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1. Epizoic Cyanobacteria and Algae on the Pelage of Pinnipeds: A Literature Review and New Data for the Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina

Author:
Floyd E. Hayes; Sarah Codde; Sarah G. Allen
Source:
Pacific science 2022 v.76 no.1 pp. 69-78
ISSN:
1534-6188
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Cyanobacteria; Ulva; adults; algae; coasts; fur; molting; photosynthesis; California;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The integument of marine mammals provides an ideal substrate for colonization by photosynthetic epizoans. A review of the literature and new data from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) revealed at least eight genera of photosynthetic cyanobacteria and algae colonizing the pelage of six species of pinnipeds. The relationship may be considered a facultative association, beneficial to the ph ...
DOI:
10.2984/76.1.6

2. Selective Inner Hair Cell Loss in a Neonate Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Author:
Maria Morell; Laura Rojas; Martin Haulena; Björn Busse; Ursula Siebert; Robert E. Shadwick; Stephen A. Raverty
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; case studies; inner ear; marine mammals; neonates; noise pollution; pathophysiology;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Congenital hearing loss is recognized in humans and other terrestrial species. However, there is a lack of information on its prevalence or pathophysiology in pinnipeds. It is important to have baseline knowledge on marine mammal malformations in the inner ear, to differentiate between congenital and acquired abnormalities, which may be caused by infectious pathogens, age, or anthropogenic interac ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12020180

3. Spatiotemporal Trends of Legacy and Alternative Flame Retardants in Harbor Seals from the Coasts of California, the Gulf of Maine, and Sweden

Author:
Jiachen Sun; Susan Shaw; Michelle Berger; Barbie Halaska; Anna Roos; Britt-Marie Bäcklin; Xiaoshi Zheng; Kunyan Liu; Yan Wang; Da Chen
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2022 v.56 no.9 pp. 5714-5723
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; biphenyl; bromination; environmental science; technology; California; Gulf of Maine; Maine; Sweden;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively studied in various environmental compartments globally. However, despite the increasing use of alternative flame retardants following PBDE bans, the spatiotemporal trends of these replacements have rarely been studied, and the available results are often inconsistent. In the present study, we retrospectively investigat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.2c00626

4. Habitat associations between Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex and Streptococcus phocae, the causative agents of strep syndrome in sea otters, and the marine environment

Author:
Natalie M. Rouse; Katrina L. Counihan; Deborah D. Boege Tobin; Caroline E. C. Goertz; Khrystyne N. Duddleston
Source:
Marine ecology 2022 v.43 no.1 pp. e12689
ISSN:
0173-9565
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Enhydra lutris; Streptococcus bovis; Streptococcus phocae; Zostera marina; habitats; macroalgae; marine environment; marine science; morbidity; mortality; sand; Alaska;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The bacteria in the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC) and Streptococcus phocae have caused significant morbidity and mortality in northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni). In order to illuminate the persistence and possible mechanisms of transmission of SBEC and S. phocae, the presence and absence of these bacteria were compared with 31 habitat attributes in Kachemak Bay and Resurrect ...
DOI:
10.1111/maec.12689

5. Hepatic Fatty Acid Profiles Associated with Exposure to Emerging and Legacy Halogenated Contaminants in Two Harbor Seal Populations across the North Atlantic

Author:
Jiachen Sun; Long Zhang; Fengli Zhou; Susan Shaw; Anna Roos; Michelle Berger; Britt-Marie Bäcklin; Yichao Huang; Xiaoshi Zheng; Xiaodong Wang; Da Chen
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2022 v.56 no.3 pp. 1830-1840
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; bromination; carbazoles; coasts; ecology; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; risk assessment; seals; technology; Gulf of Maine; Maine; Sweden;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fatty acids (FAs) have been extensively used as indicators of foraging ecology in marine mammals, yet their association with exposure to contaminants has rarely been investigated. The present study provided the first characterization of the relationship between hepatic FA profiles and exposure to a suite of contaminants in a sentinel species─the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)─from the Gulf of Maine ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.1c06512

6. In the Search of Marine Pestiviruses: First Case of Phocoena Pestivirus in a Belt Sea Harbour Porpoise

Author:
Iben Stokholm; Nicole Fischer; Christine Baechlein; Alexander Postel; Anders Galatius; Line Anker Kyhn; Charlotte Bie Thøstesen; Sara Persson; Ursula Siebert; Morten Tange Olsen; Paul Becher
Source:
Viruses 2022 v.14 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Halichoerus grypus; Pestivirus; Phocoena phocoena; Pusa hispida; coasts; females; genotype; host range; juveniles; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; viruses; Baltic Sea; Denmark; North Sea;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pestiviruses are widespread pathogens causing severe acute and chronic diseases among terrestrial mammals. Recently, Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV) was described in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) of the North Sea, expanding the host range to marine mammals. While the role of the virus is unknown, intrauterine infections with the most closely related pestiviruses— Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV) ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14010161

7. Distance Estimation in Reproduction Tasks in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Author:
Eric Maaß; Frederike D. Hanke
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; laboratory animals; reproduction; seals; water;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Harbor seals commute between haul-out places and feeding grounds close to the shore or in the open ocean, which is considered a low structured environment, at first sight not providing many cues for orientation/navigation. Nevertheless, seals are well-oriented. For returning to a specific location, seals may use both external and internal cues to, for example, perform path integration requiring th ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13070938

8. Measures for co-existence between seals and coastal large-scale salmon set net fisheries: Mitigation of catch damage by the use of rope grid

Author:
Yosuke Kuramoto; Yasuzumi Fujimori; Ryohei Ito; Yumi Kobayashi; Yasunori Sakurai
Source:
Fisheries research 2021 v.242 pp. 106041
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Japan; cameras; research; salmon; seals;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent decades, conflict between Kuril harbor seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) and local fisheries have become a serious problem in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Catch damage in large-scale salmon set nets may be mitigated by attaching a rope grid to set net funnels. We investigated the effectiveness of different rope grids on catch damage caused by seals, and evaluated hidden impacts on catch cau ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106041

9. Congenital Diseases in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) from the Salish Sea

Author:
Erin R. D'Agnese; Dyanna M. Lambourn; Jennifer K. Olson; Jessica L. Huggins; Stephen Raverty; Michael M. Garner; John Calambokidis; Alyssa A. Scott; Steven J. Jeffries; Joseph K. Gaydos
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2021 v.57 no.3 pp. 672-677
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; cleft palate; malnutrition; pollution; teratogens; wildlife;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases. Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4). No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time mon ...
DOI:
10.7589/JWD-D-20-00179

10. Primary harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) airway epithelial cells show high susceptibility to infection by a seal‐derived influenza A virus (H5N8)

Author:
Dai‐Lun Shin; Ursula Siebert; Ludwig Haas; Peter Valentin‐Weigand; Georg Herrler; Nai‐Huei Wu
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. e2378
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Halichoerus grypus; Influenza A virus; avian influenza; epithelium; humans; kidneys; liquid-air interface; lungs; models; poultry; poultry industry; seals; sialic acid; swine; trypsin; viruses; waterfowl; Asia; Europe;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N8 subtype have been circulating in Europe and Asia since 2016, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. A new wave of H5Nx infections has begun in 2020. The viruses mainly infect wild birds and waterfowl; from there they spread to poultry and cause diseases. Previous studies have shown that the H5N8 viruses have seldom spread to mamm ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14580

11. Quantifying the effects of tidal turbine array operations on the distribution of marine mammals: Implications for collision risk

Author:
Joe Onoufriou; Debbie J.F. Russell; Dave Thompson; Simon E. Moss; Gordon D. Hastie
Source:
Renewable energy 2021 v.180 pp. 157-165
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; environmental impact; renewable energy sources; risk; telemetry;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Owing to their predictability, tidal currents are an attractive source of renewable energy. However, data on the environmental impacts, especially at array scale, are lacking. We present a spatial analysis of telemetry data, identifying the effects of the presence and operations of the world's first commercial sized tidal turbine array on the movements of an acoustically sensitive marine mammal; t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.052

12. Serological and Molecular Investigation of Batai Virus Infections in Ruminants from the State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 2018

Author:
Nicole Cichon; Martin Eiden; Jana Schulz; Anne Günther; Patrick Wysocki; Cora M. Holicki; Joachim Borgwardt; Wolfgang Gaede; Martin H. Groschup; Ute Ziegler
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus; RNA; blood; cattle; glycoproteins; sheep; Germany;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Arthropod-borne Batai virus (BATV) is an Orthobunyavirus widely distributed throughout European livestock and has, in the past, been linked to febrile diseases in humans. In Germany, BATV was found in mosquitoes and in one captive harbor seal, and antibodies were recently detected in various ruminant species. We have, therefore, conducted a follow-up study in ruminants from Saxony-Anhalt, the most ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030370

13. Food Choice and Prey Selection by Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in a Shallow Coastal Zone in the Dutch Delta Area: Importance of Local Flatfish Stocks

Author:
Stef van Rijn; Mennobart R. van Eerden
Source:
Ardea 2022 v.109 no.3 pp. 507-528
ISSN:
0373-2266
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Ardea; Gobiiformes; Halichoerus grypus; Myoxocephalus scorpius; Phalacrocorax carbo; Pleuronectes platessa; coasts; demersal fish; diet; food choices; freshwater fish; herring; marine fish; pelagic fish; predation; predator-prey relationships; rare species; spring; North Sea;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coastal breeding Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo foraging in a shallow part of the Dutch North Sea preyed upon abundant marine demersal fish species. In 2010–2012 intensive fish surveys were performed in the Voordelta area and in 2009–2015 Cormorant pellets were sampled in the breeding colony of Breede Water, Voorne, four times per year between March and September. In total 48 fish species we ...
DOI:
10.5253/arde.v109i2.a20

14. Effects of sea‐level rise and storm‐enhanced flooding on Pacific harbour seal habitat: A comparison of haul‐out changes at the Russian and Eel river estuaries

Author:
Karen Backe; Ellen Hines; Karina J. Nielsen; Doug George; Elinor Twohy; Mark Lowry
Source:
Aquatic conservation 2021 v.31 no.7 pp. 1749-1759
ISSN:
1052-7613
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; coasts; habitats; indicator species; philopatry; rivers; sea level; storms; California;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Patterns and changes in the distribution of coastal marine mammals can serve as indicators of environmental change that fill critical information gaps in coastal and marine environments. Coastal habitats are particularly vulnerable to the effects of near‐term sea‐level rise. In California, Pacific harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) are a natural indicator species of coastal change because of ...
DOI:
10.1002/aqc.3574

15. Fetal mercury concentrations in central California Pacific harbor seals: Associated drivers and outcomes

Author:
Daniela A. Murillo-Cisneros; Elizabeth A. McHuron; Tania Zenteno-Savín; J. Margaret Castellini; Cara L. Field; Todd M. O'Hara
Source:
Science of the total environment 2022 v.820 pp. 153246
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; El Nino; captive animals; ecology; environment; mercury; odds ratio; toxicology; wildlife; California;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mercury (Hg) is a well-known toxicant in wildlife and humans. High total Hg concentrations ([THg]) have been reported in central California harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardii. We evaluated the effects of presence/absence of early natal coat (lanugo), year (2012 to 2017), sex, stranding location, and trophic ecology (ẟ¹³C and ẟ¹⁵N values) on hair [THg] along coastal central California. Also exam ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153246

16. Occurrence of Microplastics in Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina) and Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) from German Waters

Author:
Carolin Philipp; Bianca Unger; Ursula Siebert
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; Halichoerus grypus; inflammation; intestines; life history; microplastics; parasites; Baltic Sea; North Sea;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The level of knowledge on microplastic exposure in marine mammals is limited by the access to dead and alive individuals. Focusing on the Northeast Atlantic area, some studies already confirmed the microplastic presence in free-ranging marine mammals, such as harbour porpoises or harbour seals inhabiting the North Sea (NS). In contrast, knowledge on the exposure to grey seals and particularly on s ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12050551

17. Ovarian Neuroglial Choristoma in a Bitch

Author:
Eleonora Brambilla; Barbara Banco; Stefano Faverzani; Paola Scarpa; Alessandro Pecile; Debora Groppetti; Claudio Pigoli; Marco Giraldi; Valeria Grieco
Source:
Veterinary sciences 2022 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2306-7381
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; bitches; brain; children; head; immunohistochemistry; medicine; neck; oropharynx; ovariectomy; retina; skull; spinal cord;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neuroglial choristomas are rare malformations consisting of heterotopic mature neural tissue at a site isolated from the brain or spinal cord. In human medicine, neuroglial choristomas are predominantly reported in the head and in the neck, except for one recent case reported in a foot of a child. In domestic animals, neuroglial choristomas are exceedingly rare, reported only in the retina of a do ...
DOI:
10.3390/vetsci9080402

18. Origin and expansion of the world’s most widespread pinniped: Range‐wide population genomics of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

Author:
Xiaodong Liu; Suzanne Rønhøj Schjøtt; Sandra M. Granquist; Aqqalu Rosing‐Asvid; Rune Dietz; Jonas Teilmann; Anders Galatius; Kristina Cammen; Greg O’Corry‐Crowe; Karin Harding; Tero Härkönen; Ailsa Hall; Emma L. Carroll; Yumi Kobayashi; Mike Hammill; Garry Stenson; Anne Kirstine Frie; Christian Lydersen; Kit M. Kovacs; Liselotte W. Andersen; Joseph I. Hoffman; Simon J. Goodman; Filipe G. Vieira; Rasmus Heller; Ida Moltke; Morten Tange Olsen
Source:
Molecular ecology 2022 v.31 no.6 pp. 1682-1699
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; genetic structure; genetic variation; genotyping by sequencing; metagenomics; philopatry; population structure; Arctic region; Europe;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) is the most widely distributed pinniped, occupying a wide variety of habitats and climatic zones across the Northern Hemisphere. Intriguingly, the harbour seal is also one of the most philopatric seals, raising questions as to how it colonized its current range. To shed light on the origin, remarkable range expansion, population structure and genetic diversity of ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.16365

19. Determinants of mortality of juvenile harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) infected with lungworm submitted to a Dutch seal rehabilitation centre

Author:
M.F.A. van Wijngaarden; M.I.M. Geut; J.C.M. Vernooij; L.L. IJsseldijk; T.J. Tobias
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2021 v.14 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
2213-2244
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; body temperature; decision making; juveniles; lungworms; nematode infections; seals; seasonal variation; survival rate; wildlife rehabilitation; Netherlands;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since the seal populations in the North Sea are again thriving, the rationale behind seal rehabilitation is currently under discussion. Seals frequently require rehabilitation as a result of a lungworm infection, with these infections most commonly seen in young seals. The need for triage support is addressed by the organisations involved in seal rehabilitation to ensure adequate decision making o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.12.002

20. Exposure of individual harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and waters surrounding protected habitats to acoustic deterrent noise from aquaculture

Author:
Charlotte R. Findlay; Gordon D. Hastie; Adrian Farcas; Nathan D. Merchant; Denise Risch; Ben Wilson
Source:
Aquatic conservation 2022 v.32 no.5 pp. 766-780
ISSN:
1052-7613
Subject:
Phoca vitulina,   etc   ; acoustics; aquaculture; chronic exposure; coasts; energy flow; fish; models; noise pollution; nontarget organisms; predation; risk; seals; Scotland;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pinniped depredation at aquaculture sites is a globally recognized problem. To mitigate depredation, the aquaculture sector uses acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) as a non‐lethal alternative to shooting pinnipeds interacting with caged finfish. However, it is unclear whether sound emissions from ADDs have the potential to also impact non‐target pinnipeds at spatial scales relevant to populations. ...
DOI:
10.1002/aqc.3800