber, C.M.; Tebeau, A.; Ransom, C.V.; Alston, D.; Rowley, M.; Lindstrom, T.;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2017 v.214 pp. 242-251
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
Lotus corniculatus; Prunus persica; climate; composts; farms; feather meal; fruit trees; herbicides; leaves; live mulches; mineral fertilizers; nitrogen; orchards; organic foods; organic production; paper; peaches; phosphorus; potassium; straw mulches; summer; tree growth; urea; weed control; winter; Intermountain West region; Utah
Abstract:
... Adequate weed control and nutrient supply are critical for successful establishment of fruit trees. This is of particular concern in organic orchard establishment. In order to determine the best approach for establishing peach trees (Prunus persica L.) organically in climates characterized by hot dry summers and cold winters such as the North American Intermountain West, seven organic and three in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.040
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.040

14. Effects of thermal pretreatment and catalyst on biomass gasification efficiency and syngas composition

Author:
Black, Stuart K.,   et al.   ; Cheah, Singfoong; Jablonski, Whitney S.; Olstad, Jessica L.; Carpenter, Daniel L.; Barthelemy, Kevin D.; Robichaud, David J.; Andrews, Joy C.; Oddo, Marc D.; Westover, Tyler L.;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Green chemistry 2016 v.18 no.23 pp. 6291-6304
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
air; biomass; carbon; catalysts; cerium; drying; fluidized beds; gasification; green chemistry; hydrogen; hydrogen production; methane; nickel; nitrogen; olivine; pelleting; synthesis gas; torrefaction
Abstract:
... This work explores the combined effects of thermal pretreatment and using a catalyst in situ on gasification carbon conversion efficiency, as well as product gas and tar content and compositions. To compare the effects of thermal pretreatment, pelletized and ground oak with three different levels of thermal pretreatment were gasified in a fluidized bed reactor. The pretreatments applied to the oak ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6gc01661h

15. Relative importance of local- and large-scale drivers of alpine soil microarthropod communities

Author:
Black, Helaina,   et al.   ; Mitchell, Ruth J.; Urpeth, Hannah M.; Britton, Andrea J.; Taylor, Astrid R.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Oecologia 2016 v.182 no.3 pp. 913-924
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Collembola; Mesostigmata; Prostigmata; Sarcoptiformes; biodiversity; climate; community structure; ecosystems; food availability; food quality; habitats; mites; mosses and liverworts; nitrogen; pollution; rain; soil; soil fauna; temperature; vegetation; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) deposition and climate are acknowledged drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem function at large scales. However, at a local scale, their impact on functions and community structure of organisms is filtered by drivers like habitat quality and food quality/availability. This study assesses the relative impact of large-scale factors, N deposition and climate (rainfall and tempe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-016-3688-0

16. Soil nutrient removal by four potential bioenergy crops: Zea mays, Panicum virgatum, Miscanthus × giganteus, and prairie

Author:
Black, Christopher K.,   et al.   ; Masters, Michael D.; Kantola, Ilsa B.; Woli, Krishna P.; Voigt, Thomas; David, Mark B.; DeLucia, Evan H.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2016 v.216 pp. 51-60
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Glycine max; Panicum virgatum; Zea mays; bioenergy; biomass; calcium; corn; cropping systems; energy crops; geographical variation; grasses; groundwater; iron; magnesium; manganese; nitrogen; nutrients; perennials; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; soil nutrients; soybeans; species diversity; sulfur; urea; zinc; Illinois; Kentucky; Nebraska; New Jersey
Abstract:
... Replacing annual row crops with perennial grasses for bioenergy represents a landscape-level change in species composition, with the potential to impact annual soil nutrient removal on a regional scale. In this study we measured the concentration of ten essential nutrients in harvested material from three potential perennial bioenergy crops: Panicum virgatum L., Miscanthus×giganteus, and a reestab ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.016

17. Bromination of 2,7′-bi-indolyls and quinazolin-7-ones

Author:
Black, David StC.,   et al.   ; Mielczarek, Marcin; Bhadbhade, Mohan; Chen, Rui; Kumar, Naresh;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron 2015 v.71 pp. 8925-8942
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; bromination; bromine; isomers; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organic compounds
Abstract:
... Efficient regioselective procedures for bromination of 2,7′-bi-indolyls and quinazolin-7-ones using molecular bromine and N-bromosuccinimide were developed to afford a wide range of novel mono-, di-, tri- and tetrabrominated derivatives with various substitution patterns. Protection of the nitrogen atoms in the 2,7′-bi-indolyl scaffold by acetyl, benzenesulfonyl and carbonyl groups was investigate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.064

18. Yeast Coq9 controls deamination of coenzyme Q intermediates that derive from para-aminobenzoic acid

Author:
Black, Dylan S.,   et al.   ; He, Cuiwen H.; Nguyen, Theresa P.T.; Wang, Charles; Srinivasan, Chandra; Clarke, Catherine F.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2015 v.1851 no.9 pp. 1227-1239
ISSN:
1388-1981
Subject:
biosynthesis; deamination; dissociation; gene overexpression; mitochondria; mutants; nitrogen; polypeptides; temperature; ubiquinones; yeasts
Abstract:
... Coq9 is a polypeptide subunit in a mitochondrial multi-subunit complex, termed the CoQ-synthome, required for biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q). Deletion of COQ9 results in dissociation of the CoQ-synthome, but over-expression of Coq8 putative kinase stabilizes the CoQ-synthome in the coq9 null mutant and leads to the accumulation of two nitrogen-containing Q intermediates, imino-demeth ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.003
PubMed:
26008578
PubMed Central:
PMC4516658

19. Triacylglycerol synthesis during nitrogen stress involves the prokaryotic lipid synthesis pathway and acyl chain remodeling in the microalgae Coccomyxa subellipsoidea

Author:
Black, Paul N.,   et al.   ; Allen, James W.; DiRusso, Concetta C.;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Algal research 2015 v.10 pp. 110-120
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
Coccomyxa; bioreactors; cell membranes; chloroplasts; galactolipids; glycerol; lipid metabolism; liquid chromatography; microalgae; models; nitrates; nitrogen; nutrient deficiencies; phospholipids; starvation; tandem mass spectrometry; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... Triglyceride (TAG) synthesis during nitrogen starvation and recovery was addressed using Coccomyxa subellipsoidea by analyzing acyl-chain composition and redistribution using a bioreactor-controlled time course. Galactolipids, phospholipids and TAGs were profiled using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS). TAG levels increased linearly through 10days of N starvation to a final ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.019

20. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Forest Carbon Sequestration and Water Loss in a Chronosequence of Three Douglas-Fir Stands in the Pacific Northwest

Author:
Black, T. Andrew,   et al.   ; Dou, Xianming; Chen, Baozhang; Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Che, Mingliang;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Forests 2015 v.6 no.6 pp. 1897-1921
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Pseudotsuga menziesii; carbon; carbon sequestration; chronosequences; ecosystem respiration; evapotranspiration; fertilizer application; forests; gross primary productivity; models; net ecosystem production; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; radiation use efficiency; stand age; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... To examine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on forest carbon (C) sequestration and water loss, we used an artificial neural network model to estimate C fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET) in response to N fertilization during four post-fertilization years in a Pacific Northwest chronosequence of three Douglas-fir stands aged 61, 22 and 10 years old in 2010 (DF49, HDF88 and HDF00, respectivel ...
DOI:
10.3390/f6061897