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- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Zijiang Yang; Michael N. Evans; Michael D. Buser; Cathleen J. Hapeman; Alba Torrents; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of environmental sciences (China) 2022 pp. -
- ISSN:
- 1001-0742
- Subject:
- air; altitude; case studies; cotton; cotton gin; models; particulate emissions; particulates; remediation; risk assessment; standard deviation; wind direction; wind speed; China
- Abstract:
- ... Monitoring and modeling of airborne particulate matter (PM) from low-altitude sources is becoming an important regulatory target as the adverse health consequences of PM become better understood. However, application of models not specifically designed for simulation of PM from low-altitude emissions may bias predictions. To address this problem, we describe the modification and validation of an a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.048
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.048
- Author:
- Derek P Whitelock, et al. ; Paul A Funk; Joseph W Thomas; Kathleen M Yeater; Carlos B Armijo; John D Wanjura; Christopher D Delhom; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2022 v.38 no.1 pp. 15-21
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- Agricultural Research Service; agriculture; cotton gin; energy; lint cotton; seed cotton; Mississippi; New Mexico; Texas
- Abstract:
- ... Most cotton fiber (lint) is separated from the seed by gin saw teeth that pull the lint between metal bars (ribs). These ribs are spaced close enough to each other that the seeds cannot pass with the lint. Cotton gin saws are available in three thicknesses, 0.9144, 0.9398, and 1.143 mm (0.036, 0.037, and 0.045 in.). No data from controlled experiments has been published which compares the effect o ...
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.14535
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14535
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Paul A. Funk; Joseph W. Thomas; Kathleen M. Yeater; Neha Kothari; Carlos B. Armijo; John D. Wanjura; Christopher Delhom; Show all 8 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2022 v.38 no.4 pp. 645-650
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- agriculture; cotton gin; cottonseed; credit; cultivars; energy; fiber quality; germination; humidity; lint cotton; models; regression analysis; seed cotton; seed damage; seed quality; temperature; water content; Mississippi; New Mexico; Texas
- Abstract:
- ... Over 95% of U.S. cotton post-harvest processing is done using saw gins. Gin saws have long been supplied in three thicknesses. We quantified the effect of saw thickness on lint turnout, lint value, and seed damage, variables that determine producer returns. Saw cylinders stacked with 0.9144 and 1.143 mm (0.036 and 0.045 in.) thick saws, the thinnest and thickest available, were operated in laborat ...
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.15171
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15171
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Efrem Bechere; Paul A. Funk; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2022 v.38 no.3 pp. 517-522
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- agriculture; cotton gin; cottonseed; energy; genotype; lint cotton; micronaire; seed coat
- Abstract:
- ... Seed coat fragments (SCF) are difficult to remove from ginned lint. Cotton genotypes vary in SCF levels, but details are lacking regarding the cause of SCF. This study examined ten genotypes with highly variable levels of SCF to find relationships between SCF and cottonseed rupture force, fiber-seed attachment force, and net gin stand energy. Results showed that the attachment force of the fiber t ...
- Handle:
- 10113/7830436
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.14325
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14325
- Author:
- Derek P Whitelock, et al. ; Cody D Blake; Paul A Funk; Carlos B Armijo; Michael D Buser; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2022 v.38 no.1 pp. 9-14
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- agriculture; color; fiber content; fiber quality; labor; leaves; lint cotton; seed quality
- Abstract:
- ... HighlightsReducing the ginning rate improved fiber quality properties.HVI color, leaf grade, and trash area were improved as the ginning rate is reduced.AFIS gave longer, more uniform, and lower short fiber content results with slower ginning rates.Economic benefits on lower ginning rates are negated by input cost, i.e., labor costs.Abstract. Fiber quality needs to be maintained as ginning rates a ...
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.14303
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14303
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Paul A. Funk; Joe W. Thomas; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture v.36 no.3 pp. 245-256
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; agriculture; cotton gin; cottonseed; lint cotton; seed cotton
- Abstract:
- ... HighlightsExperimental high-capacity seed-cotton reclaimers were evaluated for the growing high-speed roller-ginning industry.The experimental reclaimers minimized the amount of seed-cotton loss compared to the conventional reclaimer, but had more seed loss than a conventional reclaimer.The conventional reclaimer had the lowest combined seed and lint loss when processing Pima cotton.An experimenta ...
- Handle:
- 10113/7019819
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.13704
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.13704
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Michael D. Buser; Carlos B. Armijo; S. Ed Hughs; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2019 v.35 no.5 pp. 775-785
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- bales; cotton gin; cottonseed; fiber content; lint cotton; manufacturing; models; seed damage; seed quality
- Abstract:
- ... The trend in modern gin stand designs to increase gin stand production rate in terms of bales/h was generally achieved by increased width, narrower saw spacing, and higher saw loading. This study examined fiber length reductions, short fiber content, fiber neps, and cottonseed damage associated with five saw gin stands of differing production rates, design, and manufacture that represent a range o ...
- Handle:
- 10113/6825370
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.12751
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.12751
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Christopher D. Delhom; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture 2018 v.34 no.3 pp. 623-632
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; air; bales; batteries; cotton gin; energy; fiber content; fiber quality; lint cotton; natural gas; operating costs; packaging materials; pressing; seed cotton; spinning; wages and remuneration; water content; yarn quality; yarns
- Abstract:
- ... Testing was conducted at a western commercial cotton gin to evaluate the effect of humid air moisture addition on fiber quality, bale value, and operating costs; when applied at the gin stand feeder conditioning hopper and lint slide battery condenser. Two tests each with 19 conventional modules of upland cotton were conducted over two consecutive days. The moisture treatments included feeder hopp ...
- Handle:
- 10113/6896878
- DOI:
- 10.1301/aea.12618
- https://doi.org/10.1301/aea.12618
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Paul A. Funk; Vikki B. Martin; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2019 v.23 no.1 pp. 66-77
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- cleaners; cleaning; cotton ginning; cultivars; defoliation; harvesting; lint cotton; seed cotton; spinning
- Abstract:
- ... There is a need to develop cotton ginning methods that better preserve length uniformity, a fiber characteristic that is critical with newer, more efficient air-jet spinning technology. This report summarizes results of harvesting and ginning studies within the past fifteen years that included HVI fiber length uniformity index (uniformity). The studies concluded that cultivar was an important dete ...
- Handle:
- 10113/6964465
- Author:
- Derek P Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B Armijo; Christopher D Delhom; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Applied engineering in agriculture v.34 no.3 pp. 623-632
- ISSN:
- 0883-8542
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; air; bales; batteries; cotton gin; energy; fiber content; fiber quality; lint cotton; natural gas; operating costs; packaging materials; pressing; seed cotton; spinning; wages and remuneration; water content
- Abstract:
- ... Testing was conducted at a western commercial cotton gin to evaluate the effect of humid air moisture addition on fiber quality, bale value, and operating costs; when applied at the gin stand feeder conditioning hopper and battery condenser lint slide. Two tests each with 19 conventional modules of upland cotton were conducted over two consecutive days. The moisture treatments included feeder hopp ...
- DOI:
- 10.13031/aea.12618
- https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.12618
- Author:
- Derek P Whitelock, et al. ; S Ed Hughs; Carlos B Armijo; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Textile research journal v.87 no.8 pp. 891-901
- ISSN:
- 1746-7748
- Subject:
- USDA; bark; color; cotton; grasses; image analysis; instrumentation; leaves; models; regression analysis
- Abstract:
- ... Cotton extraneous matter (EM) and special conditions are the only cotton quality attributes still determined manually by US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA-AMS) classers. To develop a machine EM classing system, a better understanding of what triggers a classer EM call is needed. The goal of this work was to develop new information about cotton EM, such as bark and g ...
- DOI:
- 10.1177/0040517516641360
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517516641360
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Joe W. Thomas; Sidney E. Hughs; Marvis N. Gillum; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2017 v.21 no. pp. 199-209
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; bales; cotton gin; fiber quality; leather; lint cotton; vibration; United States
- Abstract:
- ... Roller ginning provided the first mechanical means of separating cotton lint from seed. The first true roller gin was the Churka gin, which was hand operated and consisted of two hard rollers that ran together at the same surface speed, pinching fiber from the seed and producing up to 2.3 kg (5.0 lb) of lint/day. In 1840, the McCarthy gin was invented to gin extra-long-staple (ELS) cotton. It cons ...
- Handle:
- 10113/5931560
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Carlos B. Armijo; Sidney E. Hughs; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.2 pp. 307-318
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- cleaners; cleaning; cotton ginning; cultivars; fiber content; fiber quality; fractionation; leaves; lint cotton; spinning; staple (fibers); wastes
- Abstract:
- ... A pneumatic fractionator was assessed as a lint cleaning device for ginned lint. Results from a test that used two line pressures and three fractionation times showed that higher line pressure and longer fractionation time produced fiber that was shorter in staple length, contained more neps, and had less dust, trash, and visible foreign matter (including leaf). Short fiber content was not differe ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61708
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; J. Clif Boykin; Michael D. Buser; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.3 pp. 478-490
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- air quality; cotton; cotton gin; emissions factor; particle size; particle size distribution; particulate emissions; particulates; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)). This c ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61753
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Michael D. Buser; J. Clif Boykin; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.1 pp. 111-120
- ISSN:
- 1523-6919
- Subject:
- cotton; cotton gin; cotton ginning; data collection; emissions factor; particulate emissions; pollution control
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Proctection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors genera ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61687
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Michael D. Buser; J. Clif Boykin; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.3 pp. 491-503
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- air quality; cotton; cotton gin; emissions factor; particle size; particle size distribution; particulate emissions; particulates; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)). This c ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61745
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; J. Clif Boykin; Michael D. Buser; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.3 pp. 554-556
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- air quality; cotton; cotton gin; emissions factor; particle size; particle size distribution; particulate emissions; particulates; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This cre ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61739
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Michael D. Buser; J. Clif Boykin; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.3 pp. 591-602
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- air quality; cotton; cotton gin; emissions factor; particle size; particle size distribution; particulate emissions; particulates; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This cre ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61740
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; Michael D. Buser; J. Clif Boykin; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.3 pp. 465-477
- ISSN:
- 1524-3303
- Subject:
- air quality; batteries; condensers; cotton; cotton gin; emissions factor; particle size; particle size distribution; particulate emissions; particulates; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)). This c ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61747
20. Battery condenser system total particulate emission factors and rates for cotton gins: Method 17
- Author:
- Derek P. Whitelock, et al. ; J. Clif Boykin; Michael D. Buser; Gregory A. Holt; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of cotton science 2015 v.19 no.1 pp. 101-110
- ISSN:
- 1523-6919
- Subject:
- batteries; condensers; cotton; cotton gin; cotton ginning; emissions factor; environmental protection; particulate emissions
- Abstract:
- ... This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors general ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61679