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1. Arsenic species in mesopelagic organisms and their fate during aquafeed processing

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Jojo Tibon; Ana I. Gomez-Delgado; Marc H.G. Berntssen; Marta S. Silva; Martin Wiech; Jens J. Sloth; Veronika Sele;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2022 v.302 pp. 134906
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
aquaculture feeds; atomic absorption spectrometry; biomass; carcinogenicity; chemical species; fish; high performance liquid chromatography; ion exchange; oils; risk; risk assessment; sustainable development; water solubility
Abstract:
... A responsible harvest of mesopelagic species as aquafeed ingredients has the potential to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, which calls for sustainable use of marine resources. Prior to utilization, the levels of undesirable substances need to be examined, and earlier studies on mesopelagic species have reported on total arsenic (As) content. However, the total As content ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134906

2. Iodine determination in animal feed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry – results of a collaborative study

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Ana Jerše; Rie R. Rasmussen; Jens J. Sloth;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2021 v.38 no.2 pp. 261-267
ISSN:
1944-0057
Subject:
atomic absorption spectrometry; feeds; iodine; tetramethylammonium compounds
Abstract:
... A collaborative study was conducted in order to fully validate the performance characteristics and to evaluate the suitability of a method for determination of iodine in animal feed. The method consists of an alkaline extraction in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution followed by the determination of iodine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was validated ...
DOI:
10.1080/19440049.2020.1856942

3. Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Marc H.G. Berntssen; Grethe Rosenlund; Borja Garlito; Nini H. Sissener; Annette Bernhard; Monica Sanden;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.531 pp. 735825
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Salmo salar; adverse effects; alkaline phosphatase; cholinesterase; chronic exposure; dose response; farming systems; fatty acid composition; fish culture; fish feeds; fish health; glutathione; growth retardation; hematology; lipid metabolism; liver; oxidative stress; phosphatidylcholines; pirimiphos-methyl; regression analysis; salmon; screening; seawater; toxicity; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... The use of plant-based feeds has introduced undesirables, such as pesticides, that have previously not been associated with seawater farming of fish species such as Atlantic salmon. Earlier wide-scope chemical screening showed that the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl (PM-m) is one of the most prevalent pesticides present in commercially produced Atlantic salmon feed. Information on the safe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825

4. Speciation analysis of organoarsenic species in marine samples: method optimization using fractional factorial design and method validation

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Jojo Tibon; Marta Silva; Jens J. Sloth; Veronika Sele;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2021 v.413 no.15 pp. 3909-3923
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Mytilus edulis; Sepiidae; analytical chemistry; anion exchange; arsenic; cation exchange; energy; hepatopancreas; liver; lobsters; macroalgae; mass spectrometry; methanol; methylation; mussels; solvents; temperature; tuna; ultrasonic treatment; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Organoarsenic species in marine matrices have been studied for many years but knowledge gaps still exist. Most literature focuses on monitoring of arsenic (As) species using previously published methods based on anion- and cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). These studies are often limited to few As species and/or only ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-021-03341-4

5. Growth performance, bioavailability of toxic and essential elements and nutrients, and biofortification of iodine of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) fed blends with sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima)

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Kit Granby; Luísa M.P. Valente; Jorge Dias; Grethe Adoff; Vera Sousa; António Marques; Jens J. Sloth; Bodil Katrine Larsen;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2020 v.141 pp. 111387
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Oncorhynchus mykiss; Saccharina latissima; absorption; aquaculture; bioavailability; biofortification; digestibility; farmed fish; feed composition; growth performance; intestines; iodine; macroalgae; protein efficiency ratio; toxicity; toxicology; trout; yttrium
Abstract:
... Aquaculture production is demanding novel feed ingredients that reflect natural marine nutrient levels, that are also essential to humans. In this regard, biofortification through addition of iodine-rich sugar kelp in feed formulations was assessed in a 12 week rainbow trout trial. Yttrium inclusion in feed allowed determinations of apparent absorption coefficients of essential and potentially tox ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2020.111387

6. Replacing fish meal with insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Irene Biancarosa; Veronika Sele; Ikram Belghit; Robin Ørnsrud; Erik-Jan Lock;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2019 v.36 no.8 pp. 1191-1205
ISSN:
1944-0057
Subject:
Ascophyllum nodosum; European Union; Hermetia illucens; Salmo salar; arsenic; bioavailability; diet; dioxins; fish; fish feeds; fish fillets; fish meal; food safety; heavy metals; ingredients; insects; larvae; lipids; macroalgae; mycotoxins; oils; pesticides
Abstract:
... Insects are promising sources of protein and lipid in feeds for farmed animals. In the European Union, the use of insect meal (IM) and insect oil is permitted in fish feed. However, the European Food Safety Authority has highlighted the lack of data regarding the chemical safety of insects and products thereof. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was ...
DOI:
10.1080/19440049.2019.1619938

7. Apparent availability of zinc, selenium and manganese as inorganic metal salts or organic forms in plant-based diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Marta S. Silva; Saskia Kröckel; P. Antony Jesu Prabhu; Wolfgang Koppe; Robin Ørnsrud; Rune Waagbø; Pedro Araujo;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.503 pp. 562-570
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Salmo salar; atomic absorption spectrometry; feces; fish; fish feeding; ingredients; manganese; mineral content; minerals; nutrient requirements; phytic acid; plant-based diet; selenites; selenium; selenomethionine; sulfates; yttrium; zinc
Abstract:
... The composition of salmonid diets has changed from the use of mainly marine ingredients to increased use of plant ingredients, and this has an impact on the mineral content and availability. Minerals, like zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn), are supplemented to diets as inorganic or organic forms to cover the nutritional requirements of fish. This study compared the apparent availability ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.005

8. The effect of dietary chitin on growth and nutrient digestibility in farmed Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and Atlantic halibut

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Ørjan Karlsen; Arne Berg; Rolf Erik Olsen;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture research 2017 v.48 no.1 pp. 123-133
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Gadus morhua; Hippoglossus hippoglossus; Salmo salar; chitin; correlation; diet; digestibility; feed conversion; lipids; liver; salmon; shrimp; specific growth rate
Abstract:
... The effect of adding 0%, 1%, 2% and 5% chitin from prawn shells in the diets for Atlantic cod, Atlantic halibut and Atlantic salmon on growth was investigated. Nutrient digestibility and feed utilization was investigated in salmon and cod. Atlantic cod grew from 186 ± 29 to 383 ± 78 g (N = 960) over 13 weeks. Dietary chitin had no effect on length, weight, condition, liver size or specific growth ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12867

9. LC-MS/MS method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites in salmon and zebrafish fed with plant-based feed ingredients

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Borja Garlito; María Ibáñez; Tania Portolés; Roque Serrano; Anne-Katrine Lundebye; Monica Sanden; Marc H. G. Berntssen; Félix Hernández;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2019 v.411 no.27 pp. 7281-7291
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Danio rerio; Salmo salar; aquaculture feeds; bile; chlorpyrifos-methyl; fish culture; fish meal; fish oils; food production; ingredients; kidneys; liquid chromatography; liver; metabolites; muscles; pirimiphos-methyl; salmon; tandem mass spectrometry; water
Abstract:
... The composition of Atlantic salmon feed has changed considerably over the last two decades from being marine-based (fishmeal and fish oil) to mainly containing plant ingredients. Consequently, concern related to traditional persistent contaminants typically associated with fish-based feed has been replaced by other potential contaminants not previously associated with salmon farming. This is the c ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-019-02104-6

10. Effect of levels and sources of dietary manganese on growth and mineral composition of post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed low fish meal, plant-based ingredient diets

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; P. Antony Jesu Prabhu; Marta S. Silva; Saskia Kröeckel; May-Helen Holme; Robin Ørnsrud; Erik-Jan Lock; Rune Waagbø;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.512 pp. 734287
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Salmo salar; bile; bioavailability; copper; experimental diets; fish; fish meal; ingredients; liver; manganese; mineral content; regression analysis; satiety; tanks; vertebrae; zinc
Abstract:
... The impact of dietary manganese (Mn) levels and sources on the growth and mineral composition of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed practical diets was studied. Seven experimental diets were prepared with graded supplementation level of Mn; basal diet had a Mn concentration of 15 mg kg⁻¹, four diets with 5, 15, 35 and 65 mg kg⁻¹ supplementation of Mn as MnSO₄ and two diets with at 5 and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734287

11. Tracing simultaneous cadmium accumulation from different uptake routes in brown crab Cancer pagurus by the use of stable isotopes

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Martin Wiech; Karl Andreas Jensen; Tom Aldenberg; Arne Duinker; Amund Maage;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2018 v.201 pp. 198-206
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Cancer pagurus; cadmium; computer software; crabs; diet; foraging; hepatopancreas; models; prediction; seawater; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... High concentrations of cadmium in brown crab are an issue of food safety, and large variations between different areas have been found. To investigate the relative importance of dietary and aqueous uptake regarding the overall accumulation in brown crab, we used stable isotopes to trace the uptake from both routes simultaneously in the same animals. We demonstrated that the analytical challenges r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.015

12. Chemical characterization of 21 species of marine macroalgae common in Norwegian waters: benefits of and limitations to their potential use in food and feed

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Irene Biancarosa; Ikram Belghit; Christian G Bruckner; Nina S Liland; Rune Waagbø; Svenja Heesch; Erik‐Jan Lock;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2018 v.98 no.5 pp. 2035-2042
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
Chlorophyta; European Union; animal nutrition; arsenic; biofuels; chemical composition; drugs; food law; harvesting; heavy metals; human nutrition; macroalgae; nutrients; Norway
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: In the past few years, much effort has been invested into developing a new blue economy based on harvesting, cultivating and processing marine macroalgae in Norway. Macroalgae have high potential for a wide range of applications, e.g. as source of pharmaceuticals, production of biofuels or as food and feed. However, data on the chemical composition of macroalgae from Norwegian waters a ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.8798
PubMed:
29193189
PubMed Central:
PMC5888138

13. Uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae grown on seaweed‐enriched media

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Irene Biancarosa; Nina S Liland; Daan Biemans; Pedro Araujo; Christian G Bruckner; Rune Waagbø; Bente E Torstensen; Erik‐Jan Lock;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2018 v.98 no.6 pp. 2176-2183
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
European Union; Hermetia illucens; arsenic; cadmium; feeds; food safety; heavy metals; insect larvae; insects; lead; macroalgae; mercury
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is one of the most promising insect species for use in animal feed. However, studies investigating feed and food safety aspects of using black soldier fly as feed are scarce. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae feeding media enriched with seaweed, which contains naturally high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic. The aim of th ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.8702

14. Dietary selenomethionine influences the accumulation and depuration of dietary methylmercury in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Anne-Katrine Lundebye; David Boyle; Ståle Ellingsen;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2015 v.158 pp. 211-217
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Danio rerio; adults; brain; dietary supplements; experimental design; fish; food chain; liver; mercury; methylmercury compounds; muscles; pharmacokinetics; selenium; selenomethionine; tanks
Abstract:
... Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxicant of concern for aquatic food chains. In the present study, the assimilation and depuration of dietary MeHg and the influence of dietary selenium on MeHg toxicokinetics was characterised in zebrafish (Danio rerio).In a triplicate tank experimental design (n=3 tanks per treatment group), adult zebrafish were exposed to dietary MeHg (as methylmercury-cysteine) at 5 a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.010

15. Impact of dietary selenium on methylmercury toxicity in juvenile Atlantic cod: A transcriptional survey

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Pål A. Olsvik; Øystein Sæle; Ståle Ellingsen; Kaja H. Skjaerven;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.120 pp. 199-205
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Gadus morhua; animal growth; antioxidant activity; dietary exposure; fish; genes; juveniles; liver; mammals; mercury; methylmercury compounds; methyltransferases; protective effect; selenium; surveys; toxicity; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Selenium (Se) and its derivatives are known to have protective effects against mercury (Hg) toxicity in mammals. In this study we wanted to evaluate whether Se co-exposure affect the transcription of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity-relevant genes in early life stages of fish. Juvenile Atlantic cod were exposed to regular feed (control), Se-spiked feed (3mg Sekg−1), MeHg-spiked feed (10mg Hgkg−1) or ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.036

16. Dietary methylmercury and vegetable oil affects brain lipid composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Lise Andreasen; Bente E. Torstensen;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2012 v.50 no.3-4 pp. 518-525
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Salmo salar; arachidonic acid; brain; dietary exposure; dietary fat; experimental diets; fatty acid composition; fish; fish nutrition; fish oils; mercury; methylmercury compounds; muscles; risk; soybean oil; toxicology; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... The interaction between methylmercury (MeHg) and marine fatty acids is of great interest in risk benefit assessments, and is increasingly important also in fish nutrition when fish oil is replaced with vegetable oils. To assess the effects of replacing fish oil (high dietary n−3/n−6 ratio) by soybean oil (low dietary n−3/n−6 ratio) in combination with MeHg, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were fe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.041

17. Dietary lipids modulate methylmercury toxicity in Atlantic salmon

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Pål A. Olsvik; Bente E. Torstensen;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2011 v.49 no.12 pp. 3258-3271
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Salmo salar; alpha-tocopherol; ascorbic acid; brain; dietary fat; fatty acid composition; fish oils; gamma-tocopherol; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing); liver; methylmercury compounds; muscles; salmon; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; tissues; toxicity; toxicology; transcription (genetics); tubulin; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... This experiment aimed to study the molecular toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) in liver, brain and white muscle of Atlantic salmon fed a diet based on fish oil (FO, high dietary n−3/n−6 ratio) compared to an alternative diet mainly based on vegetable oil (VO, low dietary n−3/n−6 ratio). Juvenile salmon were fed decontaminated diets or the FO and VO diets enriched with 5mgHg/kg (added as MeHg) for t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.025

18. Arsenic-containing fatty acids and hydrocarbons in marine oils – determination using reversed-phase HPLC–ICP-MS and HPLC–qTOF-MS

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Veronika Sele; Jens J. Sloth; Bjarte Holmelid; Stig Valdersnes; Kasper Skov;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Talanta 2014 v.121 pp. 89-96
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
arsenic; atomic absorption spectrometry; calibration; fatty acids; fish; fish oils; germanium; hydrocarbons; indium; isotopes; liver; marine environment; mass spectrometry; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; seals
Abstract:
... Arsenolipids are the major arsenic species present in marine oils. Several structures of arsenolipids have been elucidated the last 5 years, demonstrating the chemical complexity of this trace element in the marine environment. Several commercial fish oils and marine oils, ranging in total arsenic concentrations from 1.6 to 12.5mgkg⁻¹ oil, were analyzed for arsenolipids using reversed-phase high p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.049

19. Detection of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in a range of commercial fish oils by GC-ICPMS analysis

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Veronika Sele; Marc H. G. Berntssen; Jannicke A. Berntsen; Kasper Skov; Jens J. Sloth;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2013 v.405 no.15 pp. 5179-5190
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Ammodytes; Clupea harengus; Engraulis ringens; Gadus morhua; Micromesistius poutassou; Pollachius virens; anchovies; arsenic; chemical structure; cod (fish); decontamination; eel; fish oils; gas chromatography; hydrocarbons; microwave treatment; persistent organic pollutants; sand; solid phase extraction; tandem mass spectrometry; wet digestion method; whiting
Abstract:
... The present study describes the use of a simple solid-phase extraction procedure for the extraction of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons from fish oil followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The procedure permitted the analysis of a small sample amount, and the method was applied on a range of different commercial fish oils, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-6925-y

20. Arsenolipids in marine oils and fats: A review of occurrence, chemistry and future research needs

Author:
Heidi Amlund,   et al.   ; Veronika Sele; Jens J. Sloth; Anne-Katrine Lundebye; Erik H. Larsen; Marc H.G. Berntssen;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Food chemistry 2012 v.133 no.3 pp. 618-630
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
analytical methods; arsenic; arsenicals; chemistry; food safety; lipids; oils
Abstract:
... Numerous studies have focused on arsenic in marine organisms, and relatively high natural levels of the element have been reported in marine samples. Despite their seemingly consistent presence in marine oils and fats, there is currently only limited knowledge available on arsenic compounds that exhibit lipid soluble characteristics, the arsenolipids, in contrast to the water-soluble arsenic speci ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.004