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You searched for: Author "Darrin M. Karcher" Remove constraint Author: "Darrin M. Karcher"
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1. Tissue Colonization and Egg and Environmental Contamination Associated with the Experimental Infection of Cage-Free Laying Hens with Salmonella Braenderup

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Javier S. Garcia; Richard K. Gast; Jean Y. Guard; Deana Jones;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2022 v.66 no.1 pp. 74-78
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Salmonella Braenderup; egg industry; eggs; human diseases; liver; nest boxes; oviducts; pollution; serotypes; specific pathogen-free animals; spleen
Abstract:
... In 2018, a national recall of shell eggs in the United States occurred due to human illness caused by Salmonella Braenderup. Although previous studies have identified Salmonella Braenderup in laying hens and the production environment, little is known about the ability of this Salmonella serovar to infect laying hens and contaminate eggs. The objective of this study was to examine the invasiveness ...
DOI:
10.1637/21-00091

2. Research Note: Internal organ colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected layer pullets reared at different stocking densities in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K. Gast; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Javier S. Garcia;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.11 pp. 102104
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; egg production; human diseases; intestines; liver; risk reduction; sexual maturity; spleen
Abstract:
... Contamination of eggs by Salmonella has often been identified as a source of food-borne human illness. S. Enteritidis is deposited inside developing eggs when invasive infections of laying hens reach the reproductive organs. The susceptibility of hens in cage-based housing systems to S. Enteritidis has been associated with their stocking density, but the applicability of this information to extens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102104
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102104

3. Self- and conspecific-directed pecking behavior of commercial Pekin ducks

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Yiru Dong; Marisa A. Erasmus;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2021 v.235 pp. 105223
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
Pekin; barns; ducks; flocks; tail
Abstract:
... Injurious pecking behavior affects commercial Pekin duck welfare, but little information is available regarding the characteristics thereof. This study investigated self- and conspecific-directed pecking behavior of ducks, including 1) the prevalence, frequency and duration, 2) age-related changes in pecking and preening behavior, and body locations affected; 3) influence of time of day and locati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105223

4. Research Note: Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in experimentally infected laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K. Gast; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.11 pp. 101438
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Typhimurium; eggs; flocks; humans; nests; oviposition; public health; serotypes; wood
Abstract:
... Contaminated eggs are a leading source of human Salmonella infections and this problem continues to challenge public health authorities and egg industries around the world. Salmonella invasion of the ovaries and oviducts of infected laying hens can result in bacterial deposition inside the edible portions of developing eggs. The introduction, persistence, and transmission of salmonellae in commerc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101438
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101438

5. Applied Research Note: Internal organ colonization and horizontal transmission of experimental Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky infection in vaccinated laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K. Gast; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2021 v.30 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Kentucky; applied research; disease transmission; egg contamination; egg production; immunity; intestines; liver; oviducts; pathogens; public health; risk reduction; spleen; vaccination
Abstract:
... Cage-free housing of laying hens may provide opportunities for widespread environmental distribution of Salmonella contamination and horizontal transmission of infection within flocks. Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial laying flocks presents an ongoing public health concern because reproductive organ colonization in hens leads to deposition inside eggs. Many S. Enteritidis control programs incl ...
Handle:
10113/7198051
DOI:
10.1016/j.japr.2020.100132
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.japr.2020.100132

6. Pooling of Laying Hen Environmental Swabs and Efficacy of Salmonella Detection

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Richard K. Gast; Prafulla Regmi; Garrett E. Ward; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of food protection 2020 v.83 no.6 pp. 943-950
ISSN:
0362-028X
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Kentucky; Salmonella Typhimurium; barns; cages; eggs; farms; flora; food safety; inoculum; nalidixic acid; serotypes; streptomycin; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis is required for U.S. shell egg producers with ≥3,000 hens on a farm. The egg producer assumes all costs for the mandatory testing. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Rule, either manure scraper or drag swabs can be collected according to published guidelines and requirements. The present study was undertaken to determine th ...
DOI:
10.4315/JFP-19-467

7. Daytime occupancy of resources and flooring types by 4 laying hen strains in a commercial-style aviary

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Ahmed B.A. Ali; Dana L.M. Campbell; Janice M. Siegford;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Journal of veterinary behavior 2019 v.31 pp. 59-66
ISSN:
1558-7878
Subject:
animal welfare; aviaries; data analysis; egg quality; feed conversion; floors; laying hens; nest boxes; nests; statistical models; strain differences; video recording
Abstract:
... In response to consumer demands and legislative measures for improving hens' welfare, many laying hen producers are replacing conventional cages with aviaries. Aviary resources, such as nest boxes, litter areas, ledges, and perches, are intended to increase the display of natural behaviors. However, commercial laying hen strains have been differentially selected for varying traits including egg qu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jveb.2019.03.010
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.jveb.2019.03.010

8. Biofortified orange corn increases xanthophyll density and yolk pigmentation in egg yolks from laying hens

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Darwin Ortiz; Tyler Lawson; Rachel Jarrett; Ashley Ring; Kailynn L. Scoles; Lisa Hoverman; Evan Rocheford; Torbert Rocheford;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.7 pp. 101117
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
biofortification; cages; color; colorimetry; corn; egg production; egg yolk; eggs; eyes; high performance liquid chromatography; lutein; macular degeneration; pigmentation
Abstract:
... Plant breeding has developed corn genotypes with grain higher in levels of carotenoids. Dietary consumption of specific carotenoids by humans has been associated with improved eye health, notably with some protection against age-related macular degeneration. Increasing dietary sources of macular carotenoids in the standard American diet might be accomplished by using high carotenoid Orange Corn in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101117
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101117

9. Research Note: Horizontal transmission and internal organ colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky in experimentally infected laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K. Gast; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.11 pp. 6071-6074
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Kentucky; barns; disease transmission; egg contamination; eggs; flocks; intestines; laying hens; liver; oviducts; poultry diseases; salmonellosis; spleen
Abstract:
... The transmission of Salmonella to humans via contaminated eggs is an international public health concern. S. Enteritidis is deposited inside eggs after colonizing reproductive tissues of infected hens. Diverse housing facility characteristics and flock management practices influence Salmonella persistence and transmission in poultry, but the food safety consequences of different housing systems fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.006
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.006

10. Keel impacts and associated behaviors in laying hens

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Sydney L. Baker; Cara I. Robison; Michael J. Toscano; Maja M. Makagon;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2020 v.222 pp. 104886
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
accelerometers; animal behavior; bone fractures; cage design; keel bone; laying hens; perches (animal housing)
Abstract:
... Factors contributing to the development of keel bone damage are not well understood. This study aimed to identify behaviors and cage structures associated with acceleration events experienced by individual hens at their keels as the birds navigated their enriched colony cage environments. Additionally, we aimed to characterize the accelerations associated with these behaviors, as we postulated tha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104886

11. Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing

Author:
Darrin M Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K Gast; Prafulla Regmi; Rupa Guraya; Deana R Jones; Kenneth E Anderson;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.4 pp. 1785-1790
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; bacterial colonization; cage rearing; cages; egg contamination; eggs; environmental enrichment; environmental factors; flocks; genetic lines; human diseases; intestines; laying hens; liver; nesting; oviducts; oviposition; pathogens; poultry housing; salmonellosis; spleen; tissues
Abstract:
... The prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial egg-laying flocks is a prominent public health concern because contaminated eggs cause human illness. Deposition of this pathogen inside eggs results from bacterial colonization of reproductive tissues in infected hens. Environmental conditions can influence avian Salmonella infections, but the food safety consequences of different poultry hou ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pey541

12. Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing

Author:
Darrin M Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K Gast; Prafulla Regmi; Rupa Guraya; Deana R Jones; Kenneth E Anderson;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.10 pp. 5023-5027
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; egg contamination; eggs; human diseases; pathogens; poultry production; public health
Abstract:
... Human illness caused by the consumption of eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis is a continuing international public health concern. This pathogen is deposited inside the edible contents of eggs as a consequence of its ability to colonize reproductive tissues in infected hens. Conditions in the housing environment can influence the persistence and transmission of avian Salmonella infectio ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pez222

13. Keel bone differences in laying hens housed in enriched colony cages

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Nicholas J. Chargo; Cara I. Robison; Hope O. Akaeze; Sydney L. Baker; Michael J. Toscano; Maja M. Makagon;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.2 pp. 1031-1036
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
accelerometers; cage rearing; cages; computed tomography; computer software; data collection; keel bone; laying hens; models
Abstract:
... Keel bone damage may be painful to birds and affect their production. In order to better understand the frequency, position, and timepoint of keel bone damage that occur during production, the integrity of W-36 laying hen keel bones housed in enriched colony cages at 748.4 cm² (116 in²) was evaluated. At four time points, 120 birds (10 per cage; three cages per each of four rooms) had keel bones e ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pey421

14. Poultry in the classroom: effectiveness of an online poultry-science-based education program for high school STEM instruction

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Mary G. Erickson; Marisa A. Erasmus; Neil A. Knobloch; Elizabeth L. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.12 pp. 6593-6601
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
case studies; consumer behavior; education programs; focus groups; labor force; poultry; poultry industry; surveys; t-test; teachers; Indiana
Abstract:
... Public knowledge of the poultry industry is limited, yet attitudes towards the industry shape consumer behavior and influence the attractiveness of poultry careers and future study. This study assessed an online learning program contextualizing STEM learning within poultry science which was designed to increase poultry knowledge and interest. High school student participants (n = 169) across 16 cl ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pez491
CHORUS:
10.3382/ps/pez491

15. Keel bone damage assessment: consistency in enriched colony laying hens

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Nicholas J. Chargo; Cara I. Robison; Sydney L. Baker; Michael J. Toscano; Maja M. Makagon;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.2 pp. 1017-1022
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
bone fractures; cages; computed tomography; computer software; computers; industry; keel bone; laying hens; longitudinal studies; models
Abstract:
... Damage to the keel bone is a major issue in the laying hen industry. The goal of this study was to compare palpation results of live laying hens to digital computed tomography (CT) images, to assess changes in palpation reliability as training and familiarity increased, and to examine keel bone morphology over time. The longitudinal study consisted of 2 trials of 3 observation periods using 40 dif ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pey373

16. Location tracking of individual laying hens housed in aviaries with different litter substrates

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Dana L.M. Campbell; Janice M. Siegford;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2016 v.184 pp. 74-79
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
animal behavior; aviaries; cages; industry; laying hens; nest boxes; straw; systems engineering; wood shavings
Abstract:
... The laying hen industry is phasing out conventional cages in favor of other housing systems such as the aviary – designed to improve hen welfare by providing additional space and resources including a litter area. However, we do not know whether individual hens significantly vary in the time they spend in different areas of these aviaries throughout the day, which may affect individual welfare. Fu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2016.09.001

17. Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium in experimentally infected laying hens housed in enriched colony cages at different stocking densities

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Richard K. Gast; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Jean Guard; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2017 v.96 no.5 pp. 1402-1409
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Typhimurium; animal welfare; cages; cecum; humans; liver; oviducts; serotypes; spleen
Abstract:
... Contaminated eggs produced by infected commercial laying flocks are often implicated as sources of human infections with Salmonella Enteritidis, but Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium have also been associated with egg-transmitted illness. Contamination of the edible contents of eggs is a consequence of the colonization of reproductive tissues in systemically infected hens. In recent y ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pew375

18. A method of determining bending properties of poultry long bones using beam analysis and micro-CT data

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Patrick E. Vaughan; Michael W. Orth; Roger C. Haut;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2016 v.95 no.1 pp. 207-212
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
aviaries; biomechanics; bone density; bone health; equations; geometry; humans; micro-computed tomography
Abstract:
... While conventional mechanical testing has been regarded as a gold standard for the evaluation of bone heath in numerous studies, with recent advances in medical imaging, virtual methods of biomechanics are rapidly evolving in the human literature. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of determining the elastic and failure properties of poultry long bones using establi ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pev345

19. Duck gait: Relationship to hip angle, bone ash, bone density, and morphology

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Cara I. Robison; Meredith Rice; Maja M. Makagon;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2015 v.94 no.5 pp. 1060-1067
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Pekin; ash content; body weight; bone density; computed tomography; ducks; femur; gait; meat; models; statistical analysis; tibia
Abstract:
... The rapid growth meat birds, including ducks, undergo requires skeletal integrity; however, fast growth may not be conducive to adequate bone structure. A relationship likely exists between skeletal changes and duck mobility. Reduced mobility in meat ducks may have impacts on welfare and production. This study examined the relationships among gait score, bone parameters, and hip angle. Commercial ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pev050

20. Assessing the waddle: An evaluation of a 3-point gait score system for ducks

Author:
Darrin M. Karcher,   et al.   ; Maja M. Makagon; Rebecca Woolley;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2015 v.94 no.8 pp. 1729-1734
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Pekin; ducks; gait; meat production; viability
Abstract:
... Impaired walking ability is an economically important welfare problem that affects poultry raised for meat production, including Pekin ducks. To gain a better understanding of the impacts of walking impairments on duck production, and to identify contributing variables and plausible remedies, an accurate measure of walking ability must first be defined. The viability of a 3-point gait score system ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pev151