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1. Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreaks Associated with Egg-Producing Farms Not Regulated by Food and Drug Administration's Egg Safety Rule

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Charles Robert Stilz; Steffany Cavallo; Katie Garman;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Foodborne pathogens & disease 2022 v.19 no.8 pp. 529-534
ISSN:
1556-7125
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Salmonella Enteritidis; eggs; farms; food safety; risk; salmonellosis; Tennessee
Abstract:
... The Food and Drug Administration Egg Safety Rule requires producers with >3000 layer hens to register a Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan for production, storage, and transport of shell eggs. Since its implementation began in 2010, four outbreaks of egg-associated salmonellosis have occurred in Tennessee. We reviewed state health department records from each outbreak an ...
DOI:
10.1089/fpd.2022.0025

2. Deletion of the Viral Thymidine Kinase in a Meq-Deleted Recombinant Marek’s Disease Virus Reduces Lymphoid Atrophy but Is Less Protective

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Steven J. Conrad; Eniope B. Oluwayinka; Mohammad Heidari; Jody K. Mays;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Microorganisms 2021 v.10 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2; atrophy; etiological agents; immunosuppression; live vaccines; oncogenes; serotypes; thymidine kinase; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek’s disease (MD) is a ubiquitous disease of domesticated chickens and its etiologic agent is the Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), also known as Marek’s disease virus (MDV). MD is currently controlled by vaccination using live attenuated strains of MDV (e.g., CVI988/Rispens), non-pathogenic serotypes of MDV (GaHV-3), or non-pathogenic strains of the related Melagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 (MeHV- ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms10010007

3. Comparison of Marek's Disease Virus Challenge Strains and Bird Types for Vaccine Licensing

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Jody Mays; Cari Hearn; Angela Hartman;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2021 v.65 no.2 pp. 241-249
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Mardivirus; Marek disease; birds; cross immunity; disease incidence; evolution; models; pathogens; poultry; serotypes; specific pathogen-free animals; vaccination; vaccine development; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an important poultry pathogen that is controlled through widespread vaccination with avirulent and attenuated strains. However, continued evolution of field viruses to higher virulence has required ongoing improvement of available vaccine strains, and these vaccine strains offer an attractive platform for designing recombinant vector vaccines with cross-protection ag ...
DOI:
10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00122

4. Exposures Associated with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections Caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi Serotypes in Tennessee, 2013–2015: A Case-Case Analysis

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Nabanita Mukherjee; Vikki G. Nolan; Pratik Banerjee;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Pathogens 2020 v.9 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
FoodNet (CDC); Salmonella Newport; confidence interval; gastrointestinal diseases; human diseases; infection; odds ratio; pathogens; pets; risk factors; salmonellosis; serotypes; Mississippi; Tennessee
Abstract:
... Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection (salmonellosis) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases throughout the world. Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes have been observed to occur at higher rates on an annual basis in western Tennessee. The reason for the increased rate of NTS infection by these three serotypes in this region is not k ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens9020078

5. Codon Deoptimization of UL54 in meq-Deleted Marek's Disease Vaccine Candidate Eliminates Lymphoid Atrophy but Reduces Vaccinal Protection

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Steven J. Conrad; Cari J. Hearn; Robert F. Silva;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2020 v.64 no.3 pp. 243-246
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2; Marek disease; atrophy; economic impact; etiological agents; genes; mutants; poultry industry; vaccines; viral genome; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek's disease (MD) is an oncogenic, lymphoproliferative, and highly contagious disease of chickens. Its etiologic agent is the alphaherpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2), and it is a chronic and ubiquitous problem for the poultry industry with significant economic impact in the United States and worldwide. We have previously demonstrated that MDV attenuated by dicodo ...
DOI:
10.1637/aviandiseases-D-19-00166

6. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the synergistic response induced by bivalent Marek’s disease vaccines to prevent lymphomas

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Supawadee Umthong; Hans H. Cheng;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Vaccine 2019 v.37 no.43 pp. 6397-6404
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
Mardivirus; Marek disease; chickens; chicks; lymphoma; mononuclear leukocytes; spleen; synergism; vaccination; vaccines; virulence
Abstract:
... Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus. Since 1970, MD has been controlled by widespread vaccination; however, more effective MD vaccines are needed to counter more virulent MDV strains. The bivalent vaccine combination of SB-1 and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) strain FC126 has been widely used. Nonetheless, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.003
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.003

7. Review of Poultry Recombinant Vector Vaccines

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Ruud Hein; Rik Koopman; Maricarmen García; Natalie Armour; Taylor Barbosa; Algis Martinez;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2021 v.65 no.3 pp. 438-452
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Avian orthoavulavirus 1; Fowlpox virus; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1; Infectious bursal disease virus; Influenza A virus; Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Newcastle disease; avian influenza; infectious bursal disease; vaccine development; vector vaccines; viral vaccines
Abstract:
... The control of poultry diseases has relied heavily on the use of many live and inactivated vaccines. However, over the last 30 yr, recombinant DNA technology has been used to generate many novel poultry vaccines. Fowlpox virus and turkey herpesvirus are the two main vectors currently used to construct recombinant vaccines for poultry. With the use of these two vectors, more than 15 recombinant vir ...
Handle:
10113/7529156
DOI:
10.1637/0005-2086-65.3.438

8. Two Cases of Marek's Disease in Backyard Turkeys

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Rüdiger Hauck; Jody Mays; H. L. Shivaprasad;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2020 v.64 no.3 pp. 347-351
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2; Marek disease; Reticuloendotheliosis virus; flocks; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; liver; lymphatic diseases; necropsy; spleen; toms; turkey hens; viruses; zoos
Abstract:
... In two independent submissions, a 3-yr-old, dead Bourbon Red turkey tom from a zoo and a Royal Palm turkey hen from a backyard flock were submitted for necropsy. Both birds had been kept together with chickens. Findings of the necropsy of the first turkey were an enlarged and dark liver with many pale white foci and a few small white nodules, pale and enlarged spleen, prominent thymus, mottled and ...
DOI:
10.1637/aviandiseases-D-19-00177

9. Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Source Attribution Patterns for Campylobacter spp. in Tennessee and Pennsylvania

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Lauren K. Hudson; William E. Andershock; Runan Yan; Mugdha Golwalkar; Nkuchia M. M’ikanatha; Irving Nachamkin; Linda S. Thomas; Christina Moore; Xiaorong Qian; Richard Steece; Katie N. Garman; Jasna Kovac; Thomas G. Denes;     Show all 14 Authors
Source:
Microorganisms 2021 v.9 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
Campylobacter fetus; campylobacteriosis; cattle; foodborne illness; monitoring; phylogeny; population structure; poultry; source attribution; swine; Pennsylvania; Tennessee
Abstract:
... Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial foodborne illness in the United States and is frequently associated with foods of animal origin. The goals of this study were to compare clinical and non-clinical Campylobacter populations from Tennessee (TN) and Pennsylvania (PA), use phylogenetic relatedness to assess source attribution patterns, and identify potential outbreak clusters. Campylobac ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms9112300

10. Development of reliable techniques for the differential diagnosis of avian tumour viruses by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Husnain Ahmed; Jody Mays; Matti Kiupel;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Avian pathology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 364-374
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Avian leukosis virus; Mardivirus; Marek disease; Reticuloendotheliosis virus; birds; diagnostic techniques; genome; immunohistochemistry; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; protocols; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; spleen; tissues; viral antigens; viruses
Abstract:
... A variety of techniques have been developed as diagnostic tools for the differential diagnosis of tumours produced by Marek’s disease virus from those induced by avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus. However, most current techniques are unreliable when used in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which often is the only sample type available for definitive diagnosis. A ...
Handle:
10113/5963607
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2018.1451620

11. Association of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella—Statistical and Computational Insights into a Selected Set of Clinical Isolates

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Daleniece Higgins; Nabanita Mukherjee; Chandan Pal; Irshad M. Sulaiman; Yu Jiang; Samir Hanna; Wilfried Karmaus; Pratik Banerjee;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Microorganisms 2020 v.8 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; algorithms; antibiotic resistance; artificial intelligence; food pathogens; humans; light; microorganisms; multigene family; phenotype; prevalence; public health; risk assessment; salmonellosis; virulence; Tennessee
Abstract:
... The acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR) by foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica, has emerged as a serious public health concern. The relationship between the two key survival mechanisms (i.e., antibiotic resistance and virulence) of bacterial pathogens is complex. However, it is unclear if the presence of certain virulence determinants (i.e., virulence genes) and AR have any asso ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms8101465

12. The Influence of Major Histocompatibility Complex and Vaccination with Turkey

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Henry D. Hunt;     Show all 2 Author
Source:
Avian diseases 2015 v.59 no.1 pp. 122-129
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
chickens; genetic resistance; Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1; evolution; hosts; industry; models; genetic lines; turkeys; animal viruses; major histocompatibility complex; vaccines; viruses; disease resistance; vaccination; Marek disease; virulence; animal genetics; disease incidence
Abstract:
... Over the last five decades, the pathogenicity of the Marek’s disease virus (MDV) has evolved from the relatively mild strains (mMDV) observed in the 1960s to the more severe very-virulent-plus strains currently observed in today’s outbreaks. The use of vaccines to control Marek’s disease (MD), but not the infection cycle, is thought to be the major influence on the evolution of MDV. Selection for ...
Handle:
10113/60594
DOI:
10.1637/10677-092413-Reg

13. Attenuation of Marek's disease virus by codon pair deoptimization of a core gene

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Steven J. Conrad; Robert F. Silva; Cari J. Hearn; Megan Climans;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Virology 2018 v.516 pp. 219-226
ISSN:
0042-6822
Subject:
Gallus gallus; Mardivirus; animal viruses; atrophy; chickens; genes; live vaccines; lymphocytes; mutants; neoplasms; proteins; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of Gallus gallus, the domesticated chicken. Control strategies rely upon vaccination with live attenuated viruses of antigenically similar avian herpesviruses or attenuated strains of MDV. Recent studies in other viruses have shown that recoding certain viral genes to employ synonymous but rarely-used codon pairs resulted in viral attenu ...
Handle:
10113/6472316
DOI:
10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.020

14. Addition of a UL5 helicase-primase subunit point mutation eliminates bursal–thymic atrophy of Marek's disease virus ∆Meq recombinant virus but reduces vaccinal protection

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Evin Hildebrandt; Hans H. Cheng;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 254-258
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
DNA helicases; Mardivirus; Marek disease; T-lymphocytes; antibodies; atrophy; chickens; lymphoma; nerve tissue; oncogenes; paralysis; point mutation; thymus gland; vaccination; vaccines; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus and the causative agent of Marek's disease (MD), characterized by immunosuppression, paralysis, nerve enlargement and induction of T-cell lymphomas in chickens. Despite widespread usage of vaccines since the 1970s to control MD, more virulent field strains of MDV have emerged that overcome vaccinal protection, necessitating the developme ...
Handle:
10113/61282
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1041366
CHORUS:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1041366
Chorus Open Access:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1041366

15. Characterizing in vivo stability and potential interactions of a UL5 helicase-primase mutation previously shown to reduce virulence and in vivo replication of Marek's disease virus

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Evin Hildebrandt; Hans H. Cheng;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Virus research 2015 v.203 pp. 1-3
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
DNA helicases; Mardivirus; Marek disease; chickens; flocks; point mutation; vaccine development; vaccines; virulence; virus replication; viruses
Abstract:
... The unpredictable yet recurrent emergence of more virulent field strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in Marek's disease (MD) vaccinated flocks of chickens has prompted concerns regarding the sustainability of MD vaccines. A single non-synonymous point mutation (I682R) within the UL5 helicase-primase unit was shown to reduce virulence by over 90%. Considering in vitro attenuation is commonly use ...
Handle:
10113/61006
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.011
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.011

16. Evaluation and Identification of Marek’s Disease Virus BAC Clones as Standardized Reagents for Research

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Sanjay M. Reddy; Masahiro Niikura; Venugopal Nair; Janet E. Fulton; Hans H. Cheng;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2017 v.61 no.1 pp. 107-114
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Mardivirus; Marek disease; bacterial artificial chromosomes; chickens; clones; genes; pathotypes; reference standards; researchers; serotypes; shipping; virulence
Abstract:
... Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek’s disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Understanding of MDV gene function advanced significantly following the cloning of the MDV genome as either a series of overlapping cosmids or as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), both of which could produce viable MDV. The objectives of this study were to compare ...
Handle:
10113/5678146
DOI:
10.1637/0005-2086-61.1.107

17. Population survey of attitudes and beliefs regarding organic, genetically modified, and irradiated foods

Author:
John R Dunn,   et al.   ; Jane A Gwira Baumblatt; L Rand Carpenter; Caleb Wiedeman; William Schaffner; Timothy F Jones;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Nutrition and health v.23 no.1 pp. 7-11
ISSN:
2047-945X
Subject:
confidence interval; consumer attitudes; food intake; food irradiation; genetically modified foods; health education; organic foods; pesticides; surveys; telephones; Tennessee
Abstract:
... Sales of organic foods are increasing due to public demand, while genetically modified (GM) and irradiated foods are often viewed with suspicion. The aim of this research was to examine consumer attitudes toward organic, GM and irradiated foods to direct educational efforts regarding their consumption A telephone survey of 1838 residents in Tennessee, USA was conducted regarding organic, GM, and i ...
DOI:
10.1177/0260106017690739

18. Genomic variation between genetic lines of white leghorns differed in resistance to Marek’s disease

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Qingmei Xie; Shuang Chang; Kunzhe Dong; Jiuzhou Song; Huanmin Zhang;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of Clinical Epigenetics 2017 v.3 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2472-1158
Subject:
DNA methylation; Mardivirus; Marek disease; White Leghorn; carcinogenesis; chickens; disease control; disease resistance; epigenetics; exposure duration; gene expression regulation; genetic resistance; genetic variation; haplotypes; immune response; inbred lines; major histocompatibility complex; marker-assisted selection; promoter regions; specific pathogen-free animals; vaccination; vaccines; virulence
Abstract:
... Genetic resistance to avian tumor virus-induced tumorigenesis and vaccine protective efficacy preventing such tumorigenicity are determined by multiple factors including host genetics, viral virulence, dose of challenge viruses, type of vaccine, vaccine dosage, and interval between vaccination and viral exposure time. Studies on human immune response to vaccination suggest host genetic variability ...
Handle:
10113/5832839
DOI:
10.21767/2472-1158.100063

19. Investigation and characterization of Brucella canis infections in pet-quality dogs and associated human exposures during a 2007–2016 outbreak in Michigan

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; Cheri A. Johnson; Todd D. Carter; Susan R. Baer; Michele M. Schalow; Yvonne M. Bellay; Marta A. Guerra; Nancy A. Frank;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2018 v.253 no.3 pp. 322-336
ISSN:
0003-1488
Subject:
Brucella melitensis biovar Canis; brucellosis; descriptive studies; disease outbreaks; dog diseases; dogs; human health; human resources; humans; laboratory experimentation; pathogens; pets; public health; purebreds; reproductive system; risk; rural development; seroprevalence; veterinarians; veterinary clinics; Michigan
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE To estimate Brucella canis seropositivity rates for purebred dogs being bred by noncommercial breeders, describe epidemiological findings in infected commercial dog-production facilities, and characterize B canis infection in pet dogs and the risk to human health. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study. SAMPLE 2,799 canine specimens submitted to the Michigan State University Veterinary D ...
DOI:
10.2460/javma.253.3.322
PubMed:
30020006
PubMed Central:
PMC6642745

20. Expression of Marek's Disease Virus Oncoprotein Meq During Infection in the Natural Host

Author:
John R. Dunn,   et al.   ; S.-H. Sheldon Tai; Cari Hearn; Sudawapee Umthong; Olga Agafitei; Hans H. Cheng; Masahiro Niikura;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Virology 2017 v.503 pp. 103-113
ISSN:
0042-6822
Abstract:
... Gallid herpesvirus 2 (Marek's disease virus, MDV) causes lymphoproliferative Marek's disease (MD), and is unique among alphaherpesviruses as the viral genome encodes an oncoprotein, Meq. To elucidate the temporal relationship between Meq expression and the development of MD lymphomas in infected chickens, we generated a virulent recombinant MDV that expresses GFP simultaneously with Meq. By using ...
Handle:
10113/5700728
DOI:
10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.011