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- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Clinton A. Stonecipher; Kevin D. Welch; Stephen T. Lee; Daniel Cook; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2022 v.205 pp. 79-83
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- Cicuta; diazepam; goats; intravenous injection; phenobarbital; toxicity
- Abstract:
- ... Water hemlocks (Cicuta spp.) are toxic members of the Apiaceae plant family. The best drug treatment for the convulsions associated with acute water hemlock poisoning in livestock and humans has not been determined experimentally. This work compared the therapeutic actions of benzodiazepines (diazepam) and barbiturates (phenobarbital) on water hemlock poisoning in a goat model. C. maculata tubers ...
- Handle:
- 10113/7590210
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.003
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.003
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Stephen T. Lee; T. Zane Davis; Kevin D. Welch; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon: X pp. -
- ISSN:
- 2590-1710
- Subject:
- Isocoma pluriflora; cytotoxicity; humans; melanoma; mice; models; toxicity testing; tremetone
- Abstract:
- ... This research compared the cytotoxic actions of the benzofuran ketone, tremetone in B16 murine melanoma cells to SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with an MTT assay. Tremetone was not cytotoxic in B16 cells. In SH-SY5Y cells, concentration-dependent tremetone cytotoxicity occurred without microsomal activation. No cytotoxicity was observed with 6-hydroxytremetone. This suggests that SH-SY5Y cells ...
- Handle:
- 10113/7332670
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100018
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100018
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100018
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Dale R. Gardner; Clint A. Stonecipher; Stephen T. Lee; James A. Pfister; Kevin D. Welch; Daniel Cook; T. Zane Davis; Bryan L. Stegelmeier; Show all 9 Authors
- Source:
- Rangelands 2020 v.42 no.1 pp. 1-8
- ISSN:
- 0190-0528
- Subject:
- Delphinium; administrative management; age; alkaloids; bulls; cattle breeds; chemistry; dosage; financial economics; heifers; pastures; poisoning; rangelands; steers; toxicity; yearlings
- Abstract:
- ... •Toxic larkspurs (Delphinium species) cause large economic losses from cattle deaths, increased management costs, and reduced utilization of pastures and rangelands.•Larkspur toxicity to cattle can vary by geographic location due to toxic alkaloid content.•Larkspur alkaloid chemistry can be used to predict plant toxicity.•Cattle breeds differ in their susceptibility to larkspur poisoning.•As cattl ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.rala.2020.01.004
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.rala.2020.01.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2020.01.004
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Kristin Andrud; Hong Xing; Bjarne Gabrielsen; Linda Bloom; Vladimir Mahnir; Stephen Lee; Jon Lindstrom; William Kem; Show all 9 Authors
- Source:
- Marine drugs 2019 v.17 no.11 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 1660-3397
- Subject:
- agonists; anabaseine; binding capacity; binding sites; brain; chlorides; gamma-aminobutyric acid; imines; medicinal properties; neurotransmitters; nicotinic receptors; pH; rats
- Abstract:
- ... Three major forms of the nicotinic agonist toxin anabaseine (cyclic iminium, cyclic imine and the monocationic open-chain ammonium-ketone) co-exist in almost equal concentrations at physiological pH. We asked the question: Which of these forms is pharmacologically active? First, we investigated the pH dependence of anabaseine inhibition of [3H]-methylcarbamylcholine binding at rat brain α4&b ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/md17110614
- PubMed:
- 31671780
- PubMed Central:
- PMC6891768
- https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110614
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Clinton A. Stonecipher; Stephen T. Lee; Daniel Cook; Kevin D. Welch; James A. Pfister; Dale R. Gardner; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2019 v.161 pp. 33-39
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- Delphinium; cattle; chemical analysis; chemotypes; death; diterpenoid alkaloids; high performance liquid chromatography; hills; indigenous species; mass spectrometry; mucus; nose; perennials; plant poisoning; rangelands; toxicity; Western United States
- Abstract:
- ... Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are native perennial plants that have a serious toxic potential to cattle on foothill and mountain rangelands in the western United States. Livestock death due to larkspur toxicity is attributed to norditerpenoid alkaloids. Diagnosing plant poisonings in livestock is often challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of three matrices; earwax, oral f ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.013
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.013
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.013
- Author:
- Benedict T Green, et al. ; D. R. Brown; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2016 v.874 no. pp. 121-141
- ISSN:
- 0065-2598
- Subject:
- Escherichia coli O157; Peyer's patches; Salmonella enterica; bacteria; bacterial colonization; catecholamine receptors; cell communication; cell membranes; dopamine; epithelial cells; intestinal microorganisms; intestinal mucosa; large intestine; neurons; neurotransmitters; norepinephrine; pathogenesis; pathogens; small intestine; sodium channels
- Abstract:
- ... The intestinal epithelium is a critical barrier between the internal and external milieux of the mammalian host. Epithelial interactions between these two host environments have been shown to be modulated by several different, cross-communicating cell types residing in the gut mucosa. These include enteric neurons, whose activity is influenced by bacterial pathogens, and their secreted products. N ...
- Handle:
- 10113/5326636
- DOI:
- 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_5
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_5
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; T. Zane Davis; Bryan L. Stegelmeier; Stephen T. Lee; Carol G. Chitko-McKown; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Research in veterinary science 2018 v.118 pp. 419-422
- ISSN:
- 0034-5288
- Subject:
- Ageratina altissima; ambient temperature; blood serum; body weight; creatine kinase; drying; exercise; goats; grinding; shelf life; storage temperature; storage time; toxicity; toxins; tremetone
- Abstract:
- ... White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) contains the putative toxin tremetone and can produce a disease called “trembles” or “milk sickness”. However the toxicity of tremetone has not been demonstrated in vivo. It has been reported that the plant is less toxic after drying and grinding. The objectives of these studies were to determine: 1) the toxic effect of grinding white snakeroot 4 months prior ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.006
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; James A. Pfister; Dale R. Gardner; Kevin D. Welch; Daniel Cook; Clint A. Stonecipher; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Professional animal scientists 2018 v.34 no.6 pp. 581-593
- ISSN:
- 1080-7446
- Subject:
- Angus; Delphinium glaucum; Delphinium occidentale; blood serum; death; diet; genetic markers; grazing; heifers; phenotype; poisoning; rangelands; steers
- Abstract:
- ... Delphinium spp. (larkspurs) often fatally poison grazing cattle. Angus cattle differing in susceptibility to larkspur poisoning were used to assess selection of larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) while grazing. During July 2015, 2016, and 2017, diet selection of 12 cattle (6 susceptible, 6 resistant) was determined for 2 to 3 wk. During 2015 resistant steers ate 6% of their diets as total larkspur ...
- DOI:
- 10.15232/pas.2018-01775
- https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2018-01775
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; John W. Keele; Gary L. Bennett; Dale R. Gardner; Clint A. Stonecipher; Daniel Cook; James A. Pfister; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 31-39
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- Angus; Delphinium; alkaloids; bulls; chemotypes; dairy breeds; grazing; heifers; poisoning; poisonous plants; rangelands; risk reduction; steers; toxicity; North America
- Abstract:
- ... Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Recent research has shown that both plant and animal-based factors are critical in understanding and mitigating larkspur poisoning in cattle. Non-toxicological factors including sex, age, cattle breed, and plant chemotype affect cattle responses to larkspur. For example, Angus hei ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Stephen T. Lee; Kevin D. Welch; Daniel Cook; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Research in veterinary science 2017 v.115 pp. 195-200
- ISSN:
- 0034-5288
- Subject:
- Lupinus; acetylcholine; agonists; biomarkers; blood serum; calves; cell culture; median effective concentration; membrane potential; metabolism; models; nicotinic receptors; piperidine alkaloids; sparteine; teratogenicity
- Abstract:
- ... Anagyrine, a teratogenic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Lupinus spp., is proposed to undergo metabolism by pregnant cattle to a piperidine alkaloid which inhibits fetal movement, the putative mechanism behind crooked calf syndrome. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that anagyrine but not lupanine or sparteine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nicotinic acetylcholi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019
- Chorus Open Access:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Stephen T. Lee; Kevin D. Welch; Daniel Cook; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Toxins 2016 v.8 no.7 pp. 204
- ISSN:
- 2072-6651
- Subject:
- acetylcholine; agonists; anabasine; cholinergic receptors; fetus; muscles; neurons; nicotine; teratogenicity; teratogens; toxins
- Abstract:
- ... Teratogenic alkaloids can cause developmental defects due to the inhibition of fetal movement that results from desensitization of fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We investigated the ability of two known teratogens, the piperidinyl-pyridine anabasine and its 1,2-dehydropiperidinyl analog anabaseine, to activate and desensitize peripheral nAChRs expressed in TE-671 and ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62924
- DOI:
- 10.3390/toxins8070204
- PubMed:
- 27384586
- PubMed Central:
- PMC4963837
- CHORUS:
- 10.3390/toxins8070204
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8070204
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Stephen T. Lee; Clinton A. Stonecipher; Fabrício Carrião dos Santos; James A. Pfister; Kevin D. Welch; Daniel Cook; Dale R. Gardner; Kip E. Panter; Show all 9 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2018 v.67 no.1 pp. 43-49
- ISSN:
- 1520-5118
- Subject:
- Lupinus leucophyllus; cattle; chemical analysis; livestock and meat industry; livestock production; mucus; nose; poisoning; poisonous plants; quinolizidine alkaloids; rangelands; teratogenicity; Western United States
- Abstract:
- ... The livestock industry in the western United States loses an estimated $500 million annually from livestock production losses due to poisonous plants. Poisoning of livestock by plants often goes undiagnosed because there is a lack of appropriate or available specimens for analysis. The Lupinus species represent an important toxic plant in western North America that can be toxic and/or teratogenic ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05673
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05673
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Reuel A. Field; Bryan L. Stegelmeier; Steven M. Colegate; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2015 v.97 pp. 36-45
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- carcinogenicity; carcinogens; cell viability; chickens; cytotoxicity; hepatocytes; humans; in vitro studies; lactate dehydrogenase; mitochondria; models; monocrotaline; riddelliine; risk; toxicology
- Abstract:
- ... Plants producing dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (DHPAs) are found throughout the world and they are dangerous to human and animal health. Several DHPAs are carcinogenic but only riddelliine has been classified as a potential human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program. As DHPA-related carcinogenicity is probably linked to cytotoxicity, a model of CRL-2118 chicken hepatocyte cytotoxicity wa ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62901
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.001
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.001
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.001
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Kevin D. Welch; Dale R. Gardner; Clinton A. Stonecipher; James A. Pfister; Daniel Cook; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Toxins 2016 v.8 no.1 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 2072-6651
- Subject:
- Delphinium bicolor; Zigadenus; acute toxicity; alkaloids; blood serum; cattle; exercise; heart rate; muscle fatigue; poisoning; poisonous plants; rangelands; toxins
- Abstract:
- ... In many rangeland settings, there is more than one potential poisonous plant. Two poisonous plants that are often found growing simultaneously in the same location in North American rangelands are death camas (Zigadenus spp.) and low larkspur (Delphinium spp.). The objective of this study was to determine if co-administration of death camas would exacerbate the toxicity of low larkspur in cattle. ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62906
- DOI:
- 10.3390/toxins8010021
- PubMed:
- 26771639
- PubMed Central:
- PMC4728543
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8010021
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Daniel Cook; Dale R. Gardner; Stephen T. Lee; Clinton A. Stonecipher; James A. Pfister; Kevin D. Welch; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Biochemical systematics and ecology 2017 v.75 pp. 1-9
- ISSN:
- 0305-1978
- Subject:
- Delphinium; alkaloids; biogeography; chemotypes; geographical distribution; grazing management; herbaria; livestock; poisoning; poisonous plants; rangelands; relative risk; toxicity; Colorado; New Mexico
- Abstract:
- ... Larkspurs (Delphinium, Ranunculaceae) are poisonous plants found on rangelands throughout Western North America. Two main structural groups of norditerpene alkaloids, the N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine type (MSAL-type) and the non-MSAL type, are responsible for larkspur-induced poisoning. Information on the alkaloid composition is lacking for a number of Delphinium species, including ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bse.2017.09.002
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2017.09.002
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Camila Goulart; Kevin D. Welch; James A. Pfister; Isabelle McCollum; Dale R. Gardner; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 11-14
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- Cicuta; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors; plant extracts; poisonous plants; polyacetylenes; toxicity; tubers
- Abstract:
- ... Water hemlocks (Cicuta spp.) are acutely toxic members of the Umbellierae family; the toxicity is due to the presence of C17-polyacetylenes such as cicutoxin. There is only limited evidence of noncompetitive antagonism by C17-polyacetylenes at GABAA receptors. In this work with WSS-1 cells, we documented the noncompetitive blockade of GABAA receptors by an aqueous extract of water hemlock (Cicuta ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62893
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.015
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.015
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Stephen T. Lee; Kevin D. Welch; Dale R. Gardner; Bryan L. Stegelmeier; T. Zane Davis; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Research in veterinary science 2015 v.100 pp. 239-244
- ISSN:
- 0034-5288
- Subject:
- Holstein; Lupinus; alkaloids; beef; blood sampling; blood serum; calves; cattle diseases; cattle industry; congenital abnormalities; disease incidence; disease severity; oral administration; pharmacokinetics; phytotoxins; steers; teratogenicity
- Abstract:
- ... Teratogenic alkaloid-containing Lupinus spp. cause congenital defects known as crooked calf disease that is periodically economically devastating for the cattle industry. Previous research indicates that cattle breeds may eliminate plant toxins differently, potentially altering their susceptibility. The objective of this study was to describe the toxicokinetics in Holsteins of anagyrine, the terat ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62784
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.001
- CHORUS:
- 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.001
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.001
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Kip E. Panter; Kevin D. Welch; Dale R. Gardner; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Birth Defects Research: Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews 2013 v.99 no.4 pp. 223-234
- ISSN:
- 1542-975X
- Subject:
- animal models; congenital abnormalities; economic impact; economic sustainability; embryo (animal); embryotoxicity; fetal development; livestock; livestock and meat industry; multipliers; natural toxicants; neonates; poisonous plants; ranchers; reproductive success
- Abstract:
- ... The impact of natural toxins from poisonous plants on the embryo, fetus, and neonate are dramatic and economically significant to livestock producers worldwide. In livestock, reproductive success is the single most important economic multiplier for livestock producers in the U.S. followed by carcass quality and growth traits. Many examples of poisonous plant induced reproductive failure, including ...
- Handle:
- 10113/5418163
- DOI:
- 10.1002/bdrc.21053
- https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.21053
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Kevin D. Welch; Kip E. Panter; Stephen T. Lee; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Chemical Research in Toxicology 2013 v.26 no.8 pp. 1129-1138
- ISSN:
- 0893-228X
- Subject:
- Conium maculatum; Delphinium; Lupinus; Nicotiana; alkaloids; chemical structure; cholinergic receptors; drugs; grazing; ingestion; livestock; molecular weight; oxalates; phytotoxins; poisonous plants; screening; secondary metabolites
- Abstract:
- ... Plants produce a wide variety of chemical compounds termed secondary metabolites that are not involved in basic metabolism, photosynthesis, or reproduction. These compounds are used as flavors, fragrances, insecticides, dyes, hallucinogens, nutritional supplements, poisons, and pharmaceutical agents. However, in some cases these secondary metabolites found in poisonous plants perturb biological sy ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62992
- DOI:
- 10.1021/tx400166f
- CHORUS:
- 10.1021/tx400166f
- https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400166f
- Author:
- Benedict T. Green, et al. ; Daniel Cook; Kevin D. Welch; Dale R. Gardner; James A. Pfister; John R. Constantino; Clinton A. Stonecipher; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Toxicon 2015 v.99 no. pp. 36-43
- ISSN:
- 0041-0101
- Subject:
- Delphinium barbeyi; Delphinium occidentale; alkaloids; animal models; cattle; chemical composition; chemical constituents of plants; exercise; heart rate; mice; poisoning; poisonous plants; prediction; rangelands; toxicity; Canada; Western United States
- Abstract:
- ... Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are poisonous plants on rangelands throughout the Western United States and Canada. Larkspur-induced poisoning in cattle is due to norditerpene alkaloids that are represented by two main structural groups of norditerpene alkaloids, the N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine type (MSAL-type) and the non-MSAL type. Information on the alkaloid composition and resultin ...
- Handle:
- 10113/62821
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.005
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.005