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... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely spread environmental contaminants which affect developing organisms. It is known that improper activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by some PAHs contributes to toxicity, while other PAHs can disrupt cellular membrane function. The exact downstream mechanisms of AhR activation remain unresolved, especially with regard to cardiotoxicity ...
... The crustacean ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which severely affects Atlantic salmon health and welfare is one of the main problems of commercial aquaculture. In the present study, fish were fed a diet supplemented with extra minerals through the inclusion of a commercial additive (Biofeed Forte Salmon), substituting wheat in the control diet, before experimental infestation ...
... High content of carotenoids in tissues of salmonid species suggests possible functional importance, which has so far remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin on performance and gene expression of sea water adapted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with low content of marine ingredients (7.5% fishmeal and 5% fish oil). Salmon with start weight ...
AlekseiKrasnov, et al. ; Katerina Kousoulaki; Elisabeth Ytteborg; John Sweetman; Mona Elisabeth Pedersen; Vibeke Høst; Richard Murphy; Show all 7 Authors
Salmo salar; aquaculture; astaxanthin; body weight; carotenes; digestibility; energy metabolism; erythropoiesis; essential amino acids; extracellular matrix; fish meal; genes; immunohistochemistry; immunomodulation; intestines; mortality; salmon; smoltification; transcription (genetics); transcriptomics; vitamin supplements
Abstract:
... To contribute in knowledge for the development of safe, efficient and sustainable functional salmon diets, we ran a feeding trial applying a 2³ full factorial design to investigate combined effects, on Atlantic salmon smoltification and post transfer performance, of variable supplementation levels of essential amino acid (Lys, Met, Thr and Arg), essential trace mineral (Zn, Fe and Se) and vitamins ...
... We report the development of a multigene gene expression assay on the BioMark HD platform for the evaluation of immune competence (ImCom) in farmed Atlantic salmon. The first version of the assay included 92 genes selected on the basis of transcriptome analyses in 54 trials that challenged the immune system; annotations were taken into account to represent the key pathways of innate and adaptive i ...
... The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a significant problem in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The industry is forced to use harsh antiparasitic treatments, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) baths, to treat the fish. We have utilized in vivo, semi in vivo, and in vitro methods to study the effects of exposures to H₂O₂. Assessment of external welfare indicators and plasma levels of cortisol, ...
AlekseiKrasnov, et al. ; Anne Flore Bakke; Alexander Rebl; Petter Frost; Sergey Afanasyev; Kristoffer Alnes Røyset; Tina Søfteland; Hege Lund; Preben Boysen; Show all 9 Authors
... Before seawater transfer, farmed Atlantic salmon are subjected to treatments that may affect the immune system and susceptibility to pathogens. E.g., exposure to constant light (CL) stimulates smoltification, which prepares salmon to life in sea water, but endocrine changes in this period are associated with suppression of immune genes. Salmon are vaccinated towards end of the freshwater period to ...
... Smoltification and early seawater phase are critical developmental periods with physiological and biochemical changes in Atlantic salmon that facilitates survival in saltwater. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have important roles in development, but whether any miRNAs are involved in regulation of gene expression during smoltification and the adaption to seawater is largely unknown. Here, small RN ...
... Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are receiving greater attention because they have potential to reduce the use of water, enable better control of environmental conditions and give greater biosecurity. However, little is known about the effects of conditions in RAS on early development. Here we compare the survival, development and gene expression of Atlantic salmon grown in a RAS and flow t ...
... BACKGROUND: Various intestinal morphological alterations have been reported in cultured fish fed diets with high contents of plant ingredients. Since 2000, salmon farmers have reported symptoms indicating an intestinal problem, which we suggest calling lipid malabsorption syndrome (LMS), characterized by pale and foamy appearance of the enterocytes of the pyloric caeca, the result of lipid accumul ...
... Two structurally similar NF-κB-inhibitor-interacting Ras-like proteins (NKIRAS) regulate the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and thereby control several early immune mechanisms in mammals. We identified the orthologous sequences of NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The level of sequence identity was similarly high (≥68%) between the two and in comparison to ...
AlekseiKrasnov, et al. ; Cyril Rigaud; Andreas Eriksson; Emma Wincent; Hannu Pakkanen; Heli Lehtivuori; Janne Ihalainen; Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen; Show all 8 Authors
Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; actin; calcium; cardiotoxicity; electron transport chain; environment; gene expression regulation; homeostasis; iron absorption; microarray technology; models; muscle contraction; myosin; oxygen; phenanthrenes; toxicity; transcriptome; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of concern that impact every sphere of the environment. Despite several decades of research, their mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. This study explores the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of the three widespread model PAHs retene, pyrene and phenanthrene in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) early life stages. Newly hatc ...
AlekseiKrasnov, et al. ; Amritha Johny; Gerd Marit Berge; André S. Bogevik; Bente Ruyter; Christiane Kruse Fæste; Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye; Show all 7 Authors
Salmo salar; amino acid composition; animal health; digestibility; energy density; feed conversion; feed intake; feed safety; fish feeds; fish meal; food safety; gene expression; human health; immunity; intestines; lipid content; lipid metabolism; lipoproteins; liver; malnutrition; protein sources; salmon; sterols; transcriptome; wheat gluten
Abstract:
... Feed safety is a necessity for animal health and welfare as well as prerequisite for food safety and human health. Wheat gluten (WG) is considered as a valuable protein source in fish feed due to its suitability as a feed binder, high digestibility, good amino acid profile, energy density and most importantly, due to its relatively low level of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The main aim of this ...
... Sturgeons represent a substantial scientific interest due to their high economic value, endangered status and also as the most primitive group of ray-finned fishes. Rapid progress in knowledge of sturgeon immunity was achieved recently with use of RNA sequencing. We report transcriptome sequencing of gill, head kidney, and spleen of bester sturgeon (a hybrid of beluga Huso huso and sterlet Acipens ...
... Fish skin is a multifunctional barrier tissue with high regeneration capacity that interacts with the surrounding environment and provides protection. Functional importance, high complexity and activity make skin an attractive tissue for studying the effects of environmental challenges and chemical stressors in fish. The aim of this work was to characterize skin from polar cod (Boreogadus saida) a ...
... The olfactory organs of fish have vital functions for chemosensory and defence. Though there have been some ground-breaking discoveries of their involvement in immunity against pathogens in recent years, little is known about how they respond to non-infectious agents, such as exogenous oxidants, which fish encounter regularly. To this end, we employed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model to st ...
... Immunoglobulin M plays a key role in systemic protection of Atlantic salmon against pathogens. Until recent, studies have focused on antigen-specific antibodies and little is known about the IgM repertoire: its size, developmental changes and responses to antigens. We report the development of deep sequencing protocol to characterize the repertoire of IgM heavy chain variable region. Its structure ...
AlekseiKrasnov, et al. ; Åshild Krogdahl; Anne Kristine Grostøl Hansen; Trond M. Kortner; Ingemar Bjӧrkhem; Gerd M. Berge; Vegard Denstadli; Show all 7 Authors
... Excessive enterocyte lipid accumulation, with the suggested term lipid malabsorption syndrome (LMS), is frequently observed in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), in small fish in fresh water as well as in large fish in seawater. The symptoms indicate insufficient supply of components involved in lipid assimilation. The questions addressed in the present work were whether dietary supply of components ...
Aeromonas salmonicida; B-lymphocytes; Moritella viscosa; Salmo salar; acute phase proteins; antibodies; bacterial infections; bioavailability; biochemical pathways; case studies; complement; etiology; fish; fish culture; fish diseases; freshwater; gene expression regulation; genes; heme; hemocyanin; hemorrhage; humoral immunity; immunoglobulin M; inflammation; iron; kidneys; lectins; limpets; messenger RNA; microarray technology; mortality; nephrocalcinosis; protein content; seawater; tumor necrosis factor receptors; vaccines; vitamin A
Abstract:
... Haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (HSS) is a disorder of unknown aetiology causing losses in the fresh water phase of Atlantic salmon farming. Normally, the mortality is limited and symptoms disappear upon seawater exposure. In this case study, classical HSS pathology with internal organ haemorrhages and nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed, and the losses were substantial. Microarray analyses of head kidney ...
... The majority of studies of vaccine responses in Atlantic salmon have focused on several weeks after vaccination, and employed a limited number of marker genes. In this study, novel techniques were used to examine a broad panel of expressed genes and antibody repertoire of Atlantic salmon following vaccination. Salmon parr were vaccinated with a multivalent oil-based vaccine, and blood plasma and h ...