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1. A Solar Energy Accelerated Process for Combined Desizing, Scouring, and Bleaching of Cotton Fabrics

Author:
M.L. Gulrajani; Sanjay Gupta; S.K. Gupta
Source:
Textile research journal 1989 v.59 no.4 pp. 217-226
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
bleaching; cotton fabric; ovens; solar collectors; solar energy; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A simple "hot box" type solar collector has been used to achieve simultaneous desizing, scouring, and bleaching of cotton fabrics using a pad-batch method. Excellent properties have been obtained with a batching time of a mere 1½ hours. We discuss the design and efficiency of the solar oven and the results of the experiments done in it. Our observations clearly demonstrate that the solar energy co ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051758905900405

2. A Process for Combined Scouring and Bleaching of a Polyester / Cotton Blend in a Solar Oven

Author:
M.L. Gulrajani; R.M. Mittal; Sanjay Gupta
Source:
Textile research journal 1990 v.60 no.6 pp. 361-367
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
bleaching; chlorites; cotton; fabrics; heat; ovens; polyesters; solar collectors; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A simple "hot box" solar collector, reported in an earlier paper, was modified into a cylindrical circular trough solar concentrator for ease of fabric loading and uniform year-round heating. Combined scouring and bleaching of polyester/cotton suiting by a pad-batch method was done using sodium chlorite with comparable results. The paper discusses the design and performance of the modified solar o ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051759006000607

3. Used Automotive Engines in a Solar Assist, Biomass Fuelled Power System

Author:
G. Walker; G. Reader; O.R. Fauvel
Source:
Energy & environment v.1 no.2 pp. 162-170
ISSN:
2048-4070
Subject:
air; biomass; cold; furnaces; solar collectors; solar energy
Abstract:
... A new concept for an air-charged open-cycle engine is presented. The engine is based on a modified automotive engine because these are cheap and readily available when derived from scrap cars. Such engines can often be readily modifed and lightly renovated to provide long life, low cost, light load systems. The proposed heating system includes locally manufactured linear parabolic solar collectors ...
DOI:
10.1177/0958305X9000100206

4. Decontamination of drinking water by direct heating in solar panels

Author:
Fjendbo, A.J.; Nohr, K.; Sorensen, H.; Boisen, F.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 1998 v.85 no.3 pp. 441-447
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Salmonella Typhimurium; climate; coliform bacteria; decontamination; drinking water; heat; heat exchangers; heat tolerance; margin of safety; pipes; plate count; river water; rivers; solar collectors; solar radiation; spore-forming bacteria; water temperature; Tanzania
Abstract:
... A device was developed for direct heating of water by solar radiation in a flow-through system of copper pipes. An adjustable thermostat valve prevents water below the chosen temperature from being withdrawn. The results show that it is possible to eliminate coliform and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from naturally contaminated river water by heating to temperatures of 65 degrees C or above. Ar ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.853497.x
PubMed:
9750274

5. A Low Head, Low Power System for Continuous Flow Measurement

Author:
Feyereisen, G.W.; Sands, G.R.; Hansen, B.J.
Source:
Applied engineering in agriculture 2002 v.18 no.3 pp. 307-310
ISSN:
0883-8542
Subject:
batteries; field experimentation; photographs; power requirement; solar collectors; subsurface drainage
Abstract:
... A flow measurement system was designed and implemented for a subsurface drainage field experiment. Design constraints dictated that the measurement system operate on minimal elevation head difference and low power requirements, with a flow measurement range of 0 to 46 L/min (12 gal/min) from the drained area. A system utilizing a flume in series with a sump pump was implemented. A 12V battery-powe ...

6. Towards a sustainable "greenhouse" vegetable factory

Author:
Nichols, M.; Christie, C.B.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2002 v. no.578 pp. 153-156
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
air; carbon dioxide; crop production; energy; energy requirements; greenhouses; heat production; photosynthetically active radiation; recycling; solar collectors; structural roofs; tropics; vegetables; water vapor
Abstract:
... Greenhouses are profligate users of energy. In temperate climates the energy is used to heat the house in the winter, and in tropical climates energy is used to keep the greenhouse cool. By using a fully insulated light proof growing 'factory' it should be possible to re-circulate carbon dioxide and water and nutrients within the system and thus reduce energy requirements. Existing artificial ligh ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.578.17

7. Eliminating salinity problems with the greenhouse of the future

Author:
Nichols, M.A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2003 v. no.609 pp. 285-288
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
carbon dioxide; crop yield; crops; electricity; energy; greenhouses; heat; hydrogen; hydrogen fuel cells; photosynthesis; red light; renewable energy sources; reverse osmosis; salinity; solar collectors; tomatoes; transpiration; windmills
Abstract:
... Greenhouses are profligate users of energy and clean water. It is postulated that future ”greenhouses” will comprise well insulated closed circuit structures with the major source of energy being electricity from such renewable energy sources as solar panels, and windmills. Photosynthetic radiation will be provided by low heat producing blue and red Light Emitting Diodes (LED’s), and because of th ...

8. Life cycle assessment of a coupled solar photocatalytic-biological process for wastewater treatment

Author:
Munoz, I.; Peral, J.; Ayllon, J.A.; Malato, S.; Passarinho, P.; Domenech, X.
Source:
Water research 2006 v.40 no.19 pp. 3533-3540
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
solar radiation; biological treatment; wastewater treatment; pollution control; photooxidation; industrial effluents; systems analysis; factories; processing equipment; transportation; toxic substances; environmental impact; solar collectors
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.001
PubMed:
16989886

9. Nanoparticle Polymer Composites: Where Two Small Worlds Meet

Author:
Balazs, Anna C.; Emrick, Todd; Russell, Thomas P.
Source:
Science 2006 v.314 no.5802 pp. 1107-1110
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
coatings; engineering; mechanical properties; mixing; nanoparticles; polymers; solar collectors
Abstract:
... The mixing of polymers and nanoparticles is opening pathways for engineering flexible composites that exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, or mechanical properties. Recent advances reveal routes to exploit both enthalpic and entropic interactions so as to direct the spatial distribution of nanoparticles and thereby control the macroscopic performance of the material. For example, by tailoring ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1130557

10. High-Efficiency Organic Solar Concentrators for Photovoltaics

Author:
Currie, Michael J.; Mapel, Jonathan K.; Heidel, Timothy D.; Goffri, Shalom; Baldo, Marc A.
Source:
Science 2008 v.321 no.5886 pp. 226-228
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
coatings; energy transfer; phosphorescence; photovoltaic cells; solar collectors; solar energy
Abstract:
... The cost of photovoltaic power can be reduced with organic solar concentrators. These are planar waveguides with a thin-film organic coating on the face and inorganic solar cells attached to the edges. Light is absorbed by the coating and reemitted into waveguide modes for collection by the solar cells. We report single- and tandem-waveguide organic solar concentrators with quantum efficiencies ex ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1158342

11. New frontiers for sustainability: emergy evaluation of an eco-village

Author:
Siracusa, Giuseppe; La Rosa, Angela D.; Palma, Paolo; La Mola, Emiliano
Source:
Environment, development and sustainability 2008 v.10 no.6 pp. 845-855
ISSN:
1387-585X
Subject:
case studies; constructed wetlands; cooling systems; emergy; farms; heat; recycling; solar collectors; villages
Abstract:
... The emergy analysis was used to evaluate the sustainability of a village which aims to be ecologically friendly. The choice of focusing on the use of local resources including agriculture and farm goods, photovoltaic panels, renewable heating and cooling systems, recycled water from constructed wetlands etc., aims to obtain a sustainable village. Indices and ratios based on emergy flows have been ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10668-007-9087-2

12. Variation of Energy Conversion Efficiencies of Stationary Photovoltaic Systems with Latitudes

Author:
Anand M. Sharan
Source:
Energy & environment v.19 no.5 pp. 679-689
ISSN:
2048-4070
Subject:
energy conversion; latitude; solar collectors
Abstract:
... In this paper, the energy conversions of stationary photovoltaic systems are calculated at different latitudes for 182 days of a year to cover various angular orientation of sun's rays on the earth. On a given day, the incident energy flux of the sun is resolved into three components, and the conversion efficiency is based on the flux normal to the panels. The normalizing value considered is that ...
DOI:
10.1260/095830508784815991

13. An audio-visual nest monitoring system for the study and manipulation of siblicide in bearded vultures Gypaetus barbatus on the island of Crete (Greece)

Author:
Grivas, Costas; Xirouchakis, Stavros M.; Christodoulou, Costas; Carcamo-Aboitiz, Beatriz; Georgiakakis, Panagiotis; Probonas, Michalis
Source:
Journal of ethology 2009 v.27 no.1 pp. 105-116
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
solar collectors; feeds; monitoring; nests; siblicide; hatching; dietary supplements; chicks; batteries; starvation; Greece; Crete
Abstract:
... We describe here an automated surveillance system that was installed in a bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) nest in Crete during 2003-2006 with the aim of studying siblicide in this species. The system caused only minimal levels of disturbance to the birds and was capable of operating autonomously for more than 1 week. It comprised (1) a nest monitoring subsystem (camera, microphone, battery wit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-008-0091-2

14. Developing and testing solar collectors

Author:
István Patay; Miklós Erdélyi; László Gulyás
Source:
Progress in agricultural engineering sciences 2009 v.5 no.1 pp. 55-74
ISSN:
1786-335X
Subject:
air; collectors; computer software; drying; energy; geometry; heat; optics; solar collectors; solar radiation; temperature
Abstract:
... A relatively new trend is the development of concentrator-type solar collectors and cells for the use in micro-concentrators. The geometry of these concentrators is simple, the reflexion surfaces or mirrors are usually flat-plate surfaces. The relations of radiation in the inner spaces of these collectors are complicated. The OSLO optical edition software can be used to study and simulate the ligh ...
DOI:
10.1556/Progress.5.2009.3

15. Development of Solar-Assisted Dryers for Food and Farm Crops

Author:
Hien, P.H.; Vinh, L.Q.; Thuy, T.T.T.; Tuan, T.V.
Source:
Transactions of the ASABE 2009 v.52 no.4 pp. 1255-1259
Subject:
rice; pasta; solar energy; grain dryers; drying temperature; solar drying; equipment performance; drying quality; energy costs; solar collectors
Abstract:
... "Solar energy is free but not cheap." That thought has driven research at Nong-Lam University to design, fabricate, and test mechanical dryers of different capacities, using solar energy as the heat source, the aim being to reduce the drying costs due to fossil fuels. The dryers are based on the air reversal principle. The machine has three components: an axial-flow fan; a drying bin containing th ...

16. Synthesis of γ-lactols, γ-lactones and 1,4-monoprotected succinaldehydes under moderately concentrated sunlight

Author:
Daniele Dondi; Stefano Protti; Angelo Albini; Sonia Mañas Carpio; Maurizio Fagnoni
Source:
Green chemistry 2009 v.11 no.10 pp. 1653-1659
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
aldehydes; alkylation; aqueous solutions; chemical bonding; free radicals; green chemistry; hydrogen; lactones; maleic acid; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; solar collectors; solar radiation; sulfonates; water solubility; Spain
Abstract:
... The usefulness of solar light for carrying out photocatalytic reactions involving the formation of a carbon–carbon bond has been explored. Thus, some radical alkylations of α,β-unsaturated acids or aldehydes have been carried out in a mixed aqueous solution. Under these conditions, alkyl radicals are generated from i-PrOH and 1,3-dioxolane by photocatalyzed hydrogen abstraction. A water soluble ph ...
DOI:
10.1039/b904427b

17. Multiple Exciton Collection in a Sensitized Photovoltaic System

Author:
Sambur, Justin B.; Novet, Thomas; Parkinson, B.A.
Source:
Science 2010 v.330 no.6000 pp. 63-66
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
electrons; energy; nanocrystals; photons; photovoltaic cells; quantum dots; semiconductors; solar collectors; titanium dioxide; yields
Abstract:
... Multiple exciton generation, the creation of two electron-hole pairs from one high-energy photon, is well established in bulk semiconductors, but assessments of the efficiency of this effect remain controversial in quantum-confined systems like semiconductor nanocrystals. We used a photoelectrochemical system composed of PbS nanocrystals chemically bound to TiO₂ single crystals to demonstrate the ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1191462

18. Radio-controlled up-net enclosure to capture free-ranging Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra

Author:
Dematteis, Andrea; Giovo, Marco; Rostagno, Fabrizio; Giordano, Omar; Fina, David; Menzano, Arianna; Tizzani, Paolo; Ficetto, Giorgio; Rossi, Luca; Meneguz, Pier Giuseppe
Source:
European journal of wildlife research 2010 v.56 no.4 pp. 535-539
ISSN:
1612-4642
Subject:
capture of animals; chamois; mortality; mothers; people; solar collectors
Abstract:
... We used an enclosure trap with a lifting net to capture Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). The trap was activated by remote radio-controlled electromagnets powered by photovoltaic modules. The up-net trap had considerable advantages over mechanical methods described in the literature for the capture of chamois. During 36 capture sessions, we captured 50 chamois, or 1.39 animals per session. Cap ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10344-009-0343-7

19. Reducing the Maladaptive Attractiveness of Solar Panels to Polarotactic Insects

Author:
HORVÁTH, GÁBOR; BLAHÓ, MIKLÓS; EGRI, ÁDÁM; KRISKA, GYÖRGY; SERES, ISTVÁN; ROBERTSON, BRUCE
Source:
Conservation biology 2010 v.24 no.6 pp. 1644-1653
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Ephemeroptera; Plecoptera; Tabanidae; Trichoptera; aquatic habitat; aquatic insects; buildings; collectors; eggs; field experimentation; glass; mortality; photovoltaic cells; polarized light; pollution; population dynamics; solar collectors; surface water
Abstract:
... Human‐made objects (e.g., buildings with glass surfaces) can reflect horizontally polarized light so strongly that they appear to aquatic insects to be bodies of water. Insects that lay eggs in water are especially attracted to such structures because these insects use horizontal polarization of light off bodies of water to find egg‐laying sites. Thus, these sources of polarized light can become e ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01518.x
PubMed:
20455911

20. A MCRT and FVM coupled simulation method for energy conversion process in parabolic trough solar collector

Author:
Ya-Ling He; Jie Xiao; Ze-Dong Cheng; Yu-Bing Tao
Source:
Renewable energy 2011 v.36 no.3 pp. 976-985
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
collectors; energy conversion; glass; heat transfer; renewable energy sources; simulation models; solar collectors; temperature
Abstract:
... A coupled simulation method based on Monte Carlo Ray Trace (MCRT) and Finite Volume Method (FVM) is established to solve the complex coupled heat transfer problem of radiation, heat conduction and convection in parabolic trough solar collector system. A coupled grid checking method is established to guarantee the consistency between the two methods and the validations to the coupled simulation mod ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.017