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... The shikimate pathway connects the central carbon metabolism with the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids—l-tyrosine, l-phenylalanine, and l-tryptophan—which play indispensable roles as precursors of numerous aromatic phytochemicals. Despite the importance of the shikimate pathway-derived products for both plant physiology and human society, the regulatory mechanism of the shikimate pathway remai ...
Sharon I. Kirkpatrick; Patricia M. Guenther; Carrie Durward; Deirdre Douglass; Thea Palmer Zimmerman; Lisa L. Kahle; Abiodun T. Atoloye; Michelle L. Marcinow; Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos; Kirsten A. Herrick; Kevin W. Dodd
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; automation; body mass index; diet recall; dietetics; education; income; nationalities and ethnic groups; nutrition assessment; portion size; regression analysis
Abstract:
... Accurately estimating portion sizes remains a challenge in dietary assessment. Digital images used in online 24-hour dietary recalls may be conducive to accuracy. The current analyses were conducted to examine the accuracy of portion size estimation by women with low incomes who completed 24-hour dietary recalls using the online Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) i ...
... Agricultural practices can lead to fluctuations in soil pH and salinity, likely affecting soil nutrient cycling. Compost addition may reduce the impact of these stresses, leading to more stable and resilient systems. We tested nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycling responses to the imposition and relief of an acute stress in an agricultural soil, and whether these responses were moderated by compost. ...
... Adenanthera pavonina, an underutilized tropical tree, is being promoted as an alternative food source for meeting the nutritional needs of human and animals. In this study, we have shown that trypsin inhibitors as one of the predominant proteins in the seeds of A. pavonina. DE-52 column chromatography resulted in the identification of four peaks with trypsin inhibitor activity. SDS-PAGE and immuno ...
... Sacbrood virus (SBV) infects larvae of honey bees, resulting in infected larvae becoming fluid-filled sacs. Our previous studies showed that the extract of herbal medicine, Radix Isatidis, could inhibit Chinese SBV (CSBV) infection in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana). Here, two compounds, adenosine and L-proline, which were previously reported to be associated with immune modulation, were identified ...
food industry; microbial contamination; nutrition; three-dimensional printing; traditional foods; water activity; water content
Abstract:
... 3D printing has numerous applications in the food industry that may enhance diversity, quality, healthiness, and sustainability. This innovative additive manufacturing technology has the ability to specifically tailor food properties for individuals. Nevertheless, several challenges still need to be overcome before 3D printing can be utilized more widely in the food industry. This article focuses ...
... Humanity, now increasingly populous and affluent, poses a new challenge for the twentieth-first century farmer: increase food supply while maintaining the earth’s underlying ecosystems. This paper proposes a novel systems approach, agricultural innovization, to sustainably increase food production. Innovization applies the knowledge obtained through multi-objective optimization to discover new agr ...
... Production of perennial bioenergy crops on farmland that is suboptimal for food crops may mitigate nitrous oxide emissions and reduce nutrient loss while producing bioenergy feedstocks. The ability of bioenergy crops to provide these multiple ecosystem services depends on interactions between the soil N cycle and the bioenergy production system, but our understanding of these interactions is limit ...
... Large scale agricultural production can lead to a reduction in availability of habitat used by wild bees for nesting and forage and has been implicated in worldwide bee population declines. There is growing concern that further declines in wild bee populations will occur because of continued transformations of natural or seminatural landscapes into crop monocultures. Managed honey bees, often used ...
... Foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated sprouts has been a significant food safety risk. While seed disinfection with chemical sanitizers has been used as an intervention approach, its efficacy to reduce bacterial load has not been always satisfactory. In this study, a newly developed alginate-based, antimicrobial seed coating treatment was evaluated for its efficacy to r ...
alginates; biopolymers; chemical bonding; cross-linking reagents; emulsions; esterification; gels; hydrocolloids; hydrodynamics; loss modulus; microscopy; oils; pH; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; propylene glycol; separation; sodium caseinate; storage modulus; thermal stability; zeta potential
Abstract:
... The current study describes an approach for creating covalently bonded complexes of sodium caseinate (NaCas) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) without using a cross-linking agent. The principle is based on a transacylation reaction between the esterified carboxylic groups of PGA and amino groups of NaCas during pH shift from alkaline (pH 12.0) to neutral condition (pH 7.0). The increased molecul ...
... Legumes develop a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that are housed in root nodules and fix atmospheric di-nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia. In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodules, the final products of nitrogen (N) fixation are amino acids, and the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid that also serve as the major long-distance N transport forms. Recently, we have shown that increased expression o ...
... The unprecedented demand for seafood has resulted in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), a highly intensive but sustainable fish farming method. However, intensification also results in concentrated waste streams of fecal matter and uneaten feed. Harvesting and processing vast quantities of fish also leads to the production of byproducts, further creating disposal challenges for fi ...
... In the case where a heat-pulse (HP) sensor installed in a layered soil with the heating and sensing probes positioned at different layers, the HP measurement violates the underlying assumption of soil homogeneity for the cylindrical perfect conductors (CPC) theory that is used to interpret the HP data. In this study, laboratory and numerical studies were performed to evaluate the heat transfer pat ...
... Insect pollination is a crucial component of our ecosystems and biodiversity, but our reliance on this ecosystem service has much broader implications. We depend on these pollination services to produce materials and food. But insect pollinators, especially bees, are in strong decline due to a plethora of factors, least of which are environmental abiotic stressors like climate change. The alfalfa ...
... Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) regulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and promotes inflammatory responses in immune cells. Microglia are the resident mononuclear immune cells of the central nervous system. Here, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-(2-(3,4 ...
... Antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils is a significant environmental and health challenge worldwide. To minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand the fate and spread mechanism of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and develop effective technologies to minimize their negative effects. In this work, we reviewed recent studies on the occurrence o ...
... Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria may reduce pathogenic loads on cantaloupe surfaces. The efficacy of these bacteriocins on reducing the pathogenic loads of Listeria was evaluated. Non-pathogenic bacteria, Listeria innocua NRRL B-33016 was used as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes. Two bacteriocins, (1) nisin and (2) pediocin, were produced from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 114 ...
... In this study, thymol-loaded hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen/zein nanocomplexes with a particle size around 100 nm were developed for improving microbial safety of fresh produce. The antimicrobial activities, including the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration, growth kinetic curves, and inhibition zone of the nanocomplexes against foodborne pathogens (Listeria ...
... This research aims to investigate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas on the inactivation of Salmonella on dried basil leaves and evaluate the suitability of E. faecium as a surrogate for Salmonella. Dried basil leaves (2.0 ± 0.1 g) inoculated with a 5-strain Salmonella cocktail or E. faecium were packed in a paper bag, heat-sealed, and placed inside a chlorine dioxide treatment chamber. The samp ...
... In this study, quality characteristics of broccoli, kale, and spinach dried with hot air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD) and Refractance Window drying (RWD) were investigated, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, glucosinolates, color, Tg and microstructure. Broccoli, kale and spinach samples dried using RWD had the highest total phenolics content (8.50, 18.77 and 12.40 mg/g, respectively). ...
... Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) within aqueous or nonaqueous liquids that exhibit strong magnetic properties. These magnetic properties allow ferrofluids to be manipulated and controlled when exposed to magnetic fields. This review aims to provide the current scope and research opportunities regarding the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, surfactants, ...
USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference; fresh market; nutrition; people; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Tomatoes are the second most consumed vegetable in the United States. In 2017, American people consumed 9.2 kg of tomatoes from a fresh market and 33.2 kg of processed tomato products per capita. One commonly asked question by consumers and the nutrition community is "Are processed tomato products as nutritious as fresh tomatoes?" This review addresses this question by summarizing the current unde ...
... Soil health is an increasingly important concept that provides aspirational targets for agricultural management. Due in part to the incredible diversity of soil microbial communities, however, the biological components of soil health remain poorly understood. In the last decade the refinement of high-throughput DNA sequencing approaches for examining soil microbial communities has led to sequence- ...
COVID-19 infection; Orthocoronavirinae; anxiety; family violence; models; research; telecommuting; telemedicine
Abstract:
... The Army New Parent Support Program (Army NPSP) provides home visitation services that promote positive parenting strategies and aims to prevent family violence for expectant military parents and military families with children from birth to age 3. Since the onset of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), Army NPSP services have rapidly adapted to a telehealth model to fit with the suggested practices ...
... Plant-soil interactions affect arsenic and nutrient availability in arsenic-contaminated soils, with implications for arsenic uptake and tolerance in plants, and leaching from soil. In 22-week column experiments, we grew the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata in a coarse- and a medium-textured soil to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilization and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on ...
Monte Carlo method; agriculture; algorithms; arable soils; data collection; electronics; equipment; landscapes; neural networks; prediction; prototypes; travel; uncertainty; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... A fleet of autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) is envisioned to expand farming to arable land suitable for production except for being too steep for conventional equipment. The success of proposed multi-AGV system largely depends on the traction performance of the individual AGVs on unevenly sloped terrain and optimization of the AGVs control variables. Therefore, the drawbar pull performance of a pr ...
food chemistry; food safety; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; meat
Abstract:
... Some components of plastic food packaging can migrate into food, and whereas migration studies of known components are required and relatively straightforward, identification of nonintentionally added substances (NIAS; unknowns) is challenging yet imperative to better characterizing food safety. To this aim, migration was investigated across 24 unique plastic food packaging products including plas ...
... Mortality caused by passive resin transfluthrin diffusers (∼5 mg AI per 24 h release rate) suspended in small 2-person tents was measured for colony-reared sentinel pyrethroid susceptible Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes, as well as a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti, in a USA military field camp scenario. Mortality effects were investigated for impact by fact ...
Crop Environment Resource Synthesis models; aboveground biomass; corn; drought; grain yield; irrigation rates; leaf area index; leaf development; model validation; photosynthesis; simulation models; soil water; soil water content; subhumid zones; water stress; Nebraska
Abstract:
... CERES-Maize is a crop simulation model that can be applied as a tool to simulate grain yield, above-ground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), soil-water components (SWC), and other variables related to crop production. The model was calibrated and validated using long-term (2005–2010) field-measured data under full irrigation treatment (FIT), limited irrigation treatments (50%, 60% and 75% of FIT) an ...
... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fate of generic Escherichia coli in fecal pats under different field conditions and to predict Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) survival dynamics based on developed models. Eight trials were conducted during spring and fall in both North and Central Florida. Fresh cattle feces (1g) was placed on mature green round tomatoes located in ...
antibodies; antibody formation; antigens; asymmetry; chickens; genetic variation; haplotypes; immunization; microsatellite repeats; sheep; tandem repeat sequences; Virginia
Abstract:
... The chicken MHCY region contains members of several gene families including a family of highly polymorphic MHC class I genes that are structurally distinct from their classical class I gene counterparts. Genetic variability at MHCY could impart variability in immune responses, but robust tests for whether or not this occurs have been lacking. Here we defined the MHCY genotypes present in 2 sets of ...
... Traditional workflow analysis requires intensive manual processes to extract meaningful information from raw sensory data. A novel framework for workflow analysis is developed based on a real-time indoor location tracking system utilizing Ultra-Wide Band technology. The proposed framework is applied to identify worker and task associations in a labor-intensive horticultural plant production proces ...
Bacillus subtilis; Eimeria; bacitracin; body weight changes; breast muscle; diet; growth performance; hardness; males; probiotics; vaccines; wooden breast
Abstract:
... Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy that is related to the increasing growth rate. Understanding the influence of management factors on WB formation and development is important to minimize WB. This study was conducted to define how management factors affect broiler growth performance, processing yield, and WB incidence. Ross × Ross 708 chicks were randomly assigned to a 3 (diet) × 2 (cocci challenge) ...
... The bacterial pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus has been implicated in severe larval oyster mortality events in U.S. hatcheries. The aims of this study were to determine whether additions of bacteriophages (phages) specific to V. coralliilyticus strain RE98 can lower concentrations of V. coralliilyticus in seawater and consequently enhance survival, growth and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific ...
algorithms; clothing; problem solving; swarming; swarms; system optimization
Abstract:
... Sparse optimization problems involving sparse non-zero variables are common among large-scale single or multi-objective real-world problems. However, generic optimization algorithms are inefficient at solving most of these large scale problems. Moreover, algorithms to solve these problems are currently under-researched. This paper proposes a novel approach to improve large-scale sparse multi-objec ...
... The design of a biofuel supply chain network involves multiple uncertainty sources such as the biomass supply and quality. Most of the previous works took a risk-neutral approach by modeling this problem as two-stage stochastic formulation. However, most decision makers are not risk-neutral and a better understanding of the risk involved is germane. This study proposes a bi-objective two-stage sto ...
... The salvaging of the waste disposable mask was conducted in this study through catalytic pyrolysis over corn stover derived biochar catalyst combined with the boosted generation of hydrogen and mono-aromatic hydrocarbons for the first time. In the absence of biochar, up to 53 wt% of wax was observed at 550 ºC, whereas at the biochar/mask ratio of 2, around 41 wt% of liquid oil was produced without ...
... Magnetic bifunctional nanocatalyst supported on activated carbon (AC), CaO-Fe2O3/AC was synthesized via wet impregnation method and was utilized for catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). A series of characterization techniques were performed to determine acid-base properties, magnetism, thermal stability, crystallinity, chemical composition, surface properties, and morphology o ...
biodiesel; carbon; energy; energy policy; ethanol; gasoline
Abstract:
... In the early 2000s, governments implemented policies stimulating the use of ethanol and biodiesel to reduce carbon emissions and encourage domestic energy production. Blend mandates requiring gasoline or diesel to contain a minimum percentage of these biofuels were a favored policy instrument. Theoretical work by Clancy and Moschini (2017) concluded that, if innovation were stimulated by mandates, ...
... Bismuth nanosheets (BiNSs) have been recognized as a promising catalyst for electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) to formate, but their preparation typically involves an elaborate synthesis of Bi precursors under elevated temperatures and pressures. Here, we demonstrate a simple surfactant-free method of preparing Bi₂O₃-derived BiNSs (OD-BiNSs) by aqueous precipitation and cyclic voltammetry (CV) ...
... Whilst the cardioprotective effects of blueberry intake have been shown in prospective studies and short-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is unknown whether anthocyanin-rich blueberries can attenuate the postprandial, cardiometabolic dysfunction which follows energy-dense food intakes; especially in at-risk populations. We therefore examined whether adding blueberries to a high-fat/hig ...
... The orexin peptides promote hedonic intake and other reward behaviors through different brain sites. The opioid dynorphin peptides are co-released with orexin peptides but block their effects on reward in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We previously showed that in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), dynorphin and not orexin peptides enhance hedonic intake, suggesting they have brain ...
National School Breakfast Program; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; USDA; academic achievement; breakfast; cafeterias; dietetics; kindergarten
Abstract:
... The Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) initiative, a common approach to implementing the federal School Breakfast Program, is advocated as a method to improve students’ academic performance. However, the influences of BIC on academic outcomes are unclear. To examine the effect of a BIC initiative which provided free, universal BIC on attendance and standardized test performance over 2.5 years, vs fr ...
... The three-domain Cry toxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an important insecticidal toxin in Bt sprays and has been used in transgenic Bt-crops to confer insect resistance. The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, has developed resistance to Bt sprays in commercial greenhouses, and the resistance to Cry1Ac has been previously identified to be associated with altered expression of the APN1 ...
Oregon; Pteridium aquilinum; administrative management; burn severity; fire behavior; fire severity; forest ecology; landscapes; residual forests; secondary forests; species richness; stand development; understory; wildfires; Cascade Mountain region
Abstract:
... Wildfire size and frequency are increasing across the western U.S., affecting large areas of young, second-growth forest originating after logging and burning. Despite their prevalence in the western Cascade landscape, we have a poor understanding of how these young stands respond to fire or how their responses differ from older, undisturbed forests, which are well studied. We explore these questi ...
Murugesan Suriya Narayanan; Connahs Heidi; Matsuoka Yuji; Das Gupta Mainak; Tiong Galen J. L.; Huq Manizah; Gowri V.; Monroe Sarah; Deem Kevin D.; Werner Thomas; Tomoyasu Yoshinori; Monteiro Antónia
... Butterfly eyespots are beautiful novel traits with an unknown developmental origin. Here we show that eyespots likely originated via cooption of parts of an ancestral appendage gene-regulatory network (GRN) to novel locations on the wing. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, we show that eyespots cluster most closely with antennae, relative to multiple other tissues. Furthermore, three genes ...
... The biosynthesis of wax esters and triglycerides in bacteria is accomplished through the action of the wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT or wax ester synthase). A hallmark of these enzymes is the broad substrate profile that accepts alcohols, diglycerides, and fatty acyl-CoAs of various carbon chain lengths and degrees of branching. These enzymes have a bro ...
coordination polymers; crosslinking; municipal wastewater; nanocomposites; nanofiltration; polyamides; polymerization; solutes
Abstract:
... Efficient separation of harmful contaminants (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs) from valuable components (water and nutrients) is essential to the resource recovery from domestic wastewater for agricultural purposes. Such selective recovery requires precise separation at the angstrom scale. Although nanofiltration (NF) has the potential to achieve solute–solute separation, the stat ...
... Strobilurin fungicides are a class of persistent fungicides frequently detected in the environment. Microbes can effectively degrade strobilurins, but the mechanisms are complex and diverse. Compared with isolated strains, bacterial consortia are more robust in terms of the degradation of multiple pollutants. The enrichment culture XS19 is a group of bacterial strains enriched from soil and degrad ...