An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Hydrogen is considered promising for the replacement of fossil fuels in integrated energy systems through hydrogen energy storage (HES). This paper considers multiple electricity-hydrogen integrated charging stations (EHI-CSs) as a unit consisting of photovoltaic systems and HES systems for charging plug-in electric vehicles and refilling hydrogen fuel vehicles. In the multiple EHI-CSs unit, a set ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; density functional theory; disinfection; electric field; irradiation; photocatalysis; reactive oxygen species; solar energy
Abstract:
... Photocatalytic sterilization is an eco-friendly strategy to utilize solar energy for treating water contaminated with resistant bacteria. Here, we propose interface engineering to induce an internal electric field (IEF) in leaf-like Ti₃C₂Tx/TiO₂ based on the work function (Φ) theory, which enhances photocatalytic sterilization performance by steering interface charge kinetics. Density functional t ...
... Structural colors derived from the scattering or reflection of light by submicron-sized ordered structures are interesting due to their non-fading and tunable colors. Herein we show a colored angle-independent amorphous phase of monodisperse colloids between the crystalline and random phases in a charged colloidal system. The amorphous photonic structures with low packing density display uniform c ...
... Despite progress in evaluation of risk assessment, knowledge gaps largely exist understanding the toxicity of nanoplastics in aquatic systems considering nanoplastics surface properties, environmental media characteristics and species ecological traits. In this study, amidine - functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPLs) of 20, 40, 60 and 100 nm are considered using Geneva lake water and mi ...
... High-efficiency separation of photogenerated charges and molecular oxygen activation is very important for photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants. However, the current understanding of the effect mechanism of metal substitution for the separation of photo-generated charges and molecular oxygen activation is still poor. Herein, efficient manganese (Mn)-doped BiOBr hollow microspheres synthesi ...
absorption; atrazine; electric field; energy conversion; industry; irradiation; light; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; pollutants; solar radiation; tetracycline; water pollution
Abstract:
... The abuse of pesticides and antibiotics and their harm to the environment are the disadvantages of modern agriculture and breeding industry. g-C₃N₄ has shown great potential in photocatalytic water pollution purification under visible light irradiation, however, the conventional g-C₃N₄ suffers from the disadvantage of limited optical absorption and serious charge recombination, resulting in ineffi ...
... Although iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) have displayed the photocatalytic activity, there is still abundant room for improving their photocatalytic performance through tuning the structures. In this work, four novel iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) were successfully synthesized via ligand modulation for better photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, in which MTBDC-TPT-Fe had t ...
... The charging coordination of electric vehicle (EV) fleets in both temporal domain and spatial domain has attracted growing attention in recent years. Meanwhile, the uncertainties in EV arrival time and total available charging power from charging stations make the coordination problem highly dynamic and challenging. This paper develops a new temporal–spatial EV charging coordination scheme that jo ...
automation; batteries; case studies; comparative study; energy; fuzzy logic; neural networks; solar energy; France
Abstract:
... This work deals with the automatic dispatching of the charging currents in a charging station for power-assisted bikes (ebike). The decision variables such as arduousness index and urgency are determined. The arduousness index is carried out from the GPS ride data. Urgency is calculated using the parking time and ebike batteries state of charge. They are used to determine ebike's charging prioriti ...
... Modulation of anisotropic facets and surface charge properties of semiconductor photocatalysts play significant roles in accelerating the photogenerated charge separation in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, taking Bi₄TaO₈Cl (BTOC) as an exemplar, we demonstrated that the distribution of photogenerated electrons and holes on BTOC can be rationally modulated through surface pretreatment under d ...
... To enable the mass adoption of electric vehicles, the charging performance of Li-ion batteries needs to be significantly enhanced. The development of electrolytes with enhanced transport properties and faster interfacial reaction is one critical approach to realize fast charging within 10 min. Most current electrolyte studies are focusing on ester-based electrolytes. In this work, an ether-based e ...
bismuth; density functional theory; dimerization; oxygen; physical chemistry
Abstract:
... We study the native defects in bismuth vanadate using hybrid density functional theory. We pay special attention to where excess charges localize by considering different polaronic distortions and find that charge localization has a profound effect on the local chemical environment around certain defects. In particular, oxygen dimerization may occur in the presence of acceptor defects. On the basi ...
case studies; electric vehicles; electricity; energy; markets; metropolitan areas; prediction; simulation models; travel
Abstract:
... The expansion of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) market requires considerable changes in the supply of electricity to fulfill the charging demand. To this end, understanding the spatio-temporal distribution of BEV charging demand at a micro level is crucial for optimal electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) planning and electricity load management. This research proposes an integrated activit ...
... In this study, we examine the spectral dielectric properties of liquid water in charged nanopores over a wide range of frequencies (0.3 GHz to 30 THz) and pore widths (0.3 to 5 nm). This has been achieved using classical molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated Na-smectite, the prototypical swelling clay mineral. We observe a drastic (20-fold) and anisotropic decrease in the static relative perm ...
... When a water drop slides over a hydrophobic surface, it usually acquires a positive charge and deposits the negative countercharge on the surface. Although the electrification of solid surfaces induced after contact with a liquid is intensively studied, the actual mechanisms of charge separation, so-termed slide electrification, are still unclear. Here, slide electrification is studied by measurin ...
batteries; data collection; electric potential difference; open range
Abstract:
... LiFePO₄ batteries generally face a challenge of inaccurate state of charge (SoC) estimation due to the plateaus existing in the middle range of the open circuit voltage (OCV)-SoC curve. Generally, conventional SoC estimation methods are not capable of accurately estimating the SoC in this range. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN) is constructed to estimate the SoC in the charging process. ...
... Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained attention in the field of logistics owing to the strong support received from the government and continuous increase in social environmental awareness. Compared to traditional logistics vehicles, EVs incur additional charging costs, such as charging time and battery wear costs. In this study, the routing problem of EVs is formulated as an integer progr ...
... Charge transfer plays an important role in photophysical and photochemical reactions. However, the factors affecting the excited charge-transfer state are unclear. Here, two donor−π–acceptor dyads with an excellent blue fluorescence quantum yield are designed by integrating 1,2-diphenylphenanthroimidazole (PPI) as an electron donor and 1,2,4-triazolopyridine (TP) as an electron acceptor through ph ...
Raman spectroscopy; absorption; active sites; cations; color; energy conversion; metalloproteins; photochemistry; scaffolding proteins
Abstract:
... The blue color in metalloprotein azurin has traditionally been attributed to the intense cysteine-to-Cu²⁺ ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition centered at 628 nm. Although resonance Raman measurements of the Cu²⁺ active site have implied that the LMCT transition electronically couples to the protein scaffold well beyond its primary metal–ligand coordination shell, the structural extent of th ...
... Molecular dopants such as 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F₄TCNQ) can interact with conjugated polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) in two different ways: they can undergo integer charge transfer (ICT) or they can form a partial-charge-transfer complex (CTC). Both are seen experimentally, but the CTC has been challenging to characterize, making it difficult ...