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1. First description of natural concomitant infection of avian nephritis virus and infectious bronchitis virus reveals exacerbated inflammatory response and renal damage in broiler chicks

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Munuswamy, Palanivelu; Latheef, Shyma K.; Kappala, Deepthi; Mariappan, Asok Kumar; Kaore, Megha; Anbazhagan, Karthikeyan; Puvvala, Bhavani; Singh, Karam Pal; Dhama, Kuldeep;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2021 v.154 pp. 104830
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
; Avastrovirus 2; Avian nephritis virus; Infectious bronchitis virus; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; genes; glycoproteins; histopathology; inflammation; interleukin-12; interleukin-13; interleukin-4; macrophages; mixed infection; necropsy; pathogenesis; viruses
Abstract:
... We describe the first report on spontaneous Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) concurrent infection in broiler chicks. On necropsy, the kidneys were found swollen with its parenchyma and ureters stuffed with urate flakes. Histopathologically, the renal tubular damage and inflammatory response were severe in concurrently infected birds compared to the cases infected o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104830

2. Evaluation of a fusion gene-based DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy against Newcastle disease virus

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Khulape, Sagar A.; Maity, Hemanta Kumar; Pathak, Dinesh Chandra; Ramamurthy, Narayan; Chellappa, Madhan Mohan; Dey, Sohini;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2019 v.51 no.8 pp. 2529-2538
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
Avian orthoavulavirus 1; cell membranes; chickens; cytokines; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genes; glycoproteins; immune response; immunophenotyping; infectious diseases; lymphocyte proliferation; membrane fusion; mononuclear leukocytes; neutralization tests; plasmids; recombinant vaccines; secondary immunization; subunit vaccines; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... The low potency of genetic immunization has to date impeded development of commercial vaccines against major infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a fusion gene-based DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy to improve the efficacy of both DNA and subunit vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The fusion (F) protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, is re ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11250-019-01967-2

3. Active immunization with Brucella abortus S19 phage lysate elicits serum IgG that protects guinea pigs against virulent B. abortus and protects mice by passive immunization

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Jain, Lata; Rawat, Mayank; Kumar, Bablu;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Biologicals 2017 v.45 pp. 27-32
ISSN:
1045-1056
Subject:
Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; alum; aluminum; antibodies; bacteriophages; blood serum; bovine brucellosis; carbohydrates; gels; guinea pigs; humoral immunity; immune response; immunization; immunoglobulin G; mice; vaccines; virulence; zoonoses
Abstract:
... Brucellosis is an economically important zoonosis of worldwide significance. Earlier (Jain et al., 2015) we reported methodology for generation of phage lysate preparations against Brucella abortus S19 using brucellaphage ‘ϕLd’. In this study, using a fixed dose (Two mouse PD100) of lysates, the prophylactic efficacies of both plain and alum gel adjuvanted lysates were evaluated in guinea pig by d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.10.006

4. Generation and evaluation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain R2B with an altered fusion protein cleavage site as a vaccine candidate

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Yadav, Kalpana; Pathak, Dinesh C.; Saikia, Deep Prakash; Debnath, Ashis; Dey, Sohini; Chellappa, Madhan Mohan;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2018 v.118 pp. 230-237
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
chickens; Newcastle disease; vaccines; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; viruses; immune response; vaccination; virulence; adverse effects
Abstract:
... Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of chickens. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B is an Indian mesogenic strain used for secondary vaccination in chickens. Mesogenic strains have increased virulence and immunogenicity but may cause disease in vaccinated birds, thus rendering them ineffective for use. In this study, we generated a recombinant NDV by changing the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.038

5. Synergy of lipopolysaccharide and resiquimod on type I interferon, pro-inflammatory cytokine, Th1 and Th2 response in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Annamalai, Arunsaravanakumar; Sachan, Swati; Kumar, Anand; Sharma, Bal Krishan; Govindaraj, Elaiyaraja; Chellappa, Madhan Mohan; Dey, Sohini; Krishnaswamy, Narayanan;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2015 v.64 pp. 177-182
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; Toll-like receptor 7; adaptive immunity; adjuvants; agonists; chemical structure; chickens; genes; immune response; interferon-beta; interferon-gamma; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-4; lipopolysaccharides; mononuclear leukocytes; pathogens; vaccines
Abstract:
... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved molecular structures of invading pathogens and initiate an immune response to curtail the infection prior to the development of more powerful and specific adaptive immunity. Understanding the interactions between different TLRs in terms of immune response genes is a pre-requisite for using various TLR agonists alone or in combination as adjuvants or a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.013

6. Prophylactic potential of resiquimod against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) challenge in the chicken

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Annamalai, Arunsaravanakumar; Sachan, Swati; Kumar, B.S. Anand; Sharma, Bal Krishan; Kumar, Vimal; Palanivelu, Munuswamy; Varghese, Berin P.; Kumar, Ajay; Saravanan, B.C.; Krishnaswamy, Narayanan;     Show all 11 Authors
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2016 v.187 pp. 21-30
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
immunosuppression; interferon-gamma; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; gels; genes; Infectious bursal disease virus; mononuclear leukocytes; chicks; immunohistochemistry; antibodies; agar; gene expression regulation; virulence; immunodiffusion tests; Toll-like receptor 7; antigens; White Leghorn; immune response; interleukin-1beta; histopathology; mortality; chickens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; specific pathogen-free animals; vaccines; inducible nitric oxide synthase; agonists; interleukin-4
Abstract:
... The study evaluated the prophylactic potential of resiquimod (R-848), a synthetic TLR7 agonist, against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection in chicken. Specific pathogen free White Leghorn chicks of three week age were treated with R-848 (50μg/bird, intramuscular) or PBS (n=26/group). Twenty four hour later, half of the birds from each group were challenged with 105 EL ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.005

7. Adjuvant potential of resiquimod with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and its mechanism of action in chicken

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Sachan, Swati; Annamalai, Arunsaravanakumar; Sharma, Bal Krishan; Malik, Hina; Saravanan, B.C.; Jain, Lata; Saxena, Meeta; Kumar, Ajay; Krishnaswamy, Narayanan;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Vaccine 2015 v.33 no.36 pp. 4526-4532
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
Newcastle disease; adjuvants; interferon-gamma; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; genes; mammals; vaccination; chicks; mechanism of action; interferon-alpha; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; spleen; lymphocyte proliferation; gene expression regulation; virulence; Toll-like receptors; humoral immunity; oils; interleukin-1beta; chickens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; hemagglutination; vaccines; flow cytometry; inducible nitric oxide synthase; agonists; interferon-beta; interleukin-4
Abstract:
... Resiquimod (R-848), an imidazoquinoline compound, is a potent synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist. Although the solitary adjuvant potential of R-848 is well established in mammals, such reports are not available in avian species hitherto. Hence, the adjuvant potential of R-848 was tested in SPF chicken in this study. Two week old chicks were divided into four groups (10birds/group) viz., ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.016

8. Administration of TLR7 agonist, resiquimod, in different types of chicken induces a mixed Th1 and Th2 response in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Saravanan,   et al.   ; Annamalai, Arunsaravanakumar; Sachan, Swati; Sharma, Bal Krishan; Anand Kumar, B.S.; Kumar, Vimal; Badasara, Surendra Kumar; Kumar, Ajay; Saravanan, B.C.; Krishnaswamy, Narayanan;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Research in veterinary science 2015 v.100 pp. 105-108
ISSN:
0034-5288
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 7; White Leghorn; agonists; chickens; gene expression regulation; genes; immune response; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interferon-beta; interferon-gamma; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-4; mononuclear leukocytes; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the variation in immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of broiler, White Leghorn (WL) and Kadaknath breeds of chicken following administration of TLR7 agonist, resiquimod (R-848). Expression of different immune related genes viz., interferon-β (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, TLR7 and iNOS was assessed by quantitative real time PCR over a period of 24 h. Th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.007