An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Srinivas Lanka, et al. ; Philip Fanning; Serhan Mermer; Judith Collins; Steven Van Timmeren; Heather Andrews; Stephen Hesler; Gregory Loeb; Francis Drummond; Nik G. Wiman; Vaughn Walton; Ashfaq A. Sial; Rufus Isaacs; Show all 13 Authors
... The invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a key insect pest of berries globally, causing lost revenues and increased production costs associated with applications of insecticides.The insecticides utilized are commonly broad-spectrum pyrethroids, organophosphates, or carbamates in conventionally managed fields and spinosad in organically managed fields. Adoption of mo ...
... A negative correlation between constitutive and inducible resistance across plant populations is expected for a variety of reasons; however, empirical evidence for such trade-offs remain ambiguous, particularly for crop plants. The current study investigated the relationship between constitutive and inducible resistance in vegetative-stage soybeans (V5-V6) against larvae of the generalist defoliat ...
European Union; clean energy; energy; energy policy; fossil fuels; renewable energy sources; technology; vision
Abstract:
... To fulfil the European Union's (EU) goal of providing ‘Clean Energy for All Europeans', a transformative shift from centralised, fossil-fuel based systems to decentralised systems based on renewable energy sources (RES) is envisaged. Keen to lead the clean energy transition while embedding technological innovation and elements of justice and equitability into the envisioned ‘Energy Union’, EU Memb ...
Anna Lanka, et al. ; Izabela Zawiska; Inta Dimante-Deimantovica; Tomi P. Luoto; Monika Rzodkiewicz; Saija Saarni; Normunds Stivrins; Wojciech Tylmann; Martins Robeznieks; Tom Jilbert; Show all 10 Authors
... Cultural eutrophication, the process by which pollution due to human activity speeds up natural eutrophication, is a widespread and consequential issue. Here, we present the 85-year history of a small, initially Lobelia–Isoëtes dominated lake. The lake’s ecological deterioration was intensified by water pumping station activities when it received replenishment water for more than 10 years from a e ...
Pradyumna Lanka, et al. ; D. Rangaprakash; Sai Sheshan Roy Gotoor; Michael N. Dretsch; Jeffrey S. Katz; Thomas S. Denney; Gopikrishna Deshpande; Show all 7 Authors
... Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has been extensively used for diagnostic classification because it does not require task compliance and is easier to pool data from multiple imaging sites, thereby increasing the sample size. A MATLAB-based toolbox called Machine Learning in NeuroImaging (MALINI) for feature extraction and disease classification is presented. The MALINI ...
... The Cu–Ni bimetallic catalysts dispersed on various silica supports were examined for catalytic cracking of CH₄ to produce pure H₂ with near-zero COₓ emissions and fine quality carbon nanofibers. The ²⁷Al magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of Al-containing MCM-41 samples revealed the existence of a framework- and an extra framework-decorated Al species. Insertion of Al species into the framewo ...
... BACKGROUND: Spotted wing Drosophila is an invasive pest of fruit crops in most production regions globally, and insecticides are commonly used for its control. The biology of this pest combined with repeated pesticide exposure increases the risk of resistance to insecticides. We tested malathion, methomyl, spinetoram, spinosad, and zeta‐cypermethrin against multiple colonies from each state using ...
Saraswathi Lanka, et al. ; Leyi Wang; Therese E. Eggett; Richard L. Fredrickson; Ganwu Li; Yan Zhang; Dongwan Yoo; Andrew S. Bowman; Show all 8 Authors
... Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. PHEV mainly causes two types of clinical manifestations representing vomiting and wasting and encephalomyelitis in piglets. However, our recent findings provide strong evidence that PHEV can also cause respiratory disease in older pigs. Genomic analysis of new PHEV strains identified in our form ...
... Residual effects of pyrethrin + methoprene aerosol dispensed at 4 and 16-µm particle sizes and an untreated control, was assessed against late-stage larvae of Trogoderma inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle, and T. variabile (Ballion), the warehouse beetle. Treated arenas were stored at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C and bioassays were conducted at 1, 3, or 6 weeks post-treatment. Larval ...
Saraswathi Lanka, et al. ; Leyi Wang; Debbie Cassout; Nohra E. Mateus‐Pinilla; Ganwu Li; William C. Wilson; Dongwan Yoo; Paul Shelton; Richard L. Fredrickson; Show all 9 Authors
RNA viruses; autumn; deer; disease outbreaks; emerging diseases; epizootic hemorrhagic disease; etiological agents; point mutation; sequence analysis; serotypes; summer; viruses; Illinois; New Jersey
Abstract:
... First described in 1955 in New Jersey, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) causes a severe clinical disease in wild and domestic ruminants worldwide. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease outbreaks occur in deer populations each year from summer to late autumn. The etiological agent is EHD virus (EHDV) which is a double‐stranded segmented icosahedral RNA virus. EHD virus utilizes point mutations and rea ...
air; anodes; bubbles; electrolysis; electrolytes; gravity; magnetic fields; swarms
Abstract:
... An experment was carried out to examine the influence of an external magnetic field on a bubble in an aqueous electrolytic cell. In the electrolysis process, bubbles nucleate instateneously and the electrolytic flow is mostly caused by swarm of bubbles, which makes it difficult to quantify the impacts of various forces, in particular the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) and gravity forces in Hall-Héroul ...
... Due to the confounding effects of head motion artifacts on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), there has been a growing interest in both acquisition and preprocessing strategies for removing motion-related artifacts from resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Rs-fMRI) data. Prospective motion correction by the Siemens’ EPI-PACE sequence could offer new insights on the effec ...
business enterprises; case studies; corporations; environmental impact; freight; leadership; life cycle assessment; multi-criteria decision making; stakeholders; surveys; sustainable development; United States
Abstract:
... With the growing importance of environmental sustainability in the corporate sector, businesses are compelled to progress from assessing and benchmarking their environmental impact to making decisions on how to prioritize impact reduction alternatives. Most often, business decisions are driven by financial metrics, but with sustainability improvements becoming a business goal, it is also important ...
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus; Oryza sativa; crops; field experimentation; grain yield; growth chambers; insect larvae; pests; plant growth; plant response; rice; seed treatment; seeds; soil; thiamethoxam; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Neonicotinoid seed treatments are widely used in agriculture. In rice, Oryza sativa L., in the southern United States, neonicotinoid seed treatments are used to manage early-season populations of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel. In addition to their effects on pests, neonicotinoid seed treatments may benefit crop plants directly by increasing plant growth or altering plant ...
air; bubbles; hydrodynamics; mass transfer; models; surface tension
Abstract:
... The influence of the surface tension on the bubble formation, detachment and onset of sliding underneath an inclined surface has been investigated using VOF technique in ANSYS-Fluent environment. Air is injected at a constant flow rate through a 2mm diameter nozzle underneath an inclined plane, with varying surface inclinations ranging from 4° to 12°, submerged in viscous media. Bubbles evolve wit ...
benzimidazole; capacitance; chemical reactions; energy; polymers; schiff bases
Abstract:
... We report the synthesis of a new benzimidazole-based covalent organic polymer (TpDAB) via solvothermal Schiff base condensation between 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). TpDAB showed high energy storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 335 F g⁻¹ at 2 mV s⁻¹ scan rate and good cyclic stability with 93% retention of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 ...
... Chiral Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes synthesized inside the cavity of zeolite-Y were used as heterogeneous chiral catalyst for asymmetric Henry reaction. Synthesized catalysts were characterized using various spectrochemical and physicochemical techniques. Solid state NMR analysis has been used to confirm the internal location of the metal complexes. To the best of our knowledge MAS NMR has not bee ...
... Examples of coordination compounds that act as molecular rectifiers are rare. Recently a pentacoordinate [N₂O₂] Fe(III) surfactant, namely [Feᴵᴵᴵ(Lᴺ²ᴼ²)Cl] (1), was studied as a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayer between two Au electrodes, “Au LB1 Au”. Rectification was observed, but only at low currents. In order to verify the current rectification of this species, a new setup is used, where an L ...
... Correction for ‘Probing high temperature ferromagnetism and its paramagnetic phase change due to Eu³⁺ incorporation in ZnO nanophosphors’ by K. Jayanthi Rajan et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 75669–75680. ...
... Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi), the causative agent of strangles, is an important equine pathogen. Strangles is a highly contagious disease and a commercial modified live vaccine (MLV) is used for protection, which although effective, may also result in clinical signs of the disease. A rapid means to differentiate between the MLV and wild-type infection is crucial for quarantine rele ...
catalytic activity; chemical compounds; electrodes; oxidation
Abstract:
... Electromodified Langmuir–Blodgett films of a phenolate-rich [Coᴵᴵᴵ(Lᴺ²ᴼ³)H₂O] metallosurfactant support water oxidation at an overpotential of 0.5 V. Gradual enhancement of catalytic activity is observed between 1 and 9 deposited layers. Upon application of a potential bias the molecular species rearranges into a catalytic layer that yields estimated turnover numbers of 54 000 ± 1500 h⁻¹. ...
... Ferromagnetic oxide semiconductors exhibiting efficient luminescent properties together with robust ferromagnetism above room temperature form an exclusive class of spintronic materials endowed with both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Herein, we report on the occurrence of high temperature ferromagnetism (>600 K) in zinc oxide nanophosphors attributed to the presence of defects in the host la ...
... The aim of this work was to determine the quality characteristics (physical and chemical), total phenols (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH Radical Scavenging method) of pomegranate whole fruit bagasse (PWB) incorporated bread. The pomegranate whole fruit bagasse powders were incorporated into yeast leavened bread at 5 g and 15 g levels (flour basis). The results showed that the mineral content ...
... A viable methodology for the synthesis of lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) octahedra via a one pot hydrothermal route in an aqueous medium using CTAB has been demonstrated. The synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ octahedral nanoparticles were observed to be highly crystalline with a side edge length ranging from 30 to 120 nm. A plausible formation mechanism is put forth based on the findings obtained from the physi ...
agricultural education; case studies; climate change; developing countries; drought; extension education; farmers; health promotion; irrigation; models; motivation; paddies; risk perception; villages; water management; water resources; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... Farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable to climate change effects, particularly drought. However, little research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that facilitate or constrain agricultural adaptation behavior. Drawing on the protection motivation theory from health promotion research, we propose a risk, coping, and social appraisal (RCSA) model of adaptation decisi ...
... The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an economically important late-season pest of rice in the southern United States. Stink bug feeding results in yield reduction and discounted purchase price due to broken or discolored (“pecky”) rice grains. The primary tactic for O. pugnax management is the application of insecticides once adults reach an action threshold. Rece ...
... The objective of this study was to document Cytauxzoon felis infection in domestic cats from southern Illinois. Diagnosis of cytauxzoonosis was based upon clinical signs of illness and detection of piroplasms within erythrocytes on peripheral blood smears or schizonts in internal organs consistent with Cytauxzoon infection. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from histologic sections of spleni ...
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus; application rate; cultivars; insecticides; insects; larvae; population; rice; seed treatment; United States
Abstract:
... Chlorantraniliprole seed treatments in rice provide effective suppression of rice water weevil populations in the United States; however, heavy reliance on prophylactic insecticide treatments as a sole strategy could destabilize management programs for this insect. The present research evaluated the compatibility of seed treatments with two other potential management tactics—plant resistance and s ...
... The tetradentate ligand, 2-(pyrid-2′-yl)-8-(1″,10″-phenanthrolin-2″-yl)-quinoline (ppq) embodies a quaterpyridine backbone but with the quinoline C8 providing an additional sp² center separating the two bipyridine-like subunits. Thus, the four pyridine rings of ppq present a neutral, square planar host that is well suited to first-row transition metals. When reacted with FeCl₃, a μ-oxo-bridged dim ...
... Three Mn(iii)-chiral Schiff base complexes supported on MCM-41 are found to be effective reusable catalysts for enantioselective oxidation of 2-naphthol to (R)- and (S)-BINOL (1,1′ bi-2-naphthol) in the presence of oxygen. The supported Mn(iii)-complexes are characterized by PXRD, FTIR, solid state-NMR, BET, and cyclic voltammetry study. The homo-coupling reaction with oxygen as the oxidant is pro ...
... Providing carbon footprint labels for all food products is a daunting and potentially infeasible project. Knowing how consumers substitute away from high carbon goods and what they choose as substitutes is essential for understanding which goods are likely to result in meaningful reductions in carbon emissions. This paper proposes a model to systematically estimate how consumers will respond to in ...
... The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the United States. Water-seeded rice, which is flooded at an earlier stage of crop development than drill-seeded rice, is at heightened risk of loss from root-feeding RWW larvae. Pyrethroids, the most widely used group of foliar insecticides for RWW control, ...
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus; Oryza sativa; clothianidin; grain yield; larvae; rice; seed treatment; sowing; thiamethoxam; United States
Abstract:
... Rice in the U.S. is frequently seeded at low rates and treated before sowing with neonicotinoid or anthranilic diamide insecticides to target the rice water weevil. A previous study of the influence of seeding rate on rice water weevil densities showed an inverse relationship between seeding rates and immature weevil densities. This study investigated interactive effects of seeding rate and seed t ...
Lewis acids; catalytic activity; chemical structure; cycloaddition reactions; ethyleneimine
Abstract:
... A Lewis acid catalyzed domino reaction cascades through azide–alkene cycloaddition, rearrangement, aziridine ring opening, and azomethine cycloaddition with a parent dipolarophile, resulting in 3,3′-pyrrolidinyldispirooxindoles containing four contiguous chiral stereocenters with two contiguous quaternary spirostereocenters. ...
... Cold tolerance is an important breeding target in rice production. We studied quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling cold tolerance at germination (CTG) and early seedling (CTS) stages, using recombinant inbred lines derived from a japonica × indica cross. CTG was evaluated based on the percentage rate of germination at 15 °C for 12 days after pre-incubation of imbibed seeds at 20 °C for 2 day ...
... Structurally complex spiro analogues of indenoquinoxaline have been synthesized via the cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with alkyl indeno[2,1-b]quinoxalin-11-ylidene acetate dipolarophiles in a highly regioselective and stereoselective manner. The structure and relative stereochemistry of the cycloadducts were confirmed using ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic methods, and single crystal X-r ...
X-radiation; chemical structure; chemoselectivity; cycloaddition reactions; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organic compounds; regioselectivity; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... A new series of bis- and tris-spirooxindole derivatives have been synthesized by controlling the molar equivalent of in situ generated azomethine ylides in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions with dipolarophiles. The structural elucidation on the basis of IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectral data of these compounds established the highly chemoselective and regioselective formation of spirooxindole der ...
Gopala Krishna Lanka, et al. ; Weidang Li; Ashlesh K. Murthy; Senthilnath L. Chetty; Jieh-Juen Yu; James P. Chambers; Guangming Zhong; Thomas G. Forsthuber; M. Neal Guentzel; Bernard P. Arulanandam; Show all 10 Authors
... Vaccination with recombinant chlamydial protease-like activity factor (rCPAF) has been shown to provide robust protection against genital Chlamydia infection. Adoptive transfer of IFN-γ competent CPAF-specific CD4+ T cells was sufficient to induce early resolution of chlamydial infection and reduction of subsequent pathology in recipient IFN-γ-deficient mice indicating the importance of IFN-γ secr ...
Saraswathi Lanka, et al. ; Amber L. Labelle; Carol W. Maddox; Joshua B. Daniels; Therese E. Eggett; Richard R. Dubielzig; Philippe Labelle; Show all 7 Authors
NAD (coenzyme); Onchocerca lienalis; cytochrome-c oxidase; dogs; genes; nucleotide sequences; onchocerciasis; polymerase chain reaction; United States
Abstract:
... Canine ocular onchocerciasis has a worldwide distribution and has been associated in Europe with Onchocerca lupi based on morphologic and molecular analysis. In the United States, canine ocular onchocerciasis is reportedly associated with Onchocerca lienalis. This association is based solely on histopathologic examination of ocular tissues. The purpose of this study was to use molecular analysis o ...
... Direct N-alkylation of amines with alcohols was successfully performed by using nanosized zeolite beta, which showed the highest catalytic activity among other conventional zeolites. This method has several advantages, such as eco-friendliness, moderate to high yields, and simple work-up procedure. The catalyst was successfully recovered and reused without significant loss of activity and only wat ...
... BACKGROUND: Feeding assays using adult rice water weevils and foliage of plants treated as seeds with chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam at different rates were conducted to evaluate the systemic adulticidal and feeding effects. Dose–mortality relationships were determined for thiamethoxam seed treatments by combining leaf area lost due to feeding and insecticide residues analyzed by LC/MS/MS. C ...
... Group C streptococci are highly contagious pyogenic bacteria responsible for respiratory tract, lymph node, urogenital tract, and wound infections. Wild-type strains of Streptococcus equi ssp equi (S. equi) and Streptococcus equi ssp zooepidemicus (S. zoo) as well as a commercially available modified live vaccine strain of S. equi were evaluated for virulence in zebrafish. Survival times, histolog ...
chemical reactions; chemical structure; ketones; methanol
Abstract:
... The regioselective synthesis of a series of novel dispiropyrrolidines and dispiropyrrolizidines has been accomplished through intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides obtained from 1,2-diones like isatin and acenaphthenequinone with acenaphthenone-2-ylidine ketone dipolarophiles in methanol under reflux conditions. ...
... Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials has several limitations. One aspect is the high production cost of cellulases used for saccharification of substrate and inhibition of fermenting yeast due to inhibitors released in acid hydrolysis. In the present work we have made an attempt to achieve simultaneous cellulases production, saccharification and detoxification using dilute acid hyd ...
... Rice straw is one of the abundant lignocellulosic feed stocks in the world and has been selected for producing ethanol at an economically feasible manner. It contains a mixture of sugars (hexoses and pentoses). Biphasic acid hydrolysis was carried out with sulphuric acid using rice straw. After acid hydrolysis, the sugars, furans and phenolics were estimated. The initial concentration of sugar was ...
... Objective—To evaluate a commercially available modified-live Streptococcus equi subsp equi vaccine for safety and persistence in vaccinated ponies and to detect recombination or reversion events in the vaccine strain. Animals—5 ponies that were 1.5 to 8 years old (group 1) and 4 ponies that were 6 months old (group 2). Procedures—Ponies were vaccinated, with a subsequent booster vaccination 2 to 3 ...
... Ball milling was used to disperse MWCNTs of two different morphologies (stiff and straight vs. bent and entangled) and diameters (very large diameter and 3.5 times smaller diameter) in aluminium powders, which were subsequently hot consolidated by hot extrusion. Characterization of the produced composites revealed that the CNT morphology plays an important role in affecting dispersion. It was foun ...
Streptococcus equi; abscess; genes; genotyping; guanine; horses; polymerase chain reaction; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; quarantine; single nucleotide polymorphism; strangles; Illinois
Abstract:
... The objective of the present investigation was to differentiate between strains of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi implicated in abscess formation in vaccinated horses. Streptococcus equi isolates recovered from clinical specimens associated with equine strangles cases submitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory were compared with S. equi isolates representing at le ...
... BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, was recently introduced into the United States where rice-crayfish crop rotations are practiced to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) infestations. Chlorantraniliprole has high margins of mammalian safety and excellent insecticidal efficacy, but its toxicity to non-target crayfish is uncertain. In ...
... KorA is a global repressor in RP4 which regulates cooperatively the expression of plasmid genes whose products are involved in replication, conjugative transfer and stable inheritance. The structure of KorA bound to an 18-bp DNA duplex that contains the symmetric operator sequence and incorporates 5-bromo-deoxyuridine nucleosides has been determined by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction pha ...
DNA primers; DNA replication; active sites; amino acids; crystal structure; models; plasmids; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... For the initiation of DNA replication, dsDNA is unwound by helicases. Primases then recognize specific sequences on the template DNA strands and synthesize complementary oligonucleotide primers that are elongated by DNA polymerases in leading- and lagging-strand mode. The bacterial plasmid RSF1010 provides a model for the initiation of DNA replication, because it encodes the smallest known primase ...
... The pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the major constraints to chickpea production worldwide. The levels of resistance to pod borer in the cultivated chickpea germplasm are moderate, and therefore, we studied the reaction of 32 accessions of wild relatives of chickpea for resistance to H. armigera under greenhouse conditions. Accessions ICC 17257, IG 70002, IG 70003, IG 70012, (Cicer biju ...
plant damage; germplasm evaluation; genetic resistance; wild relatives; Helicoverpa armigera; chickpeas; insect development; Cicer arietinum; pest resistance; mortality; India
Abstract:
... In the absence of high levels of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in the cultivated germplasm of chickpea, we evaluated accessions of Cicer spp. mostly Cicer reticulatum Ladzinsky, for resistance to this important pest. Under multichoice conditions in the field, 10 accessions showed lower leaf damage and lower numbers of eggs, larvae, or both of H. armigera. Of these, IG 69960, IG 72934 ...
proteins; Agrobacterium radiobacter; plasmid vectors; transfer DNA; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... As an early stage of plant transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the Ti plasmid is nicked at the border sequences that delimit the T-DNA. Cleavage results in covalent attachment of VirD2 to the 5' termini of the nicked strand by a process resembling initiation of DNA transfer that occurs in the donor cell during bacterial conjugation. We demonstrate that this cleavage can be reproduced in v ...