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1. Arsenic species in mesopelagic organisms and their fate during aquafeed processing

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jojo Tibon; Heidi Amlund; Ana I. Gomez-Delgado; Marta S. Silva; Martin Wiech; Jens J. Sloth; Veronika Sele;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2022 v.302 pp. 134906
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
aquaculture feeds; atomic absorption spectrometry; biomass; carcinogenicity; chemical species; fish; high performance liquid chromatography; ion exchange; oils; risk; risk assessment; sustainable development; water solubility
Abstract:
... A responsible harvest of mesopelagic species as aquafeed ingredients has the potential to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, which calls for sustainable use of marine resources. Prior to utilization, the levels of undesirable substances need to be examined, and earlier studies on mesopelagic species have reported on total arsenic (As) content. However, the total As content ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134906

2. Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Grethe Rosenlund; Borja Garlito; Heidi Amlund; Nini H. Sissener; Annette Bernhard; Monica Sanden;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.531 pp. 735825
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Salmo salar; adverse effects; alkaline phosphatase; cholinesterase; chronic exposure; dose response; farming systems; fatty acid composition; fish culture; fish feeds; fish health; glutathione; growth retardation; hematology; lipid metabolism; liver; oxidative stress; phosphatidylcholines; pirimiphos-methyl; regression analysis; salmon; screening; seawater; toxicity; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... The use of plant-based feeds has introduced undesirables, such as pesticides, that have previously not been associated with seawater farming of fish species such as Atlantic salmon. Earlier wide-scope chemical screening showed that the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl (PM-m) is one of the most prevalent pesticides present in commercially produced Atlantic salmon feed. Information on the safe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825

3. Do background levels of the pesticide pirimiphosmethyl in plant-based aquafeeds affect food safety of farmed Atlantic salmon?

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Rudolf Hoogenveen; Grethe Rosenlund; Borja Garlito; Marco J. Zeilmaker;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2020 v.37 no.12 pp. 2109-2122
ISSN:
1944-0057
Subject:
Salmo salar; aquaculture feeds; bile; cold-water fish; farmed fish; feed intake; fish meal; fish oils; food safety; kidneys; liver; metabolites; models; muscle tissues; muscles; pharmacokinetics; pirimiphos-methyl; salmon; seafoods; swine
Abstract:
... The substitution of fish oil and fishmeal with plant-based ingredients in commercial aquafeeds for Atlantic salmon, may introduce novel contaminants that have not previously been associated with farmed fish. The organophosphate pesticide pirimiphos-methyl (PM) is one of the novel contaminants that is most prevalent in commercial salmon feed. In this study, the feed-to-fillet transfer of dietary PM ...
DOI:
10.1080/19440049.2020.1829717

4. No transfer of the non-regulated mycotoxins, beauvericin and enniatins, from feeds to farmed fish reared on plant-based diets

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jaime Nácher-Mestre; Eduardo Beltrán; Fiona Strachan; James R. Dick; Jaume Pérez-Sánchez; Douglas R. Tocher;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Food chemistry 2020 v.323 pp. 126773
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
animal and human health; aquaculture feeds; farmed fish; fish culture; food safety; humans; mycotoxins; plant-based diet; risk
Abstract:
... Concern about the risk of exposure to emerging plant-derived mycotoxins such as beauvericin and enniatins has been addressed by the European Commission who requested the European Food Safety Authority for a scientific opinion on their risk to human and animal health. The studied mycotoxins were found in feeds with enniatin B and beauvericin at average concentrations of 19.9 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, res ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126773

5. Identification of ethoxyquin and its transformation products in salmon after controlled dietary exposure via fish feed

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Sylvain Merel; Jorge Regueiro; Rita Hannisdal; Robin Ørnsrud; Noelia Negreira;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Food chemistry 2019 v.289 pp. 259-268
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
Salmo salar; acetonitrile; dietary exposure; dimerization; ethoxyquin; fish feeds; fish fillets; food safety; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; salmon; tanks
Abstract:
... Ethoxyquin (EQ) is an additive present in fish feed and its fate in fish should be carefully characterized due to food safety concerns regarding this compound. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the transformation products (TPs) of EQ in Atlantic salmon. Salmon in independent tanks were given feed containing ethoxyquin concentrations of 0.5 mg/kg, 119 mg/kg or 1173 mg/kg for 90  ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.054

6. Targeted approach for qualitative screening of pesticides in salmon feed by liquid chromatography coupled to traveling-wave ion mobility/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jorge Regueiro; Noelia Negreira; Rita Hannisdal;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Food control 2017 v.78 pp. 116-125
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
Salmo salar; feeds; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; pesticide residues; European Union; ingredients; salmon; ethoxyquin; mass spectrometry; screening; information processing; pirimiphos-methyl; quality control
Abstract:
... The current work reports the development and validation of a qualitative screening method for 156 pesticides in Atlantic salmon feeds based on the use of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS)/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). This novel hyphenation allows a straightforward estimation of the collision cros ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.053

7. Modelling scenarios on feed-to-fillet transfer of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in future feeds to farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Monica Sanden; Helge Hove; Øyvind Lie;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2016 v.163 pp. 413-421
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Salmo salar; diet; dioxins; farmed fish; feed composition; feeds; fillets; fish meal; fish oils; ingredients; models; monitoring; pharmacokinetics; polychlorinated biphenyls; prediction; salmon; vegetables
Abstract:
... The salmon feed composition has changed the last decade with a replacement of traditionally use of fish oil and fishmeal diets with vegetable ingredients and the use decontaminated fish oils, causing reduced concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon. The development of novel salmon feeds has prompted the need for prediction on dioxins and dl-PCB concentrati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.067

8. Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol or ochratoxin A on performance and selected health indices in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Aksel Bernhoft; Helga R. Høgåsen; Grethe Rosenlund; Torfinn Moldal; Søren Grove; Stein I. Thoresen; Jan Alexander;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2018 v.121 pp. 374-386
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Aeromonas; Salmo salar; condition factor; deoxynivalenol; feed conversion; feed intake; gene expression; histopathology; liver; messenger RNA; no observed adverse effect level; ochratoxin A; protein content; spleen; toxicology; vaccination
Abstract:
... Post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed with standard feed added one of five concentrations of either pure deoxynivalenol (DON; 0.5–6 mg/kg) or pure ochratoxin A (OTA; 0.2–2.4 mg/kg), or no added toxins for up to 8 weeks. Performance effects (feed intake, feed efficiency, gain, length and condition factor), various clinical biochemical parameters, packed cell volume and vaccination respo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.079

9. Comprehensive characterization of ethoxyquin transformation products in fish feed by traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Noelia Negreira; Jorge Regueiro; Stig Valdersnes; Robin Ørnsrud;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytica chimica acta 2017 pp. -
ISSN:
0003-2670
Subject:
Salmo salar; analytical chemistry; animal tissues; antioxidants; databases; ethoxyquin; feed additives; fish feeds; intensive farming; mass spectrometry; oxidation; risk
Abstract:
... Feed additives are typically used in intensive farming production over long periods, and hence, they can accumulate in farmed animal tissues. Concerns regarding the use of ethoxyquin as an antioxidant feed additive, have recently arisen due to its potential conversion into a series of transformation products (TPs).The aim of this work was to characterize the TPs of ethoxyquin in fish feed by a nov ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.021

10. Multi-laboratory evaluation of a PCR method for detection of ruminant DNA in commercial processed animal proteins

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Pål A. Olsvik; Olivier Fumière; Rob J.C.F. Margry; Gilbert Berben; Natalia Larsen; Martin Alm;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Food control 2017 v.73 pp. 140-146
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
DNA; European Union; animal proteins; fish feeds; grinding; homogenization; ingredients; normal distribution; polymerase chain reaction; poultry; prion diseases; ruminants; swine; Europe
Abstract:
... In 2013, the European Union (EU) allowed the inclusion of non-ruminant processed animal proteins (PAP) in fish feeds. Plans also exist to allow non-ruminant PAP in poultry and pig feeds but to keep intraspecies recycling forbidden (e.g. poultry to poultry or pig to pig). However, due to the fear of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), PAP from ruminant species remains illegal to use in f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.041

11. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene inhibit intestinal lipase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Stefan de Gelder; Øystein Sæle; Bas T.H. de Veen; Joëlle Vos; Gert Flik; Peter H.M. Klaren;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.198 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
1532-0456
Subject:
micelles; phenanthrenes; vegetable oil; free fatty acids; Oncorhynchus mykiss; rapeseed oil; high performance liquid chromatography; carboxylic ester hydrolases; benzo(a)pyrene; bile; intestines; fish oils; aquaculture feeds; enzyme kinetics; hydrolysis; droplets; lipid metabolism; rapeseed
Abstract:
... Elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are detected in aquafeeds where fish oils are (partially) replaced by vegetable oils. The highly lipophilic PAHs solubilize readily in oil droplets and micelles in the intestinal lumen that can affect enzymatic lipid digestion by altering lipase activity. We therefore investigated the effect of two PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.008

12. Subchronic dietary exposure to ethoxyquin dimer induces microvesicular steatosis in male BALB/c mice

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Annette Bernhard; Josef D. Rasinger; Helene Wisløff; Øyvor Kolbjørnsen; Lene Secher Myrmel; Anne-Katrine Lundebye; Robin Ørnsrud; Lise Madsen;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2018 v.118 pp. 608-625
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acceptable daily intake; adipose tissue; antioxidants; beta oxidation; body weight; dietary exposure; dose response; ethoxyquin; fatty acids; feeds; foods; glutathione; histopathology; liver; males; metabolites; metabolomics; mice; models; oxidative stress; protein composition; receptors; screening; stress response; toxicity; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... The use of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; EQ) in animal feed results in the presence of EQ residues and metabolites, including the EQ dimer (1,8′-bi(6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline); EQDM) in animal food products. To investigate the toxicity and dose-response of dietary exposure to EQDM, male BALB/c mice were exposed to one of six ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.005

13. Comprehensive overview of feed‐to‐fillet transfer of new and traditional contaminants in Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream fed plant‐based diets

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jaime Nácher‐Mestre; Gabriel F. Ballester‐Lozano; Borja Garlito; Tania Portolés; Josep Calduch‐Giner; Roque Serrano; Félix Hernández; Jaume Pérez‐Sánchez;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2018 v.24 no.6 pp. 1782-1795
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Salmo salar; Sparus aurata; azoxystrobin; boscalid; chlorpyrifos-methyl; deoxynivalenol; feed contamination; fish culture; fish feeds; fish fillets; food chain; food safety; fumonisins; humans; ingredients; laws and regulations; marine fish; pirimiphos-methyl; plant-based diet; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; risk; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... European fish farming drives the development of sustainable marine fish feed where marine ingredients are replaced by alternatives such as plant meals and vegetable oils. A new scenario emerges where noncurrent and/or new contaminants enter into the fish food chain as potential food safety and/or welfare concerns. Novel analytical methodologies must be developed to assess the large variety of cont ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12817

14. Uptake of benzo[a]pyrene, but not of phenanthrene, is inhibited by fatty acids in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Stefan de Gelder; Liselot van Och; Jan Zethof; Thamar N.M. Pelgrim; Josef D. Rasinger; Gert Flik; Peter H.M. Klaren;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.195 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
1532-0456
Subject:
feeds; fatty acid composition; vegetable oil; free fatty acids; fish; oleic acid; solubilization; Salmo salar; micelles; cecum; nutrient uptake; ingredients; microvilli; brush border membrane vesicles; fish oils; enterocytes; rearing; eicosapentaenoic acid; phenanthrenes; Oncorhynchus mykiss; benzo(a)pyrene; vegetables
Abstract:
... Partial replacement of fish ingredients with vegetable ingredients has elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atlantic salmon reared on these feeds. PAH uptake in the intestinal tract is postulated to occur in association with lipid absorption and could well be affected by fatty acid composition. We therefore investigated the effects of a fish oil and vegetable oil fatty aci ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.02.003

15. Omega-3 and alpha-tocopherol provide more protection against contaminants in novel feeds for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) than omega-6 and gamma tocopherol

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Liv Søfteland; Jennifer A. Kirwan; Trond R. Størseth; Mark R. Viant; Bente E. Torstensen; Rune Waagbø; Pål A. Olsvik;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Toxicology reports 2016 v.3 pp. 211-224
ISSN:
2214-7500
Subject:
Salmo salar; alpha-tocopherol; cell membranes; cytotoxicity; fatty acids; fish health; hepatocytes; lipidomics; mass spectrometry; metabolism; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; toxicology; transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Extended use of plant ingredients in Atlantic salmon farming has increased the need for knowledge on the effects of new nutrients and contaminants in plant based feeds on fish health and nutrient-contaminant interactions. Primary Atlantic salmon hepatocytes were exposed to a mixture of PAHs and pesticides alone or in combination with the nutrients ARA, EPA, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol according ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.008

16. Factors influencing risk assessments of brominated flame-retardants; evidence based on seafood from the North East Atlantic Ocean

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Ole Jakob Nøstbakken; Arne Duinker; Josef D. Rasinger; Bente M. Nilsen; Monica Sanden; Sylvia Frantzen; Helge T. Hove; Anne-Katrine Lundebye; Rita Hannisdal; Lise Madsen; Amund Maage;     Show all 12 Authors
Source:
Environment international 2018 v.119 pp. 544-557
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
Gadus morhua; Hippoglossus hippoglossus; air; bromination; data collection; diet study techniques; dust; farmed fish; fish feeds; fish fillets; hexabromocyclododecane; human health; humans; ingredients; monitoring; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; provenance; risk; risk assessment; seafood consumption; seafoods; toddlers; Atlantic Ocean
Abstract:
... Brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are considered hazardous to human health. Due to their persistence, they are still present in the environment and in biota and seafood is major contributor of BFRs to human exposure. Here, we used data from >9700 samples of wild and farmed fish, fish feed and fish feed ingredients col ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.044

17. The effect of dietary lipid composition on the intestinal uptake and tissue distribution of benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Stefan de Gelder; Marit J. Bakke; Joëlle Vos; Josef D. Rasinger; Kristian Ingebrigtsen; Merete Grung; Anders Ruus; Gert Flik; Peter H.M. Klaren;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2016 v.185-186 pp. 65-76
ISSN:
1532-0456
Subject:
fatty acids; dietary fat; radiolabeling; vegetable oil; lipid composition; intestinal mucosa; metabolites; farmed fish; Salmo salar; micelles; cecum; tissue distribution; ingredients; salmon; metabolism; fish oils; solubility; liver; phenanthrenes; benzo(a)pyrene; aquaculture feeds; vegetables
Abstract:
... Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) across the intestine is suggested to occur in association with dietary lipids. Partial replacement of fish ingredients by vegetable ingredients in aquafeeds has led to increased levels of PAHs in marine farmed fish. We therefore investigated, intestinal uptake, tissue distribution and PAH metabolism after a single dose of ¹⁴C-benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.003

18. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons do not disturb liquid–liquid phase coexistence, but increase the fluidity of model membranes

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Nina S. Liland; Adam C. Simonsen; Lars Duelund; Bente E. Torstensen; Ole G. Mouritsen;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Chemistry and physics of lipids 2014 v.184 pp. 18-24
ISSN:
0009-3084
Subject:
temperature; enthalpy; naphthalene; diet; aquaculture; humans; molecular weight; phenanthrenes; cytotoxicity; vegetable oil; models; seed oils; benzo(a)pyrene; combustion; solubility; fish; heat treatment; lipid bilayers; fluorescence microscopy
Abstract:
... Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a group of compounds, many of which are toxic, formed by incomplete combustion or thermal processing of organic material. They are highly lipophilic and thus present in some seed oils used for human consumption as well as being increasingly common in aquaculture diets due to inclusion of vegetable oils. Cytotoxic effects of PAHs have been thought to be partly du ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.08.004

19. Investigation of pharmaceuticals in processed animal by-products by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jaime Nácher-Mestre; María Ibáñez; Roque Serrano; Clara Boix; Lubertus Bijlsma; Bjørn Tore Lunestad; Rita Hannisdal; Martin Alm; Félix Hernández;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2016 v.154 pp. 231-239
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
European Union; animal byproducts; animal products; drugs; dyes; fish culture; food safety; industry; ingredients; mass spectrometry; metabolites; quality control; rendering; risk; salmon; screening; ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... There is an on-going trend for developing more sustainable salmon feed in which traditionally applied marine feed ingredients are replaced with alternatives. Processed animal products (PAPs) have been re-authorized as novel high quality protein ingredients in 2013. These PAPs may harbor undesirable substances such as pharmaceuticals and metabolites which are not previously associated with salmon f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.091

20. Occurrence and potential transfer of mycotoxins in gilthead sea bream and Atlantic salmon by use of novel alternative feed ingredients

Author:
Marc H.G. Berntssen,   et al.   ; Jaime Nácher-Mestre; Roque Serrano; Eduardo Beltrán; Jaume Pérez-Sánchez; Joana Silva; Vasileios Karalazos; Félix Hernández;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.128 pp. 314-320
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
European Union; Salmo salar; Sparus aurata; animal proteins; aquaculture; corn gluten; deoxynivalenol; diet; farmed fish; farming systems; fillets; fish feeds; fumonisin B1; fungi; guidelines; ingredients; marine fish; maximum residue limits; monitoring; ochratoxin A; salmon; wheat; wheat gluten
Abstract:
... Plant ingredients and processed animal proteins (PAP) are suitable alternative feedstuffs for fish feeds in aquaculture practice, although their use can introduce contaminants that are not previously associated with marine salmon and gilthead sea bream farming. Mycotoxins are well known natural contaminants in plant feed material, although they also could be present on PAPs after fungi growth duri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.021