PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Author "Gotthard, Karl" Remove constraint Author: "Gotthard, Karl"
Start Over

Search

23  Search Results

1 - 23 of 23
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Increased risk of predation as a cost of high growth rate: an experimental test in a butterfly

Author:
Gotthard, Karl
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2000 v.69 no.5 pp. 896-902
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; Picromerus bidens; Sesia; animals; butterflies; genetic background; host plants; juveniles; larvae; larval development; life history; photoperiod; predation; rearing; risk; risk assessment
Abstract:
... 1. Life history theoreticians have traditionally assumed that juvenile growth rates are maximized and that variation in this trait is due to the quality of the environment. In contrast to this assumption there is a large body of evidence showing that juvenile growth rates may vary adaptively both within and between populations. This adaptive variation implies that high growth rates may be associat ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00432.x

2. Time stress, predation risk and diurnal-nocturnal foraging trade-offs in larval prey

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Berger, David;     Show all 2 Author
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2008 v.62 no.10 pp. 1655-1663
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
antipredatory behavior; butterflies; foraging; insect larvae; ontogeny; photoperiod; predation; predators; pupation; rearing; risk
Abstract:
... Insect larvae increase in size with several orders of magnitude throughout development making them more conspicuous to visually hunting predators. This change in predation pressure is likely to impose selection on larval anti-predator behaviour and since the risk of detection is likely to decrease in darkness, the night may offer safer foraging opportunities to large individuals. However, forsakin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-008-0594-4

3. The evolution of alternative morphs: density-dependent determination of larval colour dimorphism in a butterfly

Author:
GOTTHARD, KARL,   et al.   ; BERGER, DAVID; BERGMAN, MARTIN; MERILAITA, SAMI;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2009 v.98 no.2 pp. 256-266
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
melanization; Nymphalidae; polymorphism
Abstract:
... Understanding the ultimate causes for the presence of polymorphisms within populations requires knowledge of how the expression of discrete morphs is regulated. In the present study, we explored the determination mechanism of a colour dimorphism in larvae of the butterfly Pararge xiphia (Satyrinae: Nymphalidae) with the ultimate aim of understanding its potential adaptive value. Last-instar larvae ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01290.x

4. Mate acquisition by females in a butterfly: the effects of mating status and age on female mate-locating behaviour

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Bergman, Martin; Wiklund, Christer;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Animal behaviour 2011 v.81 no.1 pp. 225-229
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; age; animal behavior; butterflies; cages; fecundity; flight; males; mating behavior; oviposition; prediction; probability; spermatozoa; virgin females
Abstract:
... In most species, female reproductive success is determined by realized fecundity, which depends on the amount of female reproductive reserves and the availability of time for oviposition. Consequently, selection is likely to favour behaviour in virgin females that increases the likelihood of encountering males and thereby minimizing time without sperm. We used the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.009

5. Asymmetric life-history decision-making in butterfly larvae

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Friberg, Magne; Aalberg Haugen, Inger M.; Dahlerus, Josefin; Wiklund, Christer;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Oecologia 2011 v.165 no.2 pp. 301-310
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; Pieris napi; adulthood; butterflies; decision making; diapause; insect larvae; instars; life history; photoperiod
Abstract:
... In temperate environments, insects appearing in several generations in the growth season typically have to decide during the larval period whether to develop into adulthood, or to postpone adult emergence until next season by entering a species-specific diapause stage. This decision is typically guided by environmental cues experienced during development. An early decision makes it possible to adj ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-010-1804-0
PubMed:
20953962
PubMed Central:
PMC3021710

6. Intraspecific variation in body size and the rate of reproduction in female insects – adaptive allometry or biophysical constraint?

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Berger, David; Olofsson, Martin; Friberg, Magne; Karlsson, Bengt; Wiklund, Christer;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2012 v.81 no.6 pp. 1244-1258
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; adults; allometry; body size; butterflies; eggs; environmental factors; females; intraspecific variation; juveniles; metabolism; models; ontogeny; oviposition; prediction; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... 1. A high rate of reproduction may be costly if ecological factors limit immediate reproductive output as a fast metabolism compromises own future survival. Individuals with more reserves need more time and opportunity to realize their reproductive potential. Theory therefore predicts that the reproductive rate, defined as the investment in early reproduction in proportion to total potential, shou ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02010.x

7. Signature of post‐glacial expansion and genetic structure at the northern range limit of the speckled wood butterfly

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Tison, Jean‐Luc; Edmark, Veronica Nyström; Sandoval‐Castellanos, Edson; Van Dyck, Hans; Tammaru, Toomas; Välimäki, Panu; Dalén, Love;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2014 v.113 no.1 pp. 136-148
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; genetic variation; genome; latitude; microsatellite repeats; natural selection; population structure; univoltine habit; Baltic Sea; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... The post‐glacial recolonisation of northern Europe has left distinct signatures in the genomes of many organisms, both due to random demographic processes and divergent natural selection. However, information on differences in genetic variation in conjunction with patterns of local adaptations along latitudinal gradients is often lacking. In this study, we examine genetic diversity and population ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12327

8. Latitudinal variation in thermal reaction norms of post‐winter pupal development in two butterflies differing in phenological specialization

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Posledovich, Diana; Toftegaard, Tenna; Navarro‐Cano, Jose A.; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2014 v.113 no.4 pp. 981-991
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Pieris napi; butterflies; flowers; genotype; host plants; latitude; leaves; pods; pupae; pupal development; temperature; univoltine habit
Abstract:
... Latitudinal clines in thermal reaction norms of development are a common phenomenon in temperate insects. Populations from higher latitudes often develop faster throughout the range of relevant temperatures (i.e countergradient variation) because they must be able to complete their life cycle within a shorter seasonal time window compared to populations at lower latitudes. In the present study, we ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12371

9. Climate change, phenology, and butterfly host plant utilization

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Navarro-Cano, Jose A.; Karlsson, Bengt; Posledovich, Diana; Toftegaard, Tenna; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Ambio 2015 v.44 no.Supplement 1 pp. 78-88
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
biodiversity; butterflies; climate; flight; flowering; global warming; host plants; latitude; phenology; spring
Abstract:
... Knowledge of how species interactions are influenced by climate warming is paramount to understand current biodiversity changes. We review phenological changes of Swedish butterflies during the latest decades and explore potential climate effects on butterfly–host plant interactions using the Orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines and its host plants as a model system. This butterfly has adva ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-014-0602-z
PubMed:
25576283
PubMed Central:
PMC4289000

10. Latitudinal variation in diapause duration and post-winter development in two pierid butterflies in relation to phenological specialization

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Posledovich, Diana; Toftegaard, Tenna; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Oecologia 2015 v.177 no.1 pp. 181-190
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Pieris napi; butterflies; cold; diapause; food availability; latitude; pupae; pupal development; temperature; Sweden
Abstract:
... Diapause plays a central role in insect life cycles by allowing survival during adverse seasonal conditions as well as synchronizing life cycles with the period of mate and food availability. Seasonal timing is expected to be particularly important for species that are dependent on resources available during a short time window—so-called phenological specialists—and latitudinal clines in seasonali ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-014-3125-1
PubMed:
25362581

11. The lost generation hypothesis: could climate change drive ectotherms into a developmental trap?

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Van Dyck, Hans; Bonte, Dries; Puls, Rik; Maes, Dirk;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Oikos 2015 v.124 no.1 pp. 54-61
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
autumn; biologists; butterflies; climate; diapause; environmental factors; field experimentation; global warming; invasive species; larvae; mortality; multivoltine habit; phenology; summer; traps; Europe
Abstract:
... Climate warming affects the rate and timing of the development in ectothermic organisms. Short‐living, ectothermic organisms (including many insects) showing thermal plasticity in life‐cycle regulation could, for example, increase the number of generations per year under warmer conditions. However, changed phenology may challenge the way organisms in temperate climates deal with the available ther ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.02066

12. Diapause induction and relaxed selection on alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Aalberg Haugen, Inger M.; Leather, Simon;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2015 v.84 no.2 pp. 464-472
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; animal ecology; butterflies; diapause; gene expression regulation; larval development; latitude; phenotypic plasticity; protandry; sexual dimorphism; univoltine habit
Abstract:
... Seasonal phenotypic plasticity entails differential trait expression depending on the time of season. The facultative induction of winter diapause in temperate insects is a developmental switch mechanism often leading to differential expression in life‐history traits. However, when there is a latitudinal shift from a bivoltine to univoltine life cycle, selection for pathway‐specific expression is ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12291

13. The developmental race between maturing host plants and their butterfly herbivore – the influence of phenological matching and temperature

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Posledovich, Diana; Toftegaard, Tenna; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan; Newman, Jonathan;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2015 v.84 no.6 pp. 1690-1699
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Brassicaceae; butterflies; global warming; host plants; larvae; oviposition; phytophagous insects; plant development; plant-insect relations; probability; spring; temperature; temporal variation
Abstract:
... Interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants that are limited in time are widespread. Therefore, many insect–plant interactions result in a developmental race, where herbivores need to complete their development before plants become unsuitable, while plants strive to minimize damage from herbivores by outgrowing them. When spring phenologies of interacting species change asymmetr ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12417

14. Towards a mechanistic understanding of insect life history evolution: oxygen‐dependent induction of moulting explains moulting sizes

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Kivelä, Sami M.; Friberg, Magne; Wiklund, Christer; Leimar, Olof;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2016 v.117 no.3 pp. 586-600
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
butterflies; evolution; growth models; insect growth; insect larvae; life history; mechanistic models; molting; oxygen; prediction; respiratory system
Abstract:
... Moults characterise insect growth trajectories, typically following a consistent pattern known as Dyar's rule; proportional size increments remain constant across inter‐instar moults. Empirical work suggests that oxygen limitation triggers moulting. The insect respiratory system, and its oxygen supply capacity, grows primarily at moults. It is hypothesized that the oxygen demand increases with inc ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12689

15. Variation in plant thermal reaction norms along a latitudinal gradient – more than adaptation to season length

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Toftegaard, Tenna; Posledovich, Diana; Navarro‐Cano, José A.; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Oikos 2016 v.125 no.5 pp. 622-628
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
Brassicaceae; flowering; global warming; growing season; herbivores; phenotypic plasticity; temperature
Abstract:
... Little is known about the extent to which observed phenological responses to changes in climate are the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic changes. We also know little about how plasticity, in terms of thermal reaction norms, vary spatially. We investigated if the thermal reaction norms for flower development of five crucifer species (Brassicaceae) differed among three regions along a sout ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.02323

16. Phenological matching rather than genetic variation in host preference underlies geographical variation in host plants used by orange tip butterflies

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Stålhandske, Sandra; Olofsson, Martin; Ehrlén, Johan; Wiklund, Christer; Leimar, Olof;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2016 v.119 no.4 pp. 1060-1067
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
butterflies; females; genetic variation; geographical variation; host plants; host preferences; larvae; oviposition; phenology; Sweden; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... An insect species that shows variation in host species association across its geographical range may do so either because of local adaptation in host plant preference of the insect or through environmentally or genetically induced differences in the plants, causing variation in host plant suitability between regions. In the present study, we experimentally investigate the host plant preference of ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12838

17. Winter chilling speeds spring development of temperate butterflies

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Stålhandske, Sandra; Leimar, Olof;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2017 v.86 no.4 pp. 718-729
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
butterflies; climate change; climatic factors; cold treatment; ectothermy; latitude; models; phenology; prediction; pupae; pupal development; spring; temperature; winter; Sweden; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Understanding and predicting phenology has become more important with ongoing climate change and has brought about great research efforts in the recent decades. The majority of studies examining spring phenology of insects have focussed on the effects of spring temperatures alone. Here we use citizen‐collected observation data to show that winter cold duration, in addition to spring temperature, c ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12673

18. Sex‐linked inheritance of diapause induction in the butterfly Pieris napi

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Pruisscher, Peter; Larsdotter‐Mellström, Helena; Stefanescu, Constantí; Nylin, Sören; Wheat, Christopher W.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Physiological entomology 2017 v.42 no.3 pp. 257-265
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Pieris napi; Z chromosome; backcrossing; butterflies; diapause; evolution; hybrids; inheritance (genetics); latitude; photoperiod; winter
Abstract:
... Many temperate insects survive harsh environmental conditions, such as winter, by entering a state of developmental arrest. This diapause state is predominantly induced by photoperiod. The photoperiod varies with latitude and has led to local adaptation in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in many insects. To understand the rapid evolution of the photoperiodic threshold, it is important to i ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12194

19. Timing of diapause termination in relation to variation in winter climate

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Lehmann, Philipp; Van Der Bijl, Wouter; Nylin, Sören; Wheat, Christopher W.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Physiological entomology 2017 v.42 no.3 pp. 232-238
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Pieris napi; butterflies; climate; diapause; eclosion; landscapes; models; pests; phenology; pupae; reproduction; temperature; winter
Abstract:
... In temperate insects, winters are typically endured by entering diapause, which comprises a deep resting stage. Correct timing of diapause termination is vital for synchronization of emergence with conspecifics and for mobilizing resources when conditions for growth and reproduction become favourable. Although critical to survival, the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of diapause termination timing ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12188

20. Phenological synchrony between a butterfly and its host plants: Experimental test of effects of spring temperature

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Posledovich, Diana; Toftegaard, Tenna; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2018 v.87 no.1 pp. 150-161
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
butterflies; climatic factors; flowering; host plants; oviposition; phenology; phenotypic plasticity; phytophagous insects; plasticity; spring; temperature
Abstract:
... Climate‐driven changes in the relative phenologies of interacting species may potentially alter the outcome of species interactions. Phenotypic plasticity is expected to be important for short‐term response to new climate conditions, and differences between species in plasticity are likely to influence their temporal overlap and interaction patterns. As reaction norms of interacting species may be ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12770

21. Genetic variation underlying local adaptation of diapause induction along a cline in a butterfly

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Pruisscher, Peter; Nylin, Sören; Wheat, Christopher W.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Molecular ecology 2018 v.27 no.18 pp. 3613-3626
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; alleles; backcrossing; butterflies; carnitine acetyltransferase; diapause; genetic variation; heterozygosity; kinesin; latitude; life history; loci; photoperiod; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Diapause is a life history strategy allowing individuals to arrest development until favourable conditions return, and it is commonly induced by shortened day length that is latitude specific for local populations. Although understanding the evolutionary dynamics of a threshold trait like diapause induction provides insights into the adaptive process and adaptive potential of populations, the gene ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.14829

22. Local adaptation of photoperiodic plasticity maintains life cycle variation within latitudes in a butterfly

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Lindestad, Olle; Wheat, Christopher W.; Nylin, Sören;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Ecology 2019 v.100 no.1 pp. e02550
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Pararge aegeria; ambient temperature; butterflies; climate; diapause; habitats; larval development; latitude; models; phenology; photoperiod; photoperiodism; plasticity; prediction; rearing; seasonal variation; winter
Abstract:
... The seasonal cycle varies geographically and organisms are under selection to express life cycles that optimally exploit their spatiotemporal habitats. In insects, this often means producing an annual number of generations (voltinism) appropriate to the local season length. Variation in voltinism may arise from variation in environmental factors (e.g., temperature or photoperiod) acting on a singl ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecy.2550

23. Butterfly–host plant synchrony determines patterns of host use across years and regions

Author:
Gotthard, Karl,   et al.   ; Toftegaard, Tenna; Posledovich, Diana; Navarro‐Cano, José A.; Wiklund, Christer; Ehrlén, Johan;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Oikos 2019 v.128 no.4 pp. 493-502
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabis hirsuta; Capsella bursa-pastoris; Cardamine; Noccaea caerulescens; butterflies; developmental stages; eggs; flight; global warming; herbivores; host plants; natural selection; phenology
Abstract:
... Variation in the degree of synchrony among host plants and herbivores can disrupt or intensify species interactions, alter the strength of natural selection on traits associated with phenological timing, and drive novel host plant associations. We used field observations from three regions during four seasons to examine how timing of the butterfly herbivore Anthocharis cardamines relative to six h ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.05720