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... Data on the frequencies of the main colour morphs (lineata, redimita and ovata) of Enoplognatha ovata have been collected from a total of 454 Ordnance Survey 10 km squares distributed throughout Great Britain. Only c. 0.5% of samples were monomorphic, for lineata in each case. Multiple regression analysis has been used to assess possible associations between morph frequencies and principal compone ...
... An opisthosomal (abdominal) colour polymorphism is described in the North American spider, Theridion californicum, comprising a plain Yellow morph and (at least) ten patterned morphs, which exhibit areas of red or black pigments superimposed on the yellow background, or no pigment (white). The polymorphism appears to be present throughout the species' range. The Yellow morph is the most frequent i ...
Jarred Hugh Oxford, et al. ; Marjana dos Santos Cardoso; Antonio Cesar Godoy; Rômulo Rodrigues; Matheus dos Santos Cardoso; Fabio Bittencourt; Altevir Signor; Wilson Rogério Boscolo; Aldi Feiden; Show all 9 Authors
... The objective of the study was to determine the physical-chemical composition of protein hydrolysates from meat by-products from poultry and swine processing, as well as to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude protein (ADCCB), crude energy (ADCCE), essential (ADCEAA), and non-essential (ADCNEAA) amino acids for juvenile Nile tilapia. The physicochemical composition (dry ...
heart rate; metabolism; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrition; risk factors; China
Abstract:
... Observational studies have associated resting heart rate with incident diabetes. Whether the associations are causal remains unclear. We aimed to examine the shape and strength of the associations and assessed the causal relevance of such associations in Chinese adults.The China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512,891 adults in China. Cox proportional hazard regression models was conducted to estimate h ...
working conditions; foods; health promotion; menu planning; food and nutrition programs; food sanitation; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Background: The Heartbeat Award Scheme (HBA) is a national initiative whereby caterers receive an award for meeting identified minimum criteria related to healthy menu choices, food hygiene and eating environment. The eligibility of four staff catering facilities in an NHS Trust was assessed by audit. Methods: An audit tool was developed which enabled comparison between food displayed and itemized ...
... BACKGROUND: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited myocardial disease with high prevalence in the Boxer dog population. It is characterized by replacement of the myocardium with fatty or fibro‐fatty tissue. Several mechanisms for the development of ARVC have been suggested, including dysfunction of the canonical Wnt pathway, which is linked to many cellular function ...
... Campylobacter is one of the major foodborne pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The immune response of broiler chickens to C. jejuni is under-researched. This study aimed to characterize the immune response of chickens to Campylobacter jejuni colonization. Birds were challenged orally with 0.5 mL of 2.4 x 108 CFU/mL of Campylobacter jejuni or with 0.5 mL of 0.85% saline. Campylo ...
... Experimental power is a measure of the ability of an experiment to detect differences between treatment means. Researchers design experiments and then calculate the probability that differences are simply due to chance, the null hypothesis. The objective of the analyses reported here was to determine the appropriate number of samples to demonstrate significant differences of various magnitudes fro ...
cats; electrocardiography; heart; myocarditis; troponin I
Abstract:
... This report describes transient trifascicular block in three cats presented with lethargy and inappetence, and elevated cardiac troponin I concentrations.The electrocardiogram (ECG) of cat 1 showed a sinus rhythm with pronounced first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, right bundle branch block, and left anterior fascicular block. The ECG of cat 2 showed truncular left bundle branch block alterna ...
... The autosomal dominant chondrodystrophies, the Stickler type 2 and Marshall syndromes, are characterized by facial abnormalities, vision deficits, hearing loss, and articular joint issues resulting from mutations in COL11A1. Zebrafish carry two copies of the Col11a1 gene, designated Col11a1a and Col11a1b. Col11a1a is located on zebrafish chromosome 24 and Col11a1b is located on zebrafish chromosom ...
Alexander KriegCurrent address: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK OX3 7BN, et al. ; Stephan LaibCurrent address: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; E-mail: slaib@physics.ucsd.edu; Pascal Häfliger; Nikos Agorastos; Show all 4 Authors
DNA; biophysics; chemical compounds; chemical reactions; coatings; microbiology
Abstract:
... Utilising the strong affinity between nucleic acids and an intercalating pyrene derivate, a novel efficient method for unspecific immobilisation of double-stranded DNA on to solid support for applications in bioanalytic, biophysics and microbiology is presented. ...
... The presence of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) has been the focus of many recent studies. These particles, predominantly emitted from smoldering biomass burning, absorb light in the near-ultraviolet and short visible wavelengths and offset the radiative cooling effects associated with organic aerosols. Particle density dictates their transport properties and is an important parameter in climate mo ...
... The objective of this study was to determine estimates of heritability for underline score (UDLS) and genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations (rg, re, rp, respectively) of UDLS with conformation score (CONS), birth weight (BRWT), weaning weight (WNWT), and yearling weight (YRWT) in Beefmaster cattle born between 1976 and 2008. Records provided by Beefmaster Breeders United (n = 49,533) ...
Tegenaria; geographical distribution; surveys; England
Abstract:
... Summary Tegenaria atrica is a species common in continental Europe and the Republic of Ireland but on the British mainland it has long been regarded as a relatively rare import that has failed to establish. The recent discovery of this species in some numbers and over several years in Burnopfield, County Durham, represented the first-reported, self-sustaining population. We show here that the spec ...
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation on performance and intestinal immune parameters of broilers during an experimental coccidiosis infection. There were 3 glutamine supplementation levels in this study: 0, 0.5, and 1.0%. At 14 d of age, each bird was given an oral gavage of 20X dose of Coccivac B52 suspended in distilled water. IFN-γ mRNA levels wer ...
... The objective is to investigate the effects of dietary zinc form and concentration in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 6) were allotted to treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement to examine supplemental zinc from sulfate (ZS) and glycinate (ZG) and concentration (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg). In healthy conditions, no difference in poultry performances is to be expected between organic ...
... Understanding of the clinical, histological and molecular features of the novel coronavirus 2019 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has remained elusive. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by this virus has unusual clinical presentation with regard to other related coronaviruses. Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, unlike other related viruses, infects and r ...
Jarred Hugh Oxford, et al. ; Antonio Cesar Godoy; Lucas Ulisses Rovigatti Chiavelli; Rômulo Batista Rodrigues; Igor de Oliveira Ferreira; Arypes Scuteri Marcondes; Claucia Aparecida Honorato da Silva; Dacley Neu; Show all 8 Authors
Oreochromis niloticus; ammonia; dissolved oxygen; ecosystems; fish; nitrites; oxygen; pH; phosphorus; principal component analysis; surface water; temperature
Abstract:
... For fish farming, water is the limiting factor for good productivity. Limnological characteristics determine the health and the productivity of the fish and can indicate possible problems arising in the ecosystem. The present study aimed to verify the nictemeral and vertical dynamics of limnological characteristics in a tilapia farming tank coated with geomembrane and with low water renewal. Colle ...
... Few studies have been made on the peri-copulatory behaviour and the outcome of multiple mating in secondarily derived cul-de-sac spiders. Here, molecular markers (allozymes) are used to confirm multiple-paternity in wild-collected females of the Silver Stretch spider, Tetragnatha montana, showing that sperm competition is a potentially important driver in the evolution of its mating system. Estima ...
... DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is one of the most common genetic syndromes, resulting from random mutations in the 22q11.2 region of chromosome 22. The effects of DGS are highly variable and include craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac defects, immune deficiencies, cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying the manifestations of DGS are not completely understood. I ...
Theridiidae; environmental factors; genetic drift; genetic variation; heritability; loci
Abstract:
... Breeding studies have shown that the number of black spots on the dorsal surface of the opisthosoma of E. ovata is genetically determined, with a narrow heritability of about 0.7. There is, in addition, evidence that the presence and absence of spots might be under the control of a small number of major loci. Frequencies of spotted and non-spotted spiders in Nidderdale, Yorkshire, define the same ...
... Current relative distributions and evolutionary interactions of two species of large house spiders, Tegenaria saeva and T. gigantea, vary geographically in Britain. To understand fully their underlying causes requires knowledge of species ranges in the past. Here, information from five sources: (a) historical distribution maps based on county and vice county lists; (b) a re-examination of museum a ...
Carol V. RobinsonCurrent address: Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK., et al. ; Matthew J. WebbCurrent address: Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 576, Uppsala 75123, Sweden.; Stéphanie DerooCurrent address: Laboratory for Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP206/2, Blvd. du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.; Nick Bampos; Show all 4 Authors
acids; chemical communication; ionization; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; porphyrins
Abstract:
... In this report we use the weak interactions of acid–porphyrin complexes to selectively bind competing acids to the faces of a rigid cyclic porphyrin dimer, and characterise the resulting interactions by NMR spectroscopy and nano-electrospray ionisation spectrometry. ...
... Diagnosing the early stages of canine Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is complicated by day-to-day arrhythmia variability, and absence of reliable, transthoracic echocardiographic features. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathologic identification of transmural fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricle. Reduction of immunofluorescent signal for plakoglobin (PG) at the ...
... To determine the ability of a vaccine formulated with the genital Chlamydia trachomatis, serovar F, native major outer membrane protein (Ct-F-nMOMP), to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were immunized three times by the intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes using CpG-2395 and Montanide ISA 720 VG, as adjuvants. As controls, another group ...
Tessa L. Oxford, et al. ; Daniel M. Santosa; Lynn M. Wendt; Bradley D. Wahlen; Andrew J. Schmidt; Justin Billing; Igor V. Kutnyakov; Richard T. Hallen; Michael R. Thorson; Daniel B. Anderson; Show all 10 Authors
... Seasonal impacts on the production of algae biomass require blending with other feedstocks such as wood to maintain consistent annual conversion capacity. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed a long-term storage strategy for algae biomass using ensiling, or anaerobic wet storage, that was tested for blends of algae and wood to stabilize the feedstock supply for processing to fuels. Additi ...
Jarred Hugh Oxford, et al. ; Antonio Cesar Godoy; Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de Freitas; Ricardo Vianna Nunes; Dacley Hertes Neu; Rômulo Batista Rodrigues; Wilson Rogé;rio Boscolo; Aldi Feiden; Show all 8 Authors
... The present study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and yield characteristics and the chemical composition of Pimelodus britskii in two seasons (winter or summer) to provide information for its industrialization and commercial use. For this trial, 72 individuals were collected from either winter or summer. The fish were distributed to three length classes (<20 cm, 20 to 23 cm, >23 cm), for a tota ...
alanine transaminase; blood; blood composition; body weight changes; broiler chickens; carcass yield; chemical composition; cholesterol; corn; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; glycerol; meat; meat quality; protein deposition; weight gain
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin (CG) levels on performance, blood parameters, carcass yield and cuts, carcass chemical composition, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 1,056 birds were randomly distributed into 2 experimental phases. In phase 1 (1–21 D), 6 levels of CG (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) were supplemented in the diets, CG was supplemented ...
W. B. StruwePresent address: University of Oxford, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK., et al. ; C. Baldauf; J. Hofmann; P. M. Rudd; K. Pagel; Show all 5 Authors
chemical compounds; density functional theory; gases; ionization; ions; isomers; molecular dynamics; oligosaccharides; polysaccharides; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... There has been increasing evidence that certain isomeric glycans can be separated efficiently by ion mobility-mass spectrometry when deprotonated ions are analyzed. To better understand the fundamentals behind these separations, we here investigate the impact of ionisation mode and adduct formation using IM-MS, density-functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics. ...
... ¹⁸O isotope labelling studies of the CO oxidation-assisted epoxidation of propene, catalyzed by a mixture of Au/TiO₂ and TS-1, using a methanol–H₂O solvent showed the O in the epoxide was exclusively from O₂ and not H₂O or methanol. ...
... Movement underpins animal spatial ecology and is often modelled as habitat-dependent correlated random walks. Here, we develop such a model for the flightless tansy leaf beetle Chrysolina graminis moving within and between patches of its host plant tansy Tanacetum vulgare. To parameterize the model, beetle movement paths on timescales of minutes were observed in uniform plots of tansy and inter-pa ...
Sofia I. PascuCurrent address: Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3TA, et al. ; Lok H. Tong; Thibaut Jarrosson; Jeremy K. M. Sanders; Show all 4 Authors
chemical interactions; chemical reactions; porphyrins; synthesis
Abstract:
... Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings have been used in short and efficient sequences to give access to a new family of porphyrin trimers on a practical scale. ...
... The spider Enoplognatha ovata is univoltine. It has three principal visible morphs, lineata, redimita and mala, whose genetics are understood. Phenotype frequencies and population sizes have been estimated at 44 sites in a single valley in Yorkshire for periods of up to 15 years. Geographically, recognizable areas of high and low frequencies of redimita and ovata are found, typically a few hundred ...
... Key to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process of speciation is the determination of the nature of the barriers to gene flow between related taxa. Species that show zero gene flow in sympatry or parapatry are of little use in this respect. In the present study, we used two closely‐related species of large house spider, Tegenaria saeva and Tegenaria gigantea, which hybridize to a ...
analytical chemistry; animals; biodiesel; butanes; diacylglycerols; feedstocks; gas chromatography; glycerol; ionization; mass spectrometry; methane; monoacylglycerols; risk; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... Accurate and comprehensive identification of residual glycerides in biodiesel is an important part of fuel characterization due to the impact of glycerides on the fuel physicochemical properties. However, analysis of bound glycerol in biodiesel samples faces challenges due to lack of readily available standards of structurally complex glyceride species in nontraditional biodiesel feedstocks and a ...
Deborah L. Kays (née Coombs)Present address: Central Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3TA., et al. ; Simon Aldridge; Amal Al-Fawaz; Kevin M. Jones; Peter N. Horton; Michael B. Hursthouse; Ross W. Harrington; William Clegg; Show all 8 Authors
chemical bonding; chemical reactions; iron; ligands; zwitterions
Abstract:
... The reaction of (η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(CO)₂B(C₆F₅)₂ with CO has been shown to proceed via ligand substitution at the metal with accompanying transfer of the boryl fragment (via C–H insertion) to the Cp ring, thereby generating the zwitterion [η⁵-C₅H₄B(C₆F₅)₂H]Fe(CO)₃ in quantitative yield. ...
Tegenaria; genetic distance; hybridization; mitochondrial DNA; new genus; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; North America; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... DNA analyses may reveal groupings of species that are discordant with phylogenies constructed using morphological characters. Here, we examine the taxonomic status of what, historically, was called the Tegenaria atrica group of large house spiders: T. atrica, T. saeva, and T. duellica (gigantea). A recent phylogenetic analysis, based largely on European material, proposed that this group should be ...
chaparral; shrublands; semiarid zones; watersheds; streams; stream flow; nitrogen; atmospheric deposition; prescribed burning; time series analysis; California
Abstract:
... Fire is a critical ecosystem process in many landscapes and is particularly dominant in the chaparral shrublands of southern California which are also exposed to high levels of atmospheric N deposition. Few studies have addressed the combined effects of these two disturbance factors. In this study we evaluate the hydrologic and biogeochemical response of a control and a prescribed burn catchment o ...
... Hybridization and introgression in the wild between two species in the Eratigena atrica group of large house spiders, E. duellica and E. saeva, are well documented. However, the morphology of known F₁ hybrids and subsequent F₂ and backcross generations has not previously been explored. The phenotypes of these interspecific offspring have implications for the ease of introgression and for the morph ...
Kristie L. Oxford, et al. ; Basel T. Assaf; Keith G. Mansfield; Susan V. Westmoreland; Amitinder Kaur; Don J. Diamond; Peter A. Barry; Show all 7 Authors
... We previously reported that long-term rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) excretion in infected macaques was related to UL/b' coding content. Acute biopsy specimens of the inoculation sites from the previous study have now been analyzed to determine whether there were acute phenotypic predictors of long-term RhCMV infection. Only in animals displaying acute endothelial tropism and neutrophilic inflamma ...
Jarred Hugh Oxford, et al. ; Edionei Maico Fries; Antonio Cesar Godoy; Micheli Z. Hassamer; Arlindo Fabrício Corrêia; Wilson Rogério Boscolo; Altevir Signor; Show all 7 Authors
... This study evaluated the effect of diet supplementation with phytase enzyme (1,500 IU kg⁻¹ of phytase) on the apparent digestibility parameters, availability and mineral deposits in the bones, intestinal histology, and proximate analysis on silver catfish (Rhamdia voulezi). A total of 360 silver catfish with an average weight of 236.98 ± 54.02 g were randomly distributed in 24–500 L conical-cylind ...
Theridion; amplified fragment length polymorphism; biodiversity; color; gene flow; habitats; land use change; loci; mitochondrial DNA; morphs; population structure; North America
Abstract:
... Changes in land use have a major effect on patterns of biodiversity. However, few studies have examined the demographic and genetic shifts associated with a return to semi‐natural habitat following extended periods of human disturbance. Here we examine patterns of population structure in a spider restricted to the Pacific coastal strip of North America that exhibits an exuberant colour polymorphis ...
Julia Thom Oxford, et al. ; Stephanie M. Frahs; Jonathon C. Reeck; Katie M. Yocham; Anders Frederiksen; Kiyo Fujimoto; Crystal M. Scott; Richard S. Beard; Raquel J. Brown; Trevor J. Lujan; Ilia A. Solov’yov; David Estrada; Show all 12 Authors
... Graphene foam holds promise for tissue engineering applications. In this study, graphene foam was used as a three-dimension scaffold to evaluate cell attachment, cell morphology, and molecular markers of early differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine if cell attachment and elaboration of an extracellular matrix would be modulated by functionalization of graphene foam with fibronecti ...
... We investigated whether signals of known dispersal processes and habitat patch turnover could be detected in a snapshot of the distribution of the tansy leaf beetle Chrysolina graminis among patches of its host plant tansy Tanacetum vulgare. Beetle occupancy in 1305 patches was analysed using autologistic generalised additive models (GAMs). These model spatial autocorrelation with an autocovariate ...
Jarred Oxford, et al. ; Cristiano Bortoluzzi; Ludovic Lahaye; Derek Detzler; Cinthia Eyng; Nicolle Barbieri; Elizabeth Santin; Michael Kogut; Show all 8 Authors
... The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of protected organic acids and essential oils [P(OA+EO)] on the intestinal health of broiler chickens raised under field conditions. The study was conducted on 4 commercial farms. Each farm consisted of 4 barns: 2 barns under a control diet and 2 tested barns supplemented with P (OA+EO), totaling 16 barns (8 control and 8 under P(OA+EO) ...
Oxford Frozen Foods, et al. ; Farooque Aitazaz A.; Abbas Farhat; Zaman Qamar U.; Madani Ali; Percival David C.; Arshad Muhammad; Wild Blueberry Producers Association of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia Wild blueberry Institute; Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture; Show all 10 Authors
... We compared the impact of surface broadcasted N-Viro biosolids and inorganic fertilizer (16.5% Ammonium sulphate, 34.5% Diammonium phosphate, 4.5% Potash, and 44.5% s and/or clay filler) applications on soil properties and nutrients, leaf nutrient concentration, and the fruit yield of lowbush blueberry under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions during 2008-2009 at Debert, NS, Canada. Application ...
Jarred Hugh Oxford, et al. ; Antonio Cesar Godoy; Oscar Oliveira Santos; Iury Walysson de Amorim Melo; Rômulo Batista Rodrigues; Dacley Neu; Ricardo Vianna Nunes; Wilson Rogério Boscolo; Show all 8 Authors
... The aim of this study was to evaluate different levels of soybean oil inclusion in diets for Nile tilapia. 270 tilapia, with an initial weight of 425.33 ± 32.37 g and initial length of 25.53 ± 2.00 cm, were randomly distributed in 15 tanks. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (30%) using five increasing levels of soybean oil (0.00; 15.00; 30.00; 45.00 and 60.00 g kg⁻¹) with each level h ...
Theridion; amplified fragment length polymorphism; color; loci; parallel evolution
Abstract:
... Genetically controlled colour polymorphisms provide a physical manifestation of the operation of selection and how this can vary according to the spatial or temporal arrangement of phenotypes, or their frequency in a population. Here, we examine the role of selection in shaping the exuberant colour polymorphism exhibited by the spider Theridion californicum. This species is part of a system in whi ...