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... Conventional methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility rely on bacterial growth on agar plates (diffusion assays) or in liquid culture (microdilution assays). These time-consuming assays use population growth as a proxy for cellular respiration. Herein we propose to use mediated extracellular electron transfer as a rapid and direct method to classify antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacte ...
... We determined the immediate impact of exposure to antibiotic-treated animals on housing soil microbiome and resistome. Fecal (n = 36) and soil (n = 108) samples from dairy calves (n = 6) treated with and without florfenicol over 30 days were collected. There were temporary changes in the gut microbiome of antibiotic-treated calves as measured by Shannon diversity (16S rRNA gene sequencing; P = 0.0 ...
DouglasR. Call, et al. ; Luís Augusto Nero; Milimani Andretta; Thaiza T. Almeida; Leticia R. Ferreira; Anderson C. Camargo; Ricardo S. Yamatogi; Antonio F. Carvalho; Show all 8 Authors
Acinetobacter johnsonii; Enterococcus; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Streptococcus salivarius; artisan cheese; farm size; lactic acid; species diversity; starter cultures; Brazil
Abstract:
... The lactic microbiota of the Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) produced in the Serro region was characterized by culture-dependent and -independent methods. Samples of Serro MAC (n = 55) were obtained and plated for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) enumeration. Isolates (n = 176) were subsequently identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as lactobacilli, Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus sp. LAB counts and the di ...
antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; burden of disease; coliform bacteria; livestock; livestock husbandry; markets; multiple drug resistance; odds ratio; regression analysis; vaccination; villages; Tanzania
Abstract:
... We examined the spatial distribution of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria amongst livestock from three distinct cultural groups, where group-level differences in practices (e.g., antibiotic use) may influence the magnitude of antibiotic resistance, while livestock interactions (e.g., mixing herds, shared markets) between these locations may reduce heterogeneity in the distribution of antibiot ...
DouglasR. Call, et al. ; Banafsheh Molki; Phuc T. Ha; Anders Omsland; David R. Gang; Stephen R. Lindemann; Nabil Killiny; Haluk Beyenal; Show all 8 Authors
... 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' ('Ca. L. asiaticus'), the suspected causative agent of citrus greening disease, is one of many phloem-restricted plant pathogens that have not been isolated and grown in an axenic culture. In this study, infected Asian citrus psyllids were used to prepare a host-free source of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. Host-free mixed microbial cultures of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' were grow ...
... Buparvaquone and parvaquone are hydroxynaphthoquinone compounds commonly used to treat livestock infected with Theileria species such as T. parva and T. annulata. In many (sub)tropical regions, chromatic changes in medicines can result from extreme environmental conditions and improper drug storage or handling, raising the possibility of drug degradation and loss of potency. We evaluated the effec ...
DNA; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance genes; bacteriophages; beta-lactamase; capsid; carbapenems; irrigation canals; irrigation water; municipal wastewater; polymerase chain reaction; river water; rivers; wastewater treatment; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Our objective was to determine whether β-lactamase genes are carried within bacteriophage capsids, as a first step towards exploring the possible role of bacteriophages as vehicles for dispersal of antimicrobial resistance genes through an agricultural region of Washington State. Water samples (n = 178) from municipal wastewater treatment plants, river and irrigation canals were collected over a p ...
... Livestock health is economically important for agropastoral households whose wealth is held partly as livestock. Households can invest in disease prevention and treatment, but livestock disease risk is also affected by grazing practices that result in inter-herd contact and disease transmission in regions with endemic communicable diseases. This paper examines the relationships between communal gr ...
... Pastoralist Maasai populations of east Africa use several different wild plants as dietary and medicinal additives in beverages (soups and teas), yet little is known about how the plants used and the rationales for use compare and contrast across different Maasai beverages, including how gender specific dietary and health concerns structure patterns of intake.We investigated three Maasai beverages ...
... Dairy cattle of different ages experience different living conditions and varied frequency of antibiotic administration that likely influence the distribution of microbiome and resistome in ways that reflect different risks of microbial transmission. To assess the degree of variance in these distributions, fecal and soil samples were collected from six distinct housing areas on commercial dairy fa ...
attitudes and opinions; boiling; health information; households; hygiene; milk; milk quality; pasteurization; pastoralism; pathogens; plate count; thermometers; villages; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Across pastoralist groups, dairy products often fulfill major nutritional, economic, and socio-cultural functions. These contributions are jeopardized by poor milk quality with studies among pastoralist groups showing dairy products can harbour a long list of pathogens. These potential risks underscore the need for more effective dairy hygiene interventions. Here, we determine how health messages ...
... The World Health Organization has identified quinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and macrolides as the most important antibiotics in human medicine. In the context of agricultural use of antibiotics, the principle zoonotic agents of concern are Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. Antibiotic exposure provides a selective advantage to ...
agropastoralism; community health; disease outbreaks; food security; gender; herbal medicines; herd size; households; human health; livestock; medicine; models; multicultural diversity; research projects; social environment; zoonoses; Ethiopia; Tanzania
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Human and animal health are deeply intertwined in livestock dependent areas. Livestock health contributes to food security and can influence human health through the transmission of zoonotic diseases. In low-income countries diagnosis and treatment of livestock diseases is often carried out by household members who draw upon both ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) and contemporary veterina ...
DouglasR. Call, et al. ; Anderson C. Camargo; Alexandra Moura; Johannetsy Avillan; Nicole Herman; Adelle P. McFarland; Srinand Sreevatsan; Joshua J. Woodward; Marc Lecuit; Luís A. Nero; Show all 10 Authors
Listeria monocytogenes; biodiversity; food pathogens; genetic variation; multilocus sequence typing; mutation; pathogenicity islands; population structure; stop codon; virulence; Brazil; Europe; North America
Abstract:
... Advances in whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) technologies have documented genetic diversity and epidemiology of the major foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in Europe and North America, but data concerning South America are scarce. Here, we examined the population structure and genetic diversity of this major foodborne pathogen collected in Brazil. Based on core genome multilocus sequence ...
... The plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been found worldwide, but the diversity of organisms harbouring this gene is unknown. In this study, 12 colistin-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolates were obtained from diseased or dead chickens in China, and PCR analysis indicated that five were positive for mcr-1. One Citrobacter braakii strain (SCC4) with a multidrug-resistant phenotype was ...
DouglasR. Call, et al. ; Muhammedin Deliorman; F. Pinar Gordesli Duatepe; Emily K. Davenport; Boel A. Fransson; Haluk Beyenal; Nehal I. Abu-Lail; Show all 7 Authors
... In this work, contributions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the nanoscale mechanisms through which the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii responds to antimicrobial and hyperosmotic treatments were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Specifically, the adhesion strengths to a control surface of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) and the lengths of bacterial surface biopolymers of b ...
DouglasR. Call, et al. ; Jennifer W. Roulette; Casey J. Roulette; Robert J. Quinlan; Barry S. Hewlett; Mark A. Caudell; Marsha B. Quinlan; Show all 7 Authors
Diptera; adults; agropastoralism; cough; educational institutions; empirical research; humans; interviews; microorganisms; models; ontogeny; risk; saliva; school children; wind; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Humans and other living organisms harbor disease-causing pathogenic microorganisms. These microorganisms are often transmitted through physical contact with contaminated objects, such as food, water, or other people. While some theoretical and empirical research examines the ontogeny of contamination and contagion beliefs, cross-cultural research on this topic is limited. To help remedy this pauci ...
... We determined if antibiotics residues that are excreted from treated animals can contribute to persistence of resistant bacteria in agricultural environments. Administration of ceftiofur, a third‐generation cephalosporin, resulted in a ∼ 3 log increase in ceftiofur‐resistant Escherichia coli found in the faeces and pen soils by day 10 (P = 0.005). This resistant population quickly subsided in faec ...
... The etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), Flavobacterium psychrophilum , can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Outbreaks of BCWD can result in significant losses in salmonid aquaculture. Reduction of outbreaks in fry may be possible through implementation of a management strategy in which progeny of heavily infected broodstock are culled from the general populatio ...
Escherichia coli; agar; amoxicillin; antibiotic resistance; bacteria; cross-sectional studies; drugs; experimental design; goat meat; hygiene; livestock and meat industry; public health; risk; slaughter; slaughterhouses; tetracycline; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Given the potential public health risks associated with a burgeoning goat meat industry in Tanzania, we estimated the load of Escherichia coli and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains for goat meat by using a cross-sectional study design (June to July 2015). Five large (n = 60 samples) and five small (n = 64 samples) slaughterhouses were sampled over a period of four to six visits each. ...