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1. A Severe Ranavirus Outbreak in Captive, Wild-Caught Box Turtles

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Kimble, Steven J. A.; Williams, Rod N.; Hoverman, Jason T.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
EcoHealth 2017 v.14 no.4 pp. 810-815
ISSN:
1612-9202
Subject:
Ranavirus; Terrapene; adaptive immunity; captive animals; clinical examination; mortality; nose; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:
... A Ranavirus outbreak in a captive population of wild-caught individuals was monitored using clinical evaluations and real-time PCR in 317 wild box turtles held in captivity during translocation. During the 2-year study period, the population experienced 71.6% mortality, suggesting that ranaviruses can rapidly attenuate populations. Wide variation in infection rate (7–94% per sampling period) was o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10393-017-1263-8

2. Evidence of Ranavirus Infections among Sympatric Larval Amphibians and Box Turtles

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Currylow, Andrea F.; Williams, Rod N.;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Journal of Herpetology 2014 v.48 no.1 pp. 117-121
ISSN:
0022-1511
Subject:
Ambystoma; Anura; Ranavirus; Terrapene carolina; cross contamination; disease reservoirs; herpetofauna; larvae; pathogens; risk; salamanders and newts; turtles; viruses; Indiana
Abstract:
... Ranaviruses are emerging as serious pathogens across ectothermic taxa, recently causing mass die-offs including entire chelonian populations. Amphibians may serve as reservoirs for chelonian infections. To assess this idea and determine whether chelonians in the Midwest are infected with (or at risk for) ranavirus infections, we tested for presence of ranavirus infections among sympatric larval am ...
DOI:
10.1670/12-235

3. A cross sectional study evaluating the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii, potential risk factors for infection, and agreement between diagnostic methods in goats in Indiana

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Bauer, Amy E.; Hubbard, Kirk R.A.; Messick, Joanne B.; Weng, Hsin-Yi; Pogranichniy, Roman M.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2016 v.126 pp. 131-137
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Coxiella burnetii; DNA; Q fever; blood serum; cross-sectional studies; dairy breeds; diagnostic techniques; disease outbreaks; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; equations; etiology; farms; goat breeds; goat milk; goats; herds; meat; models; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; risk factors; screening; seroprevalence; zoonoses; Indiana
Abstract:
... Coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever and is considered to be endemic in domestic ruminants. Small ruminants in particular are important reservoirs for human infection. Serologic and molecular methods are both available for diagnosis of infection with C. burnetii, but there has been little research evaluating the prevalence of this organism in small ruminants out ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.01.026

4. Mosquitoes as a Potential Vector of Ranavirus Transmission in Terrestrial Turtles

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Kimble, Steven J. A.; Karna, Ajit K.; Hoverman, Jason T.; Williams, Rod N.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
EcoHealth 2015 v.12 no.2 pp. 334-338
ISSN:
1612-9202
Subject:
Aedes; DNA; Ranavirus; amphibians; fish; herpetofauna; hosts; mortality; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; turtles; virus transmission; viruses; Indiana
Abstract:
... Ranaviruses are significant pathogens of amphibians, reptiles, and fishes, contributing to mass mortality events worldwide. Despite an increasing focus on ranavirus ecology, our understanding of ranavirus transmission, especially among reptilian hosts, remains limited. For example, experimental evidence for oral transmission of the virus in chelonians is mixed. Consequently, vector-borne transmiss ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10393-014-0974-3

5. Development and use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of iridovirus exposure in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) and eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Wendland, Lori; Norton, Terry M.; Belzer, Bill; Jacobson, Elliott R.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2010 v.142 no.3-4 pp. 160-167
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Gopherus polyphemus; Emydidae; wild animals; turtles; Iridovirus; vertebrate viruses; seroprevalence; disease surveillance; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; blood chemistry; disease outbreaks; animal diseases; viral diseases of animals and humans; mortality; immune response; United States
Abstract:
... Iridoviruses, pathogens typically associated with fish and amphibians, have recently been shown to cause acute respiratory disease in chelonians including box turtles, red-eared sliders, gopher tortoises, and Burmese star tortoises. Case reports of natural infections in several chelonian species in the United States have been reported, however the prevalence remains unknown in susceptible populati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.059
PubMed:
19931321

6. Six novel gammaherpesviruses of Afrotheria provide insight into the early divergence of the Gammaherpesvirinae

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Wellehan, James F.X.; Childress, April L.; Harr, Kendal E.; Isaza, Ramiro;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2008 v.127 no.3-4 pp. 249-257
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Elephas maximus; Loxodonta africana; spleen; vagina; conjunctiva; Procavia; Trichechus manatus; Herpesviridae; vaginitis; viral diseases of animals and humans; vertebrate viruses
Abstract:
... The Afrotheria represent an early branching of placental mammals. Only two herpesviruses from Afrotheria have been previously identified, and the genus Proboscivirus in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae has been proposed for them. Six novel gammaherpesviruses were identified in four species in the superorder Afrotheria by detection and analysis of their DNA polymerase genes. Elephantid herpesvirus 3 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.08.024

7. Columbid Herpesvirus-1 in Two Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter Cooperii) with Fatal Inclusion Body Disease

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Pinkerton, Marie E.; Wellehan, James F.X. Jr.; Childress, April L.; Fitzgerald, Scott D.; Kinsel, Michael J.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2008 v.44 no.3 pp. 622-628
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Columba livia; vertebrate viruses; hosts; Accipiter; hawks; birds of prey; inclusion bodies; lesions (animal); histology; pathogen identification; microbial detection; polymerase chain reaction; disease transmission; dietary exposure; Illinois; Michigan
Abstract:
... We report two separate naturally occurring cases of fatal herpesviral disease in Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Gross lesions included splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, with diffuse pale mottling or scattered small white foci. Histologic lesions included splenic and hepatic necrosis associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristic of herpesvirus. In one case, necrosis a ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.622
PubMed:
18689647

8. Fatal Human Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection in a White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates Lar)

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Landolfi, Jennifer A.; Wellehan, James F. X.; Kinsel, Michael J.;     Show all 4 Authors
ISSN:
1040-6387
Subject:
Human alphaherpesvirus 1; viral diseases of animals and humans; human-animal relations; relapse; histology; polymerase chain reaction; Hylobates; meningoencephalitis; case studies; zoo animals
Abstract:
... This report documents a case of spontaneous, fatal, and likely recrudescent human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1) infection in a captive white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An approximately 44-year-old, captive, female, white-handed gibbon with a history of recurrent conjunctivitis and occasional seizures became acutely weak, disoriented, and ataxic. A post ...
DOI:
10.1177/104063870501700412
PubMed:
16130997

9. Consensus nested PCR amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Wellehan, James F.X.; Childress, April L.; Marschang, Rachel E.; Lamirande, Elaine W.; Roberts, John F.; Vickers, Mary L.; Gaskin, Jack M.; Jacobson, Elliott R.;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2009 v.133 no.1-2 pp. 34-42
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
reptiles; phylogeny; Nelson Bay orthoreovirus; mammals; bird diseases; interspecific variation; viral diseases of animals and humans; sequence analysis; polymerase chain reaction; microbial genetics; Avian orthoreovirus; birds; Aquareovirus; Mammalian orthoreovirus; consensus sequence; rapid methods; genetic variation; RNA
Abstract:
... The orthoreoviruses are segmented RNA viruses that infect diverse vertebrate host species. While the most common human orthoreovirus, Mammalian Reovirus, is not typically associated with significant disease, the majority of Orthoreovirus species have been shown to cause significant and often fatal disease in reptiles, birds, and primates. There is significant potential for jumping species. A conse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.011
PubMed:
18656318

10. Antemortem Diagnosis and Characterization of Nasal Intranuclear Coccidiosis in Sulawesi Tortoises (Indotestudo Forsteni)

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Innis, Charles J.; Garner, Michael M.; Wellehan, James F. X.; Tabaka, Chris; Marschang, Rachel E.; Nordhausen, Robert W.; Jacobson, Elliott R.;     Show all 8 Authors
ISSN:
1040-6387
Subject:
diagnostic techniques; coccidiosis; ribosomal RNA; Coccidiomorphea; nasal cavity; respiratory tract diseases; tortoises; pathogen identification; chronic diseases; Testudinidae; pets; nucleotide sequences; ultrastructure; animal diseases; histopathology; disease diagnosis
Abstract:
... Intranuclear coccidia and Mycoplasma spp. were identified from the nasal cavity of 5 Sulawesi tortoises (Indotestudo forsteni) affected by chronic rhinosinusitis and oronasal fistulae. This study provides the first antemortem diagnosis of intranuclear coccidiosis in tortoises and the first cytomorphologic descriptions of this disease. Histopathologic and ultrastructural morphology of the intranucl ...
DOI:
10.1177/104063870701900607
PubMed:
17998554

11. Ranavirus infection of free-ranging and captive box turtles and tortoises in the United States

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Pessier, Allan P.; Wellehan, James F.X.; Childress, April; Norton, Terry M.; Stedman, Nancy L.; Bloom, David C.; Belzer, William; Titus, Valorie R.; Wagner, Robert; Brooks, Jason W.; Spratt, Jeffrey; Jacobson, Elliott R.;     Show all 13 Authors
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2008 v.44 no.4 pp. 851-863
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Ranavirus; turtles; tortoises; disease prevalence; disease diagnosis; disease detection; histopathology; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; enzyme activity; electron microscopy; Florida; Georgia; New York; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... Iridoviruses of the genus Ranavirus are well known for causing mass mortality events of fish and amphibians with sporadic reports of infection in reptiles. This article describes five instances of Ranavirus infection in chelonians between 2003 and 2005 in Georgia, Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania, USA. Affected species included captive Burmese star tortoises (Geochelone platynota), a free-rangi ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.851
PubMed:
18957641

12. Lymphoid Follicular Cloacal Inflammation Associated with a Novel Herpesvirus in Juvenile Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis)

Author:
Johnson, April J.,   et al.   ; Govett, Pamela D.; Harms, Craig A.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Wellehan, James F. X.; Fatzinger, Michael H.; Christian, L. Shane; Kelly, Terra R.; Lewbart, Gregory A.;     Show all 9 Authors
ISSN:
1040-6387
Subject:
Herpesviridae; alligators; Alligator mississippiensis; juveniles; inflammation; cloaca; microbial genetics; amino acid sequences; polymerase chain reaction; lesions (animal); male genitalia; histopathology; lymphocytes; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Multifocal hyperemic nodules and plaques associated with the cloacal mucosa of juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) at a public aquarium were investigated. Grossly, pale pink to dark red multifocal, circular lesions of varying degrees of severity were identified on the cloacal and, in males, phallus mucosa. Cloacal mucosa biopsies were obtained from 2 of the alligators. These samples w ...
DOI:
10.1177/104063870501700513
PubMed:
16312242